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Geology, Geochemistry, and Mineralization of the Yellowbottom-Boulder Creek Area, Linn County, Oregon

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Geology, Geochemistry, and Mineralization of the Yellowbottom-Boulder Creek Area, Linn County, Oregon AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Etlydjliichgbonfor the degree ofMaster of Sciencein ackil24 presented on Noyember 10. 1988 Title: geology. Geochemistry. and Mineralizationof the Yap/bottom -Boulder Creek Area. Linn County. Orego",- Redacted for Privacy Abstract approved: -11MMII.11=1! Cyrus W. field The Yellowbottom-Boulder Creekarea is immediately west of the Quartzville Mining District in the Western Cascadesof Oregon.Volcanic rocks comprise a series of basaltic to rhyodaciticflows and volcaniclastic deposits which are believed to correlate withthe Sardine Formation ( mid- Miocene). These volcanic rocks dipto the southeast (5` to 25'), presumably into the hinge zone of the Sardine Synclinelocated immediately to the east. Intrusive rocks consist of small stocks of intermediatecomposition (quartz diorite, quartz monzodiorite,quartz monzonite, granodiorite, and tonalite), and dikes and plugs of basalticto rhyolitic composition. The largest intrusion is a quartz monzodioritestock that covers approximately 1 km2, for which thename Yellowbottom Stock is proposed here. Pliocene flows of diktytaxitic basalt and porphyritic andesiteof High Cascade origin are preserved on the crests of Galena Ridgeand Packers Divide. A Quaternary flow of trachybasalt partly fillsthe valley of Canal Creek and is associated with two cinder cones: they presumablyrepresent the last pulse of volcanic activity in the Quartzvillearea. Major-oxide concentrations in the volcanic and plutonic rocksdisplay systematic trends (decreasing A1203, T102. Peer, MgO,CaO, and P205, and increasing Ba0 and K20, with increasing Si02 content)on Harker variation diagrams. These trends may suggest differentiationfrom a single batch of magma. The chemistry of plutonic rocksfrom the study area, and from the Western Cascades in general (calc-alkaline, low K20 content), is similar to that of some island-arcterranes, including the Southern California batholith, Caribbean, southwestern Pacific,and Pacific Northwest areas, and largely suggests that themagma was derived from the mantle with little if any crustal contamination. Hydrothermal alteration has affected all rocks of Mioceneage. Propylitic alteration is widespread in areal extent and isthought to have been produced by the interaction of magmatic fluids withthe host rocks. In contrast, argillic-phyllic alteration is structurallycontrolled, and may have resulted from hydrolysis reactions between the hostsand meteoric waters that invaded the structures subsequent to propylization.Zones of brecciated and silicified rock range from linearto cylindrical in shape, and are commonly mineralized. Comparisons of the concentrations of trace metals (Ag.Cu, Pb, Zn. and Mot with those in average granodiorite, Caribbeanintrusions associated with porphyry-copper deposits, and rocks ofthe Western Cascades, indicate that samples of the Yellowbottom-Boulder Creek area are depleted in Cu, Pb, and Zn and enriched in Ag. Strongcorrelations are observed (Mo-Ag; Cu -Zn), whereas Pb hasan antipathetic relationship to both Cu and Zn.Trends derived from data plottedon a Cu-Pb-Zn ternary diagram suggest that Pb and Zn metallizationare associated with vein-type deposition, whereas a one-sample Cuanomaly may be related to porphyry-type mineralization. Mineralized districtsto the north in the Western Cascades are more enriched incopper than the Yellowbottom- Boulder Creek area, whereas those to the southcontain more zinc.This change in the abundances of trace metalsmay be related to the depth of erosion that has exposed deeper levels of thehydrothermal systems In districts to the north. Sulfur-isotope data suggest a magmaticsource of sulfur.Depositional temperatures (157 to 260' C) obtained from sulfur-isotopefractionation and fluid - inclusion data derived froma quartz-calcite-galena-sphalerite veinkt suggest mineralization during late-stagegradual cooling of the hydrothermal system. Several geologic features, including mineralizedbreccia pipes and zones, quartz-bearing porphyritic intrusions, and anomalousmetal concentrations, suggest the presence ofa porphyry-type hydrothermal system at depth in the Boulder Creek area.Additionally, linear zones of intense silicification may be associated with shallowermineral deposition in the epithermal environment. The future mineralresource potential of the area is therefore largely. but not completely,dependent on the discovery of porphyry-type mineralization that mightbe enhanced by association with anomalously high gold and silverconcentrations. Geology, Geochemistry, and Mineralization ofthe Ye Dm/bottom-Boulder Creek Area, Linn County, Oregon by David K. Nicholson A THESIS submitted to Oregon State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Completed November 10, 1988 Commencement June 1989 APPROVED Redacted for Privacy Profesk6rzejGeology in craheof major Redacted for Privacy/ ---?....