THE AMERICAN

LEGIONMAGAZINE 20c-JULY 1965

A NEW KIND OF AMERICAN

What happened to the men WHO SIGNED THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE by T. R. Fehrenbach

THE TRUST-BUSTING LAW by Deane and David Heller

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Robert Wood has won many awards for his landscapes. They GREAT ART, Dept. ES-6 bring to life America's most majestic beauty and peaceful 420 Lexington Avenue scenes. The inspiring beauty of the original oil masterpieces New York 17, N.Y. has been captured and reproduced with remarkable fidelity in these lovely prints. Please send me all 4 Robert Wood landscapes for just $1.00 (please enclose 10j? to help pay postage) on full money back guarantee if I am not delighted. Offer Will Not Be Repeated Enclosed is $_ urge you to order your landscapes now while the supply We Name_ lasts. Each print is 11" by 14" (about the size of a thousand line newspaper page), has a lovely border — can be "hung" Address, without framing if you wish. You will be delighted with the City _Zone. .State. color and beauty these art treasures will add to your home. SAVE! SPECIAL OFFER: Order three sets of all 4 prints is only This your chance to order. Be sure to fill in the coupon for only $2. Extra sets make ideal gifts. now. This offer will not be repeated in American Legion. L The American

JULY 1965

Volume 79, Number I

POSTMASTER: LEGION to P.O. Box 1954 Send Form 3579 Indianapolis, Ind. 46206 Magazine The American Legion Magazine Editorial & Advertising Offices 720 Fifth Avenue Contents for July 1965 New York, New York 10019 Publisher, James F. O'Neil Editor VICKSBURG, MISSISSIPPI 6 Robert li. Pitkin Assistant Editor BY ALDEN STEVENS John Andreola A travel article for today's motorists on the site of a great Art Editor Civil War siege. Thirteenth in the series Al Marshall "Seeing Historic America." Associate Editors Roy Miller James S. Swartz Production Manager Art Bretzfield NO PATENT ON PATRIOTISM 7 Copy Editor BY NATIONAL COMMANDER DONALD E. JOHNSON Grail S. Hanford Manager Some of the finest expressions of American patriotism today come Circulation Dean B. Nelson from naturalized citizens who've sampled life elsewhere. Indianapolis, Ind. Advertising Director Robert 1'. Redden Chicago-Detroit Sales Office A NEW KIND OF AMERICAN SOLDIER 8 Bart J. Hums BY ROBIN MOORE 35 East Wacker Drive Chicago, 111. 60601 A close look at the training, duties, combat life and mission of the CEntral 6 2101 Army's Special Forces—our own guerrillas. CHANGE OF ADDRESS: Notify Circulation Dept., P. O. Box 1951, Indianapolis, Ind., 46206 using Post Office THE TRUST-BUSTING LAW 14 Form 3578. Attach old address label and BY DEANE AND DAVID HELLER give old and new addresses with ZIP Code number and current membership card number. The Sherman Act was a "nothing law" when enacted just 75 Also be sure to notify your Post Adjutant. years ago—but it became one of the government's most powerful clubs. The American Legion Publications Commission: Dr. Charles R. Logan, Keokuk. Iowa JACKSON HOLE AND THE GRAND TETONS 18 (Chairman); Adolpll F. Bremer, Winona. Minn. (Vice Chairman) ; Lang Armstrong, BY WILLIAM MCK. CHAPMAN Spokane, Wash.; Charles E. Booth, Hunting ton. If. Va.; John Cicero, Swoyerville, Pa.; Jackson Hole is now outdrawing Yellowstone Park, its famous E. J. Cooper, Hollywood, Fla.; Clovis Cope neighbor to the north. Here's a look at its "tourist land. Little Hock, Ark.; Paul B. Daguc, Down- Pa. Fields. Guymon. Ukla.: area" and its magnificent wilderness. inglown, ; Raymond Chris Hernandez. Savannah, Co.; George 1). Levy, Sumter, S. C; Howard E. Lohman, Moorheud, Minn.; Frank C. Love, Syracuse.

N. Y. ; Morris Meyer, Slarkville, Miss.; J. H. SHOULD WE EXPAND TRADE WITH SOVIET Morris, Baton Rouge, La.; Robert Mitclller, BLOC COUNTRIES? Oswego. 111.; Harry H. Schaffer, Pittsburgh. 22 Pa.; Bradley J. Stephens, Los Altos, Calif.; TWO SIDES OF A NATIONAL QUESTION Wayne I.. Talbert, Delphi. Ind.; Benjamin B Truskoski. Bristol, Conn.; Robert H. Wilder, pro: REP. PATSY T. MINK (D-HAWAII) Dadeville, Ala. Edward Mi Sweeney, Armonk. con: SEN. PETER H. DOMINICK (R-COLO.) N. Y. (Consultant)

The American Legion Magazine is published WHAT HAPPENED TO THE MEN WHO SIGNED THE monthly at 1100 West Broadway. Louisville. DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE? 24 Ky. 40201 by The American Legion. Copyright 1965 by The American Legion. Second-class BY T. R. FEHRENBACH postage paid at Louisville. Ky. Price: single copy, 20 cents; yearly subscription, S2.00. They pledged their all, and them paid a huge many of Order nonmeniber subscriptions from the Cir- personal price for our independence. culation Department of The American Legion. P.O. Box 1954, Indianapolis, Ind. 46206 Editorial and advertising offices: 720 5th Ave., New York, N. Y. 10019. Wholly owned by Departments The American Legion, with National Head- quarters at Indianapolis, Ind. 46206. Donald F. Johnson, National Commander. LETTERS TO THE EDITOR 2 NEWS OF THE AMERICAN LEGION 33 DATELINE WASHINGTON 44 EDITOR'S CORNER 4 PERSONAL 49 Publisher's Representatives ROD & GUN CLUB 30 LEGION SHOPPER 53 West Coast Arden E. Roney & Assoc. VETERANS NEWSLETTER 31 PARTING SHOTS SB Los Angeles & San Francisco, Calif.

Northwest Manuscripts, artwork, cartoons submitted for consideration will not be returned unless a self-addressed, The Harlowe Co. stamped envelope is included. This magazine assumes no responsibility for unsolicited material. Seattle, Wash. 98101

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1965 vertisement suggesting negotiations. Since then I've been carrying on a battle LETTERS TO THE EDITOR with this group, and suggest that others do so, too. They may go under various names, but their aim is the same—to "negotiate" away the freedom of the Letters published do not necessarily ex- sir: Commander Johnson's article, which South Vietnamese and others. press the policy of The American Legion. Keep letters short. Name and address must has been reprinted in Phoenix' Evening Michael Berezowski be furnished. Expressions of opinion and American, clearly sets forth the situa- requests for personal services are appreci- Cherry Hill, N.J. ated, but they cannot be acknowledged or tion in Southeast Asia and why we must answered, due to lack of magazine staff for stay in Vietnam until the battle is won. these jmrposes. Requests for personal serv- sir: God love our wonderful boys in In the Post's Newsletter, we have made ices which may be legitimately asked of Vietnam. I've just finished reading The American Legion should be made to an appeal to our own people to read the your Post Service Officer or your state Charles W. Wiley's "The Lonely War in (Department) American Legion Hq. Send editorial. This is must reading for every- Vietnam" (May) . I doubt there are more letters to the editor to: Letters. The body and we hope it gets the attention American Legion Magazine, 720 5th Ave- kind, good men in the world than ours it deserves. Keep up the good work. nue, New York, N.Y. 10019. in America. We can be very proud of Clayton B. Orth, Adj. them. I pray we end this war soon, hon- STEPHEN FOSTER, MUSICAL GENIUS Dept. Arizona of orably, so they may be home with their Ariz. sir: On behalf of all the members of the Phoenix, loved ones. American Society of Composers, Authors Mrs. Roy Russell, Jr. and Publishers, I wish to compliment C.S.S. SHENANDOAH'S FLAG Emlenton, Pa. you on Mahoney's interesting and Tom sir: I would like to congratulate you comprehensive story, "The Life and on the magnificent article, "The Ship THE FLAG Legend of Stephen Foster." (June) That Fought The War That Wasn't," by sir: for your editorial, "The Mr. Mahoney's article does much Thank you Tom Mahoney (April). It may be of in- Flag—Anything Goes" (May). I was to create a better understanding of the terest to you to know that the original shocked when I the Herald -Tribune life musical saw and times of this American flag, taken from the Confederate ship genius. photo of our flag used as a bedspread. Shenandoah, is now on display at the Mrs. Herman W. Hanschka I wish to express appreciation and ex- W. L. I. Armory here in Charleston. It tend congratulations Cedar Grove, N.J. to The American was presented to the Armory by Lt. John Legion Magazine for this article. Grimball, who fired the last gun in de- sir: Thank you for your editorial con- Stanley Adams, President fense of the South. The flag has been American Society Composers, Authors cerning the disrespect shown to our Na- of encased in glass to preserve it as long tional Colors, "Old Glory." I am glad and Publishers as possible. you have made known such obviously New York, N.Y. Carl B. Beckman disrespectful use of the flag for whioh Charleston, S.C. VIETNAM'S BIG STAKES so many died and under which so many sir: The National Commander's article, of us were privileged to serve. . . . sir: This is just a note of appreciation. "What are the Big Stakes in Vietnam?" (Rt. Rev.) John M. Quirk The article "The Ship That Fought The Boston, Mass. (May) , was the most concise and clearest War That Wasn't," by Tom Mahoney is of the many that I have read on that one of the most interesting I have ever issue; too bad it cannot be read in every ARLINGTON read. For me the April issue was the best household in our country. sir: Little did I realize, while reading yet. Tom B. W. Watkins "Arlington From Lee to Kennedy" Frederic D. Aldrich — Fredonia, N.Y. (January), that in a few short weeks I Richmond, Vt. would be using it for reference for the sir: I took the liberty of posting the Na- burial of my husband. It was a great A RICH NEW WORLD tional Commander's May article in all help in my period of loss, and the offi- sir: Your series of travel articles called our manufacturing plants. Finally, a cials at Arlington could not have been "Seeing Historic America" have ren- concise, incisive report that all can un- nicer. I am proud to know that I also dered me an enormous service. Particu- derstand. have the privilege to rest with him in larly one little sentence that appears E. W. Leber, Vice President this beautiful spot. every month—"Your appreciation of any NGL Enterprises Mrs. Alice Lewis historic area is greatly enriched if you Hillsboro, III. Sharpsburg , Md. read about it first." By paying attention to this I have found a world lying sir: Commander Johnson's editorial in new right at feet. The major historic REQUEST FOR BACK ISSUES our May issue is an excellent presenta- my places I've visited to life. sir: I donated my file of American tion of the Vietnam situation. My heart- have sprung have of tree, Magazines to the new iest congratulations! At some them almost every bush Legion Monthly hillock in- the Military Academy at Col. Dunlap C. Clark (Ret.) and have come alive with library at U.S. visible people out of the past. re- Point. This file consists of all the Piedmont, Calif. More West cently I have taken to reading up about magazines starting with the July 1926 the simple little "historic site" markers with the following exceptions: sir: Commander Johnson has rung the issue I along June 1931 and June "Freedom Bell!" All Americans should that used to bore me as saw them Sept. 1928, May & the road. Thanks for showing a rich If any member has any of these invest five minutes with his concise and me 1937 world in I al- it will be appreciated if articulate article and the accompanying new the midst of what four numbers ways thought was commonplace. will send them to me or direct to map. "The Big Stakes" ought to be re- they R. Sampson Mr. H. Conway, Library, U.S. quired reading for all of Congress. D. James West Point, N.Y. Stuart A. Lindman Newark, N.J. Military Academy, P. Conway Minneapolis, Minn. Frank THE LONELY WAR Union, N.J. sir: The Commander's article is both sir: The article, "The Lonely War in timely and enlightening. I was pro and Vietnam," couldn't have been more time- VERDUN SHELL CLAIMED con on the Vietnam situation, but I am ly. There is a chorus of home-front "do- sir: In your September "Letters" page now convinced that we must stay in gooders" willing to "negotiate" away the I offered an Armistice Day shell, re- Vietnam and see it through at all costs. freedom of South Vietnam. The Phila- covered near Verdun, to anyone who Carmen Kerrch delphia Chapter, Committee for a "Sane" could establish a connection with Bat- Dorchester, Mass. Nuclear Policy recently ran a large ad- tery "D," 128th Field Artillery, whose

2 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1965 members' names were inscribed on the shell. Mr. Charles Watkins, of the AEF Ass'n, 128th Field Artillery, made the proper identification and the shell has been jsent to that organization in St. Louis. Edward J. Ledogar Jamaica, N.Y.

21-GUN SALUTE sir: What is the significance of the 21- gun naval salute, and when was it origi- nated? J. O. Banks, ADJT. Post 313 Fairmount, Ind.

We don't know for sure, but an accepted theory is: (1) Long since, warships showed peaceful intentions when near- ing a friendly port by disarming them- selves (emptying their guns) and friendly shore batteries did the same. (2) When this evolved from a meaning- ful gesture to a ritual salute, shore batteries took to answering each gun of a warship with three shore salutes (and we don't know why three). (3) Early British warships had seven guns to empty. When each was answered by three shore salutes that came to 21. This in turn evolved into 21 guns from each as an international salute, which the US officially recognized in 1875.

ASKS LEGION SUPPORT sir: I am a high school senior active in Junior Achievement, which has taught me a great deal about our free enter- prise system. On my behalf, Congress- Your Amazing Telephone Line man John Dent (Pa.) introduced Joint Res. 1188 asking the President to pro- claim the third Sunday of each October as Free Enterprise Day, and I have writ- Bell System engineers are finding simply insert special plastic cards into ten to the President suggesting how that because it can carry your voice a telephone set that dials automatically, such a day might be observed. I would so well, it's good for a lot of other and then detail the dollars and cents appreciate American Legion support of uses, too! the resolution. by pushing numbered Touch-Tone® Nancy Kay Davison Telephone lines carry both the deep buttons. In this way you will ring your Greensburg, Pa. tones of men and the lighter tones of bank's computer, identify your ac- women with fidelity. This is why you count with a code number, and tell the BE BRIEF can always recognize a familiar voice computer whom to pay and how much. sir: I wrote you a 7-page letter telling over the phone. Your bank will do the rest. what a crummy magazine you're put-

ting out. didn't publish it. You Why? ^our telephone's wide tonal range In fact, the things your phone can A. J. Peeler offers other communications possibili- do for you. just by basically being a Honolulu, Hawaii ties as well. phone, are still not fully explored. This time One of these is a portable unit which you made the point quick Its ability to transmit the tones es- enough to leave room for someone else doctors can use to transmit an on-the- sential to such data communications on the page. spot electrocardiogram of the heart as the "E-K-G" and the bill payment from a patient's home phone. The suggests many remarkable new uses WE'RE FLATTERED "E-K-G" signals are converted to tones sir: I amazed that for your telephone line. am just one magazine which are sent over the phone line to can contain so many worthwhile stories a hospital for study by a specialist. The Our engineers are working on them. and provide so many leisurely minutes of wholesome reading time. Your arti- diagnosis can then be telephoned back As its future unfolds, day by day. your cles are so interesting that I have started to the doctor. telephone line will surely become more a scrap book for them and plan to use Another probability is that someday personally yours than it is even now it as a reference work in history. I know pay bills by phone. You will . . . one of your most useful aids. that you spend endless hours publishing you may

the magazine and I am thankful for it. As a journalism student I would rate it as excellent in every category. Bell System Rosalie Daist American Telephone and Telegraph Co. Fort Wayne, Ind. and Associated Companies

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1965 A STORY OF A LAW It began in 1933, when Oxford students, The Sherman Anti Trust Act was not following a debate, voted in favor of not written by Sherman. It was not opposed EDITOR'S going to war for their country under any by the "trusts" when it was enacted back circumstances. By their acts they char- in 1890. For eleven years their acceptance acterized the British as a weak and deca-

it as "political —CORNER dent nation. of a sop" seemed justified. — From them Hitler drew pow- Then the roof fell in. Teddy Roosevelt be- erful moral support—and something to came President, unlimbered the Sherman laugh at. That laughter later crossed the Act and aimed its guns at the biggest pri- Atlantic. The "Oxford oath" was taken vate powers in the United States. The Mor- they paid. On page 24, T. R. Fehrenbach up by American intellectuals at one gan, Hill, Harriman and Rockefeller em- tells the story. If you find it an eye-opener campus after another, severely shattering pires of those days were broken up into —and we think you will—a tip of the hat our unity and resolve to stand fast in the competitive fragments. is due L. B. Von Spach, of Wauwatosa, face of a growing assault on freedom. This year the Sherman Act (which later Wisconsin, for suggesting—as he did last Today the campus rebels are again ig- spawned the Clayton Act, the Antitrust January 18th—that this is a story you'd noring the most historic moral issue of like to in detail. Division of the Justice Department, the read Mr. Von Spach is a all time, the issue that is fundamental to Federal Trade Commission, and more con- member of Post 45 in Wauwatosa and a all men and all nations, always has been troversies than you can shake a stick at) member of The American Legion since and always shall be—the issue of freedom. 1919. celebrates its 75th anniversary as the big- Whenever freedom is under attack on have read the signers gest legislative sleeper in our history. When you what the battlegrounds of world politics, it is of the Declaration of Independence suf- On page 14 of this issue, Deane and our business to be there defending it no ered for taking a stand for freedom, the David Heller, give you that story of yes- matter how rough the going—whether it terday and today in their article. "The sad words of guest editorialist Harry be through diplomacy; through a United Trust-Busting Law." The Hellers are a Kursh, below, about Americans today who Nations force, as in Korea; through an man and wife writing-researching-report- seek "alternatives" to standing four- eyeball-to-eyeball confrontation, as in ing team operating out of Washington, square, may be worth rereading — and Cuba; or with the U.S. Marines. thinking about. rbp DC. Freedom is the irreducible moral issue Next month they will return again with of our time. The campus intellectuals who, an expose of America's invisible govern- on moral grounds, would accept no alter- ment—the story of the extraordinary pow- INTELLECTUALS VS. FREEDOM native to having the civil rights struggle ers of the Bureau of the Budget, which A guest editorial by noted American au- fought out, should be the first, not the last, Lyndon B. Johnson once called a "czar" thor Harry Kursh. to recognize that there are no alternatives that operates as a law unto itself, responsi- to defending freedom except to abandon Is it possible for one and the same man ble "to no one" . . . "overriding the will it. I to say that freedom in the United States of Congress." is worth fighting for at any cost, but that

if freedom is threatened from the outside

its defense isn't worth any sacrifice at all? AUSTRALIA DECIDES OUR OWN GUERRILLAS Campus intellectuals who urged Presi- A guest editorial by Ian Moffitt, News Robin Moore's "A New Kind of Ameri- dent Kennedy that all other considerations Limited of Australia. be put aside in the fight for civil rights be- can Soldier," on p. 8 of this issue, is Australia has pretty well nailed her flag written from the inside. To write about cause of overriding moral grounds, are to the same mast as the Stars and now in revolt against President Johnson's our own guerrillas, the Army's Special Stripes in the conflict in Asia. We are tak- fight for freedom abroad. Forces, Moore trained with them and went ing on modern arms and have just insti- deep into Vietnam with them. His book, Their positions at home and abroad are tuted our first peacetime draft in Aus- "The Green Berets." fictionalized for se- as far apart as the poles, though morality tralian history. We have decided to send curity, was issued in May by Crown Pub- knows no international borders. a battalion of 800 men to fight with the lishers. The campus rebellion against our stand Americans and Vietnamese in South Viet- It was necessary to delete of much in Vietnam has begun with a collegiate nam. We already have military planes in Moore's history of the Special Forces to chain reaction of unruly sit-downs, sit-ins Southeast Asia. We have lost men in action squeeze our article in, but it should be and "teach-ins." We can expect the campus in Malaysia against guerrillas from Indo- noted that the man who set the standards chain reaction to be refueled by the Do- nesia (our neighbor to the north), and one of the Special Forces, while he com- minican affair and the inevitable crises still of our minesweepers has killed Indo- manded the Army's Special Warfare to come in Africa, Asia and the Middle nesians trying to slip into Malaysia by School, is Gen. William P. Yarborough East. boat. We have a battalion of infantry and now senior member of the UN Armis- — The revolt of the intellectual is essen- a company of commandos in Sarawak. tice Commission in Korea. tially a revolt against our fight for freedom These decisions have been much harder No member of the Special Forces is —a search for an easy way out of the fight to reach in Australia than they would have too old to make free-fall parachute jumps, no matter what happens to freedom. It been in America. We are, geographically, and early this spring Gen. Joseph Stilwell cannot be laughed off. It could create a se- in the thick of it. If things went badly for Jr., son of "Vinegar Joe" of fame, WW2 rious crisis in confidence at a time when freedom we couldn't pull out and go very was badly broken up in practice jump at the world-wide struggle has fallen on the far away. Then too, our policy is com- Fort Bragg, where, in his fifties, he had shoulders of one man— President Johnson. mitted to U.S. policy, over which we have assumed General Yarborough's old com- The President has felt the blow from the no control. If America listened to its mand. ivied halls to the extent that authorized "teach-in" professors and demonstrators Special Forces tactics include free falls White House spokesmen have been sent and pacifists and simply changed its mind to low altitude over water, wearing frog- to defend the government's position at at this stage of the game, Australia would man gear, then proceeding under water campus forums that are convened to seek be left holding the bag. And we aren't very to an enemy-held coast line. what the intellectuals call "viable alterna- much to hold a bag by ourselves. Although tives" as opposed to standing firm for free- we're as big on the map as the U.S., our dom. "Viable" means "workable." That population is about that of metropolitan THEY STOOD UP TO BE COUNTED phrase may some day be catalogued along- New York City, thanks to all the desert in What happened to the men who signed side another infamous symbol of surrender our middle. Indonesia, whose statesmen the Declaration of Independence? Was and weakness — the Chamberlain um- like to tell us how we're going to have to it just an airy show of words when they brella. make up our minds, has an army of 350,- "pledged their lives, their fortunes and Once before, still fresh in memory, a 000. Our regular army numbers 22,750 their sacred honor?" Many of them paid campus revolt disrupted the confidence of and it will swell to only 37,500 next year. dearly, and few people know how dearly a nation in crisis and fed the gods of war. Our present planes—Canberras and Sa-

4 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1965 —

bres—are no match for Indonesia's ment, and with not much of a hand to naval officers. Bristling with missiles. MIG-Zls. draw to. Perth will probably enter Sydney Heads Many Australians, for the reasons cited What is tougher—and many Americans just before Christmas. Meanwhile two sis- above and others which take a little more may find this hard to grasp— is that we ter ships—H.M.A S. Hohurt and H.M.A .5 explaining to Americans, don't like all this have never considered ourselves to be a Brisbane—are on the ways at Bay City for a bit. There are voices calling for some part of Asia and its problems. They have later delivery. To date Australia is the kind of an arrangement with every Asian all been "far away," while London always only foreign country to order the Ameri-

nation if only to keep the neighborhood seemed closer to us than Djakarta or can TFX fighter-bomber ( F- 1 1 1 A ) which liveable. The Labor Party hammers Tokyo or Shanghai or Manila. Only since General Dynamics is grooming in test

away at Prime Minister Sir Robert Men- WW2 have our 1 1 million people—chiefly flights at Fort Worth. Texas. The RAAF zies' government for committing us. Aus- of English and other European descent has ordered 24, and probably will seek tralians were split wide open on the deci- started to recognize that we are forcibly more of the swift swept-wing jets which sion to send troops to Vietnam. "We have linked to events in Asia. An American U.S. Strategic Air Command officers now lost all power to help end the war." looking at a map would think that should would like to get for themselves. We've thundered the Australian Opposition Lead- be obvious, but our whole habit of thought ordered American Lockheed Orion and er. Mr. Arthur Calwell. Sir Robert Men- has been to the contrary. After WW2 we Grumman Tracker anti-submarine air- zies embalms an archaic reverence for had to develop our own trade in the West- craft, and Mirage fighters from France, British royalty, but he is just as outspoken ern Pacific. Even then we did not equate plus a huge stack of equipment. in his admiration of the U.S. stand in ourselves with Asian power politics until But our only aircraft carrier, H.M.A.S. Vietnam. That makes good sense in one the growing aggressiveness of Indonesia, Melbourne, will soon go out of action for respect, because Australia cannot defend the mounting world importance of the about a year for refitting. Our jungle herself alone. Southeast Asian struggle, and the swelling fighters have proved themselves in three might of Red China literally forced them- wars—but six regular battalions is about Only those Americans who know us selves on our attention in recent years. all the whole army can muster.

well can appreciate what a shock it is to Today our internal struggle with the old If Australians are sad at the role forced us to have to take sides at all on any con- tradition of isolation is probably more upon them to break out of their isolation

flict in Asia, short of the sort of direct at- acute and painful than it was in the United and take a stand (and they are), a recent tack that Japan subjected us to in WW2. States in the 1930s. Gallup Poll in Australia showed 52% in We aren't used to making foreign policy, But the Government has pretty well cast favor of sending troops to Vietnam and for one thing, particularly not in power the die. The guided missile destroyer 53% approving U.S. strikes against North politics. For most of our history we were H.M.A.S. Perth has been completed for Vietnam. Most of the remainder were un- quite happy to be identified with decisions us at Bay City, Michigan. Perth is due to decided. Considering that Australia would made "back home" in London. Now we be commissioned in Boston in July, fol- be compromised by any weakening of come into a big world crisis in our own lowing a recent inspection in Bay City by American policy in Southeast Asia, those corner of the world with little backlog of Australian Defence Minister Shane Pal- were hard questions for Australians to

experience in going it on our own judg- tridge and a small group of Australian answer that way.

OFFICIAL AMERICAN LEGION AMOUNT OF INSURANCE BASED ON AGE* LIFE INSURANCE AGE FULL UNIT As a Legionnaire, you can protect your family's well-being for as little as 1$ a day Under 35 $8,000 with Official American Legion Life Insurance. Simply mail this application with a 35 to 45 4,500 45 to 55 2,200 check for 10 for the Full $ Unit of protection for the remainder of 1965. That comes 55 to 60 1,200 to only $2 a month! (Normally no medical examination is required. However, if 60 to 65 800 to your application is not accepted, your $10 will be promptly refunded.) 65 70 500 •Alter you sign up. your coverage gradually reduces is shown in chart).

