楽曲解説 / Program Notes

“Chiang Ch’ing, a.k.a. Madame wide range of dramatic moods. So this the original eruption theme, and implying Beatles, Pink Floyd, and Emerson, Lake Orchard Hall オ ー チ ャ ー ド Mao, has gate crashed the Presidential ‘foxtrot’ acts not only as an interruption that although Tarkus was defeated, he & Palmer. The orchestral arrangement Banquet…. After a few minutes she… to the formal festivities of the presidential may not have died. Later reflecting on of Tarkus, also paying homage to ELP, strips down to a cheongsam, skin-tight exchange, but also stirs the memories of the meaning of the work, Greg Lake was first performed by the TPO in from neck to ankle…. She signals the Mao Zedong and his bride in apparently commented that it was about “the futility March of 2010 and again in 2013 with orchestra to play and begins dancing happier times. of conflict… of soldiers and war.” Keith Emerson in attendance for the by herself. Mao…steps down from his performance. 3 portrait on the wall, and they begin to Takashi Yoshimatsu has composed 6 Instrumentation: 2 flutes (1st, 2nd doubling foxtrot together…” on piccolo), 2 oboes, 2 clarinets (2nd doubling many works in a variety of genres, making Suntory Hall サ ン ト リ ー his debut in 1981 with Threnody to Toki. Instrumentation: piccolo, 2 flutes, 2 oboes, on bass clarinet), 2 bassoons, 4 horns, 2 English horn, 2 clarinets, bass clarinet, Adams, having discovered that trumpets, 2 trombones, tuba, timpani, pedal Over the years he has composed six 2 bassoons, contrabassoon, 6 horns, 4 bass drum, cymbals, suspended cymbals, trumpets, 3 trombones, tuba, timpani, Madame Mao had previously been an sizzle cymbals, high-hat cymbals, snare drum, symphonies, more than ten concertos for actress in films in Shanghai, incorporated a variety of instruments, chamber music, suspended cymbals, (+splash, clash), hihat triangle, tambourine, glockenspiel, xylophone, cymbals, triangles, brass wind chimes, antique themes that would musically highlight Vibraphone, antique cymbals, belltree, claves, and works for piano and guitar, as well cymbals, wood block, cow bells, tambourine, castanets, sandpaper blocks, 2 woodblocks this part of her past as well, with a as for traditional Japanese instruments. tomtoms(3-5), snare drum, bass drums 3 Yoshimatsu’s Atom Hearts Club Suites (large..ord, small..muted), tamtam, marimba, 7 vibraphone, tubular bells, piano, strings for String Orchestra pay homage to the

Opera City オ ペ ラ シ テ ィ

(1944-) Keith Emerson [arr.by TakashiYoshimatsu] 3 3 "Tarkus" 6 7 Sergei Rachmaninoff(1873-1943) 3 hatching during a volcanic eruption. 10 Eruption (ca. 3 min) op. 45 3 The second section “Stones of the Symphonic Dances Stones Of Years (ca. 3 min) 10 Years” originally had vocals and lyrics Iconoclast (ca. 2 min) I. Non allegro (ca. 11 min) composed by Greg Lake, along with Mass (ca. 2 min) II. Andante con moto (Tempo di two other sections of the work. The Manticore (ca. 2 min) valse) (ca. 10 min) remaining movements depict the various Battlefield (ca. 3 min) III. Lento assai - Allegro vivace battles Tarkus wages with other imaginary Aquatarkus (ca. 5 min) (ca. 14 min) creatures along the way. “Iconoclast” is depicted as a combination of a Composed as the title track for the pterodactyl and a war plane. “Mass” was Originally titled Fantastic Dances, progressive rock band Emerson, Lake & the second movement that also originally with subtitles for the three-movement Palmer’s second album in 1971, Tarkus is included vocals and lyrics, this time with work initially labelled as “Noon,” Sergei Rachmaninov presented in seven movements and based a number of religious reflections, and “Twilight,” and “Midnight,” this would on an imaginary creature that is half presenting a creature which seems to be be Rachmaninoff’s final composition. to collaborate with his good friend armadillo and half tank. Keith Emerson part lizard, part lobster and part rocket- Composed during the summer of 1940, again, Michel Fokine (who had been was apparently inspired by the drummer launcher. the composer first presented the work choreographer for the Ballets Russes), Carl Palmer’s improvisations in a 10/8 as a two-piano arrangement, eventually when he approached him to ask him if he rhythm backstage one day. Eventually The final battle takes place with orchestrating it and dedicating it to would be interested and was immediately incorporating both 5/4 and 10/8 meter, “Manticore”, a creature that appears to Eugene Ormandy and the Philadelphia given a strong reply of interest by Fokine. the various sections also explored ‘walls have a lion’s body together with a human Orchestra who would premiere the work Unfortunately, Fokine’s death in 1942 of sound’, which was inspired by one face and a scorpion’s tail. Having won in January of 1941. By the time of the kept the choreographic collaboration of Emerson’s ‘heroes’ John Coltrane, the first two battles, Tarkus apparently premiere the original title and subtitles from bearing fruit this time. instead using electronics and the Moog is defeated in this final battle, falling had vanished, but with some suggesting synthesizer to create the effect. into a river. “Battlefield” (the third Rachmaninoff may have intended the The first movement Non Allegro, movement that originally had lyrics) three dances as a reflection of the various with it’s opening march, presents a The storyline is depicted artistically and “Aquatarkus” close the work, stages of his life. In addition, it was contrasting middle section featuring a inside the album cover, with the creature incorporating a march theme as well as clear that the composer had intended brief but beautiful saxophone melody, the