- Head of artment of Geology' Redacted for Privacy Dean of GraduSchool Date thesis is presented November 10. 1988 Acknowledgements First and foremost, I would like to thank Cy Fieldfor suggesting this project, for his direction and generous financialsupport, and for his careful editing of the manuscript.I would also like to thank Committee members Ed Taylor, Allen Agnew, and Jon Kimerling.John Curless (graduate student in geology) provided the firstreview of the manuscript., accompanied me in the field on several occasions, andsuggested solutions to many problems encountered. Others who made helpfulcomments include faculty members Anita Grunder and John Dilles,and graduate student Dana Willis.lan Thomson and Cole Carter of Orvana Resources Corporation provided geochemiatl analyses, fluid inclusiondata, and field discussions. Jeff Daw ley (undergraduate student in geology)served as field assistant for several weeks during thelate summer of 1987. Jay Grant of the US. Forest Service provided financialsupport in the form of reduced fees for camping. Russell Anderson of ChampionInternational provided access to closed sections of land. Ruth Lightfootprepared the thin sections for use in this study. Thanks alsoto the various Ye llowbottom Campground hosts who providedmoral support and verified my return from the field each evening, especiallyBabe and Harry Willis.Above all,I would like to thank my wife Pamela for her patience (and financial and moral support I) during thepreparation of this thesis. TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 Geographic Setting 3 History of the Quartzville Mining District 6 Location and Accessibility 7 Previous Investigations 7 Methods of Study 8 GEOLOGIC SETTING 10 VOLCANIC ROCKS 21 Lower Andesite Unit 26 Petrography and Petrochemistry 27 Lower Pyroclastic Unit 34 Intermediate Andesite Unit 36 Petrography and Petrochemistry 37 Intermediate Basalt Unit 41 Petrography and Petrochemistry 42 Upper Pyroclastic Tuff Unit 49 Upper Pyroclastic Unit 51 Rhyodacite Unit 52 Petrography and Petrochemistry 53 Pliocene Volcanic Rocks 56 Petrography and Petrochemistry 57 Quaternary Basalts 60 Petrography and Petrochemistry 61 INTRUSIVE RO(XS 65 Diorites and Related Rocks 67 Petrography and Petrochemistry 68 Basaltic Dikes 72 Petrography and Petrochemistry 73 Andesitic Dikes and Plugs 77 Petrography and Petrochemistry 77 Dacitic and Rhyodacitic Dikes and Plugs 79 Petrography and Petrochemistry 83 Granophyric Dikes 87 Petrography and Petrochemistry 87 Mafic Plugs 90 Petrography and Petrochemistry 91 UNCONSOLIDATED DEPOSITS 95 Glacial Deposits 95 River Terraces 96 Landslides 96 Talus 97 STRUCTURE 98 Faults and Fractures 100 Folds 102 Breccia Pipes and Breccia Zones 102 MAJOR-OXIDE CHEMISTRY OF VOLCANIC AND PLUTONICROCKS 110 HYDROTHERMAL MINERALIZATION 124 Alteration 125 Propylitic Assemblage 131 Argillic-Phyllic Assemblage 134 Silica 138 Tourmaline-Quartz Assemblage 138 Distribution of Trace Metals 140 Deposition of Sulfides 152 Sulfur-Isotope and Fluid-Inclusion Data 155 MINERAL-RESOURCE POTENTIAL 159 GEOLOGIC SUMMARY 162 REFERENCES 168 APPENDICES 178 A Major-oxide analyses, metal concentrations, normative mineralogy, and specific gravity of selected samplesof volcanic and intrusive rocks. 178 B Summary of metal concentrations for samplesof volcanic and intrusive rocks, their altered equivalents, and breccia zones. 182 LIST OF FIGURES Elam Put I. Index maps showing location of studyarea, nearby towns, major rivers, and principal access. 2 2. Location map of the study area showing the principal access, major drainages, and geographic features. 4 3. Generalized distribution of volcanic rocks within the Western Cascades. 11 4. Regional stratigraphic units used by various geologistsin the Western Cascades. 13 5. Vents of Early Western Cascade volcanic rocks. 15 6. Vents of Sardine Formation volcanic rocks. 17 7. Distribution of intermediate stocks andareas of alteration, and location of mining districts, in the Western Cascades. 19 8. Generalized volcanic stratigraphy of the Quartzvillearea (after Berg. 1961 and Munts, 1978). 22 9. Classification of volcanic rocks from the studyarea using the TAS (total alkalis vs. silica) diagram of Le Maitre (1984). 25 10.Contact between basalts of the intermediate basalt unit and lacustrine tuffs of the intermediate andesite unit. 38 11.Wall of the 'Temple", a towering outcrop of basaltalong Quartzville Creek formed by faulting. 43 12.Photomicrograph of basalt sample TIB -1. 45 13.Photomicrograph of rhyodacite sample 1-123. 54 14.Photomicrograph of an oxyhornblende phenocryst in andesite sample 0-66. 59 15.IUGS classification of intrusive rocks from
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