OFFICIAL APPLICATION for AMERICAN I YEARLY RENEWABLE TERM LIFE INSURANCE for MEMBERS of THE AMERICAN LEGION LEGION PLEASE TYPE OR PRINT ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS- -CHECK MUST ACCOMPANY THIS APPLICATION LIFE INSURANCE Full Name Birth Date PLAN Lost First Middle Day Year Permanent Residence Street No. City State IMPORTANT Name of Beneficiary _ Relationship If you reside in New Example: Print "Helen Louise Jones, Not "Mrs. H. L. Jones" York, North Carolina, Membership Card No. Year Post No. Ohio, Texas, Wiscon- State

I apply for a Full Unit of insurance sin, Illinois, New Jer- at Annual Premium of $24.00 or a Half Unit at $12.00 sey cr Puerto Rico, do The following representations shall form a basis for the Insurance Company's approval or rejection of this not use this form. application: Instead, write to 1. Present occupation? Are you now actively working? American Legion Life

Insurance Plan, P.O. Yes No If No, give reason. Box 5609, Chicago, 2. Have you been confined in a hospital within the last year? No Yes If Yes, give date, length of Illinois 60680. Appli- cations and benefits stay and cause vary slightly in some 3. Do you now have, or during the past five years have you had, heart disease, lung disease, cancer, diabetes areas. or any other serious illness? No Yes If Yes, give dates and details MAIL TO:

AMERICAN LEGION I represent that, to the best of my knowledge, all statements and answers recorded on this application

are true and complete. I agree that this application shall be a part of any insurance granted upon it under LIFE INSURANCE the policy. I authorize any physician or other person who has attended or examined me, or who may PLAN, attend or examine me, to disclose or to testify to any knowledge thus acquired. P. 0. BOX 5609, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS Dated. 19. Signature of Applicant 60680 OCCIDENTAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY OF CALIFORNIA, Home Office: Los Angeles GMA-300-6 ED. 5-63

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1965 5 (Readers may find this series of value on future motor trips or of interest to stu- dents of American history. We suggest SEEING HISTORIC AMERICA #13 you clip and save each as it appears.) A travel series for motorists By ALDEN STEVENS Field Director, Mobil Travel Guide

Vicksburg, Miss., 45 miles west of Jackson on the Mississippi River, 214 miles north of New Orleans and 761 miles south of Chicago, is on Interstate 20 and US 80 (E-W) and US 61 (N-S). For 47 days in 1863, Vicksburg, the key to Union control of the Mississippi, was besieged by Gen. U. S. Grant. To- day, the Vicksburg National Military Park forms a semicircle around the city just as Union forces did during the siege. Constant bombardment by heavy ar- tillery forced the citizens to live in caves dug in the soft, fine-grained loess on which their city was built. The city came close to starvation. The final capitulation on July 4, 1863,

Young Mississippians reenact a Artillery battery used by Union scene from besieged city's history. Forces in siege of Vicksburg. VICKSBURG, MISSISSIPPI

was the second of two staggering blows tides, waves and silt simulated to scale. grown for many years. Seventy miles to the Confederacy in two days. The Bat- The Corps uses these to solve problems south is Natchez, colorful town of the tle of Gettysburg had been lost on July relating to flood control, navigation and Old South, which boasts the Natchez 3. Now Southern control of the Missis- harbors. One-hour guided tours are con- Pilgrimage in March with visits to many sippi was lost and the unhappy South ducted at 10 a.m. and 2 p.m., Monday fine old southern mansions and gardens. was cut in two. Its eastern states were thru Friday, except holidays. It is a fascinating place to visit at any isolated from Arkansas. Texas and part time of the year.

of Louisiana, on which area it had de- pended for raw materials and food. 1965 Motel and Restaurant Info: Gen. Josiah Gorgas, one of the ablest Excellent Holiday Inn, 2 miles east on US 61, of the — South's leaders, said: "It seems US 80. 134 A/C rooms, pool. Restaurant. (601) incredible that human power could affect 636-4551. Excellent—Magnolia Motel, IV2 miles south on US 61. 80. 68 A/C rooms, pool. Restau- such a change in so brief a space. Yes- rant. (601) 636-5145. Very Good—Tuminello's Restaurant. 500 Speed St. Lunch, dinner—con- terday we rode on the pinnacle of success tinental cooking. Specialty: sea food. Closed —today absolute ruin seems to be our Labor Day. (601) 636-9711. (There are other places to stay and eat in Vicksburg. See Mobil portion. The Confederacy totters to its Travel Guide to the Southeastern States.) destruction." Today, on Confederate Avenue near Your appreciation of any historic area US 80 is a Visitor Center and a museum On the Vicksburg waterfront is the is greatly enriched if you read about it which give an excellent explanation of Steamer Sprague, the world's largest first. The 60-page National Park Service the siege and of Grant's whole western sternwheeler, which houses the Missis- Historical Handbook to Vicksburg is ex- campaign. A self-guiding tour, following sippi River Museum and has a theatre cellent and may be ordered from the Su- a map in the park folder, begins here. in which old-time melodrama is played. perintendent of Documents, Govern- While you are in Vicksburg you Admission to the Sprague and Museum ment Printing Office, Washington, D.C.,

should certainly see the U.S. Waterways is $1 for adults, 50^ for children. for 25

6 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1965 FOR YOUR INFORMATION No Patent On American Patriotism

By NATIONAL COMMANDER

Dr. Peter Vujacic, a refugee from Yugoslavia, recently serving in our Army's superblv trained Special Forces are resigned from the Perm State faculty when university naturalized citizens. The rest, he notes, are American de- officials permitted a campus screening of a communist propa- scendants of virtually every racial and tribal stock in the ganda film on Vietnam. "This is how it started in the Old world, including the American Indian. According to Moore, Country," Dr. Vujacic said in accepting an American Legion "these men of manv backgrounds operate in tight, mutually patriotism award. "I resigned because the film was shown loval teams as mature Americans." with the pretense that we, the Americans, are wrong." Any American who is tempted to take for granted his na- More than forty-two million people have left their native tional inheritance can learn something basic from the Green lands to start life anew in America. In every period of na- Berets: Loyalty and maturity in the American ideal are qual- tional crisis, from the Revolutionary War to the War in ities of spirit, not attributes of birth or family lineage. Vietnam, no group of Americans has sacrificed more for In the quiet but equallv telling struggle here at home to freedom or demonstrated greater love of liberty than those protect and strengthen America, our countrymen of foreign newly come to our shores. extraction are serving with equal distinction.

This record offers a vivid message to every American in the Following the assassination of the President of the United present time of crisis. It serves to remind us that Ameri- States in 1963, another naturalized citizen wrote to his can patriotism in the year 1965 is no man's birthright; it United States Senator "to make to you a pledge." Explaining must be aspired to, understood and earned in the experience that he felt compelled by the tragedy to offer something more of each citizen, no matter how deep or old his American than grief, he set down this creed: heritage. "I, an American citizen, shall henceforth more fully en- Of the fifty-six signers of the Declaration of Independ- deavor to love and to pay allegiance to this, my country, ence, whose sacrifices stemming from that act of courage are to honor its divinely inspired Constitution, to support its chronicled on page 24 of this magazine, eighteen were of elected officials on all levels of Government, to exercise my non-English heritage and eight were first-generation Ameri- franchise in this free land, to make an earnest effort to un- cans. One of the first colonists to give his life in the fight for derstand instead of to judge, to love instead of condemn, to independence was Crispus Attucks, a Negro from the West five uprightly before God and men and to raise my children Indies. in the same spirit." Like the signers of the Declaration of Independence, Dr. How many native-born citizens would have the inspiration Vujacic in 1965 placed the country's fortunes above his or take the time to make a comparable profession of faith own. After only fifteen years' residence, his pride in the in America? phrase, "we, the Americans," was total and un-hyphenated. Newcomers to America continue to prove that modern

America is still a land of opportunity for all who love liberty When Thomas Jefferson penned the "self-evident" truth and harbor hope. that "All men are created equal," he was paraphrasing Artur Rubinstein, the renowned pianist who emigrated the words of his friend Philip Mazzei, an Italian-born patriot. from Poland, acknowledges that among all the honors that More than a third of the fighting men in George Washing- have crowned his career, the most valued are his American ton's army were of Scottish or Scotch-Irish descent. Among citizenship papers. the troops endured a terrible winter at Valley Forge Tasca, son of an immigrant tailor who came to who Henry J. were a large number of native Germans, kinsmen of the this country from Italy many years ago, today is the newly some one-thousand freedom-seekers who journeyed from appointed U.S. Ambassador to Morocco. Ambassador Tasca Germany to the New World before our nation's birth. singles out "the variety of democracy" in the South Phila- Through nearly two centuries the pattern has held. At delphia of his youth as the key to America's success. "It was New Orleans, on the heights of Fredericksburg, in Havana a great time, a wonderful time," he says. "We learned to and the Philippines, in combat around the world, new Ameri- live together." cans have proudly committed their lives to the defense of their adopted land. People drawn from the corners of the earth, willing to stand together in freedom's cause— this is the great Today's newest Americans are upholding that tradition American adventure. Today, as in 1776, it has made America in the wilds of Vietnam. Author Robin Moore, writing of the envy and ideal of our friends, as men like Prof. Vujacic "A New Kind of American Soldier" elsewhere in this issue, forcibly remind us whenever we who are native born tend to reports that approximately ten per cent of the personnel take our heritage for granted.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1965 7 Training for guerrilla and anti-guerrilla warfare at the Army's Special Warfare Filipino-American sergeant on patrol School at Fort Bragg. Twelve-week course caps intensive training in specialties. with Vietnamese irregular forces. A NEW KIND OF AMERICAN SOLDIER

By ROBIN MOORE Aulhor of "THE GREEN BERETS." The photos on these pages show some of our anti-guerrilla specialists in Vietnam, along with many of the native Vietnamese whom they have trained to battle the Viet Cong. All of our armed forces and many of our overseas civilian agencies are now getting more training in "special warfare"—which has civilian as well as military aspects. Here we focus on a special breed of American soldiers, uniquely trained to help natives fight back against the whole spectrum of organized communist terror and disrup- tion. They are the men of the Army's Special Forces, a military arm first created at Fort Bragg, N. C, in 1952, and built up rapidly in recent years on orders of the late President Kennedy. The men of the Special Forces are rugged, self-reliant, resourceful, mature professional soldiers—so incredibly trained, so remarkably able and so self- lessly dedicated that a group of them as (Turn to page 10) A captured Viet Cong guerrilla. They hide out by day, to mobilize and raid at night. Special Forces men taught Vietnamese to flush them out. PHOTOS IN ACTION BY THE AUTHOR fl THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1965 The Army's Special Fofces are trained in the grim business of giving red terrorists a dose of their own medicine.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1965 9 Montagnard villagers of Buon Mi Ga hail the return of a successful patrol of their irregulars into VC territory.

(b) to go on maneuvers with them, and A NEW KIND OF AMERICAN SOLDIER (c) go with them to Vietnam, along the Mekong Delta and up into the hills to small as a dozen men can go into an them as a civilian writer, in order to pro- live with the "Montagnard" Vietnam enemy hinterland by itself and remain duce my book, "The Green Berets," they hill people (known as "Yards" to the indefinitely to carry on both the military made me start by earning my own jump Special Forces men), and go patrolling and civilian aspects of our new counter- wings with the airborne troops at Fort with the Yards and the Green Berets insurgency warfare against the red terror. Benning, Ga. Small wonder. Their against the Viet Cong.

Off and on since 1952 you may have favorite way of going somewhere is by The intelligence and resourcefulness read about these men in green berets in airdrop. A "leg" (a man not qualified of the Green Berets—and their ability to the hairy-chested men's magazines. You to parachute) could hardly travel any- absorb a fantastic amount of special probably learned that they are rough where important with them. training—far outrank their muscular and tough and can eat snakes if they As a paunchy writer, 17 years out of prowess. On a single patrol in Vietnam have to. True enough, but hardly the the WW2 Army Air Force, parachuting I watched Sergeant 1st Class Robert half of it. Every man jack of them is a at Fort Benning was a rugged go for me. Pronier repair a captured red Chinese

paratrooper first. In fact, when I wanted But as a result I was able (a) to train machinegun for use against the enemy; to train with them and go overseas with with the Special Forces at Fort Bragg, (Turn to page 12)

Two Special Forces sergeants (left) start on a patrol in the hills near the Trained in police-dog patrol, a South Vietnamese reg Cambodian border with Rhade guerrillas, trained to defend their homes.

10 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1965 Da Nang airbase defense before the Marines moved in. Regular Army Sgt. Jesse Mendes (second from left) and Special Forces Sgt. Gerasimo Leonida (right) accompany Vietnamese patrol with police dogs to flush out Viet Cong hiding in countryside.

his dog smell out a Viet Cong ambush near Da Nang, 1964. Capture of Viet Cong prisoner by Rhade Montagnards of Pronier's patrol, described in author's text. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1965 H Special Forces air-supply dumps war materiel to isolated teams operating against Viet Cong guerrillas in deep jungle.

CONTINUED A NEW KIND OF AMERICAN SOLDIER

handle all radio communications with his unit; make an area assessment com- plete with photographs; operate on a wounded Viet Cong we captured, re- moving a bullet from his arm; and then win the Bronze Star with Valor by lead- ing his Montagnard irregulars head-on into a communist ambush, so that purely by bold action the ambush was ambushed instead. This was on a patrol where Pronier, with about 50 Montagnards, went out from their village on a foray into Viet Cong territory with me tagging along. We went through the thickest brush and forest, keeping off the trails. (Just try that routine in the nearest thicket to your home for six days.) We set up several ambushes in which we routed overconfident VCs. We burned a VC jungle headquarters and made a frontal attack on a party of VCs by a river (where we took our prisoner). We Author Moore poses with native on forti- Special Forces men prepare to take a group fications built at Luong Tarn, Vietnam, of U.S. Marines for combat patrol experience stayed so many days in VC territory that with Special Forces help. in Vietnam interior, prior to Marine landing. the enemy—especially eager to get back the prisoner or kill him before he talked

12 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1965 too much—finally ambushed us. It was then that they were overrun by the Pronier-led charge. The party got back to the village without losing a man. All the villagers plus 12 Green Beret men and I had a whopping Yard-style cele- bration that night. It goes without saying that Pronier and his chums (who'd been operating another patrol at the same time) were able to talk with the Yards in a common language. The Montagnards weren't members of the South Vietnam army. They were remote, undefended Rhade mountain villagers, harassed for years by the communists. The 12-man Special Forces "A" team had organized them into an armed force. On patrol, Sgt. Pronier excises bullet from arm of Special Forces doctor and aides pre- Pronier never asserted leadership except Viet Cong captured on patrol by Rhade pare to ship Tan Phu cholera victim mountain villagers, Vietnam. to American-run hospital at Can Tho.

Viet Cong children, caught in crossfire of their parents' war, are borne to Army helicopter by Special Forces men. in moments of crisis. Diplomatically he left it to the newly-trained Montagnard headmen to prove their teaching and lead their own people. By then I'd been with the Green Berets so long that I'd learned to expect Pronier's competence in any Special Forces sergeant.

The first time I was with them in action was during the 1963 Army maneuvers in North and South Carolina, called Swiftstrike III. On the first day of the war games a Special Forces team infil- trated the woods around Pope Air Base, the air center for the entire Army exer- cise. That night, with mortars and demo- litions, they completely "destroyed" the air base and all the planes. Gen. Paul D. Adams, commanding general of U. S. Strike Command, was astounded. He nullified the destruction of Pope so that Medic Sgt. Wisbone (standing, broad hat) works with medical team giving care to 300 atients a day among villagers along the Delta. (Cnntinuprl nn nnoP 4H P Mekong

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1965 13 )

UNDEKW (XII) & I NUHin (XIII UNDERWOOD & UNDERWOOD NEW YORK HERALD FEBRUARY 20, 1902

T

Morgan Harriman

NEW YORK MARCH 15. 1904.

Mr. Roosevelt Directs At- torney General Knox to Bring Suit to Dissolve I the Northern Se- curities Merger.

BILL IN EQUITY SOON TO BE FILED Northern Securities Company

J. Pierpont Morgan, James J.

Hill and Their Associates an Unlawful Combination. Will Be Made the Defendants.

Theodore Roosevelt pulled the Sherman Act out of mothballs in 1902, and broke up the Morgan-Hill-Harriman railway empire. THE Trust-Busting Law

The Sherman Anti-Trust Act wasn't written by its "author"

nor opposed by "the trusts." Its 75 -year record reveals

it as the greatest legislative "sleeper" in our history.

By DEANE and DAVID HELLER Rockefeller's old Standard Oil Co. was marks the 75th anniversary tirely because of the Sherman Anti-Trust broken up in 1911 and the Morgan- of one of the most epochal Act. The knowledge might inspire some Harriman-Hill railway empire was top- laws ever enacted by Congress—The gloomy thoughts about the fleeting pled in 1904. An action under the Sherman Anti-Trust Act. No other law nature of fame. He'd prefer to be re- act led Eastman Kodak to agree to sell on the federal statute books, except the membered for other things. Kodachrome film without the processing Internal Revenue Code, has had such a In case memory fails you and you price included in recent years. tremendous impact on your pocketbook. aren't able to place the Sherman Act There are those who go so far as to

If, by some miracle, Sen. John Sher- right away, it has two main sections: ( 1 say that the advanced state of design man of Ohio, a man with intense blue it forbids contracts, combinations and and usefulness of almost every American eyes, close-cropped whiskers, and a stern, conspiracies in restraint of trade; and product that you are accustomed to today determined mouth, were to come alive (2) it forbids monopolizing and attempts springs directly from the Sherman Act, today, he would unquestionably be to monopolize. A third section permits since the old monopolies with their as- amazed to see the results of his bill. persons injured by monopolistic prac- sured markets had little incentive to Amusingly, Senator Sherman would tices to sue in federal courts for triple improve services to the public. probably be horrified to discover that his damages. Drugs, steel, coal, aluminum, copper, name is remembered today almost en- It is the law under which John D. rubber, salt, swimming suits, trading

14 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1965 6 IMS bj Ttf Ntw York Tvmtt Comptur. NEW YORK, APRIL 12, 1962. THURSDAY, Tliu* Squit, New Tork 36. NT

PRESIDENT ASSAILS STEEL AI

Ti FOR 'IRRESPONSIBLE' RISE E AND 'CONTEMPTOFNATION Kei

VOICES HIS ANGER How Kennedy Got MORE PRICES UP News and Reacted Tt

Pentagon Reviewing SiMcltl to Th» New Tork Tlm« 5 Big Companies Join WASHINGTON, April 11 —When Roger M. Blough. Impact of Costs on Move—Union Head chairman of the United States V Steel Corporation, handed Its Procurement Denies Cost Link Pr< President Kennedy a presa tod release announcing a price lst< rise last night, he took Mr. By Thf AmocI»i«1 Fran dut Kennody 99.9 per cent by fall TrantcTint of newt conference PITTSBURGH, Apill 11

Using the Sherman Act powers as a club, John F. Kennedy demanded steel prices rolled back in 1962. stamps, paper goods, lipstick, cosmetics, drop fame. In 1890, if anybody men- Sherman's grumpy attitude can be whiskey, motion pictures, tin cans, ce- tioned "the brothers," you knew it was seen by the words of his autobiography: ment, insurance, electrical appliances, John and Billy Sherman he was talking "When the bill was taken up ... I said bank credit, farm machinery . . . every- about. I did not intend to open any debate on thing (literally) from abrasives to zip- Exactly how unimportant John con- the subject, but would state that after pers . . . has been the subject of anti- sidered the antitrust act is evident from having fairly and fully considered the trust action in the 75 years of the Sher- his voluminous, two-volume autobiogra- substitute proposed by the Committee man Act's history. phy. Only four pages are devoted to on the Judiciary, I would vote for it, not

Sen. John Sherman, the Sage of Mans- the antitrust bill. Furthermore, reading as being precisely what I wanted, but as field, Ohio, who affected glossy-black, between the terse lines, you can see the best thing . . . the Senate was prepared ." antique, four-in-hand bow ties like those that Sherman was boiling about the to give. . . worn by his hero (and the man he helped LIBRARY OF CONGRESS For years there has been a big hassle to make President), Abraham Lincoln, among legal scholars about who did write could justly count himself one of the the Sherman Act. Sen. George F. Hoar most famous of all Americans in 1890. of Massachusetts was put forward as a During Sherman's lifetime he served as claimant for this honor, but the legal both Secretary of the Treasury and Sec- scholar-detectives have discounted his retary of State, and was in the U. S. Sen- role. In 1903, in his autobiography. Hoar ate for 32 years . . . then longer than anv had a sour comment: "In 1890," the other man. (Sen. Carl Hayden of Ari- Massachusetts senator wrote, "a bill was zona has since served longer.) passed which was called the Sherman

One of the few men, interestingly, who Act, for no other reason that I can think stood a chance of upstaging John Sher- of except that Mr. Sherman had nothing man was his own brother "Billy," better to do with framing it whatever." known to history as Gen. William Te- Senator Sherman's name seems to cumseh Sherman. Billy Sherman was the have been put on the Sherman Act be- Union General who led his armies cause he was the first to introduce an through Georgia, captured and burned antitrust act, because he was the prestig- Atlanta, and led the March To The Sea. John Sherman. He'd be dismayed today ious Chairman of the Senate Finance at how he's been remembered. Like John, Billy Sherman was a phrase- Committee, and to assuage his ill temper maker who coined such unforgettable whole thing. A little-known fact is that at having his own bill killed. Anyway, sayings as: "War is Hell," and that classic Sherman didn't write one word of the under Sherman's eloquent leadership, the disclaimer of Presidential ambitions: "If Sherman antitrust bill. His own bill, bill passed the Senate, 52-1. nominated, I will not run. If elected, I which he first introduced in the Senate Unvarnished history is sometimes fas- will not serve." As a famous brother team in 1888 and plugged for two years, was cinating. The blunt truth about the Sher- in American history the Shermans rank buried in committee. The act which bears man Act is that it was passed by an ultra- with John and Robert Kennedy, Richard his name was written entirely by others! conservative Congress while the huge and Harry Byrd, Paul and Dizzy Dean It was a substitute (and weaker) bill for trusts, which were then multiplying like and "Trade" and "Mark" Smith of cough the one Senator Sherman advocated. wildfire, did not even bother to fight it. It

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1965 15 '

UNDERWOOD & UNDERWOOD N.V. TIMES UNDERWOOD & UNDERWOOD

NEW YORK, TUESDAY, MAY 16, 1911. ONE CENT J^S'3JriS"»UCv.

6 >VEL

; only , and F from.

And of Such Unreasonable Re- President Tart hlniMir, In ntrinri to Congress *nd In public speeches, hu de- OPINIONS ON THE DECISION. straint the Supreme Court Finds clared .himself earnestly In favor of re- taining the economy and efficiency of Attorney General Wlckersltam: combinations and of destroying nierely " Substantial? every proposition the Standard Guilty. those practices which unduly restrained contended for by the Government Inter-Stato commerce and stifled compe- " tition. There was a time when the Presi- Is affirmed dent was In favor of some amendment Frank B. Kellogg, counsel for TAFT j DECISION PLEASES to the law effort to reach Bhsrman In the Government: " It ii a complete this tltuatton. But he finally came to the victory for the Government." conclusion that It was Impracticable to " " Senator Kenyon, formerly Assist- Decision Reads " Unreasonable write the word unreasonable Into tin- law. and pointed out that mora and more ant Attorney General: "I think Into Law and Is What Trusts the Supreme Court was tending toward the court has amended the anti- the point where Its decisions In trust trust law, and it will lead to Wanted, Says La Follette. eiiep would be based on that construction of the statute. trouble." Senator Follette: "I fear that Way Ovt for Corporations, La MODIFIED the court has done what the •trusts LOWER DECISION Now It seems to have bean done, and Congress the forceful personality of Chief Justice wanted It to do, and what White has so Impressed Itself upon the has steadily refused to do." the More Time Given and Injunotlon court that he has carried seven of Alfred D. Eddy., Standard Oil other Justices with him. Representatives counsel In Chicago: " The business Business Mean- of " big business " who heard him this Against Doing of the Standard Oil Corripany will afternoon did not hesitate to declare em- . while Is Removed. phatically that the decision was all that go on as usual, although changes 1 ask. They re- the big corporations could will be made." setded with especial favor the establish- |

President Taft Trust haters didn't think Taft's breakup of the Rockefeller oil empire went far enough. John D. Rockefeller, Sr.

Party Platforms contained planks against continued xhe Trust-Busting Law monopoly. Fourteen state legislatures

had enacted state antitrust laws . . . was, they felt, a "vague and unenforce- and extortion." In Minnesota, Ignatious largely ineffective because the trusts op- able" politicians' sop to a whirlwind of Donnelly was elected to Congress on the erated nationwide and state laws had angry protests that were sweeping the Anti-Monopoly ticket. In New York, jurisdiction only intrastate. nation. 20,000 labor union members paraded The political fact of life was that the Some signs of the time are interesting. down Fifth Avenue waving angry ban- heat was on both political parties to "do In Iowa, an Anti-Monopoly Party was ners stating: "We Must Crush Monopo- something about the trusts." The great founded to demand legislation "to save lies Or They Will Crush Us." In 1888, cartoonist Thomas Nast drew a cartoon the country from corporate monopoly both the Republican and Democratic for Harper's magazine in 1889 in which LIBRARY OF CONGRESS the Statue of Liberty held up a sign pro- claiming the United States to be the Home of the Trusts and the Land of Plutocracy. Something had to be done.

Good politics demanded it. The Sherman Anti-Trust Act was the answer. It sailed through the House of Representatives 242-0, with 85 Congressmen not even bothering to vote. Lawyers for the trusts were not at all worried.

The first 1 1 years of the Sherman Act bore out the complacent attitude of the trust lawyers. During the first year of the Sherman Act only one insignifi- cant prosecution was brought under it. This was not instituted by the Justice Department in Washington, but by John Ruhm, the United States Attorney for Tennessee. Ruhm's superiors in Wash- ington were unenthusiastic about his ac- tion. President Benjamin Harrison signed the act into law, but never mentioned

it in any message to Congress, nor in any speech. During Harrison's Admini- stration only seven cases were brought under the Sherman Act, not one of which was instituted from Washington. Nevertheless, U.S Attorney Ruhm, acting on his own, filed an indictment against a ring of coal price fixers in Nash- Teddy Roosevelt depicted wrestling with the Railroad Trust. ville—and won. 16 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1965 WIDE WORLD not "commerce" within the meaning of the Sherman Act and ruled for the sugar trust. Until 1901, only 18 prosecutions were brought under the Sherman Act provi- sions. Not one of these was brought against a business trust by the Justice Department in Washington. All were in- stituted by U. S. Attorneys in the field. The Justice Department did, however, SCHEMING CORPORATION investigate four cases against labor un- PURCHASE PRICE 1952, AND PROFITS ions. The Sherman Act was used to break IN AFTER TAXES, 1952 - JUNE 1957 the Pullman Strike of 1894. Eugene V. Debs went to jail for refusing to obey ANNUAL CUMULATED an injunction brought under its provi- sions. Labor leaders were bitter. A famous Senate speech of Senator Sherman was ". recalled in vain: . . the combinations of workingmen to promote their interests

. . . are not affected in the slightest de- gree, nor can they be included in the ." words or intent of the bill. . . Fi Embittered reformers now called the EH 1956 1952 "(953 1954 1955 Sherman Act a fraud, a meaningless, PROFITS pious nothing—except that it was used as a tool against the workingman.

Then American history . . . and the

role of the Sherman Act . . . were given late Sen. Kefauver protests huge profits of syndicate that bought Schering drugs. The {Continued on page 45)

BUSINESS WEEK—FRED WARD BLACK STAR

Today's Antitrust Division section heads ponder corporate mergers and pricing practices.

It was one of a handful of minor vic- The Federal Court in Boston quashed

tories in the Sherman Act's first 1 1 years the indictment. In a related case. Judge —against a series of defeats. Howell E. Jackson ruled that it was not The first important case under the illegal for the whiskey trust to own 70 Sherman Act was against the "whiskey distilleries. Thirsty drinkers got no price

trust" . . . more politely the Distilling relief from Judge Jackson. and Cattle Feeding Co., which, inciden- Even more disastrous was the first tally, fed no cattle. The indictment al- Sherman Act case to reach the Supreme leged that the whiskey trust controlled Court—against the "sugar trust." The the production and sale of more than heart was virtually cut out of the Act. 75% of the distilled spirits in the United The sugar trust controlled 65% of the States. The government claimed that this sugar-refining in the United States, and constituted a monopoly. An incidental had jacked up prices sky high. Then

part of the case alleged that the whiskey it bought four more large refineries in trust gave secret rebates to distributors Pennsylvania. The government attacked mmm who bought their firewater exclusively this as monopolistic. But the Supreme Antitrust Division attorneys research prece- from the trust and mantained trust re- Court, in a decision that has been re- dents in the Justice Department's library. sale prices. versed, held that "manufacture" was

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE » JULY 1965 17 By WILLIAM McK. CHAPMAN

the fall of 1807 John Colter, InVirginian, veteran of the Lewis and Clark expedition and the original mountain man, left the newly built Fort Lisa at the confluence of the Bighorn and Yellowstone rivers—about halfway be- tween the present cities of Billings and Jackson Hole Miles City, Mont.—to look for some new Indians to trade with. He went afoot and alone. He carried on his back about All 40 pounds of gadgets, beads and paint, ot a sudden this [National Farti the sort of things for which Indians would exchange beaver and other valua- ble furs. Nobody knows exactly where Colter went, but good authority states that he tramped toward the southwest, up the Bighorn, followed the south fork of the Stinkwater river—mercifully renamed Shoshone a half century ago — and climbed the Continental Divide not far from where the town of Dubois, Wyo., now stands. From that summit he could look down and behold one of the most beautiful sights in the world: a valley about 40 miles long and some 12 miles wide, ornamented with lakes and set in front of a mountain range of wild, up- thrust, jagged peaks rising skyward from the valley floor and fitting the landscape like a huge backdrop. It was mid-winter, a time when deep snow covers this western Wyoming world. The rising sun first touches the spires of these mountains—called "Les Grandes Tetons" by French trappers who came some years after Colter—with a rosy glow; the valley below lies in a sol- emn early morning twilight until the sun,

CUEN FISHF1ACK—JACKSON HOLE PRESERVES clearing the mountains of the Conti- nental Divide to the east, bathes the world in a fantastic mother-of-pearl blanket. Even dour John Colter, who had seen as much of the continent as any man, must have been impressed. He was the first white man to look down into the valley, later to be named Jackson Hole for a trapper and trader of a more recent day. Below the great mountains were a half dozen lakes, the largest lying to the north, now called Jackson Lake, the site of the $8 million Rockefeller-built lodge.

An arm of the lake is called Colter Bay, where vacationers of modest means can find comfortable campsites. Colter passed the site on the Gros Ventre river where, this July, a new country club with an 18-hole golf course will open. Turning south at the Snake river he was not far from the spot where

a busy airport is today expanding to ac- commodate jets. (A major reason why the airport is enlarging may be seen by looking a half-dozen miles west to the

face of the lower Teton Range: what is On Signal Mountain, vacationers view sweep of Jackson Hole and the Teton Range. being planned as one of the greatest ski

18 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1965 developments in the world will open howling as though they were being what he had seen nobody believed him. there this fall. Eventual total expendi- branded. The room extends about 150 They said he had been away by himself tures for this project are estimated at feet to its back wall where a dance floor too long. Colter's journey had taken him $20 million.) is so crowded that doing the twist or any- just over 1.000 miles. Colter continued south to where the thing exotic like that is impossible. In ad- A number of years ago. while making town of Jackson now bulges and throbs dition to murals, the walls contain large, a trip across the country and coming all summer long with tourists, mostly the moving colored scenes of old-time west- down through Jackson Hole from Yel- less adventurous kind — travelers who ern activities. The ceiling is an arrange- lowstone, I stopped my car at a point drive madly all day, rarely stopping, and ment of pink and green squares. Stuffed bv the Snake and got out to watch a cou- then only to take an occasional picture. magpies, hawks, ducks and pheasant are ple of young men fishing. I looked Jackson makes 90% of its income stuck around everywhere, along with around and decided it was the most beau- from tourists. There is no organized vice bearskins and larger animal heads. tiful place I had ever been. One of the and you would spend considerable time You enter the little park in the center voung men strolled over to me, asked digging up a poker game; there are no of town through an archway made by me if I would like to fish for a while and slot machines or craps or anything like hundreds of intertwined elk horns. At handed me his rod. On the first cast I that. There is an average season of 70 night these are illuminated by red and hooked a fish on each of the two flies. days in which to "make it" and the white lights. There is a memorial to our "We're packing up behind," one of the town's pulse runs a high fever during that old friend John Colter, who, after he left young men said, pointing to the great period. this neighborhood, crossed today's Teton shiny peaks of the Tetons. "Want to There is in Jackson a place of enter- Pass at the south end of the Teton Range, come along? We've got plenty of gear." tainment called the Cowboy Million Dol- then swung around north, up through I wanted very badly to join them but lar Bar. If you enter there some summer the Idaho country. I had miles to go before I stopped and night you will note on your right a 73- As spring came on, Colter was traips- promises to keep, too. So with great re- foot-long bar with 693 silver dollars im- ing through Yellowstone Park and ob- gret I turned from this generous offer bedded in its surface. Sixty feet across serving all the spouting, steaming and and went on my way. the room, three purple suited cowbelles stinking wonders of that place. When he Last summer I was in Jackson Hole will be whanging on electric guitars and got back to Fort Lisa and talked about again. On this occasion I had plenty of

THE Al ERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1965 19 PHILIP HYDE—JACKSON HOLE PRESERVES, INC.