14 15 楽曲解説 / Program Notes

first time Rachmaninoff would use the works, but this time some believe he may terribly boring and repulsive to me… I dark, mysterious opening motive in the Orchard Hall オーチャード instrument in one of his orchestral works, have been contemplating the end of his can tell you… that I am displeased with low strings that winds it’s way through and for which he received support from own earthly life. With this theme taken the piece.” calming and even soaring melodic lines. the Broadway composer and arranger, up by the brass, the composer intones an Even the ancient chant for the dead, the Robert Russell Bennett. The coda turns Orthodox chant melody in the low strings Whether his disappointment in the Dies irae, that Rachmaninoff was to use to the strings to play a lush theme, which and woodwinds, the same melody that work was due to lingering self-doubts in a number of his works, can be heard is taken from his First Symphony, with had appeared in the composer’s choral or simply his own critical ear, is difficult initially in the brass chorale at the close 3 piano, harp and bells woven throughout. work, All Night Vigil, referencing the to know. But perhaps due to his former of the Scherzo movement, and is referred 6 And although this First Symphony had not resurrection of Christ. In an expression of Moscow Conservatory teacher, Alexander to in subsequent movements.

Suntory Hall サントリー been successful so many years before, the gratitude it seems, Rachmaninoff would Ziloti, taking the proverbial bull by the composer seemed intent on revisiting the write “I thank thee, Lord” on the final horn and deciding to have the composer Eventually, Rachmaninoff would work theme, perhaps reviving it in a new light page of the manuscript, to complete the premiere this new work (without with conductor Nikolai Sokoloff to make or possibly just reflecting on earlier times. final work he would compose before his his initial consent) in St. Petersburg, significant cuts to the work, with the death. Rachmaninoff persevered and completed idea that it was otherwise too lengthy The second movement, Andante con the work, directing the premiere on for most conductors to program. These 3 moto, is a whirling waltz, but more along Instrumentation: piccolo, 2 flutes, 2 oboes, February 9, 1908. This and subsequent cuts eliminated nearly one third of the 7 the lines of a surreal dance in a fantastical English horn, 2 clarinets, bass clarinet, 2 performances in Moscow and Warsaw entire work, the revised version being bassoons, contrabassoon, 4 horns, 3 trumpets,

dream state with a feeling of melancholy 3 trombones, tuba, alto saxophone, timpani, were received warmly and reaffirmed the performed by conductors for many years. Opera City オペラシティ and mystery, rather than any traditional bass drum, cymbals, snare drum, triangles, composer’s abilities to create exceptional But eventually the full ‘uncut’ version waltz. The final movement turns to tambourine, tamtam, glockenspiel, chimes, orchestral works, even receiving another was brought back into favour and is now piano, strings the Dies Irae that Rachmaninoff had Glinka Award later that year. more frequently performed, as will be referenced many times before in earlier presented by the TPO for this concert The four movements follow traditional series. Romantic Russian symphonic form with 3 the Scherzo following the first movement Instrumentation: 3 flutes(3rd doubling on 10 piccolo), 3 oboes (3rd doubling on English and the lyrical slow movement (Adagio) horn), 2 clarinets, bass clarinet, 2 bassoons, 4 preceding the final movement. The horns, 3 trumpets, 3 trombones, tuba, timpani, (1873-1943) Sergei Rachmaninoff 3 3 3 work takes the listener through a wide bass drum, cymbals, snare drum, glockenspiel, strings Symphony No. 2 in E minor op. 27 6 7 10 range of dramatic moods, from the However, it would be another two I. Largo - Allegro moderato years before the composer would begin (ca. 20 min) to pen his Second Symphony. In 1906, II. Allegro molto (ca. 11 min) Rachmaninoff made the decision to III. Adagio (ca. 14 min) relocate with his family to Dresden to IV. Allegro vivace (ca. 15 min) concentrate his efforts on composing. It was there that he began to write his next Following his first attempt at writing symphony. In the summers he would in the symphonic genre, Rachmaninoff’s return to the family estate, Ivanovka, and Symphony No. 1 was received with such continue work throughout most of 1907. strong criticism that it put the composer He was not satisfied with the results as off from composing any works at all for he stated in response to inquiries about several years. In fact it took the assistance his latest work: of a specialist, Dr. Nikolay Dahl, and post- hypnotic suggestion for the composer “…I really did finish a symphony, but to to regain enough self-confidence to try this must be added the phrase ‘in rough his hand at composing again. His Piano draft.’ I have not announced it to the Concerto No. 2 (1901) was his first attempt world because I want first to complete April L. Racana / Music Specialist at Nishimachi International School where she has taught since at writing again and was a great success, it in final form. While I was planning 1992. She completed her undergraduate studies at the University of Illinois, Champaign-Urbana even receiving the Glinka Award in 1904. the orchestration, the work became (BS/Piano Pedagogy) and her graduate studies at San Francisco State University (MA/Music).

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