Informality abounds in sumptuous lounge of Jackson Lake Lodge. Built by Rockefeller funds, Lodge can accommodate 1,250.

CONTINUED Jackson Hole and the Grand Tetons

time on my hands and, in addition to The attendance in 1963 was 2,158,767 Hole country which fascinated him, but

seeing how the town of Jackson had and last year it was over 2,300,000. (One his early efforts to have that area an-

burgeoned, I looked at all the facilities theory is that after a family goes to Yel- nexed to Yellowstone failed. Sportsmen

that had been constructed up the valley lowstone, sees all the wonders like Old and dude ranchers objected that the

with an idea of determining whether it Faithful, Jupiter's Terrace and the Sap- move would civilize the country. But in was better or worse than before the late phire Pool, and smells all the sulphurous the mid-1920's, when the road from John D. Rockefeller Jr., took an interest fumes, they go down into the Jackson Jackson to Jackson Lake started to be in the place. Hole country and are so smashed by the built up with cheap dance halls, tawdry

I had a piece of good luck. I ran into beauty that on their next vacation they bootleg joints and disreputable looking an old friend, Horace Albright, one of pass up the wonders of Yellowstone and gas stations and stores, there was a gen- the nation's foremost conservationists head straight for Teton Park.) eral realization that some measures and a man largely responsible for the Mr. Albright, now a fine looking, vig- would have to be taken to preserve the establishment of Grand Teton National orous man of 75, and I sat on a porch at beauty of the valley. Efforts to raise Park, which takes up most of the Jackson Jackson Lake Lodge and he told me how money for the purchase of undesirable Hole country. He was attending a meet- the establishment of Grand Teton Na- buildings failed. ing at the Grand Teton National Park tional Park came about. In 1924, Albright received word that Headquarters, at Moose, which was try- In 1919, he was delighted when John D. Rockefeller Jr., was coming to ing to determine why Teton Park, for offered the job as superintendent of Yel- visit Yellowstone Park. He arrived by the second year in a row, had more visi- lowstone Park. While at Yellowstone he Northern Pacific railroad with his sons, tors last year (1964) than Yellowstone. went frequently down to the Jackson John D. Ill, 18, Nelson, 16 and Lau-

20 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • J ULY 1965 ,

rence, 14. His visit, amidst the beauty only. Hunting, with a very few special lies who come to the camps in this park and fantastic wonders of the place, was exceptions, is forbidden in National have had very little camping experience enthusiastic. When he got back to New Parks.) and we have to anticipate their needs. York he wrote a letter pointing out that In 1950 Congress created the Grand Any one who wants to be less confined the roadsides were untidy and that he Teton National Park, which includes can do their camping in the thousands of would pay for a cleanup program. Al- about 90% of the land in Jackson Hole, square miles of national forest which bright put a crew to work cleaning up and Horace Albright's 30-year-old surround the Grand Teton National the brush and sent a bill for $48,000. dream had come true. Park, where they can go for days without

Mr. Rockefeller, with his wife and Looking out over Jackson Lake we meeting anyone. And I do think that two of the boys, returned in 1926 to see could see some fishing boats trolling for most people would be surprised to learn the road job, and he was delighted with the big Mackinaw trout, which occasion- that of Yellowstone's 3,500 square miles, only 10% is used by the general public, and of Teton National Park's 400 square miles, only 20% is used by the average visitor." Today, inside the park and out, the accommodations in the valley include about everything you can name. There are the dozens of motels in the roaring town of Jackson, a score of dude ranches and lodges ranging from simple family style, unimproved cabins to the dude ranch that furnishes a fifth of Scotch and bourbon in each room. The Grand Teton Lodge Co., operated with Rockefeller funds, runs the huge Jackson Lake Lodge

which can accommodate 1 ,250 overnight guests; Jenny Lake Lodge, accommodat- ing only 70 guests in rustic cabins and pretty exclusive—with rates beginning at $30 a day minimum for one including breakfast and dinner—and Colter Bay Village, the main campground in the park. Referring to Jenny Lake Lodge, Al- ". bright said: . . we feel that it is demo- cratic to have a place in the park where those who can afford privacy and service

can get it. They like this country, too." Recent visitors at Jenny: IBM head Thomas Watson Jr., Secretary of De- fense Robert McNamara, atom scientist Dr. Edward Teller and Walt Disney. At Colter Bay Village, on Jackson Lake facing the Tetons, the American Jackson Lake, largest of six in the Park, and Mt. Moran, as seen from the Jackson Lake Lodge. camping public gets a lot for its money.

what had been accomplished. Albright ally come over 30 pounds in the blue By paying the park entrance fee of $ 1 decided that the moment had come to depths. Other boats prowled around the a man may bring his tent or camper into take Mr. and Mrs. Rockefeller down into 20-mile-long lake and a few water skiers the camping area, where there are 400 Jackson Hole and to reveal his dream. sped along the surface, facing a plunge sites in a wooded grove, and set up his The result was that through Rockefeller's into the very cold water. family for as long as three weeks ab- efforts 33,000 acres of land were ac- "There wasn't anything like this when solutely free. There will be a table and

quired in the valley, but it was a long I came through here 20-odd years ago," a cooking fireplace at his disposal.

and tedious process. I said. Nearby will be running water, shower Albright, who in 1929 became director "No," said Mr. Albright, "and lots of and toilet facilities and a coin laundro- of the National Park Service, helped get people say we have spoiled the place. mat. It is a very happy place for young

a bill passed creating the Grand Teton Yet if we had not bought up the land parents and their children, the people

National Park, succeeding at the same in the valley it would now be filled with who compose the largest number of time in getting the great mountain range snake pits, trout havens, souvenir shops campers. Colter Bay Village also has a transferred from the National Forest and the usual clutter of billboards. The museum, a cafeteria, swimming, hiking,

Service to the National Park Service. object is to keep the place as unspoiled fishing and boating. There is a grocery (Difference between the two services: as possible. With the population increase, store whose sale of marshmallows and

The first has authority to lease land for the annual rise in the sale of cars, the hot dogs is astronomical. There is a tap

a number of uses such as grazing, mining, construction of new roads and the efforts room with 6 1 different kinds of beer from erection of ski lodges, hunting, as well of people to get farther afield from the 26 different countries including Greece. as the setting up of public campsites cities, provisions have to be made to take Tahiti and the Isle of Man. The camp and picnic areas. The Park Service runs care of them in our national parks and grounds are supervised by park rangers. those federally owned lands which have forests. After all, they belong to them. At Colter Bay Village, if you do not been set aside to be preserved in their "Some people complain about too have your own camping equipment, you natural state and dedicated to recreation many regulations. Yet most of the fami- (Continued on page 48)

THE AM ERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1965 21 WASHINGTON PRO & CON OPPOSING VIEWS ON INCREASING TRADE WITH EASTERN

SHOULD WE EXPAND TRADE

Rep. Patsy T. Mink (D-Hawaii) Most of the restrictions on Soviet bloc trade in the At large Export Control Act of 1949 have failed to accomplish believe IT is just as logical their original purpose—to deny the Soviets industrial I and favorable to our national technology which was once available only in the United interest to explore ways of in- States. Such goods now are readily available from creasing trade with the nations other nations.

of Eastern Europe as it is to No responsible American group wants to relax re- continue rigid application and strictions on the movement of military or strategic enforcement of our total trade commodities to the East. embargoes against the belliger- More and more, however, a case is being made for ent and aggressive members of the red bloc in the the sale of non-strategic materials on the grounds that Far East. our balance-of-payments deficit will be reduced and Our present network of restrictions of trade with the United States can benefit from specific importa- the communist countries rests on a patchwork built tions. up over the years, and needs comprehensive review. The easing of restrictions is not likely to result in President Johnson, in his State of the Union mes- an extensive increase in trade between the United sage, said the United States seeks "peaceful under- States and the Soviet bloc. Dollars are simply not avail- standings" with Russia that could "lessen the danger able in the Eastern bloc for extensive purchases and to freedom." He has established an advisory committee the East has little we would wish to buy. to study means of expanding East-West trade and in- Problems regarding the lack of legal protection in creasing peaceful trade with the Soviet bloc. the East for patents and copyrights would have to be These actions, and the national climate from which solved. So the easing of trade restrictions is likely to they come, reflect a growing awareness that trade of have only a limited effect on the Soviet economy. non-strategic materials might be a powerful factor in Foreign trade as an instrument of foreign policy na- increasing international understanding as it already must be geared primarily to the general welfare, has done in Poland. Trade concessions to Yugoslavia tional security and economic strength of this country. and Romania have shown the remainder of the Soviet It should not be tied to outmoded conditions, momen- satellite bloc that more friendly relations with the tary irritations or the expectation of making a fast United States can be rewarding. Naturally, tangible dollar. and advantageous concessions to the United States are The expansion of East-West trade could strengthen expected in return. America's leadership in international affairs, not only We are talking about trade, not aid. What most of economically but politically and morally. our trade restrictions now accomplish is to deny to American manufacturers and farmers the opportunity to participate in trade which is being more and more sought by our allies.

If you wish to let your Congressman or one of your Senators know how you feel

on this big issue, fill out the "ballot" on the facing page and mail it to him

22 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1965 EUROPEAN NATIONS BY REP. PATSY T. MINK, HAWAII, AND SEN. PETER H. DOMINICK, COLO.

WITH SOVIET BLOC COUNTRIES?

gates of trade at this point would be to fulfill their Sen. Peter H. Dominick (R-Colo.) desperate needs and thereby strengthen their grip on NATION DESIRING to the millions of captive people they now control. As ANY aid strengthen and expand its former Senator Goldwater correctly stated, "U.S. economy must develop the capa- to Communist countries helps them avoid paying the bility to conduct vigorous trade full price of being Communists." on the world market. In today's Trade, in the international context, is a form of bi- complex and interdependent lateral aid which in this case would bring us a few only world, this axiom is recognized dollars in the short run, but would compound almost universally and followed our problems in facing the challenge of world-wide to varying degrees by different nations. communism in the future years. Nations must determine their trade policies on the Proponents of such trade frequently hark back to basis of whether or not such activities will be in their the fallacious "fat communist" theory, in which trade aid to is justified the over-all best interest. The United States is now faced or communist nations on grounds with a situation wherein the complexities of inter- that affluent societies can neither become nor remain national trade are further complicated by a bloc of communistic. This argument was demolished when nations openly determined to destroy us. In adopting Castro became the communist dictator of Cuba, one of any trade policy, we overlook this vital point at our the most affluent of all Latin American countries prior own peril. to his ascendancy. Even now his continuance in power The Soviet bloc has only one reason for desiring has been aided to some extent by the arrival in Havana trade with the United States and the free world; last spring of Canadian wheat. Had it not been for our namely, to strengthen and expand its own economic- sale of surplus American wheat to the Soviet Union, political position throughout the world. To aid this much of that Canadian wheat would have gone for process, knowing all the while the ultimate objective Soviet consumption. of the Soviet bloc, is to aid an acknowledged and ad- As long as Americans are forced into this cruel, un- mitted enemy. We have continually, and correctly, re- wanted and unjust Cold War by the communists, we fused to trade extensively with the Soviet bloc for this would be foolhardy indeed to jack up the weakest link very reason and there has been no change in the posi- in the communist chain. Rather our efforts should be tion of the communists to warrant a reversal in this in the direction of breaking that chain which threatens long established and singularly successful policy. to strangle the entire world. On the contrary, the exact opposite is true, for the economy of the communist bloc nations has now reached the point where its growth is becoming in- 4 creasingly more dependent upon the materials and products of the free world nations. To open the flood

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE.

IN MY OPINION WE I have read in The American Legion Magazine SHOULD SHOULD NOT EXPAND TRADE WITH SOVIET DLOC COUNTRIES

for July the arguments in PRO & CON: Should SIGNED

We Expand Trade With Soviet Bloc Countries? ADDRESS

TOWN STATE.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1965 23 FROM THE ORIGINAL PAINTING BY J. TRUMBULL By T. R. FEHRENBACH

the 7th of June, 1776. a Onslender, keen-eyed Virginia aris- tocrat named Richard Henry Lee rose to place a resolution before the Sec- ond Continental Congress of the United Colonies of North America, meeting in State House off Chestnut Street, in Phila- £3* delphia. Lee had his instructions from the Virginia Assembly, and he would fulfill them, but this was one of the hard- est days of his life. The 13 British colo- nies of America were already far gone in rebellion against what they considered the tyranny of the English Parliament. The shots heard round the world had been fired at Lexington and Concord; blood had flowed at Breed's Hill in Bos- ton.

Lee still believed there was time to compromise with the British Govern- ment. But. acting on instructions of his State, he stood and proposed: "That these United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent States, that they are absolved from all allegiance to the British Crown, and that all politi- cal connection between them and the

State of Great Britain is, and ought to be, totally dissolved." This was no longer opposition to Par- liament. It was revolution against the Crown. American histories sometimes gloss over the fact that passage of the Dec- laration of Independence was by no

What XZet Who Signed the

means assured. Many of the men assem- Few people know the terrible penalties bled in Philadelphia were at best reluc- tant rebels. There were many moderates among them, men desperately aware of, and fearful of, the fruits of war. Imme- that many of the signers were made to pay. diately after Lee made his proposal, a majority of the Congress stood against

it. It took four days of the passion and brilliance of the Adamses of Massa- cock, set to work. What happened be- Independence, even though some states chusetts and other patriots such as Vir- tween then and the evening of July 4, held back to the last, and finally four ginian Thomas Jefferson to secure a bare 1776, when a vote for adoption of one delegates resigned rather than approve majority of one—and then, on a South of the world's great documents was car- such a move. Carolina resolution, the matter was post- ried unanimously, has filled many books. After four world-shaking days in July, poned until the 1st of July. Some of the story—the quarrels, com- Thomas Jefferson's shining document Many men hoped it had been post- promises, controversies and back-room was adopted without a dissenting vote, poned forever. But John Adams shrewdly conferences—as Adams admitted, would and on July 4, John Hancock signed it gave Thomas Jefferson—unquestionably never be told. as President of Congress, Charles Thom- the best writer in Congress, and perhaps What happened was that in the course son, Secretary, attesting. Four days later, the man with the fewest political enemies of human events the hour had grown July 8, "freedom was proclaimed —the task of drafting a Declaration of later than many of the gentlemen sitting throughout the land." Independence, and, meanwhile, with his in Philadelphia had realized. State after The Declaration of Independence was fellow Massachusetts man, John Han- state instructed delegates to stand for ordered engrossed on parchment, and

24 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • J ULY 1965 — —

ASIIER B. DURAND—ENGRAVER

One by one, they stepped up and signed the treasonable document. "My hand trembles, but my heart does not!" said Stephen Hopkins.

Declaration of Independence?

August 2, 1776, was set for its formal or politicians. With only a very few ex- price of 500 pounds on his head, signed signing by the 56 members of Congress. ceptions, like Samuel Adams of Massa- in enormous letters, so "that His Majesty The actual signing of such a document, chusetts, whom well-wishers furnished a could now read his name without glasses, under British or any other law of the new suit so he might be presentable in and could now double the reward." time, was a formal act of treason against Congress, they were men of substantial There was more than one reference to the Crown. But every member eventually property. All but two had families, and gallows humor that day in August. —some were absent on August 2 the vast majority were men of education Ben Franklin said, "Indeed we must signed. and standing. In general, each came from all hang together. Otherwise we shall What sort of men were these, who what would now be called the "power most assuredly hang separately." pledged their "Lives, Fortunes, and structure" of his home state. They had And fat Benjamin Harrison of Vir-

Sacred Honor," with a British fleet al- security as few men had it in the 18th ginia told tiny Elbridge Gerry of Massa-

ready at anchor in New York harbor? century. chusetts, "With me it will all be over in For rebels, they were a strange breed. Each man had far more to lose from a minute. But you, you'll be dancing on

Almost all of them had a great deal of revolution than he had to gain from it air an hour after I'm gone!" These men all three things they pledged. Ben Frank- except where principle and honor were knew what they risked. The penalty for lin was the only really old man among concerned. It was principle, not property, treason was death by hanging. them; 18 were still under 40, and three that brought these men to Philadelphia. William Ellery of Rhode Island was still in their twenties. Twenty-four were In no other light can the American Revo- curious to see the signers' faces as they jurists or lawyers. Eleven were mer- lution be understood. committed this supreme act of courage. chants, and nine were landowners or rich John Hancock, who had inherited a He inched his way close to the secretary farmers. The rest were doctors, ministers great fortune and who already had a who held the parchment and watched in-

THE AM ERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1965 25 D What happened to the men who signed the Declaration of Independence?

HARPER'S MAGAZINE tently. He saw some men sign quickly, 1853 to get it done with, and others dramati- cally draw the moment out. But in no face, as he said, was he able to discern real fear. Stephen Hopkins, Ellery's col- league from Rhode Island, was a man past 60 and signed with a shaking hand. But he snapped, "My hand trembles, but my heart does not!" These men were all human, and there- fore fallible. The regionalism, backbit- ing, worries, nepotism and controversies among this Congress have all had their chroniclers. Perhaps, as Charles Thom- son once admitted, the new nation was "wholly indebted to the agency of Provi- dence for its successful issue." But whether America was made by Provi- dence or men, these 56, each in his own way, represented the genius of the Ameri- can people, already making something new upon this continent. Whatever else they did, they formal- ized what had been a brush-popping re- volt and gave it life and meaning, and created a new nation, through one su- preme act of courage. Everyone knows what came of the nation they set in mo- tion that day. Ironically, not many Americans know what became of these men, or even who they were. Some prospered. Thomas Jefferson and John Adams went on to become Presidents. Samuel Adams, John Han- cock, Josiah Bartlett, Oliver Wolcott, Edward Rutledge, Benjamin Harrison and Elbridge Gerry lived to become state governors. Gerry died in office as Mon- roe's Vice President. Charles Carroll of Carrollton, Md., who was the richest man in Congress in 1 776, and who risked the most, founded the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad in 1828. Most Americans have heard these names. Other signers were not so fortunate.

The British, even before the list was published, marked down all members of Congress suspected of having put their names to treason. They all became the objects of vicious manhunts. Some were taken; some, like Jefferson, had narrow escapes. All of those who had families or property in areas where British power flowed during the war which followed, suffered. None actually was hanged. There were SIGNERS OF THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE. too many Britons, like William Pitt, the With hardly an exception, each had more to lose from revolution than to gain. old Earl of Chatham, who even during a vicious and brutal war would not have homes. By August 2, 1776, the govern- battle, Washington's untrained militia stood for that. But in 1776, the war had ment of New York had already evacu- was driven back to Harlem Heights. almost eight grueling years to run, and ated New York City for White Plains. British and Hessian soldiers now plun- the signers suffered. Their fortunes were When they put their names to the Decla- dered the mansion of signer Francis caught up in the fortunes of war. ration, the four from New York must Lewis at Whitestone; they set it afire and The four delegates from New York have known that they were in effect sign- carried his wife away. Mrs. Lewis was State were all men of vast property, and ing their property away. treated with great brutality. Though she they signed the Declaration with a Brit- The British landed three divisions on was exchanged for two British prisoners ish fleet standing only miles from their Long Island on August 27. In a bloody through the efforts of Congress, she died

26 TH E AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JU LY 1965 »

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from the effects of what had been done The fourth New Yorker, Lewis Mor- to her. ris of Westchester County, saw all his British troops next occupied the ex- timber, crops and livestock taken, and tensive estate of William Floyd, though he was barred from his home for seven his wife and children were able to escape years. He continued fighting as a briga- across Long Island Sound to Connecti- dier general in the New York militia. cut. Here they lived as refugees for seven As Washington's men commenced years, without income, and eventually their painful retreat across New Jersey,

came home to find a devastated ruin, it began to seem that the Revolution "despoiled of almost everything but the would fail. Now American Tories or naked soil." Loyalists to the Crown began to make Signer Philip Livingston came from a themselves known, helping the advanc- baronial New York family, and Living- ing British and Hessians to ferret out the ston himself had built up an immensely property and families of the Jersey sign- lucrative import business. All his busi- ers. When John Hart of Trenton risked ness property in New York City was coming to the bedside of his dying wife, seized as Washington retreated south to he was betrayed. Jersey, and Livingston's town house on Hessians rode after Hart. He escaped Duke Street and his country estate on into the woods, but the soldiers rampaged Brooklyn Heights were confiscated. Liv- over his large farm, tearing down his ingston's family was driven out, becom- grist mills, wrecking his house, while ing homeless refugees, while he himself Mrs. Hart lay on her deathbed. Hart, a continued to sell off his remaining prop- man of 65, was hunted down across the erty in an effort to maintain the United countryside and slept in caves and woods, The committee of five, assigned to work on States' credit. Livingston died in 1778, accompanied only by a dog. a Declaration: Jefferson, Franklin, John Adams, Robert Livingston and Roger Sherman. still working in Congress for the cause. (Continued on page 50) THE AM ERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1965 27

ONE OF4 CONVERTIBLES Once again, Seagram Posts 658, California, 807, Illinois, and 1283, New York have donated 4 new convertibles to the American Legion Convention Corp. When you win, your post wins an extra $250, also donated by the Seagram Posts. Drawings will be held and the cars awarded Sunday, August 22, 1965 during the BY Drum and Bugle Corps Finals of the THE American Legion National Convention in Portland. Here's all you have to do to win: Send in a signed official coupon (or mail a postcard or letter using the coupon as a guide). All entries must be received no later than midnight August 20, 1965. No puzzle! Not a contest! No need to be POSTS at the Convention to win.

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Signature. *

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1965 29 bleach bottle filled with wet sand. The an- chor rope is tied to its handle. It has other

advantages. Since the plastic is soft, it won't ROD & GUN mar the boat when you pull it up. And it CLUB won't make noise to scare fish. Another handy bleach bottle tip: Cut the bottle in half for a boat bailer with a handle.

Navigation HANDY TOOL FOR ANGLERS is a cro Animal It chet hook. will help you unsnarl a back- lash on a bait-casting reel, and loosen knots in monofilament. F. Hutchinson of Green- field, Illinois, has designed a retractable How do homing pigeons find their way COOK UP A BATCH OF TARGETS one. Take an old ball-point pen, snip off the home? And salmon return to their when you want shooting practice with your point to make a larger opening, remove the stream And waterfowl follow their flyways? shotgun or .22 rifle, suggests Greg Martin ink cartridge and substitute a size 3 or 4 These questions have mystified scientists. of Marshfield, Wisconsin. And he means crochet hook with its handle cut down so And there are other mysterious animal navi- "cook." Mix Wi cups of flour, Vi cup of it's the same length as the ink cartridge. gators. The green sea turtle swims 1,400 salt and enough water to make a soft dough. Clips to your pocket. miles from Ascension Island in the South Add some vegetable coloring to the water Atlantic to the coast of Brazil and then back if you want tinted targets. Shape into pat- IF HAVE A HARD-HEADED to tiny Ascension to breed. The Adelie pen- ties of desired size, then bake until hard or YOU HUNTING DOG, you'll have a use for a guin plods hundreds of miles across the Ant- simply let dry overnight on newspaper. Toss new gadget called, Remote Control Elec- arctic ice to its nesting area. The golden them for shotgun shooting. They powder tronic Trainer. It's a small electronic plover flies thousands of miles down the nicely when hit by a bullet or scattershot. shocker that fits on the dog's collar. When Americas to winter in Argentina. And the he disobeys, press a button on a small radio "painted lady" butterfly travels so far it STEERING AN OUTBOARD and han transmitter carried in your hand and he makes the journey in generations, each gen- dling a fishing rod at the same time require gets a shock. It's harmless, more humane eration flying part of the distance. And there one more hand than you have, but a new than the choke collar endorsed by humane are many more. invention has solved the problem. It's a foot societies, and a most effective training de- Now science is learning that animals navi- vice since the dog doesn't associate the gate just as man does. Some use pilotage, shock with its trainer, only with its dis- following landmarks. At least one uses dead obedience. Model 311, with a Vs to Vi-mile reckoning, computing time, direction and range, costs $129.95. Available from Bill distance. And many use celestial navigation, Boatman & Co., South Maple St., Bain- using the sun or stars as references. Usual- bridge, Ohio. ly, their long trips aim at a proven breeding ground, or a suitable climate area for the A CONVENIENT SOURCE OF SINK- season. ERS for fishing is a service station that The bird dog finds its way by landmarks, does automobile wheel balancing, says Mrs. visual and chemical ones which it scents. James Casal, Sr., of San Diego, California. The hound uses scent only, as does the sal- The discarded lead weights from the wheels mon. The green turtle may use both smell make excellent sinkers just as they are; they and sun bearings. Bats, porpoises and some have clips that can be fastened to a fishing fish and birds have special senses of echo line. Also, as is known to shooters who re- location and guide themselves by echoing Angler's right foot is on Troll-Eze. load their own cartridges, the melted lead sound waves. can be cast into hard bullets. It has been proved that starlings and control, called Troll-Eze, that fastens to warblers use a kind of light compass to your motor and enables you to steer it with FINDING FISH WOULD BE EASIER if navigate at night by celestial navigation. your foot, leaving your hands free. It's you could look into the water and see them. In experiments in a planetarium, when cer- quickly attached, costs $9.95. Maker is Gary Davison of Los Angeles, California, tain constellations of stars were projected Aldor Manufacturing Company, Box 5374, has a method of doing just that. He uses a on the dome, starlings restless and became Tulsa, Oklahoma. section of stove pipe, painted black on the tried to begin their migration. The direction inside. He immerses one end in the water in which they tried to fly depended on how STALKING LUNKERS in the lily pads over the side of the boat, and holding his the star pattern was turned. Birds that mi- with a boat that has noisy oarlocks is a los- face close to the top end to block out as grate by day, science believes, navigate by ing game, but Ed Simpson of Dixon, Illi- much light as possible, he looks down the sun. Waterfowl do this to a certain ex- nois, has the remedy, a guaranteed oarlock through it. The bottom and the fish, if not tend, but often use landmarks they more see silencer. He carries with him a roll of inch- too deep, are cleary visible. below. It isn't often or flies a duck goose wide gauze that has been soaked in melted above a heavy cloud cover. paraffin. When an oarlock gets noisy, he IF YOU FISH IN SHARK WATERS, and use a kind of reckoning. Bees dead They wraps a few turns of it around the oar where they steal your catch before you can boat don't fly in beelines; their routes are zig- it fits in the lock, and ties it like a bandage. it, try the remedy offered by William Quincy zag. They remember both landmarks and Result: soundproof oar with built-in lubri- of Perry, Illinois. When he goes ocean fish- directions, and take bearings on the sun. A cation. ing he carries with him a supply of news- German scientist, Karl von Frisch, discov- paper, and if sharks get nosey, he soaks ered that when a bee has found honey or IF YOU'RE TIRED OF DIGGING some paper in fish blood, rolls it up and it to a nectar source, returns the hive and WORMS for fishing, try the easy method throws it overboard. The current or wake performs a vertical, circular dance, now and used by Alex Mish of Edison, Pennsylvania. of the boat carries it away and the sharks then dancing straight across the circle. The In a shady spot, pile some hay or grass from with it. They worry it long enough to forget angle that straight line makes with the ver- a mowed lawn, wet it with water a few about his boat. tical tells the other bees where it is located. times, then let it set for a week or more. If you have a helpful idea for this feature Do some animals have a built-in magnetic When you want worms, just lift off the hay send it in. If we can use it we'll pay you compass? Science doesn't yet know. Cats and there they'll be. Just pick 'em up. $5.00. However, we cannot acknowledge, re- have. can explain may No one how you can turn, or enter into correspondence concern- leave a cat a dozen miles from home and NEED A SMALL INEXPENSIVE BOAT ing contributions. Address: Outdoor Editor. the next morning find it waiting for you on ANCHOR? T. Jeff Hill of Warm Springs, The American Legion Magazine, 720 Fifth your front porch! Georgia, has the answer. He uses a plastic Ave., New York, N. Y. 10019.

30 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • J UL-Y 1965 A DIGEST OF EVENTS WHICH VETERANS NEWSLETTER ARE OF PERSONAL INTEREST TO YOU 5

MAJOR DECISIONS ON VETS AFFAIRS Oreg. WAIT RESULT OF PRETTYMAN REPORT: (4) That the following domiciliaries

The deadline for Newsletter in this ordered closed be closed : Thomasville,

issue every year always comes at the Ga. ; Clinton, Iowa.

"iffiest" time of year . . . Much is (5) That at least one VA regional pending ana little is final as Congress office be kept open in each state,

moves into early summer . . . Very which would mean a recommendation to little is either passed or rejected, keep o pen the offices ordered closed

and bills are moving around in and at: Wilmington, Del. ; Reno, Nev. ; White

out of committees . . . Veterans River Junction, Vt. ; Manchester, N.H. ;

bills are more in a state of suspended Sioux Falls, S. Dak. ; Fargo, N. Dak. ; animation at presstime than is usual Juneau, Alaska, and Cheyenne, Wyo. this time of year, for the reason that And to close the regional offices at:

as we go to press the President has Albany, N.Y. ; Syracuse, N.Y. ; Wilkes- not yet said anything about what the Barre, Pa.; Cincinnati, Ohio; Kansas

Prettyman Committee reported to him or City, Mo. ; Shreveport, La. ; Lubbock,

his decision on it . . . Meanwhile up Tex. ; and San Antonio, Tex. on Capitol Hill most vets legislation that is apt to move is waiting on HOUSE VOTES MONEY TO KEEP the same thing. ALL VA INSTALLATIONS OPEN: The Prettyman Committee has reported The House of Representatives has to the President on its findings with added a rider to an appropriation bill respect to the VA order last January providing $23.5 million to finance the to close 31 VA installations . . . The continued operation of all 31 VA in- order resulted in so much protest in stallations ordered closed in January

the land and in Congress that the . . . The rider simply makes the money President said that "conflicting available in case the President re- statements of fact" had "raised some scinds the closing order (see item doubts in his mind" about the closing above) ... It doesn't have the effect order ... He temporarily suspended of keeping the installations open. the VA order and appointed the Prettyman Committee to give him an independent SENATE COMMITTEE OKAYS report . . . Probably when you read COLD WAR Gl BILL: these words the President will have The Senate Labor and Public Welfare revealed what was recommended and what Committee favorably reported out a

he proposes to do about the VA closings "Cold War GI Bill" on May 25 . . . The . . . Strictly unofficial news reports bill, sponsored by Sen. Ralph Yar- and leaks from Prettyman Committee borough, of Texas, with more than 40 members had earlier intimated that it co-sponsors, was voted out of commit- would recommend as follows: tee 11-5. (1) That the following VA hospitals The bill would grant educational and ordered closed be kept o pen : Miles home loan benefits to about five mil-

City, Mont. ; Castle Point, N.Y. ; Grand lion "cold war" veterans who had at

Junction, Colo. ; Bath, N.Y. ; Lincoln, least 180 days active service between Nebr. . . . "Inside sources" also dis- Jan. 31, 1955 and July 1, 1967 . . . puted whether or not the committee The first date is the terminal date would recommend keeping the Bayard, of the Korean GI Bill service-eligi-

N. Mex. , hospital open. bility and the final date is the ex- (2) That the following VA hospitals piration date of the present draft act

ordered closed b_e closed : McKinney, . . . The educational benefits would

Tex. ; Sunmount (Tupper Lake), N.Y. ; allow educational payments at a mini- Broadview Heights, Ohio; Dwight, 111.; mum of $110 a month for school-going

Rutland Heights, Mass. ; and possibly "cold war vets," for as long as 36 Bayard, N. Mex. months, depending on length of service (3) That the following VA soldiers ... It would also provide for GI

homes ( domiciliaries ) ordered closed home and farm loans, both GI guaranteed

be kept open : Bath, N.Y. ; White City, loans and direct government loans, (more)

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1965 CONTINUED VETERANS NEWSLETTER

A similar bill has passed the Senate cord the Social Security numbers of

in the past but has never passed the its hospital patients . . . VA says House. that it frequently has to communicate with other government agencies with 457th BOMB GROUP NEEDS HELP respect to its patients, and that FROM VETS TO COMPILE HISTORY: Social Security numbers comprise the Former members of the WW2 457th Bomb one standard identification system that Group are asked to help furnish in- can be used most effectively between formation for a projected history of agencies . . . The Internal Revenue Service has, of course, already that outfit . . . Write: J^ Graham, re- sorted to identifying taxpayers by 4422 Priscilla, Indianap olis , Ind. 46226 their Social Security numbers . . . The Civil Service Commission is now considering identifying EDUCATION AID LOYALTY OATH its retirees by their Social Security numbers . . . AGAIN PROPOSED FOR REPEAL: In the realm of speculation, rumors Congressman Ogden Reid (N.Y. ) has are being circulated that Social Se- introduced another bill to repeal the curity numbers may eventually be as- loyalty oath in the National Defense signed at birth and registered on Education Act of 1958 . . . His bill birth certificates. (HR8330) was favorably reported out of the House Education and Labor Commit- SENATE COMMITTEE PROPOSES tee without hearings the same day it RAISING VA HOSPITAL CEILING: was introduced . . . The American The Senate Committee on Labor and Legion opposes the bill, supports the Welfare has approved a resolution that loyalty oath in the original act would put Congress on record favoring which, for purposes of national de- a bed-limit in the Veterans Adminis- fense, affords federal education loans tration hospitals of 130,000 beds . . . to students. It would raise the present limit by

5,000 . . . The present 125,000 bed LEGION URGES PRESIDENT TO PREFER limit was placed administratively by FEIGHAN'S IMMIGRATION BILL: President Eisenhower, and is not used National Commander of The American to the limit by the VA . . . The reso- Legion Donald E. Johnson urged the lution is a reaction in the Senate to President in writing on June 4 to sup- the Budget Bureau's pressure on the port the immigration bill of Rep. VA to close hospitals, and would place Michael Feighan, of Ohio (HR8662) in on the record the intent of Congress preference to the Administration sup- with respect to the maintenance of ported "Celler Bill" (HR2580) . . . adequate beds for eligible veterans. Rep. Feighan, chairman of the House Subcommittee on Immigration and Na- BILL PROPOSES THAT VETS' tionality, introduced the new bill CHILDREN MAY "INHERIT" UNUSED after lengthy hearings on the Celler Gl EDUCATION ENTITLEMENTS: Bill . . . National Commander Johnson Rep. Teno Roncalio, of Wyoming, has told President Johnson that "we think introduced a bill in Congress which it is an improvement on the Celler would permit WW2 and Korea veterans Bill." ... It is, he said, "more to pass on to their children any GI compatible with the Legion's position education entitlement which they didn't as outlined in recent testimony." . . . use themselves . . . The bill (HR7399) (Newsletter regrets the impossibility was referred to the House Veterans of comparing the content of the two Affairs Committee following its intro- bills in this space.) duction on April 13.

GOV'T INCREASES USE OF SOCIAL LEGION RENEWS DISASTER SECURITY NUMBERS AS PERSONAL AGREEMENT WITH RED CROSS: IDENTIFICATION OF CITIZENS: The American Legion and the Red The use of Social Security numbers Cross have renewed their long standing as a means of identifying individual agreement on their respective func- citizens by the Federal government tions when working together on local

continues to grow . . . Next January disaster relief . . . The agreement the Veterans Administration will re- has been kept in force since 1926.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY- 1965 —

OF THE NEWS AMERICAN LEGION AND VETERANS AFFAIRS JULY 1965

McCarran-Walter Immigration and Na- Nat'l Exec Committee Adopts tionality Act. Americanism awarded the following 52 Resolutions at May Meeting Legion Baseball Regional Tournament^ for 1966:

Regional 1, Manchester, N.H.; Re-

Asks Presidenttocut Budget Bureau power; commends gional 2, Bridgeton, N.J.; Regional 3, his Dominican moves; opposes VA "cross-servicing." Hampton, Va.; Regional 4, Memphis, Tenn.; Regional 5, Athens, Ohio; Re- The annual spring meeting of The An Ad Hoc Committee was authorized gional 6, Bismarck, N. Dak.; Regional

American Legion's National Executive to investigate the feasibility of establish- 7, Sheridan, Wyo.; and Regional 8, Committee was held at National Head- ing a National American Legion Bowling Phoenix, Ariz. quarters in Indianapolis, Ind., May 5-6, Tournament. The American Legion The 1966 Legion World Series, pre- 1965. The NEC adopted 52 resolutions Pioneer Award was also authorized, to viously awarded to Orangeburg, S.C., which are digested on page 34. be given to those who significantly help was confirmed for Aug. 28-Sept. 4. The Committee approved a Rehab create and charter new Legion Posts. The 1967 Legion World Series was resolution petitioning President Lyndon The Special Membership Eligibility awarded to Memphis, Tenn. Memphis

B. Johnson to curtail the power of the Study Committee (solely a fact-finding Post 1 will be the host. Bureau of the Budget in its unauthorized body), submitted its report to the Nat'l The Department of New Hampshire effort to originate and influence policies Executive Committee on the feasibility will host the 1966 American Legion Na- and practices of other agencies of the of changing eligibility requirements to tional High School Oratorical Contest government. The resolution further pe- admit Cold War veterans. Sole authority Finals on Thursday, April 7 at Henniker, titions the President to negate and cancel to change eligibility requirements rests N.H. the Budget Bureau's attempt to close 3 1 with the National Convention. The National Convention Commis- Veterans Administration facilities. The Nat'l Executive Committee ap- sion reported that The American Legion Other Rehab resolutions urged a proved a Foreign Relations Commission National Convention schedule stands as "floor" of 17,000 domiciliary beds, and resolution commending President John- follows: Washington, D.C., Aug. 26- a "floor" of 125,000 VA hospital beds. son's prompt and decisive action in send- Sept. 1, 1966; and New York, N.Y., Present legislation calls for a maximum ing U.S. troops to protect American lives Sept. 1-7, 1967. of 125,000 hospital beds. and property in the rebellion in the Do- The Nat'l Executive Committee con- Also opposed was "cross-servicing" minican Republic. firmed Oct. 6-7 for its fall meeting, and the hospitalizing of non-veterans in VA The Americanism Commission re- Oct. 4-5 for the Department Com- hospitals—thereby delaying or denying ported on its programs. Among its manders and Adjutants meeting. eligible war veterans. resolutions was one supporting the {Continued on next page)

American Legion Funds At Work In Rehab And Americanism

ft

|at'l Cmdr Donald E. Johnson accepts two checks on behalf minimum guarantee check for the 1965 Legion Baseball World of American Legion programs at spring meeting. Photo left Series at Aberdeen. S.D., from Series Gen'l Chmn Ed Ridgway. shows Legion Auxiliary President Mrs. Walter W. Andrews pre- Looking on: (1 to r) Sidney H. Schwartz. Chmn of the Baseball senting him with a sackful of seed corn representing $50,000 and Recreation Subcommittee of the Americanism Commission; donated by the Auxiliary for use in veteran rehabilitation and Daniel J. O'Connor. Nat'l Americanism Commission Chmn: and child welfare work. Photo right shows Johnson accepting $18,500 Glenn R. Green, Nat'l Executive Committeeman. South Dakota.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1965 33 NEWS

Digest of Resolutions Legion Officials Visit Southeast Asia Here is a digest of the 52 resolutions adopted by the National Executive Com- mittee at the spring, 1965 meetings.

AMERICANISM

18. Supports the J. Edgar Hoover Foundation and its administration of the J. Edgar Hoover Library at Freedoms Foundation, Valley Forge, Pa. 19. Opposes rallies and demonstrations against President Lyndon B. Johnson's Vietnam policy. 39. Baseball Certificate of Appreciation to Base- ball Commissioner Ford C. Frick. 40. Baseball Certificate of Appreciation to Frank L. Sieh, active in early formation of The American Legion Baseball Program. 41. Baseball Certificate of Appreciation to Frank G. McCormick, active in early formation of The American Legion Baseball Program. 42. Opposes civilian-manned police review boards. 43. Urges explanation of "The Pledge of Alle- giance To The Flag" in U.S. schools. 44. Supports the McCarran-Walter Immigration and Nationality Act.

CHILD WELFARE 34. Supports licensed day care facilities for chil- dren. 35. Urges departments and posts to stimulate the acquisition and development of suitable outdoor recreational sites for children. 36. Urges departments and posts to promote child safety programs. 37. Asks correction in inequities in federal reim- American Legion officials across demilitarized bursement formula for child welfare services. gaze zone into communist North Korea. 38. Endorses the principle of a Joint Commission Visit was part of a Southeast Asia military briefing and inspection tour during May. for Correctional Manpower and Training to study Above are: (1 to r) Nat'l Cmdr Donald E. Johnson, American Legion Mag. Publisher how to relieve the critical shortage of qualified James F. O'Neil. and Col. Ralph Wright. Chief of the Command's Armistice Affairs correctional personnel. UN Division. They also visited Singapore, Hong Kong, Japan. Australia, and were boarding ECONOMIC a helicopter near Bien Hoa air base, South Vietnam, on May 16 when the tragic munitions explosion took place. Cmdr Johnson returned May 26 and was summoned to the White 27. Opposes H.R. 6277, 89th Congress, which House to report to President Johnson on his impressions of U.S. activities in seeks to force Civil Service employees to sur- S. Vietnam. render their rights as guaranteed under the Vet- eians Preference Act of 1944.

LEGION LIFE INSURANCE AND TRUST plicants for nonservice disabled insurance obtain recoupment of severance pay at less than the certification of uninsurability from commercial full rate of disability compensation to ease 45. Approval to reimburse The American Legion insurance firms. economic hardship in an individual case. for life insurance expenses. 3. Urges the VA Administrator to assure that 30. Opposes "cross-servicing" and seeks legisla- regional offices follow established procedures in tion to prevent VA from hospitalizing non-vet- EMBLEM processing annual income questionnaires to erans at expense of veterans. avoid of February unnecessary suspense the 31. Seeks legislation directing the VA to operate 46. Regulations governing wearing The American check issuance. not less than 125,000 hospital beds. Legion cap, uniform and regalia. 4. Urges amendment of Title 38, U.S. Code, to 32. 47. Specifications, Opposes closing of domiciliaries and seeks bids and contracts for Emblem authorize payment of pension to the dependent Division merchandise. legislation to provide not less than 17,000 domi- wife and children of a veteran who has disap- ciliary beds. peared. 33. Seeks legislation to provide treatment in con- FOREIGN RELATIONS 5. Urges legislation to extend the delimiting date tract hospitals for veterans residing in Alaska for veterans to apply for a correction of a mili- 52. Supports U.S. action for nonservice-connected illness. in the Dominican Re- tary, naval, or air service record. public crisis. 51. Petitions President Johnson to curb the power 6. Supports legislation to establish eligibility to of The Bureau of The Budget. VA benefits to those veterans conditionally dis- INTERNAL AFFAIRS charged or released from active service who immediately re-enter such service. REORGANIZATION 25. Urges a Douglas MacArthur commemorative postage stamp. 7. Supports legislation to provide that members 29. Concerns policy on American Legion trophies, of the forces shall be retired in the highest 50. Sets policy and time limits with respect to armed awards or citations. satisfactorily held in armed force of resolutions presented to the National Convention grade any the United States. from department conventions. NATIONAL SECURITY 20. Urges policy to continue and expand a na- 8. Supports legislation to amend the Armed Forces Reserve Act to permit payment of the tional cemetery system. 48. Renews cooperative disaster relief agreement full amount of disability compensation to those 24. Transfers five American Legion posts from the between The American Legion and the American members involuntarily separated. Department of the District of Columbia to the National Red Cross. Department of Italy. 9. Supports legislation to provide that service- disabilities to "good 26. Creates The American Legion Pioneer Award connected be waived meet health" requirements for total disability coverage to recognize Legionnaires who help in chartering National Convention new posts. in certain NSLI policies. 49. Authorizes 10. Calls for the exemption of the proceeds of appointment of Ad Hoc Committee . Portland. Ore., the City of Roses, is to investigate the feasibility of establishing a government insurance from the imposition of National American Legion Bowling Tournament. federal estate tax. the host city for the 47th Annual Na- 11. Supports legislation to waive service-con- 21. Urges The American Legion to recognize the tional Convention of The American Le- poem "Veterans Retreat" as an appropriate nected disability for reinstatement of lapsed NSLI under certain conditions. poem for use at American Legion functions. gion and its Auxiliary, Aug. 20-26, 1965. 22. Selects recipients of the International Amity 12. Seeks to eliminate eligibility restriction for Award for 1965. payment of special one-time dividend on vet- This will be the second time the Na- insurance. 23. Corrects language in erans' special term "The Manual of Cere- tional Convention has been held in Ore- monies" of The American Legion. 13. Seeks legislation to limit the VA Adminis- trator's authority to adjust premium rates on gon. The last one, the 14th, was held reopened insurance. LEGISLATIVE 14. Calls for increased travel allowances for VA there in 1932. 28. Authorizes Legislative awards beneficiaries. to The Ameri- Headquarters hotel for The American can Legion Auxiliary. 15. Asks legislation to authorize the VA to per- form certain medical examinations for insurance Legion will be the Portland Hilton. The REHABILITATION purposes on a cost basis. 16. Seeks authorization for certain veterans bene- Sheraton Motor Inn will be the head- 1. Requests VA Administrator to fits for those members or authorize issu- former members of the quarters hotel for the Legion Auxiliary. ance of medical emergency signal device to armed services who are permanently retired for veterans whose critical medical problem is physical disability or receiving disability retire- Convention sessions will take place service-connected. ment pay. 2. Urges elimination of VA requirement that ap- 17. Seeks to amend VA regulations to permit Aug. 24-25-26 at the Portland Memorial 34 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JU LY 1965 —

Coliseum. The Auxiliary's business ses- All persons who obtain housing in The big parade steps off at 10:00 a.m., sions will be held at Benson Polytechnic Portland must pay the established regis- Mon., Aug. 23, from the parking lot of

High School. tration fee of $3.00 per person which the Memorial Coliseum. It passes National Headquarters Office will be applies to all Legionnaires, their wives, through the Coliseum, where general ad- at the Shrine Ballroom. Masonic Tem- and adult guests. mission seat tickets for the parade can ple, 1119 S. W. Park Ave., Portland, The registration fee for musical units be had for $1.00, crosses the Broadway

Ore. The Auxiliary Headquarters Office is $1.00 per person for actual partici- Bridge, and proceeds south on Broadway will be at the Sheraton Motor Inn. Both pants when registering as a group, but to the disbanding point at Main and offices will open Aug. 16. a $3.00 fee applies to wives and adult Broadway. The reviewing stand will be The American Legion's highest award, guests who accompany units. on the east side of Broadway adjacent the Distinguished Service Medal, will be Marching groups will be housed at to the Portland Hilton Hotel. (See p. 36 presented to James F. Byrnes of South Lewis & Clark College. for a map of the parade route.) Carolina, and posthumously to the late The combination Senior & Junior It is expected that over 10,000 march- former President Herbert C. Hoover. Drum & Bugle Corps Finals contest and ers, including some military units, will Byrnes, former Secretary of State under fireworks spectacular will be held Sun. take over five hours to pass a given point ex-President Harry S. Truman, and Aug. 22, at 7:00 p.m., at Multnomah on the 1 Va mile parade route. former Governor of South Carolina, will Civic Stadium. The Drum & Bugle Con- Legionnaires who attend the national accept the award in person. Herbert test will include the five top Senior convention—and can spare a day or Hoover, Jr., will his father. accept for groups and the five top Junior groups more for sightseeing—have a choice of

Other distinguished guests and speak- with each competing on its own level. 1 1 official tours offering activities on ers invited include: the Chief of Naval Multnomah Stadium holds 23.000 land, sea, or river. For full details on Operations, Admiral David L. Mc- people and tickets for the Finals are all 1 1 tours, a brochure may be had from Donald, USN; George Meany, President, priced at $2.50 and $2.00, with all seats "Tour Committee Chairman, American AFL-CIO; National Education Associa- being reserved. A discount coupon will Legion Nat'l Convention Corp., Masonic tion President Richard D. Batchelder; General Bruce Clark, representing the Boy Scouts of America; James F. Col- lins. President of the American Red Cross; Veterans Administrator William J. Driver; and Bob Feller, former base- ball pitcher for the Cleveland Indians. The American Legion Fourth Estate Awards will be presented to ABC Net- work news commentator Paul Harvey, Clark Mollenhoff, Washington bureau of Cowles Publications, and the Golden West Broadcasters of L. A., Calif. Gene

Autry, world famed entertainer, is Chair- man of the Board. Lloyd C. Sigmon, exec v.p. & gen'l mgr will receive the award. Portland Memorial Coliseum—site of the 47th Annual American Legion Nat'l Convention. The Nat'l Security Commission plans to visit defense installations near Portland be a part of every convention-goer's reg- Temple, 1 1 19 S. W. Park Ave., Portland, just prior to the convention. Commission istration packet and will entitle the reg- Ore., 97204." members will tour Edwards and Vanden- istrant to a $.50 discount when purchas- A brief outline of the tours: berg Air Force bases will where they ing contest tickets. 1. Oregon Coast—Salmon Bake. By receive briefings and view interconti- The three Seagram Posts of The motor IVi hours. nental missiles, the B-70 bomber, the American Legion will again donate four 2. Oregon Coast—Deep Sea Fishing 4,000 m.p.h. X-15 airplane, and the Ford convertible automobiles for a huge (coincides with annual salmon run). By F-lll. drawing to be held at the Finals while motor and ship. 1 1 hours. On Aug. 22 the convention commit- contestant scores are being tabulated. 3. Mt. Hood Loop. 9 l/z sightseeing tees on Foreign Relations, Americanism This will be the 19th Annual Drawing hours up the Columbia River, past and Nat'l Security will join for a briefing sponsored by the three posts (807 Chi- Bonneville Dam and to the Timberline by a special international NATO team. cago, 111., 1283 Woodside, N.Y., and Lodge on Mt. Hood. The National Commander's Dinner to 658 Los Angeles, Calif.) and the car can 4. Columbia River—Bonneville Dam. Distinguished Guests will be held in the be won by any member of the Legion 5 hours by motor. Grand Ballroom of the Portland Hilton or Auxiliary. 5. Mt. Hood—Timberline Lodge. 5Vi at 7:30 p.m., Tues., Aug. 24. Tickets Prior to this convention, the Seagram hours direct to Mt. Hood (minus inter- are available on a first-come first-served Posts donated 72 cars having a total mediate sightseeing of Tour 3 above). basis and can be ordered from The value of over $185,000, in addition to 6. Willamette River Cruise. Three American Legion Convention Director, other lesser cash awards. hour boat tour on the river that splits

Masonic Temple, 1 1 19 S. W. Park Ave., It is not necessary to be present to win Portland in half.

Portland, Ore., 97205. Cost is $ 1 2.50 per one of the Ford cars. Just fill out one of 7. East Side City Tour. 2 hours by person. Please make checks payable to the coupons provided by the Seagram motor. "National Commander's Dinner." Posts (see page 29). Coupons will also 8. West Side City Tour. 2 hours by The States Dinner of the Auxiliary will be available at department conventions motor. take place in the Grand Ballroom of the and in Portland. A huge fireworks spec- 9. Deluxe City Tour. 4 hours by mo- Sheraton Motor Inn, 8:00 p.m., Wed., tacular worth over $10,000 will follow tor. Aug. 25. the Drum & Bugle Corps Finals. 10. Portland Zoo & Oregon Museum THE AM ERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1965 35 )

NEWS

• first of Industry and Science. 3 hours by mo- Chorus & Quartette Contest. 1 p.m., departments, which achieves place tor. Grand Ballroom, Portland Hilton Hotel. in the convention parade position. 11. See the Lights at Night. 6-hour • National Convention Patriotic and Here is the parade order for the 52 night tour of city, including dinner at Memorial Service. 5 p.m., Grand Ball- departments and their percentage of Top of the Cosmo or Pagliacci Supper room. Hilton Hotel. four-year average. By action of the Le- Club, and visit to Barbary Coast night • The Junior and Senior Drum & Bugle gion's Nat'l Executive Committee, the spot. Corps National Championship Finals, foreign departments will be in a block The Board of Directors and Officers Parade of Champions, and Fireworks ahead of the continental departments. of the 1965 National Convention Cor- Spectacular starting at 7 p.m. at Mult- Host department, Oregon, marches last. poration of Oregon are: President and nomah Stadium, S.W. 19th St. and Mor- Chairman, Robert H. Hazen; rison. Also the 19th Annual Drawing for 1. South Carolina 102.83 General 2. Ohio 98.99 Vice Presidents, Gerald W. Frank and the four Ford automobiles to be donated 3. Alabama 98.98 4. Hawaii 98.74 Posts. Donald V. McCallum; Secretary, Judge by the Seagram 5. Oklahoma 98.66 6. Minnesota 98.47 Alfred T. Sulmonetti; Treasurer, Charles (Note. In the event the National Fi- 7. Louisiana 97.80 H. Huggins; and Counsel, Don Eva. nals are rained out Sunday evening, Aug. 8. Michigan 96.85 9. Indiana 96.82 the event will be held the following Honorary President, Mark O. Hatfield, 22, 10. Iowa 96.66 Governor of Oregon; Honorary Chair- evening in the same place. In case of rain 11. Connecticut 96.51 12. Maryland 95.98 man, Terry D. Schrunk, Mayor of Port- that night too. the contest then moves in- 13. Florida 95.67 14. Wisconsin 95.66 doors to the arena of Portland Memorial land; Honorary Vice Presidents, Aaron 15. Utah 95.24 M. Frank and C. E. Sammons; Honor- Coliseum. 16. South Dakota 95.13 17. Virginia 95.09 ary Vice Chairman, David B. Simpson 18. Arkansas 94.95 Convention Parade Order 19. Rhode Island 94.83 and Ben F. Dorris. Honorary Treasurer 20. North Dakota 94.37 21. Jersey 94.36 is C. R. Harding. By posting a total membership of New 22. Kansas 94.08 Among the major airlines, railroads, 21,888 or 102.83 per cent of their pre- 23. Delaware 94.06 24. Maine 93.92 lines serving Portland are: four-year average of 21,285 by and bus vious 25. Alaska 93.37 92.78 Alaska Airlines, General Airways, May I, the South Carolina Department 26. Idaho 27. North Carolina 92.58 Northwest Airlines, Pacific Northern of The American Legion has won the 28. New Hampshire 92.05 29. New York 91.89 Airlines, Pan American World Airways, lead-off position for the 47th Annual Na- 30. Pennsylvania 91.80 United Air Lines, West Coast Airlines. tional Convention Parade on Monday, 31. Mississippi 91.65 32. Nebraska 91.64 Western Airlines, Great Northern Rail- Aug. 23. in Portland. Ore. 33. Montana 91.30 91.24 way, Northern Pacific Railway, Southern South Carolina also wins the Boden- 34. Illinois 35. Missouri 90.92 Pacific, Spokane, Portland & Seattle hammer Trophy, awarded annually to 36. Texas 90.16 37. Oregon 89.98 Railway, Union Pacific Railroad, Grey- the department, other than the foreign 38. New M3xicc 89.86 hound Bus Lines, and Continental Pa- cific T railways. An official 6-day 5-night post-conven- 1' '1 1 _ 1 tion Pilgrimage to Hawaii immediately IMI I

follows the convention. For informa- in nni ii ii il tion, write to C. G. Braden, All Travel, Inc. —Hawaii, P. O. Box AB, Honolulu, Hawaii 96815. E - MULTNOMAH ST

Contests and Events

Here are the sites, dates and times of Le- competitions and other American i or gion-sponsored events which will take "Yd place at the 1965 National Convention. rajEll Saturday, Aug. 21 ra • ] Senior Band Contest. 1 p.m., Lincoln ranana UulJ High School, S.W. 18th St. and Salmon. " ' DDDD Junior Band Contest. 2 p.m., Lincoln BURNSIDE STREET High School, S.W. 18th St. and Salmon. Senior Color Guard Contest. 2 p.m., DC Westmoreland Park, S.E. McLoughlin and Spokane. ~j

-PARADE REVIEWING STAND r Sunday, Aug. 22

• DC Senior and Junior Drum & Bugle W^V^ CEHIML BUS Corps Contest Preliminaries. 9 a.m., ^THIITON HOTElV^^^ TOODa r ?/S'^yTMII.W»YS-BUS rJ Madison High School, 2735 N.E. 82nd DDDDn Ave. L7* • Firing Squad Contest. 9 a.m., West- moreland Park, S.E. McLoughlin and Ln l"Tj Spokane. L7J Junior Color Guard Contest. 1 p.m., _ /n^L 7/ Westmoreland Park, S.E. McLoughlin PORTLAND AUDITORIUM ) and Spokane. Downtown Portland, showing the parade route and reference points of general interest. 36 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • J ULY- 1965 NEWS

39. California 89.61 22-23, Oxford Room, Benson Hotel. 40. West Virginia 89.30 41. Massachusetts 89.19 (Aeronautics & Space) 10:00 a.m., Aug. 42. Vermont 89.13 22-23, 43. Georgia 88.57 Kent Room, Benson Hotel. (Civil 44. Arizona 88.45 Defense) 10:00 a.m., Aug. 22-23, Ex- 45. Washington 88.16 46. Tennessee 87.49 ecutive Room, Benson Hotel. (Merchant 47. Colorado 86.84 Marine) 10:00 a.m., Aug. 22-23, Crys- 48. Wyoming 85.03 49. Puerto Rico 84.76 tal Room, Benson Hotel. 50. Nevada 83.14 51. Kentucky 82.73 The lists above are subject to change 52. District of Columbia 81.92 and subsequent meetings will be held at the call of each chairman. Commissions and Committees NSLI Reopening Here is a detailed schedule of the sites, dates and times of the meetings of the The first week's business of the VA's Legion's commissions and committees at new reopened limited Nat'i Service Life the Portland Natl Convention. Insurance (for one year, from May 1, All meetings are at the Portland Hilton 1965, to May 2, 1966) brought about Hotel unless otherwise indicated. 40,000 applications nationwide. First day business listed 18,000 applications Standing Commissions & Committees for a face value of over $100 million. Economic: (Exec. Section). 9:30 A heavier demand had been expected Portland Hilton —Nat'l Convention Hq. for the insurance, which is available in a.m., Aug. 20-21, Galleria 1. amounts up to $10,000 to service-con- • Americanism: (Exec. Section), 9:30 • Convention: 9:30 a.m., Aug. 20-26, nected disabled veterans meeting certain a.m., Aug. 20-21, Parlor C. Room 320. standards of eligibility. • Americanism Sub-Committee: 9:30 • Distinguished Guests Committee: Extra staff had been trained, and along a.m., Aug. 20-23, Ballroom Checkroom. (Exec. Section), 9:30 a.m., Aug. 20-26, with new equipment, were prepared to • Constitution & By-Laws Committee: Distinguished Guests Suite. handle the expected great influx of new 9:30 a.m., Aug. 20-21, Parlor D. Resolutions Assignment Committee: business, but it didn't materialize in the • Emblem Committee: (Exec. Sec- (Exec. Section), 9:30 a.m., Aug. 20-22, expected quantities. tion), 9:30 a.m., Aug. 19-20, Room 326. Nat'l Hdqrs. Office, Masonic Temple. The Philadelphia VA office led the na- • Nat'l Security: (Exec. Section), 9:30 Life Insurance & Trust Committee: tion with 3,687 remittance-bearing ap- a.m., Aug. 20-21, Mayfair Room, Ben- (Exec. Section), 9:30 a.m., Aug. 20-21, plications. Sample figures from other son Hotel. Parlor F. cities: New York, 3,236; Chicago, 1,457; • Child Welfare : ( Exec. Section , 9 : 30 ) National Executive Committee: 2:00 Newark, 1,445; Boston, 1,191; Cleve- a.m., Aug. 20-21, Parlor E. p.m., Aug. 22, Pavilion Room. land, 1,135; St. Paul, 1,155; and Los An- • Internal Affairs: (Exec. Section), geles, 1,141. 9:30 a.m., Aug. 20-21, Galleria 2. The new insurance program also ex- • Finance: a.m., 20-26, Convention Committees 9:30 Aug. perienced its first death claim in that first • 22- Nat'l Adjutant's Suite. Americanism: 10:00 a.m., Aug. week of business. • Foreign Relations: (Exec. Section), 23, Parlor C. A WW2 air combat veteran of the Eu- • 22- 9:30 a.m., Aug. 20-21, Room 308. Child Welfare: 10:00 a.m., Aug. ropean theater died as a result of his Legislative: (Exec. Section), 9:30 23, Parlor E. service-connected ailment within one a.m., Aug. 20-21 Room 312. • Constitutional Amendments: 10:00 week after submitting his application. Rehabilitation: (Exec. Section), a.m., Aug. 22-23, Parlor D. The VA has already delivered the full 9:30 a.m., Aug. 20-21, Studio Room, • Credentials and Internal Affairs: $10,000 to his widow. New Heathman Hotel. 10:00 a.m., Aug. 22-23, Galleria 2. • Publications: (Exec. Section), 9:30 (Membership) 10:00 a.m., Aug. 22-23, BRIEFLY NOTED a.m., Aug. 20-21, Room 316. Galleria 3. Brooks Robinson, third baseman of the Public Relations: (Exec. Section), • Economic: (Employment & Veterans Baltimore Orioles, has been chosen the 9:30 a.m., Aug. 20-21, Pavilion Room. Preference) 10:00 a.m., Aug. 22-23, 1964 American Legion Baseball gradu- • Membership & Post Activities Com- Galleria 1. (Other economic matters) ate of the year. mittee: (Exec. Section), 9:30 a.m., Aug. 10:00 am., Aug. 22-23, Parlor F. 20-21, Galleria 3. • Finance: 10:00 a.m., Aug. 22-23, The 21st District of Illinois gave a color • Sons of The American Legion Work- Room 316. television set to St. John's TB Sanator- shop: 3:00 p.m., Aug. 22. (Place to be • Foreign Relations: 10:00 a.m., Aug. ium at Riverton. It replaces a black and designated later). 22-23, Room 308. white set given by the district some years Rehabilitation Screening Committee: Legislation & Rules: 10:00 a.m., ago. 9:30 a.m., Aug. 19-21, Masonic Temple Aug. 22-23, Room 312. (adjacent to Nat'l Hq. Office). • Rehabilitation: (Claims and Rating) A young man who got his college educa- • Contests Supervisory Committee: 10:00 a.m., Aug. 22-23, Studio Room, tion via an American Legion scholarship 10:00 a.m., Aug. 18-19, Convention New Heathman Hotel. (Hospitals & has shown his benefactors what a man Corp. Office, Masonic Temple. 9:00 Medical Services) 10:00 a.m., Aug. 22- can do when he gets a chance. Dr. a.m., Aug. 20, Regent Room, New 23, Cascade Room, New Heathman George R. Dawson, who graduated from Heathman Hotel. 10:00 a.m., Aug 23, Hotel. Corona, N. Mex., H.S. in 1946, went on Regent Room, New Heathman Hotel. • National Security: (Military) 10:00 to get a B.S. in agriculture from New 10:00 a.m., Aug. 24, Conven. Corp. a.m., Aug. 22-23, Mayfair Room, Ben- Mexico A. & M., now New Mexico State Office, Masonic Temple. son Hotel. (Naval) 10:00 a.m., Aug. Univ. Later, he earned two M.S. degrees

THE AM ERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1965 37 :

NEWS and a doctorate. A professor at NMSU A $20,000 scholarship fund has been 121 of Post 121, Fremont, with 113 since 1957, he has recently been ap- granted to The American Legion of members, is tops in Ohio and third in the pointed head of its department of agri- Kansas under terms of the will of the nation. cultural economics and business. late Mr. and Mrs. J. Theo Anderson of Clay Center. The fund will be used to The Dep't of Oklahoma's American Le- finance the higher education of children gion Home School at Ponca City has of Legionnaires and Auxiliary members completed a $370,000 renovation. The of the Dep't of Kansas. school harbors 103 son and daughters of war veterans. About a dozen of the Ohio, with 1,039 Sons of The American school's graduates are attending various Legion, leads all departments. Squadron colleges.

Hearing Aids for Children paign by Gene Chase of radio station started Service Women's Post 404, St. Louis, KCFM donations coming. This will be an annual Christmas Mo., has collected, since June 1, 1964, campaign. Local hearing aid dealers over $800 in cash and about $8,700 (re- cooperate. One sale value) worth of new and used hear- gave aids at about cost at the outset and still gives off Legion honors an anti-communist ing aids for children. Post 96, St. Louis, 10% on purchases. Other dealers suggest and Post 37, South St. Louis, have helped to their customers that The American Legion Dep't of Pennsyl- with gifts of aids. when they are being fitted with a new aid vania, through its Executive Committee, The project has been sparked by Helen they donate the old one to Post 404. has honored Peter Vujacic, former as- Gilmore Jacques. R.N.. Post 404's Child The aids are turned over to the Central sistant professor of physics at the Ogontz Welfare chairman. Learning that 5% of Institute for the Deaf and to St. Joseph (Philadelphia) campus of Penn State the school children in the United States Institute for the Deaf where the children Univ. for his patriotic attitude in resign- have a hearing problem, she inquired at are trained to use the aids. ing his position in protest over the biased clinics and found there was a great need Last year and again this year Post 404 showing of a communist Viet Cong film for hearing aids. won Legion national citations for this on campus. A native of Yugoslavia. Mr. The post urges people to donate dis- project, and in 1964 Mrs. Jacques was Vujacic fled his country in 1950 and carded hearing aids and parts. A cam- given a special citation. came to the United States five years ago.

He is not opposed to these presenta- tions per se but is opposed when there is insufficient rebuttal as a result of late notification and poor preparation.

"This is how it started in the 'Old Country.' " Dr. Vujacic said. "The com- munists would develop a fanaticism for peace at any price within student groups." In the photo above, Monroe Bethman, Pennsylvania Dep't Cmdr, presents a plaque to Dr. Vujacic.

THE AMERICAN LEGION NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS APRIL 30. 196 5 In photo at left, after an audiometric test has been completed at Central Institute ASSETS for the Deaf, Irvin Shore, Director of Hearing Clinics, fits a boy with a hearing aid. Cash on hand and on deposit $ 2.665.168.54 Mrs. Mildred Schumacher (standing), Post 404 Cmdr, and Helen Gilmore Jacques, Rereivahle 183,128.37 R.N., Post Child Welfare Chairman, wait for the to respond when he hears Mr. Inventories 385,213.81 boy Invested Funds 1,662,627.72 Shore's voice. A few minutes later (photo at right) at a practice period with Mr. Shore, Trust Funds boy shows delight at entering world of sound. He will be trained to use the aid. Overseas Graves Decoration Trust Funds 282,282.09 Employees Retirement Trust Fund 3.538.551.16 3.820.836.55

Real Estate 81 1,228.39I POSTS IN ACTION A completely equipped and recondi- Furniture & Fixtures, Less Depreciation 213213.885.38 Deferred Charges tioned 1959 Cadillac ambulance was pre- 5252,081.45 Post 282, Ypsilanti, Mich., and the De- S 9.827 2011.2 I sented to Boundary County, Idaho, as LIABILITIES, DEFERRED REVENUE partment of Michigan have made a joint the result of a community-wide fund VND NET WORTH scholarship grant of $6,531 to Eastern Current Liabilities 179. >67.43 drive kicked off by Post 55 of Bonners Funds Restricted as to use 25, 189.19 Michigan University. Under the terms Deferred Income 1.938. '.63.78 Ferry. The volunteers in this Canadian Trust of the grant, to be known as The Ameri- Funds: border county raised $4,332.81, paid Overseas Graves Decoration can Legion Honor Award, annual Trust Funds 282,282.09 $3,750 for the ambulance, $23.50 for a Employees Retirement awards of $300 will be made to qualified Trust Fund 3 ,538,551.16 3,820 license, $15 for filing fees, and gave a students selected by a Board of Directors Net Worth : balance of $544.31 to the volunteer am- Reserve Fund 25,119.11 composed of Legion officials and faculty Restricted Fund 424,283.61 bulance squad for supplies and operating Real Estate 814,228.39 members. This grant is, says the univers- expenses. Reserve for Rehabilitation 528,607.81 Reserve for Child Welfare 129.813.02 ity's president, the largest single scholar- The post's athletic committee donated Reserve for Convention .... 60.000.00 ship fund thus far administered by the 1,982.081.97 $100, the annual post barbecue realized Unrestricted Capital 1,381.161.02 3,563.1 Student Aid Corp. at Eastern Michigan $400, and a special drawing for a fish- $9,827,200.24 University. ing rod netted $305. The post donated 38 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1965 NEWS

Post 402, Fulton, III., gave $900 to a NEW POSTS fund for a home for the aged. The American Legion has recently chartered the following new posts: West PEOPLE IN THE NEWS Knoxville Post 223, Knoxville, Tenn.; Stephen F. Chadwick, Legion Past Nat'l Five Star Memorial Post 1857, Granite- Cmdr (1938-39), elected president of the ville, Staten Island, N.Y.; Sulphur Springs, Fla.; Seattle, Wash., Historical Society. Springs Post 89, Sulphur Merrill-Berry Post 541, Mt. Vernon, New ambulance for Boundary County, Ida. Texas. Donald E. Johnson, Nat'l Cmdr of The American Legion, named lowan of the its dance floor for several dances spon- Year for 1965 by the Iowa Broadcasters youth groups for the drive. The REUNIONS sored by Association. OUTFIT only cost out of the regular post budget Reunion will be held in month indicated. For particulars, write person whose address is was for postage. given. on official form only. For In the photo above. Post 55 Cmdr Notices accepted DIED form send stamped, addressed return envelope George Cassidy (center) presents the am- to O. R. Form, American Legion Magazine, LeRoy V. Patch, of Payette, Idaho, Past 720 Fifth Ave., New York, N.Y. 10019. Notices bulance keys to LeRoy Kelson, president should be received at least four months before Dep't (1928-29) one-time ad- written letter necessary of the Boundary Volunteer Ambulance Cmdr and scheduled reunion. No to get form. jutant general of Idaho. Service, Inc. Bob Nystrom (right). Post Earliest submission favored when volume of requests is too great to print all. Ambulance Drive Chairman, hands over the check for $544.31. John R. Decker, Past Nat'l Executive ARMY Committeeman of Colorado (1941-43). 1st Gas Reg't— (Sept.) F. E. Blair. 1901 Uni- versity Ave., Wichita, Kans. 67213 Post 1206, New York, outfitted the vis- A charter member of Post 9, La Junta, 5th Arm'd Div— (Aug.) Mrs. Claire E. Watrous, 8549 Lowell St., St. Louis, Mo. 63147 tors' waiting room at Brooklyn Veterans Colo., he was later a resident of Los 10th Arm'd Div— (Sept.) Jack Garrity, 1010 Hospital. Fort Hamilton, N.Y., with new Angeles. Sunset Dr., Somerdale, N.J. storm 17th Sig Oper Bn (WW2)— (Sept.) E. F. Hof- furniture, draperies, etc., donated meister, 710 Crown Ave., Scranton, Pa. 18505 jackets, slippers, and bathrobes to every John Thomas Taylor Dies 21st Aviation Eng (WW2)— (Sept.) Richard H Selak, R.D. Thomasville, Pa. Veterans Hos- #1, patient in the Castle Point John Thomas Taylor, 79, the legisla- 25th Inf Div— (Sept.) Richard H. Ferriter, P.O. pital, Beacon, N.Y. (with hose for the tive representative of The American Le- Box 101, Arlington, Va. 22210 20th Eng (WWl)— (Sept.) W. Wilbur White, nurses), and outfitted the CP lounge with gion from 1919 until his retirement in 15217 Forrer Ave., Detroit, Mich. 48227 new leather furniture, tables, and table 1950, died May 20 of a heart attack 27th Div (WW1&2)— (Sept.) Lawrence Reagan, P.O. Box 1403, Albany, N.Y. 12201 lamps. Since its organization in 1938, while attending a meeting at Fort Mc- 29th Div— (Sept.) Clyde M. Wilson, Hotel Wick, Lisbon, Ohio 44432 Post 1206 has given to 1 1 veterans hos- Nair, Washington, D.C. A retired briga- 32nd Div— (Sept.) Raymond A. Nau, 1917 pitals much needed items to the value dier general, he served the Legion as Florence Ave., Detroit, Mich. 48203 34th Inf 893rd Tank Dest (Sept.) Harry of over $350,000 at manufacturers' cost. Legislative vice & Bn— Commission chairman Sinclair, Gambrills, Md. (1920-25), as national legislative di- 37th Div— (Sept.) Jack C. Wander, 21 W. Broad St., Rm. 1101, Columbus, Ohio 43215 Post 134, Burien, Wash., gave new High- rector (1935-50), and as national legis- 50th Eng Combat Bn, Co C— (Aug.) Lyle H. line College two American flags, one for lative consultant (1950-53). A veteran Boham, 59 Sycamore, Waterloo, Iowa. 64th Chem Depot (Aug.) E. assemblies and indoor use and the other — Donald Downs, of WW1 and WW2, Taylor won decora- 814 Pearson Dr., Joliet, 111. 60435 for the flag pole. The presentation was tions from four nations. (Continued on next page) made by Carroll King, Post 134 cmdr (right in photo), to Dr. M. A. Allen (left), president of Highline College, at the school's first assembly, with 1,200 16 A. L-Sponsored Scout Troops Are 50 Years Old students attending. Post 134's Commu- The Boy Scouts of America report that 16 Scout Troops which will be nity Service chairman. John Lewis (cen- 50 years old or more this year are sponsored by American Legion posts. ter), spoke on Americanism and Educa- Here are the troops, the sponsoring Legion posts, and the year that each tion. Legion sponsorship started. Year Sponsored Troop No. Formed Locality s ponsor since

1 1910 Parkersburg, W. Va. Post #15 1925 59 1911 Collingswood, N.J. Post #17 1925 31 1912 Ramsey, N.J. Post #112 1929 36 1913 Oradell, N.J. Post #41 1938

1 1913 St. Charles, 111. Post #342 Unavailable 216 1914 West Haven. Conn. Post #71 Unavailable 521 1914 Madison, Conn. Post #79 1924 30 1914 Montgomery, N.Y. Post #521 1937 1 1914 Chappaqua, N.Y. Post #453 1942 11 1914 Western Springs, 111. Post #154 1935 4 1915 Napa, Calif. Post #113 1925 esti- mated 3 1915 San Francisco, Calif. Post #384 1933 17 1915 Webster City, Iowa Post #191 1942 307 1915 Newton. Mass. Post #48 1956 40 1915 Monroe, N.Y. Post #488 Unavailable 12 1915 Gabriells, N.Y. Post #1397 1947

Legion gives new flags for a new college. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1965 39 : NEWS

71st CA, AA, Bat H; 384th AW Bn, Bat D— Geiger, 4545 Ammon Rd„ South Euclid 21, George R. Edwards (Aug.) (1964), Post 233, Cam- Guy G. Gingerich, 130 Evergreen La., Ohio bridge, Iowa. York, Pa. 17404 1620th MP Co (WW2)— (July) Ernest Jenkins, Eli Swenson (1965), Post 466, Calamus, Iowa. 87th Div— (Sept.) Frank Williams, 2120 Need- Rt. 1, Box 12, Tupelo, Miss. Carl Elder and T. L. Spurgeon (both 1960) more Ave., Dayton, Ohio. 3512th Ord Med Auto Maint Co— (Sept.) Walter and Bert C. Olson (1961) and A. D. Phillips 131st Ord Maint Bn— (Sept.) Al Irwin, Mound Dunkle, 522 Bredin Ave., Butler. Pa. (1962), Post 99, Russell, Kans. City, Kans. Evac Hosp #8 (WW1)— (Sept.) Wm. K. Van Jack E. Davis and 132nd Inf Reg't Jack Sheehan (both 1964). (WW2)— (Sept. ) Edward T. Arsdale. 303 North Ave., Greer, S.C. and Clarence L. Brown and Roy E. Hossfeld Ozzie, 5045 Oakton St., Skokie, 111. Evac Hosp ±13 (WW1)— (Sept.) Leo J. Bellg, (both 1965), Post 193, Louisville, Ky. 139th Inf, Co B (WW1)— (Sept.) William F. 808 Ash St., Toledo, Ohio. Lewis T. McNeal (1963), Post 29, Denton, Md. Vendel, P.O. Box 391, Oskaloosa, Kans. Medical Tng Gp, Co G (Recruited from Hart- Edward W. Work (1964) and Hans Axel Han- 148th Arm'd Sig Co (WW2) (Sept.) George A. ford, Conn., area; — Trained at Fort Ethan sen (1965), Post 66, Bowie, Md. L'Homme, 65 Prospect St., Norwich, Conn. Allen, Vt. 1917)— (Sept.) Earl S. Batterson, 34 William J. Wall and Denis J. Walsh and 06360 Allendale Rd., Hartford. Conn. Edward F. Ward and John J. Wailing 179th Inf, Tank Co— (July) Robert (all 1963). M. Adams, Truck Assembly Plant #2 (Iran, WW2)— (Aug.) Post 28, Northampton, Mass. Box 431, Healdton, Okla. 73438 John M. Mcintosh, 928 Wright Ave., Toledo, Philip Brault (1954) and Henry A. Garrow 185th Ord, Depot Co— (Aug.) John Martz, Jr., Ohio 43609 (1957) and Edward E. Demers and Charles 521 Walnut Rd., Steelton, Pa. W. Fournier (both 1960), Post 337, Chicopee, Mass. 213th Coast Art'y AA— (July) Hiester J. Ging- NAVY Claude I. Buzick (1964), Post 11, Mankato. rich, Soc. 213th C.A.AA, c o V.F.W. Home, Minn. Lebanon, Pa. 7th Spec Seabees; A, C, & Hq Cos (Aug.) — Dr. Charles D. East and Byer Olson and John 215th Coast Art'y AA— (July) Marvin Severns, Andrew E. Stitt, 112 Park Circle, Waverly, A. Werschay (all 1965), Post 71, Duluth, 704 W. 3rd, Mankato, Minn. Tenn. Minn. John A. Johnson and G. A. Kelley and C. W. 306th Field Sig Bn (WW1)— (Sept.) Norman C. 29th Seabees— (Aug.) Joseph C. Shirley, Sr., Mike (all 1964), Post 241, Aurora, Minn. Schlegel, Sr., 360 5604 Division S., Grand Rapids, Mich. 49508 Rockingham St., Rochester, Blaine B. Barker N.Y. 60th Seabees— (Sept.) Mrs. William Meltzer, and Helmer E. Olson (both 1965), Post 12944 Iowa Ave.. N.E., Alliance, 290. Cambridge, Minn. 308th Motor Supply Train— ( Sept.) Ray Martin, Ohio 44601 Joseph W. Bouska and John J. Carroll 2300 Overlook Rd., Cleveland. 44106 82nd Seabees & 519th CBMU— (Sept.) Willard and Ohio Phillip J. Frost F. Johnson, 339 State St.. and Stanley Fullerton (all 309th Eng (WW1)— ( Sept. ) George Stoner, P.O. Albany, N. Y. 1964) , Post 86, Atkinson, Nebr. Box 52, Manchester, Tenn. 37355 93rd Seabees— (Sept.) Howard Tucker. 25900 Euclid Ave., Euclid, Ohio Dr. Robert O. Blood (1965), Post 21, Concord. 314th Inf (AEF)— (Sept.) George E. Hentschel, N.H. 301 Penn Oak Rd., Flourtown, Pa. USS Baham (AG 71)— (Sept.) V. Kemmerling, James J. Lawlor and Joseph C. Schott (both 317th Sig Co Air Wing (WW2)— (July) E. W. 67 Jennings Dr., Canal Winchester, Ohio 1965) , Post 116, Edgewater, N.J. Quitmeyer, 1909 N. Polk, Lexington, Nebr. 43110 Melvin C. Eaton and Francis J. Oates and 68850 USS Concord (CL 10)— (Aug.) William J. Watts, Walter N. Wright (all 324th Field Art'y Rm. 315 New Fed. Bldg., Dubuque, Iowa. 1963), Post 189, Norwich. (WW1)— (Sept. I Fred A. N.Y. Racle, 2896 Zollinger Rd.. Columbus, Ohio. USS Montpelier (CL 57)— (Aug.) James J. John C. Miller (1962) arid Walter A. Clark 43221 Fahey, 42 Alder St., Waltham, Mass. 02154 (1964), Post 193, Highland, N.Y. 327th Field Art'y (WW1)— (Sept.) Chas. USS Swanson (DD443, WW2)— (Sept.) James A. Frank J. Campbell and Albert Martini (both Campbell, 407 S. Cherokee St.. laylorville. 111. D. Cahill, Rt. 1, Box 70. Mt. Pleasant, S.C. Yeoman 1964). Post 853, College Point, N.Y. 338th Mach School (Newport, 1909-19)— ( Sept.) Gun Bn ( Sept. ) (WW1)— Leslie M. Salvatore Ascione and William L. Walker Smith, 4015 12th St.. Des Moines 13, Iowa. Roy Stratton, P.O. Box 386, North Falmouth, (both 1965), Post 1008. New York, N.Y. 339th Field Art'y, Bat (Sept.) F. Mass. 02556 D— Ben Miller. Rev. Charles E. Karsten (1964), Post 1048. R.F.D. 3, Osceola, Iowa 50213 Dobbs Ferry, N.Y. 355th Inf (WW1)— (Sept.) Albert P. Schwarz. AIR Melvin Zupp (1964), Post 1286, Lakewood. 1731 E. Manor Dr., Lincoln, Nebr. 22nd Aero Sqdn, 1st Wing (WW1)— (Sept.) N.Y. 419th Arm'd Field Art'y Bn— (July) John A. Johnson, Charles Depew Brandt. W. 11227 Wayburn Ave., Detroit, (1965), Post 1347, New York, 13 N.W. 8th St., Faribault, Minn. Mich. 48224 N.Y. 472nd Field Art'y Bn— (July) George W. Car- 35th, 801st Aero Sqdns— (Sept.) Frank C. Er- Frank S. Ford (1964), Post 1612, Big Flats, ney, 111 Woodcliff Dr., Findlay, 45840 Ohio hardt, 1256 E. LaSalle, South Bend, Ind. N.Y. 496th, 497th (200th & 201st) Aero Sqdns, Beau- 210th Aero Sqdn (WW1)— (Aug.) H. S. Lewis, Thomas W. Armstrong and Burnice R. mont Barracks (WW1)— ( Sept.) W. F. Mussig, 806 E. Illinois St., Urbana. 111. Cohoon and Floyd E. Cohoon and Dennis S. 474 238th St., W. New York 10463 (all Post 182, 357th Fighter Sqdn (WW2)— (Sept. ) Donald E. Rhodes 1964), Columbia, N.C. 524th MP Bn— (Aug.) Bob Gott, 3568 Archer Drake, 102 W. Morris St., Bath, N.Y. Maye Coleman and Martin G. Simmons (both Ave., Chicago, 111. 463rd Aero Sqdn (WW1)— (Sept.) W. B. Scar- 1963), Post 196, High Point, N.C. 555th AAA, AW Bn, Bat C— (Sept.) John W. row, P.O. Box 6, Goodland, Kans. 67735 Nels Jordheim and Oscar Lybeck and Engman McMillin, 3506 S. Spring, Independence, Mo. American Balloon Corps (WW1) (Sept.) Ro- J. Nord (all 1964), Post 166. Walcott, N. Dak. 009th Tank Dest.— (Sept.) Don A. Vogt, P.O. — land C. Koehler, 24 Burlingame, Detroit, Ralph Holmes (1964), Post 134, Portland, Ore. Box 142, Geneva, N.Y. 14456 Mich. 48202 Emil J. Kafka (1964), Post 92, Johnston, R.I. 724th T.R.O.B. (Korea)— ( ) Aug. Herb Hess, 869 A. J. Tobias (1964). Post 159, Hoven, S. Dak. Edge Hill Rd., Glenside, Pa. 19038 Melvin H. Anderson and Lloyd G. Gibson and 728th Amphib Tractor (Formerly MISCELLANEOUS Bn 775th Tank George W. Young (all 1965), Post 53, Eau Dest)— (Aug.) Robert J. Nicholson, 458 Valley Bataan-Corregidor Survivors— (Aug.) Wayne Claire, Wis. St., Orange. N.J. Carringer. Fontana Village Resort, Fontana Dr. A. G. Maercklein (1964), Post 79, Burl- 751st Tank Bn— (Sept.) Howard Nelson, 102 Dam, N.C. ington, Wis. Golfview Dr., Monaca, Pa. 8C4th Hvy Auto Maint Co— (Sept.) Jack J. Life Memberships are accepted for publica- LIFE MEMBERSHIPS tion only on an official form, which we provide. The award of a life membership to a Legion- Reports received only from Commander. Ad- Finance Officer of which awarded COMRADES IN DISTRESS naire by his Post is a testimonial by those who jutant or Post know him best that he has served The Ameri- the life membership. They may get form by sending stamped, self- Readers who can help these comrades are can Legion well. addressed return envelope to uiged to do so. Below are listed some of the previously un- "L.M. Form, American Legion Magazine, 720 Notices are run at the request of The Ameri- published life membership Post awards that York, N.Y." 10019. can Legion Nat'l Rehabilitation Commission. have been reported to the editors. They are 5th Ave., New corner of the return envelope write the They are not accepted from other sources. arranged by States or Departments. On a of names wish to report. No Readers wanting Legion help with claims number you written letter necessary to get forms. should contact their local service officers. Roy J. Clemens and Emmons W. LeRoy (both Service officers unable to locate needed 1965), Post 139, Alhambra, Calif. witnesses for claims development should refer William J. Bowman (1964), Post 622, Chats- the matter to the Nat'l Rehabilitation Commis- worth. Calif. sion through normal channels, for Erwin G. Alfes and John W. Maloney (both further American Legion Life Insurance search before referral to this column. 1965), Post 36, Ft. Lauderdale, Fla. Edward Berlin and Joseph M. Donovan and Month ending April 30, 1965 87th Inf Div, 87th Recon Trp (Aug.-Dec. 1943) Raymond L. Perry and Francis E. Thomas (all —Need to contact comrades of John T. Trober 1965), Post 277, Boca Raton, Fla. Benefits paid Jan. 1-Apr. 30, 1965 $ 273,149 who knew of his hospitalization for nervous Frank E. Blankenship and James B. Cham- Benefits paid since Apr. 1958 2,639,299 condition. Write to John T. Trober, 811 E. bers and Richard B. Echols (all 1964), Post 1. Basic units in force (number) 108,743 2nd St., Flint, Mich. Atlanta, Ga. New applications since Jan. 1 2,193 311th Gen Hosp, Manila, P. I.—Need to hear Kiichi Horikawa and Henry X.Medeiros (both New applications rejected 329 from doctors, nurses who treated Lewis E. 1964). Post 1, Honolulu. Hawaii. American Legion Life Insurance is an official Kelch, or from anyone who knew him, to help Louis P. Armbrecht (1959) and Stanley A. program of The American Legion, adopted by him support a claim. Contact: W. H. Muss- Strzelecki (1960), Post 333, Chicago, 111. the Nat'l Executive Committee, 1958. It is man, Service Officer, Box 67, Geneva. Nebr. Casimir Lechtanski and Joseph E. Mikolajew- reducing term insurance, issued on application, Army Air Force Medical Clinic (March 1943) ski and Leo M. Nowaczyk and Nicholas Orysz- subject to approval based on health and em- —Need to know names and present addresses czak and Roman Owsienowski (all 1965), Post ployment statement to paid up members of of any doctors who served then at the Air 419. Chicago, 111. The American Legion. Death benefits range Force Training Center at Miami Beach, Fla. Ernest D. Waldt (1959) and Eric H. Smith from $8,000 (double unit up to age 35) in re- Contact: F. C. Heinle, Dep't Service Officer, (1961) and Adin M. Hunter (1964), Post 626, ducing steps with age to termination of in- The American Legion. 342 N. Water St.. Mil- Broadview, III. surance at end of year in which 70th birthday waukee, Wis. John A. Sparrey (1964) and John C. Callahan, occurs. Available in single and double units at Fort Sill, Okla., 967th Art'y, Bat B (1944-45)— Sr. (1965), Post 854, Evergreen Park, 111. flat rate of $12 or $24 a year on a calendar Need information from Sgt. Cass, Cpl. Tally, Blanche Osborne (1964), Post 1958, Chicago, year basis, pro-rated during first year at $1 Pfc. Cunningham, Pvt. English Milikan. Pvt. 111. or $2 a month for insurance approved after Frederick Van Wern 3rd, and Pvt. Henry to Aden S. Chappell (1964), Post 119, Greenfield, Jan. 1. Underwritten by two commercial life aid in a claim by Cpl. Paul Douglas Mc- Ind. insurance companies. American Legion insur- Carroll, who fell off a moving truck while in William F. Hauck and Lawrence H. Lung ance trust fund managed by trustee operating the company of these comrades. His doctors (both 1964), Post 178, Garrett, Ind. under laws of Missouri. No other insurance may feel that his present serious ear and nerve Warren O. Morgan (1958), Post 212, Brighton, use the full words "American Legion." Ad- condition was caused by this accident. Con- Iowa. ministered by The American Legion Insurance tact: Paul D. McCarroll, 539 E. Pasadena St., George Heetland and Lyle Stunkard (both Department, P.O. Box 5609, Chicago, 111. 60680. Apt. 5, Pomona. Calif. 91767. 1964), Post 222, Clear Lake, Iowa. to which write for more details. 40 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1965 —

A NEW KIND OF AMERICAN SOLDIER A New FREE BOOK for (Continued from page 13) the games could go on. The following In the event of war with Red China itself, morning, when he entered his top security the "Okies" of the 1st would, says a MEN PAST40 office, he found a note signed by the quotation in an Army book on special Special Forces. It read, "We wuz here, warfare, "form Red-hating loyalists into Troubled With Getting Up Nights, you iz dead!" marauding forces in China, North — Pains in Back, Hips, Legs, little Korea or wherever which can bleed the A more than a year later, the — Nervousness, Tiredness. ." communists used the same tactics that Communists' strength from within. . . This New Free Book points out that if my friends had used to "destroy" Pope Their first problem would be "to vault you are a victim of the above symptoms, Field—to wreak real and terrible damage the battle lines in order to reach Asian the trouble may be traceable to Glandu- on our airbase at Bien Hoa, near Saigon, freedom fighters." To that end, the 1st lar Inflammation ... a condition that Vietnam. When the news broke, the has long been practicing battle-order air- very commonly occurs in men of middle age or past and is often accompanied by Green Berets I was with shook their drops with full equipment on flights from despondency, emotional upset and other heads and asked, "When will they ever Okinawa to friendly areas in Asia. mental and nervous reactions. learn?" The 10th Special Forces Group has a The book explains that, although Such experiences, plus a tendency to similar mission from its present base at many people mistakenly think surgery regard the Special Forces as an "elite Bad-T61z, Germany, where it conducts is the only answer to Glandular Inflam- corps," have created strained feelings on field exercises in the Bavarian moun- mation, there is now a non-surgical treatment available. occasion within the Army. Their green tains. In the event of a big war in Europe berets weren't official when the Special "these volunteers," says Army Magazine, Forces first affected them, and in 1956 "are ready and waiting for a signal that N0N-SUR6/CAL TREATMENTS they were ordered not to wear them. But will send them anywhere from 200 to This New Free Illustrated Book tells President Kennedy felt that our country 2,000 miles inside enemy territory. Work- about the modern, mild, Non-Surgical had to build up better counter-insurgency ing in small detachments they will there treatment for Glandular Inflammation that the treatment is backed a forces and their esprit de corps. Among contact local groups of friendly guerrillas and by Lifetime Certificate of Assurance. Many other things he made the green beret the to begin military operations for which men from all over the country have official headgear of the Special Forces. they have been thoroughly and uniquely taken the NON-SURGICAL treatment trained." and have reported it has proven effec- Nevertheless, the Special Forces are Four more Special Forces Groups are tive. not an "elite corps." They're a part operational today. The 3rd, 6th and 7th The Non-Surgical treatment described in this book requires no painful surgery, of the regular Army with a highly special- are at Fort Bragg. The 8th is in Panama, hospitalization, anesthesia or long ized function. The officers (now about where the Army runs its Jungle Warfare period of convalescence. Treatment 2,000 in number) are regular Army offi- School. It has quietly organized natives takes but a short time and the cost is cers who take three-year tours of duty against insurgent armed groups in the reasonable. with the Special Forces, some electing a interiors of several Latin countries REDUCIBLE second tour for six years in all. The en- always at the invitation of the host na- HERNIA HEMORRHOIDS listed men—now more than 8,000—can tion. Colombia recently announced that make a whole Army career of Special the 13-year-old "Independent Kingdom Non-Surgical treatment f or both Reducible Hernia and Hemorrhoids, the b( ok explains, can usually Forces. There's a lively ten-year club of El Pato" in its southern hinterland be taken at the same time as treatment for Glandular Inflammation. among senior sergeants who have a notorious, illegal, armed stronghold watched their officers come and go. The has been eradicated. Colombia had proportion of sergeants to lower non- earlier invited the 8th to teach its com ranks is extremely high, since in beleaguered peasantry, constabulary and FREEAti action every man has to be a leader. In soldiery how to deal with the hit-and-run in addition to the regulars there are now warfare of the deep jungle. For obvious about 10,000 Special Forces reservists reasons, many operations of the Green ILLUSTRATED BOOK who take the fantastic training as week- Berets around the world are secret. So This New Free Book is end warriors. as not to give anything away, let's just fully illustrated and deals with diseases Today the 1st Special Forces Group is say that U.S. news media have already peculiar to men. Tak- based on Okinawa. Many of its teams published reports of American "counter- ing a few minutes right now to fill out have had duty in Vietnam. Some of them insurgency" aid, which may or may not Pi tio«M*6iCAL the coupon below, may have trained native Vietnamese Special have involved the Special Forces, in such enable you to better enjoy the future years Forces in their image. places Chile, Of own The Vietna- as Venezuela, Guatemala, of your life and prove mese units also proudly wear berets. In Iran, Ethiopia, Mali and the Congo. 0 »S EASES to be one of the best investments you ever the Vietnamese mountains and valleys, The following story is true in all its made. units of the 1st have gone out beyond essentials, except that I have obviously the regular Vietnamese army battalions faked all the names and twisted some EXCELSIOR FILL OUT THIS to organize guerrilla and anti-guerrilla of the details for security reasons. MEDICAL CLINIC COUPON TODAY , bands among the villages and tribes; they Several years ago it looked as if the Dept. Ml 150 have brought J medical aid and education; strategic "Republic of Walrus" would Excelsior Springs, Mo. I reopened harassed transportation routes, be overrun by communists. Capt. Gentlemen: Kindly send me at once, your J FREE Book. I am interested in full in- ! and the New got disrupted means to food and "Herbert Ambrose" (now a Lt. Col.) formation (Please Check Box) income going again. Late in 1964, the arrived in Walrus as an invited guest, Hernia Hemorrhoids Clandular i Inflammation units of the 1st in Vietnam were aug- with a Green Beret 12-man "A" team i mented when the entire 5th Special that was part of a special mobile group NAME Forces Group moved out there from Fort organized at Fort Bragg. This wasn't ADDRESS- Bragg. Vietnamese-type warfare, it was a coun- TOWN Vietnam is nothing to what the Green ter-insurgency i n t e 1 1 i g e n c e-d i r e c t e d STATE Berets would jump into in a major war. (Continued on page 42)

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1965 41 ) —

A NEW KIND OF AMERICAN SOLDIER a 16-week brain bender, whose graduates (Continued from page 41) become the team leaders, next in line to the officers. Besides learning photogra- operation. Ambrose and his men went armed attack on Walrus. Today, Walrus phy, finger printing, all forms of interro- up into the mountains of Walrus that is still free, though not out of danger. gation, tactics and methods of agent bordered on the red-run nation of When I first joined up with the Green recruiting, the Operations sergeant must "Killum." Berets to see how they could turn out learn the elements of command that West men like Ambrose, Pronier and their Pointers get. Only in this way can a small three full years Ambrose's little teammates, the 1 2-week Special Warfare For "A" team become the equivalent of a team provided a classic example of School at Fort Bragg seemed short to colonel and his staff to as much as a Special Forces action in independent op- me. How could you become a one-man regiment of foreign irregulars, to lead erations. The regular army of Walrus army in that time, as the men's maga- them in surreptitious operations in enemy was ineffective, while the border tribes- zines indicated? I took the course with a territory, and also to create them as a men—or "Boogoos"—could fight like group of officers, and there learned that fighting unit out of raw civilians in the mad. But the Boogoos hated all low- it was just the end of a long trail for the first place. landers—Walruses and Killums alike. enlisted specialists. Before he gets to All of this training would be fairly However, the communists over the that stage, every Green Beret is already border in Killum had been terrorizing an airborne infantryman, and on top of useless if the men lacked the ingenuity it in original the Boogoos, raiding their villages and that has had fantastic training in a host to apply ways under con- shooting chiefs who refused to order of specialties. Almost every man has ditions that no training could anticipate. their people to work and fight for the completed studies in one or more foreign In Vietnam I watched an Operations Killum army or the red guerrillas in languages at the Fort Bragg language sergeant secure a trustworthy South Walrus. So the Boogoos hated the com- center. A basic two-officered, 12-man Vietnamese undercover agent. In areas munists most of all. Green Beret "A" team will go into action where the Viet Cong had tortured and villagers, the Ambrose his with enlisted specialists in: ( murdered sergeant photo- and team joined a large two each 1 Boogoo community under a chief named Demolitions, (2) Intelligence and Opera- graphed the remains of the pitiable vic- "Badger." They immediately armed and tions, (3) Medicine, (4) Weapons and tims. Then he patiently went looking for trained the Boogoo men and gave them (5 ) Communications. Each enlisted man relatives. In Saigon he showed a Vietna- the necessary political indoctrination to is cross-trained in the other four special- mese pictures of the mutilated remains of resist communist propaganda. With three ties and qualified in at least two of them both parents and brother. The sergeant well-trained companies of Boogoo war- besides his own. No wonder Sergeant had his Green Beret agent on the spot riors, Ambrose could take two com- Pronier could be an intelligence officer, literally with a vengeance. panies out on raids and ambushes and a surgeon, an infantry officer, a weapons have a third company to guard the now- specialist and a communicator on that I'd been at Bragg but a short time fortified fields and villages where the Vietnam patrol! The depth of the training when I realized how far afield the idea Boogoos grew their crops. Ambrose and has to be seen to be believed. The en- is that the Special Forces are a bunch his men achieved two remarkable results listed medic, for example (already a of tough, rambunctious, young adven- in the Boogoo community. First, they parachuter and an all-around infantry- turers. They spoke very little to me until made the independent Boogoo people man with a foreign language under his I got to know them intimately, and I loyal to the U.S.-backed government of belt, and destined to qualify in two non- adjudged them taciturn. Nor were they Walrus. Second, they took such a heavy medic specialties and have some training young. While their ages ranged from about 20 to over 50, the average must toll of communists who had to pass in two more) , gets 35 weeks concentrated through the Boogoo country in their ef- medical training in two Army hospitals. be well in the 30s. They were all pro's forts to capture "Grimshaw," the capital He goes into the Special Warfare School who had volunteered from other of Walrus, that the reds negotiated a with what has been officially described as branches of the Army. A high percent- "peace settlement" with Walrus' political the skills "of a regimental surgeon," able age came from the airborne units. I leaders. This was a terrible settlement. to treat battle casualties, do emergency learned that young toughs who think this Foreign arms were withdrawn from Wal- surgery and handle infections and com- might be a great career for them are rus, and Ambrose had to leave Chief mon ailments. To that he adds the basics quickly weeded out. One of the slogans Badger disarmed, in spite of his pleas of the missionary doctor and the clinical of the Special Warfare School is "Ma- that the reds would be back to punish his instructor—able to hold sick call for iso- turity." Instead of being tough talkers, people. Finally, Ambrose begged to be lated civilian groups out of his drop-kit, even the young men among them were detached from the U.S. Army and go deal with exotic diseases, and teach na- mature for their years, quiet, dedicated back to Chief Badger on his own. The tives to become guerrilla medics. If he and competent. Most of the Green Boogoos were overjoyed to have their chooses Weapons for one of his other Berets are happily married and have old friend back. He retrained them and specialties, he'll join the weapons special- growing or grown children. They look began to collect arms from non-U. S. ists in their eight-week study of U.S. and upon themselves as nothing more than Army-anti-communists. As predicted, foreign weapons, coming out with the professional men with a highly demand- the communists in Killum suddenly vio- ability to field strip American, British, ing job to do. But their general opinion lated the agreement on Walrus. Thinking German, Russian and Chinese guns of all of their wives is that they are remarkable it fairly defenseless, they marched across types. He may also be able to use a bow- women. When I got to know them better the border again. Ambrose. Badger and and-arrow or any other weapon used by I, too, fell into their short, noncom- three fierce companies of armed any people anywhere. If Communica- mittal, dry-humored kind of conversation Boogoos slowed them down so much that tions is his third specialty, he'll absorb that reveals little unless the listener al- the reds lost the surprise value of break- the substance of the 14-week communi- ready knows what's being said. They ing the agreement. The lowlands of cations course, dealing with radio equip- weren't taciturn after all. The loose Walrus were strengthened with U.S. help ment of all sorts, cryptography, and tongue is simply the Achilles heel of the before they got there. On top of that, sending and receiving Morse code at a guerrilla warrior. Badger's men captured two "Sovchin" minimum rate of 18 words per minute. Perhaps 10% of the Green Berets are officers, proving to the world that a Only senior sergeants can take the naturalized citizens, born elsewhere. The major communist power was part of the Operations and Intelligence course. It's rest, native born, are American descend-

42 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • J ULY. 1965 —

ants of Europeans. Africans, Latin automatic weapons. We fought back restoring the village economy by ship- Americans, Arabs, Syrians, Polynesians, fiercely and radioed Odd Zooks, which ping out genuine Montagnard crossbows Chinese, Japanese, Filipinos, American radioed Bye-Bye of our predicament. for sale in American Post Exchanges. Indians, or you name it. There's not a The "B" team at Bye-Bye called in armed Meanwhile, constant patrols were build- country in the world where some mem- helicopters and fighters. Pinned down in ing up the loyal population of the town bers of the Special Forces don't look like a mucky ditch, only our M-79 grenade and taking needed civilians away from natives. Americans of non-European ap- launchers—lovingly called "elephant the communists by bringing in outlying pearance are proving extremely valuable guns"—kept us from being overrun. As Montagnards who'd been pressed into the in operations with friends in the tropics soon as the air cover arrived the Viet service of the Viet Cong against their will and Asia. Highly competent American Cong disappeared and we got back to to serve as fighters and farmers. I went Negroes in Green Berets are able to pro- Odd Zooks with only light casualties. Full on one such patrol. After four clashes duce quick rapport in dealing with these information was radioed to Bye-Bye, and with the Viet Cong we brought back 50 overseas allies and in educating them. relayed from there to the Special Forces new residents. in These men of many backgrounds Operating Base Saigon, whose opera- At another camp I saw Green Beret operate in tight, mutually loyal teams as tions and intelligence rooms hourly medics, along with Vietnamese and mature Americans. There's no room for plotted the course of the war of the Montagnards they'd trained, giving 300 conflict or sensitivity among men whose Green Berets throughout Vietnam. people a day the first medical care that missions are so delicate and exacting. That night Bye-Bye radioed us that most of them had ever had in their lives.

Recently I talked with a film producer Saigon, from all available reports, ex- An American Negro, Sergeant Wisbone, who was trying to come up with a popular pected an attack on one of the "A" teams was the chief medic of this team. Medical movie on Special Forces loaded with in- in the Delta—maybe us. We kept a 1 00% aid, more than any other single service, ternal conflict. First he tried to produce alert, and as the night wore on strange is winning the loyalty of rural popula- a "race-prejudice" conflict between a lights appeared in the fields all around us. tions to the central government supported Negro "A" team captain and his white "It's the VC," De Gracia muttered. by the United States. The communists executive officer. I told him it wouldn't "They're getting ready for something." destroy. The Americans, when they wash. Next he tried to have a by-the- Bye-Bye radioed in that other "A" teams aren't fighting, build. book West Point captain feuding with his also reported lights and fires ringing their militarily unorthodox I exec. When told fortifications—so it was too early to There are strident public voices today the producer that this was unauthentic know where to send air cover. But very which cry that we can't beat commu- and an insult to the team loyalty of the shortly, we at Odd Zooks were under nist guerrillas. Americans have fought Special Forces my career as a movie an intense mortar barrage. We told Bye- successfully on both sides of guerrilla writer ended before it began. Bye and Bye-Bye told Saigon. Saigon warfare since before the American Revo- answered that all the camps to the north lution. Communist guerrillas were beaten TIhe Green Berets just have too were quiet. If we needed extra air cover in Greece, and have been defeated else- much to do, in a dangerous and de- in the Delta, Saigon stood by to request where. The way to beat guerrillas is so manding calling, to take time out to act it. It was reassuring, in the midst of the well known that it is old hat. You press like children for Hollywood. mortar barrage, to know that the whole them without letup. You meet them on Here's a piece of Green Beret life in chain of Special Forces command was their own grounds with men who know

Vietnam that covers just 24 hours. watching us closely. As Odd Zooks re- how to do it. You must have the local

There's no room in it for fighting among sponded with a heavy barrage of its own people on your side. The French lost themselves. I arrived at "Odd Zooks" on the communists, Bye-Bye reported Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia for lack of

(fake name) on the Mekong Delta in the that it was committing all available air local support. They were harried on all evening, by helicopter. Met the Vietna- cover to us. Twenty minutes later the rice sides and couldn't even find out what was mese major and his American counter- paddies were lighted by flare ships as going on. The communists complicate part, Capt. Perry De Gracia, a short, fighter planes bombed and strafed the the problem by offering a safe haven in a aggressive, totally competent Special VC. The attack was broken up and soon bordering country, and a supply route Forces officer of Filipino descent. It was the planes were going home, ready for from there for men and materiel. near Ho Chi Minh's birthday, and we the next call from "B" team. Early next President Johnson has said that the were on the lookout for signs of a com- morning Bye-Bye sent in helicopters to South Vietnamese can handle the prob- munist celebration attack building up in take out six men who were too badly lem in their country when North Viet- the villages and rice paddies surrounding wounded to remain. Shortly afterward, nam is cut off from helping the Viet

Odd Zooks. Early in the morning I went Saigon sent in a load of supplies from Cong. So long as the South Vietnamese out on an 80-man patrol, led by a the enormous warehouse at its logistical are taught how to do it, the President's Vietnamese lieutenant and advised by center in "Gorblimey" (fake name). 250 statement conforms to all experience two U.S. Special Forces sergeants. Four miles to the north. Thus ended a routine with guerrilla warfare throughout his- miles out we ran into an ambush and 24 hours of tight teamwork. tory.

fought through it, going straight on. There's even something bigger than Radioed the news back to our "A" team A few more vignettes of how the that in our growing ability to deal with at Odd Zooks. They radioed the "B" XX men really spend their time: "special warfare" when it is forced upon team at "Bye-Bye" (fake name), which At Buon Mi Ga, I sat in a first-grade other people. For the day may come was the local headquarters commanding class in which a Special Forces teacher when aggressors who dread to use the all the "A" teams in the Mekong Delta. was getting a grandfather, father and big bomb may find they will have to shy Intelligence experts on "B" team checked young son to compete for promotion to away from local warfare too, anywhere our report against others coming in from the second grade—in a schoolhouse the in the world. That day may come when other "A" teams, trying to see a pattern Green Berets had built. While advising they find that native populations of communist guerrilla activity. 500 tribesmen on combat with the com- strengthened by American aid resources, Less than a mile farther on from Odd munists, the Special Forces team at Buon and led and trained by American special- Zooks, about 200 Viet Cong guerrillas Mi Ga also built fortifications, taught ists wearing green berets—aren't push- pinned us down with small arms and water purification and hygiene, and were overs any more. the end

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1965 43 "

IS VIETNAM A "CIVIL WAR"? DE GAULLE SOUNDS OFF. DATELINE "RIGHT" TO FOREIGN AID. V\AASH NGTON

Any who still consider the communist propaganda ma- PEOPLE AND QUOTES: chine as highly overrated might well consider the suc- cess of the red efforts in establishing widespread "as- LBJ'S PHILOSOPHY "When you duck, dodge, s umption" that the war in South Vietnam _is a "civil war" hesitate and shimmy, every and that the U. S. has no business getting involved. man and his dog gives you a Even friendly critics of U.S. policy have accepted, kick. I expect to get kicked but to a great extent, the commie line that the National I don't expect to duck." Presi- Front of the Liberation of the South is a home-grown dent Johnson revolutionary outfit, rather than a red front. The Administration, seeking to persuade its critics, DEFENSE OUTLOOK domestic and foreign alike, that South Vietnam is a vic- "It is in the arena of space tim of communist armed aggression, has been piling up that Soviet technological de- evidence, including the following points: velopments are most likely to Since 1959, some 40,000 trained guerrillas have infil- bypass this generation of U.S. trated South Vietnam from the North. Last year alone, weapon systems." Gen. Curtis Viet Cong terrorists killed or kidnapped 1,536 village E. LeMay, retired Air Force officials, and 9,756 other men, women and children. Chief of Staff. A combat unit of the regular North Vietnam army is now DISILLUSIONED in action in South Vietnam; another unit exists only to "I personally have been to carry out infiltration of the South. Moscow University and I can assure you that even in so- French President de Gaulle has been o penly operating called communist countries . . . Or to break up the North Atlantic Treaty ganization, no one gets anything for noth- eliminate U. S. influence in Europe and create a "third ing." Prime Minister Jomo force in world affairs led by France . . . General de Kenyatta of Kenya. Gaulle has been wooing both Red Russia and Red China, calling for "neutralization" of South Vietnam, and de- LEANING (IVORY) TOWER liberately stalling United Nations' activities. "Intellectuals are supposed to Each of these acts has caused the Administration some be tolerant, but they seem to believe in free speech only as pain . . . The Administration's patience with the Old Man of the Seine ran out, however, when he demanded that long as the speaker agrees with Yank troops pull out of the Dominican Republic post- them." Dr. Edward Teller, haste. In view of De Gaulle's own record of intervention atomic scientist. in the former French Congo (1963) and in Gabon (1964), UNITED EUROPE the French chief's call for immediate withdrawal of U.S. "We in Britain are convinced

forces from Santo Domingo was particularly galling. that a United Europe which . . . Washington observers believe that De Gaulle's dig was cut itself off from the United deliberate, part of his scheme to raise himself as cham- States and the Atlantic part- pion of the newly-emergent nations of Africa and Asia, nership, would be worse than and of the anti-U.S. governments of Latin America. no United Europe at all." Sir Patrick Dean, British Ambas- Although there ' s very little agreement in and out of sador to the U.S. Congress over how to improve the U. S. foreign-aid pro- HINT FOR U.S. AID g ram, the consensus favors continuation of our help abroad. "If we only would do what people asked and get out, it Even so Congress is increasingly demanding that the , would not be long before we recipients of our aid treat the United States with re- were asked back." Ex-Ambas- spect , if not gratitude . . . The Senate Foreign Rela- sador to Russia G. F. Kennan. tions Committee has made it clear, in its latest report, that the United States is not a "muscle-bound" giant," CHANGING VIEWPOINT unable to defend its citizens and national interests. "New circumstances develop In addition, the Senate Committee has specifically new duties, new obligations, warned the so-called less-developed countries that they new changes of view and . . . have no inherent "right" to assistance from Uncle Sam, the only people who do not and that our aid depends in part on the maintenance of change their minds are either a climate of mutual cooperation. in the involuntary institutions The Committee is disturbed by the fact that so much of ... or they are occupying a spot its time is taken up by the aid program that its role in the cemetery." Senate Mi- in forming U.S. foreign policy has been diminishing. nority Leader Dirksen, 111.

44 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1965 —

THE TRUST BUSTING LAW be depended on for a vote against the (Continued from page 17) trust in the Northern Securities case. Teddy's eye fell upon Justice Oliver Wen- a violent twist. A wild-eyed, near-inco- J. Pierpont Morgan and his ally, rail- dell Holmes of the Massachusetts Su- herent assassin named Leon Czolgosz road tycoon James J. Hill, controlled two preme Court. Holmes was "progressive." shot President William McKinley on Western railroads as part of their vast Teddy was enthralled. He named Holmes Sept. 6, 1901, and 42-year-old Theodore empire: The Great Northern and the to the United States Supreme Court. Roosevelt, once described as "that Northern Pacific. Their rival, E. H. Har- Unquestionably, he felt that Holmes' damned wild man" by super financier riman, controlled the Union Pacific, a vote was "safe" for the government. J. Pierpont Morgan, became President. bitter competitor. Both camps cast cove- No love existed between Teddy Roose- tous eyes on a "feeder" railroad, The months of litigation in the low- velt and the "big-monied men." (Roose- Chicago, Burlington & Quincy. The ag- After er courts, the Northern Securities velt's words.) Teddy had been "kicked gressive Morgan camp secretly began to case finally reached the Supreme Court upstairs" from the governorship of New gain control of the CB&Q by buying up in 1904. To Teddy's great joy, he won. York to the powerless job of Vice Presi- its stock. It succeeded. The vote of the justices was 5-4 for the dent. At that time the Morgan people A lesser man than Harriman might government. To Teddy's furious rage. had breathed a sigh of relief to get rid have knuckled under. Few dared to tan- Justice Holmes, later to become one of of him. Now "that wild man" was Presi- gle with Morgan, whose nickname on the Supreme Court's greatest justices, dent. Wall Street was "Jupiter." A famous voted against the government (many For five months an uneasy quiet pre- description tells why: "The boldest man think to prove his independence). The vailed. Youthful President Teddy, a hero was likely to become timid under his incident led to one of Washington's most for his exploits as a Rough Rider and as piercing gaze. The most impudent or celebrated feuds. Although Roosevelt leader of the charge up San Juan Hill recalcitrant were ground to humility as and Holmes remained amiable on the in the Spanish-American War, began he chewed truculently at his huge black surface, their private writings and opin- quietly to study the neglected Sherman cigar." ions revealed a mutual dislike that con- Anti-Trust Act. Edward Harriman was not "ground to tinued for the rest of their lives. Nobody in the know had any doubt humility." Instead, be began a daring that fireworks of some kind were coming. counterraid. Quietly, Harriman and his The near-dead Sherman Act was re- vitalized the victory in the Back in 1882, when Teddy was merely allies began buying Great Northern stock by Northern Securities case. Under it, for the first a New York State Assemblyman, he had ... to acquire control of it out from run for office on an "anti-monopoly" under Morgan and Hill. The price of time, the Supreme Court of the United platform. Later, he had boldly sponsored Great Northern stock soared up to an States ordered the dissolution of a huge an investigation into the affairs of the amazing $127 a share. At literally the monopoly. The railroad empire put to- messy Manhattan Elevated Railway very last hours, Hill learned of the gether by Morgan, Harriman and Hill scandal, a sordid situation of financial- scheme. The Morgan-Hill forces threw was ordered broken up. political intrigue involving the legendary their billions against the Harriman for- The Rough Rider had never ridden financial "wizard" Jay Gould, a one-time tune. In a wild frenzy of speculation the higher. Teddy Roosevelt blossomed dry goods stock clerk who had parlayed price of Great Northern stock skyrock- forth as the first of the "trust busters." a $5,000 investment into a $100 million eted to $1,000 a share! The newspapers were filled with car- empire. Gould was the political ally of The fantastic boom was followed by toons of Teddy the Rough Rider wres- "Boss" Tweed, the corrupt leader of a nationwide panic. Hundreds of specu- tling with the railroad trust (portrayed as New York City politics. lators and stockbrokers were wiped out. a vicious, snorting bull). Of Teddy put- "Sadly ineffective steps have been ting his brand on the pork trust (shown, naturally, overfed, fat hog). Of taken against the Trusts," Teddy had This is only the beginning of the as an said once. For him, the question was story. Teddy cutting off the arms of the trust simple. Was "the government going to Morgan, alarmed by the nationwide octopus. control the trusts—or were the trusts outcry, made overtures to the Harriman Pleased as punch, Teddy took on the going to control the government"? The camp. An alliance was formed between beef trust, the steel trust, the asphalt result was by no means certain. the erstwhile bitter rivals. The Northern trust, the food trust and the navigation Securities Co., a holding company, was trust. "Bully!" was the verdict of the The nation—and Wall Street—were formed. It would control, directly or in- press—quoting Teddy's own favorite stunned by a sensational, unexpected directly, almost all of the important phrase. bombshell Teddy Roosevelt exploded on northern railroads west of the Missis- Teddy Roosevelt was the first Presi- February 19, 1902. The era of "trust- sippi. Northern Securities brought to- dent vigorously to enforce the Sherman busting" began with a vengeance. The gether the Union Pacific, the Northern Act . . . and he transformed it. Another Justice Department announced that a Pacific, the Great Northern, and the Chi- lasting contribution came in 1903 when Sherman Act prosecution would be filed cago, Burlington & Quincy. Other, Teddy prodded Congress into establish- against a huge and spectacular trust smaller railroads would have to play ball ing an Antitrust Division within the De- the Northern Securities Co. Teddy had or be squeezed out. partment of Justice. No longer would chosen for his targets three of the biggest It was against this supertrust that enforcement depend upon the whims, tycoons of all: J. P. Morgan, Edward H. Teddy Roosevelt invoked the Sherman caprices and initiative (or lack of it) of Harriman and James J. Hill. The news Act. the individual U.S. Attorneys. A per- was the more shattering to Wall Street With customary vigor, Teddy threw manent, experienced staff of attorneys because Teddy had kept his bombshell himself into the fray. Since the sugar would henceforth handle antitrust prose- a deep, dark secret. Atty. Gen. Philander trust case, many changes had been made cution. C. Knox was the only Cabinet officer on the Supreme Court, and Teddy nursed By 1908, after Teddy Roosevelt had who knew of it. high hopes for a favorable decision. firmly established the Sherman Act as a The Northern Securities case is a clas- When the opportunity came for him to mighty force in the land, he grew bored sic, a commentary on the times, a fasci- appoint a new high court Justice, Teddy with being President. Teddy did not nating tale of the clash of financial titans went shopping around for a "progres- choose to run for re-election to a second and of intrigue for vast stakes. sive" jurist whose social attitudes might (Continued on page 46)

THE AM ERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1965 45 THE TRUST-BUSTING LAW antitrust laws became so intense that (Continued from page 45) after a few years not even Franklin D.

Roosevelt could withstand it. Arnold, full term, which he could easily have nopoly—in the absence of proof that it like Teddy Roosevelt, was "promoted done, but hand-picked able, 300-pound had abused its great economic power. upstairs"—becoming a U. S. Circuit William Howard Taft as his successor. This "reasonableness" test has virtually Court Justice. After a few years, he re- After Teddy had cajoled the GOP nomi- been thrown out the window in later signed from the bench to resume the nating convention and the voters to ratify Supreme Court decisions. In 1925, the active practice of law. his choice, he went off to Africa to shoot Court ruled in the Trenton Potteries case Present headquarters for enforcement lions. that any price fixing, reasonable or un- of the Sherman Act is Room 3 1 09 of the Legal scholars credit President Taft, reasonable, was illegal under the Sherman massive, grey stone, Justice Department a quiet, self-effacing man, with enforc- Act. building, which stretches between 9th ing the Sherman Act even more vigor- The Depression and the early New and 10th Streets N. W., in Washington ously than Teddy. But Taft lacked TR's Deal days saw a curiously conflicting at- on Pennsylvania Avenue. About 175 of genius for publicity, and seldom received titude toward the antitrust laws. On the the Antitrust Division's legal staff are in the credit due him. Two climactic vic- one hand, the National Recovery Act Washington. The rest are in field offices tories were won for the Sherman Act (NRA) suspended the antitrust laws for in New York, Chicago, Cleveland, Los under Taft. In 1911, the Supreme Court industries which devised a "Code of Fair Angeles, Philadelphia and San Francisco. ordered the dissolution of two huge com- Competition"—a desperate attempt of Boss of the 300 federal attorneys of panies as then organized: the Standard Franklin Roosevelt's first administration the Antitrust Division is 44-year-old Oil Co. and the American Tobacco Co. Asst. Atty. Gen. Donald F. Turner, who, on the ground that both were monopo- until his recent appointment, was a lies. visiting law professor at Stanford Uni- The Standard Oil trust had been versity, Calif. formed in 1882 by placing in the hands The walls of the antitrust reception of trustees the stock of 40 competing oil room are lined with autographed pictures companies. The complaint charged it the division with trade espionage, local predatory of former heads of such as: price cutting, secret rebates, the opera- Supreme Court Justice Robert H. Jack- son, the chief tion of bogus independents and the American war crimes prosecutor at Nuremberg; Supreme illegal division of markets. It controlled, Court Justice Clark; Gen. William according to the complaint, 90% of the Tom Donovan, wartime chief of the O.S.S., production, shipment, refining and sell- and Thurman Arnold. Turner's post is ing of crude oil and petroleum products. universally regarded The Supreme Court decreed that the as one of the "hottest," most demanding jobs in Wash- Standard Oil trust, which had made John ington. The incumbent is bound to step D. Rockefeller Sr., a billionaire, must on powerful toes, to make powerful dispose of its interests in 36 domestic oil companies. enemies. About one-half of today's pending involve fix- Trust busting proved a potent politi- antitrust cases directly price cal issue in 1912. Woodrow Wilson ing. Next to price fixing, preventing campaigned with promises to do more mergers which restrict competition is a than Taft had done, and even to surpass large part of the work. Last year, the "Quick, Ellen— l/500th at f.6!" Teddy Roosevelt who was pitted against Antitrust Division noted 1,630 mergers, them both in a three-cornered race. of which it investigated about one-sixth, (Having become bored with shooting and brought suit in 17. Mergers are a lions growing trend in the competitive picture. by now, Teddy again sought the THE AMERICAN LECION MAGAZINE Presidency on the "Bull Moose" or Pro- There were 500 more important mergers gressive Party ticket.) to bolster shrinking prices and wages. in 1964 than there were in 1963. Wilson won. The result, in 1914, was This approach failed to work and then Recent developments in the oil in- the Clayton Act, which supplemented the Supreme Court threw out the NRA dustry underscore the trend to mergers. the Sherman Act. It created the Federal as unconstitutional. At this point the In 1960, the Justice Department chal- Trade Commission, which has concur- most spectacular trust buster of modern lenged the antitrust legality of the rent jurisdiction in antitrust cases with times, Asst. Atty. Gen. Thurman Arnold, Phillips Petroleum Co's. purchase of the Justice Department. FTC has been went on a crusade against trusts, re- stock in the Union Oil Co. In 1965, the given the mission to prevent "unfair strictive business practices and price fix- suit was dismissed after Phillips sold its competition": mislabeling, unfair and ing with a zest and blaze of publicity that stock in Union Oil. deceptive trade practices, and practices hadn't been seen since Teddy Roosevelt's which tend toward the formation of day. Very often it isn't necessary for the monopolies. The Clayton Act also con- In the Justice Department they say Antitrust Division actually to file suit tains a provision preventing mergers in that Arnold used to remark that restric- to stop a merger it regards as restraining restraint of trade, closing a loophole in tive business practices had grown so competition. Plans for one of the largest the Sherman Act. widespread that he could open up the mergers in the history of the petroleum The vigor of enforcement of the yellow pages of the telephone book, put industry, that of Texaco, Inc., with the Sherman Act has followed the ups and his finger on a name at random and Superior Oil Co. ended recently, minutes downs of court decisions over the develop an antitrust case. If times have before the Antitrust Division was ready decades. In 1920, the whole effort was changed business practices, Arnold to file suit in federal court. almost stopped in its tracks by a Supreme helped to change them. According to The Antitrust Division also halted a Court decision which held that the giant Washington legend, the "heat" generated proposed merger of the Humble Oil Co. United States Steel Co. was not a mo- by Arnold's zestful enforcement of the with Tidewater Oil Co's. West Coast

46 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • J ULY 1965 — . facilities. The Department held that to There are plenty of hostile critics of merge Tidewater's 4,000 West Coast the Sherman Act, of course. It has been outlets with Humble's 1,000 outlets in called "out of date," "vague," and the same area would be to eliminate charges are made that it "applies old- If you can't taste "significant competition." fashioned, horse and buggy ideas to the

In its three-quarters of a century his- complex business conditions of 1965." tory, there have been 1,847 prosecutions A leading Washington trade associa- the flavor of a under the antitrust law—an average of tion and antitrust attorney, Bernard about 25 a year. But far more cases than Ehrlich, when interviewed by the writers, great autumn day the Antitrust Department could possibly stressed the hazards of the Sherman Act investigate are avoided because corpora- for businessmen. "While the Sherman when you smoke tions which consider mergers or pricing Act is a necessary law and certainly arrangements are daily guided by their serves a useful purpose," Ehrlich said, own legal counsel from the start. The last "the language in the Act is in many in- Field & Stream thing a corporation wants is an antitrust stances too vague." suit. Such suits have been compared to As an example, Mr. Ehrlich cites the Pipe Tobacco.., the gestation and birth of an elephant sometimes acute problems for business- they don't happen in a hurry and are men in determining whether or not a likely to be painful all around. In 1962, specific action is legal or illegal under the the steel industry boosted prices. Presi- Sherman Act. "There is a need for better dent John F. Kennedy, trying to head off guidelines to aid business in conforming you're catching a inflation, insisted that prices be rolled to the antitrust laws." back. The President had no power to The practice of imprisoning business- cold. make or enforce such an order, but he men for criminal antitrust violations, ex- and the steel industry understood the cept in specific instances such as per se government's power under the Sherman price-fixing violations, is a big problem. Act to take a second look at steel's pricing The law's standards are both too vague procedures. and too shifting, Ehrlich notes. Very frequently businessmen do not know government's handling of the The whether what they may propose to do is steel case was explosive. Critics say perfectly legal or may later be adjudged the incident shows exactly how powerful a crime. a the can be where the club Sherman Act "Of course," Ehrlich said, "as a gen- is determined to use it as government eral rule, the government does not request a weapon to enforce its will. The FBI, imprisonment unless the law is very the Antitrust Division, and the Federal clear. But it is unwise to leave discretion Commission began an all-out in- Trade in the hands of a prosecutor when the vestigation of the steel industry, using law is uncertain itself. Where the law is tactics which were bitterly resented by unclear, jail sentences should not be im- the steel industry. U. S. Steel Corp. posed. Imprisonment penalties should justified the Chairman Roger Blough be more clearly spelled out in the A product of Philip Morris Inc. increase figures need for a steel price by statute." which he said showed that his company Another "problem" about the Sherman had not raised its prices for four years Act, about which businessmen are par- and that "costs had shot skyward, partly ticularly bitter, is that labor unions are because each year we had raised wages now exempt. "This is of great concern to and benefits for workers." business," Ehrlich said. "Under the SECRET LOANS! Big steel accused the Administration Sherman Act, business and labor don't of "trumping up" a grand jury investi- Now you may get the money you need . . . have to play by the same rules and . . . FAST! Borrow $100 to 81,000 with a Pay As Little gation of the steel industry to search for Money-By-Mail "Secret Loan" from they should." Dial. Absolute privacy. No delay of any As $4.78 violations of the Sherman Act. kind. No co-signers needed. You use a Month But after 75 years hardly anyone says your own signature. Here's your chance to pay up old bills and have cash left over Acrimony was bitter on both sides. Cash 30 Monthly that we should have no antitrust law at out of every paycheck. (Special: Credit You Get Payments life insurance available, at nominal cost) "Some time ago," President Kennedy $ 100 $ 4.78 all. The late ex-President Herbert Whatever you need money for. . . get it FAST . . . and in privacv by Mail from 300 14.33 said on TV, "I asked each American to a valiant champion of the free- Dial. Write todav. No Obligation. Hoover, 500 23.55 DIAL FINANCE CO., Dept 7 092 consider what he would do for his ". wrote that . . the system, l 32.10 enterprise 410 Ki patnck B l dg., Omaha, Nebr. 68102 700 ~" country, and I asked the steel companies. 900 40.23 Antitrust acts emancipated and protected ToiAL FINANCE CO., Dept. 7-092 1.000 44.24 In the last 24 hours, we have had our the American people (the common man, I 410 Kilpatnck Bide., Omaha, Nebr. 63102 answer." if you will) from the vicious growth of Name Mr. Blough shot back. "I do not think laissez faire economics inherited from Address it is in the public interest in peacetime Europe. By maintaining competition, our City State .Zip Code for anyone, including those of Presi- I industries were forced into channels of Amount you want to kttrrow dential rank, to substitute his own action constantly improving methods and plants for the action of the market place by and constantly lowering prices with the trying to set prices on competitive increasing consumption of goods. DRAINS cellars, cisterns, wash tubs; products." "European industry with its uncon- IRRIGATES - CIRCULATES - SPRAYS SA T>'Pe P Pump has l.OOl uses. Stainless The merits of the case are still being trolled laissez faire had grown into a w shaft. Won't rust or dug'. Use 1,6 HP motor or larger . . . 3.4 HPfor up to 2,400 debated, but the big stick represented by cartels, trusts trade re- GPH; 450 GPH 80' high; or 1.800 GPH maze of and !»B*from 25' well. 1" inlet: 3/4 » outlet. > >S< Coupling included free S8.9S the Sherman Act brought a retreat by the straints the results of which were to - Heavy Duty Bail-Bearing Pump. Up to 5.200 GPH; 11 4" inlet: 1" outlet. S12 95 steel industry. The price increases were stagnate improvements in favor of price Postpaid if cash with order. Money Back V Guarantee. Also other sizes, types. rescinded. and distribution controls." the end ®^ LABAWCO PUMPS, Belle Mead 56, N.I THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1965 47 JACKSON HOLE AND THE GRAND TETONS I suddenly realized that I was on one (Continued from page 21) of the scariest rides of my life. The short, steep switchbacks were coming in quick can rent log cabins, tent cabins, sleeping where you please without permit, except succession. There were frequent 1,500-or and cooking gear. There are also about on any private land that may be con- 2,000-foot drops down off our yard-wide 125 spaces for trailers with utility con- tained within the forest. Back in the wil- trail. Why, I asked myself, hanging on nections to be had at a moderate fee. derness area is the country for those who to my pommel, did Red insist on walking A few miles down the road is Jackson really enjoy solitude and who think that on the very outside of the trail, placing Lake Lodge. 525 feet long, built on an the National Parks campgrounds are too his foot on the sharp turns an inch or eminence above the lake and surrounded confining and over regulated. so from the brink? If his foot should by attractive cottages. As you enter the I felt a strong yearning to pack back slip how the devil long would it take me great lounge you are faced by one of the of the Tetons, so I made arrange- to get off his back? I noticed that the largest picture windows in the world: ments with Lowe Rudd, the horse con- doughty MacDonald girls up ahead of 26 feet high by 60 feet wide, giving a cessionaire at Jenny Lake, and the fol- me had developed a pronounced inward vast view across the lake to Mt. Moran lowing morning, having been joined by lean and that they, and indeed wrangler and down toward the triple peaks of "Les two bonny young women named Mac- Clark, were holding on to their pommels Trois Tetons." The window, personally Donald from Seattle, took off. Our in a rather unhorsemanlike manner. designed by John D. Rockefeller Jr., packer, who led a string of three horses I thought of Washington Irving's quote throws the great room out of architec- carrying our food and shelter, was a from an early trapper's journal of 1833 tural kilter but it certainly gives you the big, good-natured young fellow named which told of crossing the Tetons not mountains. The lodge has good food and Dick Clark. The horse I rode was an un- very far from where we were: a list of decent California wines, plus distinguished creature named Red. "No accident of a disasterous kind one good Bordeaux, a Chateau Las- Our destination, said Dick, was up occurred, excepting the loss of a horse, combes. 1959. You will find all kinds Death Canyon, turning north on to the which, in passing along the giddy edge of people eating in the big 500-seat din- Skyline Trail, around Static Peak and of a precipice, called the Cornice, a dan- ing room: residents of the lodge, fami- down into Alaska Basin, where we would gerous pass between Jackson's and lies drawn from Colter Bay and other camp for the night. Pierre's Hole, fell over the brink and was camp grounds, and back-packing hikers dashed to pieces." from over the Divide who appear in their first leg of our journey took us The As we rode along that high, wild trail beards looking like the mountain men up through stands of large cotton- I could easily understand how such a of old. woods, lodge pole pine and Engleman thing might happen. It was not until we spruce. It was early September and along The chef puts on what is called "Gros were coming down into Alaska Basin that Ventre Breakfast" several times a week. the trail the low growing mountain ash I realized I had lost my hat. berries had turned orange, the small pur- Served buffet style—all you can eat, Night was closing down as we stopped ple asters were generally in command, $1.50 it fruit juices, — offers grapefruit, to camp beside a small lake. We were fresh strawberries. with here and there late gentians, lark- Cranshaw and honey- now in the Targhee National Forest in spur and paint brushes. A marmot, the dew melon, ham, bacon, chicken livers, Idaho. Clark quickly unpacked and pro- mountain ground hog, golden and sassy, sausage, pancakes, eggs a half-dozen duced lightweight tents and boxes of ways, and a dozen varieties of sweet whistled at us as we passed and chip- food. While he was cooking supper I had buns. munks and ground squirrels chittered What the "mountain men" and a look around at this land of disordered the kids all around. from Colter Bay do to this beauty into which he had brought us. After passing above Phelps Lake, with spread is frightening. We were surrounded by snow-topped a fine view of the Hole across to the Gros peaks and ridges, some eroded to their rides, a small Ventre mountains and to the Wind River Trail symphony orches- ancient igneous rock and some still tra, riding range beyond, we picked up Death Can- in a rubber raft 30 miles topped by the red shale and lighter lime- the yon Creek, followed it up to the ranger down Snake river, learning to moun- stone of a time when these mountains tain station, where stopped for lunch. I climb at Glen Exum's school at we had been under a sea bed. Jenny Lake, wonderful fly fishing, espe- had a fishing rod with me and hoping to The basin itself had been well scoured cially in September these are the catch a few cutthroats for supper went — among by glacial action. The few trees of al- wonders that the summer visitor to Jack- down the stream about 50 yards to try pine fir and white bark pine were stunted son Hole can experience. it out. and wind twisted. The summer carpet Of all the The fish were jittery I people sweeping up and and drew no of alpine meadow flowers was all but down the Jackson Hole valley each sum- rises but my little walk was not unevent- gone from this rock-strewn land and no mer, it is likely that few realize how small ful for. turning a bend, I saw an ample birds sang. It felt like a place of high the Grand Teton Park (400 square woman who looked as though she was deviltry and was spooky as hell, to boot. miles) is compared to the wildernesses somebody's grandmother, with lavender

around it. To the north is Yellowstone hair and pink toreador pants, sitting in we were sitting around the fire in National Park. 3,472 square miles, much a patch of sun toasting her back. Beside As the twilight, something like a of it very wild. To the east and south are her was her back pack and, as I quickly strange little man walked across the land- Teton, Shoshone and Bridger National withdrew. I thought of how people of scape between two great riven rocks, sil- Forests and including Targhee, over the all sizes and ages have taken up back houetted against the face of the escarp- mountains in Idaho, these provide an packing through the mountains these ment called The Wall, and disappeared. additional total of nearly 12,000 square days. I told Clark and the MacDonald girls

miles. Vast areas just to the east of Jack- By mid-afternoon we had gained what I had seen. Clark asked me what son Hole, in the Absaroka and Wind 4,000 feet in altitude and were only about he looked like.

River mountain ranges, are designated 450 feet below the summit of Static Peak "Well," I said, "he made me think as "wilderness" areas and in those places (11,294). We were well above timber- of an unfrocked priest in a black suit no motors of any kind are allowed and line and in some places there was snow who had come up into the mountains traveling is done afoot or on horseback. on the trail, which the horses did not to untangle things." In the National Forests you may camp like. "We ought to see him in a little while,"

48 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • J ULY 1965 Clark said. "The trail will bring him this way." Autos, Autos, Autos.

But it did not. Darkness came down. It grew cold and we drew close to the Diets & "Cures." fire. Where was my little man? PERSONAL Artificial Body Parts "I couldn't have mistaken a bear for a man, could I, Clark?" I asked. The girls were properly thrilled. As the driving season its "Never saw one this high," he replied. summer reaches height, these developments are emerging: As I was going to sleep in my little Driving costs, calculated on a comprehensive basis by the American Auto- tent, listening to the hobbled horses mobile Assn., continue on an even level (in fact, they haven't changed much clumping around in the star-lit night, I in two years). If you run up about 10,000 miles a year, your true per-mile cost wondered what I had seen. Some time averages 11.8 for gas, oil, tires, maintenance, depreciation, insurance and later, when I read Olaus Murie's "Jack- fees. At 20,000 miles, the figure drops to 7.7^ per mile. son Hole With a Naturalist," I learned Car rental: Business is zooming to over $500 million this year. One reason that some of the marmots in these moun- is that auto rental companies now are offering such a riot of bargains and tains have an abnormal development special prices that, for many people, it's cheaper to rent than buy. (One of black pigment, the reverse of albinos. com- pany, for example, has been renting Volkswagens at around $4 a day plus 5^ I guess that in that eerie twilight I saw a mile, gas included.) Note also that Ford and Standard Oil of New Jersey a black marmot, which is nowhere near are joining the rental company ranks. the size of a man. But the Alaskan Basin Car leasing: Outfits like the Kinney System are trying to push the idea that is a hard place to judge distances and it's more efficient to lease a car on a two-year basis than buy-and-trade your the size of things. I also think it is a good own every 24 months. typical lease on, say, an Impala costs about per place for "seeing things." A $115 month and includes everything (even license plates), except gas and oil. [Car frills: The rage this year is stereo tape players that attach under the the morning we rode across the In dashboard, run continuously for an hour or two, and cost to $200. Some basin toward the east, up the winding $75 cars may have built-in versions in 1966.] trail past Sunset Lake and, as we climbed into Hurricane Pass, the back sides of the Tetons were revealed in all their A new wave of fad diets is sweeping the nation. This go-round is based on wild, ragged disorder. It was like looking the low-carbohydrate principle, and has doctors prophesying that the penal- at the back side of an operatic stage set ties will be damage to the liver, toxic effects and vitamin C deficiency. While after having seen it from the front. diets are nothing for amateurs to toy with, you can figure in a rough way The wind blew through this pass at that after 35 a sensible calorie consumption per day is 12 to 14 times your an alarming rate. At a turn in the trail ideal weight (unless you're ultra-active). starting into Cascade Canyon we could Meantime, because of the doctor shortage and the increase in the older see, through a notch, the Bitter Root population, quacks are flourishing mightily. Before you get swindled, say Mountains 100 miles off to the north- health authorities, remember this: There are no known cures for arthritis, west. Below us, Clark and his animals baldness or diabetes (which can, however, be controlled by diet and insulin). had encountered some deep snow on the Nor is there any known preparation that can knock out so-called "kidney trail and Black Jack, the lead pack ani- diseases" or cancer (which, in some cases, though, can be cured by surgery mal, was balking. There was no place to or X-Ray treatments administered by a reputable physician). turn the string around had we wanted to, so we had to sit there in the icy blast on Note that medical researchers are trying busily to perfect artificial hearts that slippery trail, taking an occasional and lungs to take the place of worn-out human parts. While these experi- glance down into the headwaters of the ments may not pan out for a while, a surprising number of major body re- creek, 1,000 feet below. placements already is available. Common to many such devices is a synthetic Black Jack finally made his move, material called silicones (medical grade silicone rubber is tradenamed Silas- plunged through the snow and we all tic) which won't cause irritation, chemical reaction, and won't stick or de- followed. It was the last hazard we had teriorate. Here's a rundown of the big developments: on the trip and the remainder of the day Heart repairs: Thousands of silicone valves have been installed successfully was spent climbing down into the forest in the last couple of years, even in infants. Meantime the "pacemaker"—an again, down the valley between the great electronic, transistorized, battery-powered stimulator—has been catching peaks, with Cascade Creek growing the headlines these days. It peps faltering hearts into a strong, even beat, is larger and spreading out below, where imbedded in the human abdomen and will run three to five years on a set the beavers were carrying out their in- of batteries. Only minor surgery with a local anesthetic is necessary to replace defatigable damming operations. the power supply. in combination with other The trail came out at Jenny Lake, Repair of deformities: Silicones—sometimes where we could see and hear the motor- synthetics, such as Teflon—now make fine rebuilds for cheeks, chin, nose boats zooming around on what is one of and ears. the most beautiful bodies of water ever Eye repairs: Detached retinas can be corrected by a silicone implant which created. You could also see the Absaroka puts the retina into proper relationship with the eyeball. of building artificial hearts and kidneys isn't so and Wind River ranges and it was good Incidentally, the problem is finding reliable to know that not so far away there were much a matter of duplicating those organs—the big hitch a more than 12,000 square miles of public and efficient power supply which the patient can lug around with him. land, much of it safe from the intrusion

of man's machines . . . places where a In the world of everyday products, keep an eye on: man still might see an unfrocked priest COLOR TV: Sales are so good that the tube supply is low. But this won't walking through the mountain twilight. drive prices up; competition, in fact, likely will move prices the other way. THE END —By Edgar A. Grunwald

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1965 49 "

THE MEN WHO SIGNED THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE EAT ANYTHING (Continued from page 27) WITH FALSE TEETH At last, emaciated by hardship and pushed across the Delaware, into Penn- worry, he was able to sneak home. He sylvania. The Revolution had entered its found his wife long buried. His 13 chil- first great period of crisis. One by one. dren had been taken away. A broken the important people of Philadelphia man, John Hart died in 1779 without were mouthing Loyalist sentiments, or ever finding his family. concocting private ways of making their

Trouble with loose plates that slip, rock or cause Another New Jersey signer, Abraham peace with the Crown. But signer Robert sore gums ? Try Brimms Plasti-Liner. One applica- Morris, the merchant prince of Philadel- tion makes plates fit snugly without powder, paste Clark, a self-made man, gave two officer or cushions. Brimms Plasti - Liner adheres perma- sons to the Revolutionary Army. They phia, was not among these. Morris, who nently to your plate; ends the bother of temporary applications. With plates held firmly by Plasti-Liner, were captured and sent to the British had honestly and sincerely opposed the YOU CAN EAT ANYTHING! Simply lay soft Declaration of strip of Plasti-Liner on troublesome upper or lower. prison hulk in New York harbor—the Independence because he Bite and it molds perfectly. Easy to use, tasteless, hellship Jersey, where 1 1,000 felt the colonies were unready but who odorless, harmless to you and your plates. Remova- American ble as directed. Money-back guarantee. At your drug captives were to die. The younger Clarks had signed in the end, was working his counter. SI. 50 reliner for 1 plate;$2.50,for 2 plates. Plasti-Liner, Inc., Dept. 2P, 1075 Main Street, were treated with especial brutality be- heart and his credit out for the Revolu- Buffalo 9, New York. cause of their father. One was put in tion. Washington's troops were unpro- BRIMMS PLASTI-LINER solitary and given no food. The British THE PERMANENT DENTURE RELINER authorities offered the elder Clark their lives if he would recant and come out LEARN for King and Parliament. Over the dry MEAT CUTTING dust of two centuries, Abraham Clark's anguish can only be guessed at as he re- quickly in 8 Bhort weeks at Toledo for a bright future with security the vital meat business. Big pay, fused. full-time Jobs—HAVE A PROFIT \B1B MARKET OF YOUR OWN! Pay after they occupied Princeton, J., Diploma given. Job help, When N. f successful graduates. Our 12nd the British billeted troops in the College ed FREE catalog. No obligation. G. I. Appi NATIONAL SCHOOL OF MEAT CUTTING of New Jersey's Nassau Hall. Signer Dr. Dept. A-62. Toledo 4. Ohio John Witherspoon was President of the college, later called Princeton. The sol- diers trampled and burned Witherspoon's MARTINS FLAGS fine college library, much of which had

1 DISPLAYS FOR been brought from Scotland. 55* i ORGANIZATIONS- TOWNS-SCHOOLS-FAIRS But Witherspoon's good friend, signer Prompt shipment Ask for our Richard Stockton, suffered far worse. colorful WHOLESALE Catalog No. 65A Stockton, a State Supreme Court justice, MARTIN'S FLAG CO. FORT DODGE. IOWA had rushed back to his estate, Morven. near Princeton, in an effort to evacuate How To Stop his wife and children. The Stockton fam- ily found refuge with friends—but a Tory sympathizer betrayed them. Judge Athlete's Foot Itch Stockton was pulled from bed in the At first sign of itching, night and brutally beaten by the arrest- THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE cracking, peeling be- ing soldiers. Then he was thrown into tween toes, apply Dr. visioned and unpaid; the United Colo- Scholl's Solvex for fast a common jail, where he was deliberately relief! Amazing medica- starved. nies' credit, such as it was, had col- tion works three ways: A horrified Congress finally arranged lapsed. 1. Stops the intense itch- for Stockton's parole, but not before his Morris used all his great personal ing; 2. Kills Athlete's Foot fungi on contact; wealth and prestige to keep the finances 3. Promotes healing! Available in Ointment, health was ruined. Finally the judge was Liquid and Powder or Push-button Spray. released as an invalid who could no of the Revolution going. More than once longer harm the British cause. He went he was to be almost solely responsible D-'Scholls SOLVEX back to Morven. He found the estate for keeping Washington in the field, and looted, his furniture and all his personal in December 1776, Morris raised the possessions burned; his library, the finest arms and provisions which made it pos- Shrinks Hemorrhoids private library in America, destroyed. sible for Washington to cross the Dela- His horses had been stolen, and even the ware and surprise the Hessian Colonel New Way Without Surgery hiding place of the family silver had been Rail at Trenton. This first victory, and bullied out of the servants. The house Washington's subsequent success at all that kept Stops Itch -Relieves Pain itself still stood; eventually it was to be- Princeton, were probably official residence of Jer- the colonies in business. For the first time science has found a come the New new healing substance with the astonishing sey's governors. Morris was to meet Washington's ap- ability to shrink hemorrhoids and to relieve Stockton did not live to see peals and pleas year after year. In the pain — without surgery. Richard In case after case, while gently relieving the triumph of the Revolution. He soon process, he was to lose 150 ships at sea, pain, actual reduction (shrinkage) took place. died, and his family was forced to live and bleed his own fortune and credit Most amazing of all — results were so thorough that sufferers made astonishing off charity. almost dry. statements like "Piles have ceased to be a About this same time, the British sent In the summer of 1777 the British, problem! near the The secret is a new healing substance a party to the home of New Jersey signer who were seemingly always ( Bio-Dyne®) — discovery of a world-famous Francis Hopkinson at Bordentown, and point of victory and yet were seemingly research institute. it, also. always dilatory, landed troops south of This substance is now available in sup- looted pository or ointment form under the name By December 1776, Washington's Philadelphia, on Chesapeake Bay. These Preparation H®. Ask for it all at drug north, defeat Washington at counters. dwindling band of patriots had been marched to 50 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1965 "

Brandywine and again at Germantown. had held a small, professional Continen- Congress fled to Baltimore, and Lord tal Army intact, and with European in- Howe took Philadelphia on September structors like von Steuben and Lafayette 27. On the way, his men despoiled the it was being drilled into a compact, dis- £ RUPTURE home of Pennsylvania signer George ciplined force. Washington was seem- Clymer in Chester County. Clymer and ingly too weak, however, openly to chal- Get this NEW FREE BOOK his family, however, made good their lenge the heavily armed British forces Tells how Rupture can be treated by a mild Non-Surgical method that is backed escape. again. The seaports were captured or by a Life Time Certificate of Assurance. The family of another signer. Dr. blockaded, and American shipping driven This treatment method has a long history of use and is recognized by Authorities Benjamin Rush, was also forced to flee from the seas. The northern colonies today. Men and Women from all over the country have taken the Non-Surgical Treat- to Maryland, though Rush himself neutralized, and the British seemed ment and reported it is effective. Why put stayed on as a surgeon with the Army. turned their main effort south. up with wearing a griping, chafing, unsan- itary truss? Rush had several narrow escapes. Like the men from New York, the Write today for this FREE BOOK. Tells How, explains Why more and more Rupture Signer John Morton, who had long South Carolina signers were all landed Sufferers are using modern Non-Surgical Treatment Methods. Act been a Tory in his views, lived in a aristocrats. They had, as a body, reflect- Now. No Obligation. EXCELSIOR MEDICAL CLINIC strongly Loyalist area of the state. When ed Carolina's luke-warm attitude to- Dept. E 1132 Excelsior Springs, Mo. Morton had come out for Independence, ward independence. The Carolinians it turned his neighbors, most of his were all young—average age, 29—and OUTFIT STARTS YOU IN friends and even his relatives against all had studied in England. But in the FREE big money SHOE BUSINESS! him, and these people, who were closest end they had joined the majority in the Run your own profitable 'shoe store' to Morton, ostracized him. was a He interest of solidarity, and after signing business from home in spare or full time. We give you—FREE— com- sensitive, troubled man, and many ob- all service. they had entered military plete Starting Outfit that makes servers believed this action killed him. While serving as a company comman- you $217.00 EXTRA each month for just 2 easy orders a day. You John Morton died in 1 777. His last words der, Thomas Lynch Jr.'s health broke feature 275 fast-selling dress, to his tormentors were. "Tell them that sport, work shoe styles for men from privation and exposure. His doctors and women. Air-cushion shoes, many other special features! 2'/ AAAA to EEEE. Draw on 300,000 ordered him to seek a cure in Europe, Sizes 2 to 16—widths pair stock. Your own shoes FREE. Discounts to your fam- and on the voyage he and his young wife ily. Prizes, bonuses—even a new car—at no cost to you. Rush postcard for your FREE Starting Outfit today... Now! were drowned at sea. MASON SHOE, Dept. F -871, CHIPPEWA FALLS, WIS. The other three South Carolina sign- ers, Edward Rutledge, Arthur Middle- ton and Thomas Heyward Jr., were taken Qld \jg Sores by the British in the siege of Charleston. Are you miserable with pain and aches of leg They were carried as prisoners of war ulcers, swelling, itch, rash due to deep venous congestion or leg swelling of bulged veins or in- to St. Augustine, Fla., and here they were juries? Find out about proven VISCOSE that works as you walk. Easy to use. Money-back singled out for indignities until they were guaranteed trial. Send for FREE BOOK today. exchanged at the end of the war. Mean- L. E. VISCOSE COMPANY 100 W. Chicago Ave., Chicago III. while, the British roaming through the 10, Southern countryside had made a point of devastating the vast properties and g Ibe g TAX CONSULTANT] plantations of the Rutledge and Middle- nil ted crow profession. Our ton families. idenis rees m dignified full part '-office busi ess preparing income tax returns during busy tax The two years beginning in 1779 were profitable Business Tax Service with steady monthly fees of $10-$50. No bookkeeping experience neces- the ugliest period of the war. There was sary. We train you at home and help you start. Licensed by N.Y. Education Dep't. No agent will call. Write for free literature. Accredited SttVl Home Study sharp fighting in the South, which some- Council. NATIONAL TAX TRAINING SCHOOL, Monsey C- 1 7, N.Y. times devolved into skirmishes and mu- tual atrocities between Americans for In-

dependence and Americans who still stood with the Crown. There had always SONG IDEAS been strong Loyalist sentiment in the WANTED South, as in the Middle Atlantic States; s^Tfe>s Write with active, Professional song- "You've grown, — too plantations and homes on either side (l&/fMj writers with publisher contacts. Rec- ^-Z— ords made. Share royalties. Send ideas. were raided and burned, and women, Free examination THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE SONGWRITERS' ASSOCIATES children and even slaves were driven Studio 72, 236 W. 55 St. at Broadway, NY 19, NY they will live to see the hour when they into the woods or swamps to die. shall acknowledge it [the signing] to have The British soon conquered all the been the most glorious service that I thin coastal strip which was 18th ever rendered to my country." century Georgia. Signer Button Gwin- On the same day Washington retook nett was killed in a duel in 1777, and Trenton, the British captured Newport, Col. George Walton, fighting for Sa- GIVE R. I. Here, they wantonly destroyed all vannah, was severely wounded and cap- signer William Ellery's property, and tured when that city fell. The home of AT THE /g& burned his fine home to the ground. the third Georgia signer, Lyman Hall, The grand scheme to separate New was burned and his rice plantation con- sign \,&>; England by General Burgoyne's march fiscated in the name of the Crown. * from Canada was foiled at Saratoga in One of the North Carolina signers, OF THE w 1777; this victory eventually brought the Joseph Hewes, died in Philadelphia French into the war on the American while still in Congress, some said from side. But after desultory fighting here worry and overwork. The home of RINGING BELL and there, by 1779 the British seemed to another, William Hooper, was occupied have the war well in hand. Washington {Continued on page 52)

THE AM ERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1965 51 THE MEN WHO SIGNED THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE were making a shambles of the town, (Continued from page 51) leaving the mangled bodies of British grenadiers and horses lying bleeding in by the enemy, and his family was driven closed in on them from the front. By the streets, the house of Governor Nel- into hiding. October 9, Washington's and Roch- son remained untouched. By 1780 the fortunes of war had ambeau's armies had dug extensive siege Nelson asked the gunners: "Why do begun to change. Local American mili- works all around Yorktown, so there you spare my house?" tia forces defeated the King's men at could be no escape. Now the bombard- "Sir, out of respect to you," a gunner King's Mountain. Realizing that the war ment began. The greatest guerrilla war replied. was to be decided in the South, Washing- in history was coming to a classic close. "Give me the cannon!" Nelson roared. ton sent Nathanael Greene to dance, as Murderous fire from 70 heavy guns At his insistence, the cannon fired on the saying went, with Lt. Gen. Lord began to destroy Yorktown, piece by his magnificent house and smashed it. Cornwallis, the British commander. piece. After eight days of horrendous bom- Cornwallis did not like the dance at all, As the bombardment commenced, bardment, a British drummer boy and and slowly retreated northward toward signer Thomas Nelson of Virginia was at an officer in scarlet coats appeared be- the Chesapeake. At Yorktown, a Virginia the front in command of the Virginia hind a flag of truce on the British breast- village surrounded on three sides by wa- militia forces. In 1776 Nelson had been works. The drum began to beat "The ter, Cornwallis established what he an immensely wealthy tobacco planter Parley." thought was an impregnable base. No and merchant in partnership with a man Cornwallis was asking General Wash- matter what happened on land, Cornwal- ington's terms. lis felt he could always be supplied, and October 19, the British regulars rescued, if need be, by sea. It never oc- On ZIP, ZIP, Hurray! marched out of Yorktown, their fifes curred to the British staff that Britannia ' Zip Code ALL your mail might not always rule the waves. «^ wailing "The World Turned Upside WWMv*^ When new Postal Regulations go into Down." They marched through a mile- Now began the crucial action of the pSMf^y^ effect, your mail will be delayed if ^ doesn't show your Zip Code. Start long column ^of French and Americans, war, the time Washington had been wait- P^^^mS J^^^^^^tV) now to give your Zip Code as part stacked their arms, and marched on. It ing for with exquisite patience. A power- of your address on ALL your mail. was, as Lord North was to say in Eng- ful French squadron under Admiral De HELP YOUR POSTOFFICE HELP YOU land when he heard the news, all over. Grasse arrived at the mouth cf the Ches- But for Thomas Nelson the sacrifice apeake from Haiti and gained temporary named Reynolds. His home, a stately was not quite over. He had raised $2 naval superiority off the Virginia coast. Georgian mansion, was in Yorktown. As million for the Revolutionary cause by Under carefully coordinated plans, the Revolution began, Nelson said, "I am Washington pledging his own estates. The loans came and the French General a merchant of Yorktown, but I am a Vir- due; a newer peacetime Congress re- Rochambeau marched south from New ginian first. Let my trade perish. I call fused to honor them, and Nelson's prop- York to Annapolis, where De Grasse God to witness that if any British troops erty was forfeit. He was never reim- transported the allied army across Ches- are landed in the County of York, of bursed. apeake Bay. the At same time, General which I am Lieutenant, I will wait for no He died a few years later at the age the Marquis de Lafayette was ordered orders, but will summon the militia and of 50, living with his large family in a to march upon Yorktown from his posi- drive the invaders into the sea." Nelson small and modest house. tion at Richmond. succeeded Thomas Jefferson as gover-

By September 1781, Cornwallis and nor of Virginia, and was still governor in Virginia signer, Carter Brax- the main British forces in North Amer- 1781. Another ton, was also ruined. His property, ica found themselves in a trap. French Lord Cornwallis and his staff had mainly consisting of sailing ships, was warships were at their rear. Regular moved their headquarters into Nelson's seized and never recovered. forces—not the badly armed and un- home. This was reported by a relative trained militia the British had pushed who was allowed to pass through the These were the men who were later of around on the battlefield for years- lines. And while American cannon balls to be called "reluctant" rebels. Most them had not wanted trouble with the Crown. But when they were caught up

in it, they had willingly pledged their The Signers of the Declaration of Independence lives, their fortunes, and their sacred honor for the sake of their country. NEW HAMPSHIRE NEW JERSEY VIRGINIA It was no idle pledge. Of the 56 who Josiah Bartlett Abraham Clark Carter Braxton Matthew Thornton John Hart Benjamin Harrison signed the Declaration of Independence, William Whipple Francis Hopkinson Thomas Jefferson Richard Stockton Francis Lightfoot Lee nine died of wounds or hardships during MASSACHUSETTS John Witherspoon Richard Henry Lee the war. John Adams Thomas Nelson. Jr. Samuel Adams MARYLAND George Wythe Five were captured and imprisoned, Charles Carroll Elbridge Gerry in each case with brutal treatment. John Hancock Samuel Chase Robert Treat Paine William Paca NORTH CAROLINA Several lost wives, sons or family. Thomas Stone Joseph Hewes One lost his 13 children. All were, at RHODE ISLAND DELAWARE William Hooper William Ellery John Penn one time or another, the victims of man- Stephen Hopkins Thomas McKean George Read hunts, and driven from their homes. Caesar Rodney CONNECTICUT SOUTH CAROLINA Twelve signers had their houses Thomas Heyward, Jr. Samuel Huntington PENNSYLVANIA everything they Roger Sherman Thomas Lynch, Jr. burned. Seventeen lost George Clymer Arthur Middleton William Williams Benjamin owned. Oliver Wolcott Franklin Edward Rutledge Robert Morris Not one defected or went back- on his John Morton NEW YORK George Ross pledged word. William Floyd Benjamin Rush GEORGIA Francis Lewis James Smith Button Gwinnett Their honor and the nation they did so Philip Livingston George Taylor Lyman Hall much to create, is still intact. Lewis Morris James Wilson George Walton But freedom, on that first Fourth of July, came high. the end

52 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1965 ! —

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than any sold in stores. Starch-O-Rene, Box 220-C, Benton, III. catalogue shows we pay up to $35,000.00. Send $1 . for valuable FISHING—HUNTING—SPORTS coin catalogue. Money Back Guarantee. Best Values Co., Dept. A896, 285 Market St., Newark, New Jersey. GOLF BAG STAND—Casual golfers, no more stooping. Legs automatically spread. $2.00 Ppd. Noveltys', Box 158, Red Lake OF INTEREST TO WOMEN Falls, Minnesota. WALLPAPER SALE—CLEARANCE 1965 patterns. Write for your Free catalog at once. Sensational savings. We pay post- age. Burlington Trading Post, 1800 Burlington, North Kansas $5.00 down. 120 AKC Registered Breeds to choose PUPPIES City, Missouri. from. $1.00 for catalog with pictures and price. Refundable. Weekly Possible! Details, $1.00. Box 597, Pure Bred Dogs of Clearwater, Florida. HOME TYPING— $85 Research Enterprises, 29-FBX Samoset Road Woburn, Mass. REAL ESTATE PERSONAL—MISCELLANEOUS CANADIAN VACATION LANDS: Full price $385.00. 40 acres, 1964 Fords $899.00, Chevys $999.00. Free Catalog, $10 month. Suitable cottage sites, hunting, fishing, invest- CARS— Lane, Hicksville, York. "Clip ment. Free information. Land Corporation, 3768-F, Bathurst, Photos. Cars, 194 Layman New EASY READING new On" magnifier Downsview, Ontario, Canada. Dentures Look Like New. Mail Dollar Bill for Guaranteed makes small print larger. A blessing for Solvent. Denture Cleaner, Box 10142, Denver, Colorado, 80210. LIVE, RELAX, INVEST in Florida. King-sized lots. Fishing, people who have trouble reading small boating, friendly community. $2 weekly pays all. Reserve now, NEW METHOD—Stops hair loss, grows more hair with print. Clips on your regular eye glasses. send just $2 refundable deposit. San Carlos Park, R3, Fort European Lotions, International Laboratories, 5462 Merrick Enjoy reading without eye-strain. Light Road, Massapequa, N. Y. Myers, Florida, weight. Money back guarantee! Only $4 per FREE! Summer Catalog. Thousands of new properties de- RARE OLD RECIPES. Ginger Beer, German Brandy, pair ppd. Order from PRECISION OPTICAL scribed, new photos, too— Land, farms, homes, businesses Sarsaparilla, Tomato Wine, $1.00 each Four $3.00. Addressed, Recreation, Retirement. 481 offices, 34 states coast to coast, Postage. Box 1386, Texas City, Texas. CO.. Dept. AL-7, Rochelle, III. "World's Largest." Mailed Free! Strout Realty, 7-DY S. RESTY—Amazing simulated cigarette that looks so real you Dearborn St., Chicago 3, III. will swear it's burning. Helps you cut down on smoking. Used LOANS- BY-MAIL by thousands. Aromatic flavor lasts a month. Send $1.00. Re- fundable. Resty, Box 156, Boiceville, New York. BORROW $100 to $1000 by Mail. Quick, Easy, Private. No Co-Signers. Repay in 30 small monthly payments. For the ADVERTISERS—AGENCIES amount you want write today to Dial Finance Co., 41 0 Kilpatrick YOU ARE READING the Classified Section of one of the Bldg., Dept. 7-102, Omaha. Nebraska, 68102. Nation's most responsive markets. These ads are shopped by NEED MONEY? Borrow $100-1000 by mail. Confidential, millions who respond to Opportunity. Tell your 'story' —watch repay in 24 months. Free loan application. American Loan the inquiries and orders roll in. For details and rates write Plan, Dept. HA-185, City National Bldg., Omaha 2. Nebr. CLASSIFIED, Dept. A7, 100 E. Ohio St., Chicago, III. 60611.

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SKIN PROBLEMS? HERE'S RELIEF OR MONEY REFUNDED

- Offonroe 500 ZIP CODE LABELS 50c FOLDING TABLE -* Start using the new Zip code numbers on your re- A $32.95 value, this turn address labels. Any name, address and Zip code modern folding table |lA MEDICATED 0INTME beautifully in printed black on crisp white gummed is now only $27.95 for paper. Rich gold trim. Up to 4 lines. 2" long. Set of limited time! Heat - 500 labels in plastic box, 50c. Ppd. Fast service. resistant, stain-proof POLINELCO.po . Box 848, Hollywood, Florida Money-back guarantee. If you don't know the cor- Melamine Plastic tan-linen rect I Dollar(s) for Jar(s) of Zip code number, just add 10c per set and we gauge channel steel frame . . enclose POLINEL will look it up for any address. Same fast service. leg assemblies with automatic gravity-type NAME Send for free catalog. locks. 30" x 96". Send for FREE Sale Bulletin! ADDRESS "Walter r»ralr*» 5507-10 Drake Bldg. THE MONROE CO., 69 Church St., Colfax, Iowa j AIM VViUld Ul UrvC Colorado Springs, Colo. 80901 54 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JU LY 1965 Exclusive U.S. Patent

This section is presented as a service to readers and advertisers. All products are sold with a money-back SWIMEZ¥) guarantee. When ordering, please allow a reason- NON - SWIMMERS able amount of time for handling and shipping. SWIM INSTANTLY Yes, now, you too can swim — a new, easy way — FAST with orig. SWIM-EZY®, the ONLY U.S. Patent-approved aid. 1/25" thin, with invisible swim Only 4 oz. ( ad- just, capacity, is worn unnoticeable under any reg. bathing suit or swim trunks. Nonswimmers swim quickly and easily, with little effort. Poor swim- mers look like champions. Relax and join the water fun. Order your improved SWIM-EZY© today. Beware of cheap, useless imitations. Send $7.95 plus 32< tax in Calif. Give WAIST SIZE. 10 day money back guar. Airmail add Alt. Swim-Ezy Mfr., 2245 N. Lake Ave., Dept. T-666, Altadena, Calif. 91001.

NOW! get 3 REAL OLD LINCOLN CENTS HiiJfi --for only 104 INSECT TRAP. Powerful 1/100 H P. motor; ADHESIVE CUSHIONS make false teeth fit 10* Lincoln Sylvania 10" 22-Watt Black Light; exclu- and feel right all day. Featherweight, paper Only brings you 3 old pennies — sought-after collector's sive "baiter" offers full 360-degree range. thin, preshaped for uppers or lowers so no America's most coin. 1920, 1925, I Insects are attracted by light, drawn into cutting necessary. Become adhesive only 1919S, Offer limited-only one set to a customer.) For all 3 Lincoln bag. 10" high, 9" diam. Wt. 7 lbs; 6 ft. when wet. Each lasts for days. Set of 24 plus free catalog illustrating coins cord. U.L. Approved. $19.95 plus $2 ppd. uppers or lowers, $1. Specify. Hubbard Cents, supplies, plus other offers a hdlg. Insect Control Co., Dept. AL-7. House, Dept. L-120, 183 Essex St., Boston, and on ap- proval, send name, address and 10<* to 6 Meadow Lane, Freeport, L.I., N.Y. Mass. 02111 LITTLETON COIN CO., Dept. AL-7, Littleton, New Hampshire 03561. STOP STOOPING' with amazing, new Shoulder Brace Corrects posture instantly, comfortably. Provides even distributed support for sagging shoulders. Im- proves appearance, gives you a wonderful new feel- ing of confidence. No fit- ting. Made of highest quality ventilated-for-comfort 3-ply cushioned material. Arm bands softlv padded. FOR MEN AND YVOMEN.Can't be detected under light clothing. SMOKE NEW kind of pipe. New principle LEARN UPHOLSTERING at home. Free Give measurement around chest. that contradicts ideas you've had about illustrated book shows how to upholster Only $4.95. Sent postpaid except pipe smoking. Guaranteed to smoke cool modern sofas, chairs, footstools, etc.; how on COD's. Money-back guarantee and mild hour after hour, day after day, to make a spare-time income or work if returned postpaid in 30 davs. without bite, bitterness or sludge. Send into a regular job. Complete set of tools, PIPER BRACE CO., DEPT. AL-75H name now for free facts. No obligation. materials for room of furniture included. Patent Pending 811 Wyandotte, K.C 5, Mo. E. A. Carey, 1920 Sunnyside Ave., Dept. Modern Upholstery Institute, Box 899-LJ, AL-7, Chicago, III. 60640 Orange, Calif.

SAVE UP TO SEPTIC TANK TROUBLE? 50% NORTHEL Reactivator _ Monthly of Loan' PaymenU works to keep septic tank m s 10 t h l vS and cesspool clean. A 45 Tpav s 1000 $100 $5.59 ma It's easy to borrow by mail. If bacteria concentrate From your Kodacolor negatives $300 $16.77 you are steadily employed, you breaks up solids and or exp. film. can borrow up to $1000 on your $500 $27.63 grease—works to pre- DEV. PRINTS signature only. No endorsers, no KODACOLOR & JUMBO Amount I 30 Monthly | vent overflow, back-up, time off from work, no personal of Loan' Payments interviews. Handled entirely by odors. Regular use can exp. roll $210 $36.62 £ 8 mail in strict confidence. Details $800 save costly or ^ pumping mailed in plain envelope. $1000 $45.10 digging. Simply mix dry powder in water, exp. roll $270 # 12 BUDGET FINANCE CO., Dept. LE 195 AMOUNT flush down toilet. Non-poisonous, non- postpaid St., Nebr. returned 1st class, 317 So. 20th Omaha 2, I NEED caustic. Money back guarantee of satis- Send Check or M0. or write for Free Mailers Name faction. Six months' supply, $3.35 ; full & Price List. SATISFACTION GUARANTEED, Address year's supplv only $6.00, postpaid. AMERICAN COLOR SERVICE Dept. 8 City State Zp if. NORTHEL DISTRIBUTORS, AL-7 P.O. Box 1 940 Bridgeport, Conn. 06601 P.O. Box 1103, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55440 Age Occupation THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1965 55 DOMESTIC ECONOMY Our vacation budget this summer's a honey. PARTING SHOTS We've doped out wise ways to go easy on money; Plush inns and motels we'll omit from our trips As well as cheap joints where you run into gyps; W7 e're staying off highways where cars are a mass Creeping in billows of monoxide gas; We're passing up camps where Dame Nature supplies Fleas, poison ivy, snakes, leeches and flies; By mountain and seashore we're ducking the chance Of prickly heat, sunburn and ants in our pants; (In fact, you have guessed it) while dumb dopes may roam We ain't going nowhere, we're holed up at home. Jim Davis

SOLID ADVICE Take good care of yourself. You'll find it hard to get a replacement. Sam Ewing

PROGRESS "Madge—Don't wait supper.' Plastic gadgets, plastic jars, Plastic bags and pouches, Plastic garments, plastic cars, Plastic chairs and couches:

PUPPY LOVE Will it come to plastic meat, He Plastic church and steeple, A little boy was just closing the deal for a newly-weaned puppy. Plastic light, and plastic heat; had picked tlie one he wanted from the litter and was prepared to depart people? when the kennel owner had a moment of doubt. Even plastic not Clarence Edwin Flynn "Oh. dear,'' she said, "perhaps I shouldn't let that one go. I'm sure if he is big enough to eat yet." WON'T POWER A look of alarm flashed across the boy's face. first thing the newly-budgeting "Gosh, lady," he said, "I don't want to eat him ... I love him!" The F. G. Kernan learn about buying is that it is cheaper by the doesn't. S. S. BlDDLE MORE TRUTH THAN POETRY An industrialist revisited his university for a class reunion and while on campus went to see his old economics professor. He found the professor grading examination papers. The tycoon picked up one and idly looked it over. "Professor," he exclaimed, "do you know that these are the same questions you asked my class 25 years ago? Don't you know that the students keep copies of these examinations of yours and pass them on to succeeding classes?" "Of course," replied the professor blandly, "but when it comes to economics, the answers are constantly changing!"

Dan Bewi i i

GRANDMA WASN'T FAZED Grandma Jones, though suffering from many of the ailments of old age, stubbornly refused to see the local doctor or permit any sort of medical examination. Her daughter, worried, decided to call in a well-known physician from a nearby city. When he arrived, she told him to quietly conduct his examination and not pay any attention to what Grandma Jones might say. After he had left, the daughter went up to her mother's room. "Who was that new lawyer who was here to see me?" asked Grandma. "That wasn't a lawyer— that was a doctor from the city that I called." "Oh," said Grandma Jones in surprise. "I thought he was a bit familiar

for a lawyer." "I banged our first car into our second Gottfried R. von Kronenberger car."

56 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1965 Alternate Uniform

Navy Blue Blazer and Grey Trousers approved for wear on all occasions.

Blazer— 100% all wool flannel or a light- weight tropical, 55% dacron 45% wool. Gold buttons, silk embroidered em- Nylon Jacket blem on outside pocket. Sizes 36 to 50 in Short, regular, long, extra-long and nylon in small, med., large, or ex- 100% stout (portly). Give weight, height, large. Navy blue (No. 70271) or white chest, and suit size when ordering (No. 70275) $6.95 blazers. • All wool flannel No. 77000) or Light- Watch Band—"Twist-O-Flex" by weight tropical (No. 77150) . . $25.00 Speidel. Standard end easily custom-fit to your watch. Trousers— All wool worsted regular weight (No. 77100) or 55% dacron 45% White stainless steel no. 74213. . $6.05 wool lightweight tropical (No. 77050). Yellow gold filled No. 74214 . . . 8.03 Unfinished bottoms. Sizes 29 to 46 in Ring— Black onyx set in 10K gold. White Short, Regular and Longs. In ordering gold inlay on shanks. Specify Size. give waist size and height. No. 73900 $23.10 Trousers $11.95 Tie Bar Set— Black onyx set in heavy gold-plate. No. 74613 $5.50

Attractive

American Legion

WA for all occasionsw

Vu-Lighter by Scripto. Emblem floats in visual fuel supply. Lifetime guarantee. No. 74902 $3.95

Billfold Card Case-Black "Elephant Membership Buttons

of . Hide" Vitex . . most leather like finish Midget Size produced. Removable 12 view Vinyl ac- No. 83711, 10K .... $2.64 cordian card holder. No. 74451 . . $3.85 No. 83713, 14K .... 3.63 Sheaffer Ball Pen— Extra large non-slip Regulation Size cartridge, safeguard clip. . . . will not No. 83717, 10K .... $3.63 clip until point retracted. Imprinted em- No. 83719, 14K .... 5.28 blem. No. 74268 $1.95 See the current Emblem Catalog for or diamond set or continuous Clothes cost Brush-Manicure Kit by Swank. membership buttons. Leather covered zippered top. Black (No. 74458) or Brown (No. 74459) . . . $4.35 IMHMHH THE AMERICAN LEGION. NATIONAL EMBLEM SALES Gift Dept.. P.O. Box 1954, Indianapolis, Indiana 46206 j/e

Enclosed is $_ Please rush the following

Send free catalog. Membership Card No.. ON ALL ORDERS UNDER $3.00, ADD 25c POSTAGE AND HANDLING PRICES INCLUDE FEDERAL EXCISE TAX WHERE APPLICABLE. Chesterfield Peop le:

They like a mild smoke, but just don't like filters. (How about you?)

Lioyd Van Vorce heads carpentry at new home sites in California Henry Silver is a retail druggist in Pennsylvania

Naomi Hatfield writes a fashion column in Minnesota Chesterfield People get the taste that satisfies . Do you?

If you like a mild smoke, but don't like filters— try today's Chesterfield King. Vintage tobaccos- grown mild, aged mild, blended mild. Made to taste even milder through longer length. They satisfy!

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