HISTORY of EAGLE Creekcoivmunityand SCHOOL DISTRICT NUMBER 17
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Oregon Historic Trails Report Book (1998)
i ,' o () (\ ô OnBcox HrsroRrc Tnans Rpponr ô o o o. o o o o (--) -,J arJ-- ö o {" , ã. |¡ t I o t o I I r- L L L L L (- Presented by the Oregon Trails Coordinating Council L , May,I998 U (- Compiled by Karen Bassett, Jim Renner, and Joyce White. Copyright @ 1998 Oregon Trails Coordinating Council Salem, Oregon All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. Oregon Historic Trails Report Table of Contents Executive summary 1 Project history 3 Introduction to Oregon's Historic Trails 7 Oregon's National Historic Trails 11 Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail I3 Oregon National Historic Trail. 27 Applegate National Historic Trail .41 Nez Perce National Historic Trail .63 Oregon's Historic Trails 75 Klamath Trail, 19th Century 17 Jedediah Smith Route, 1828 81 Nathaniel Wyeth Route, t83211834 99 Benjamin Bonneville Route, 1 833/1 834 .. 115 Ewing Young Route, 1834/1837 .. t29 V/hitman Mission Route, 184l-1847 . .. t4t Upper Columbia River Route, 1841-1851 .. 167 John Fremont Route, 1843 .. 183 Meek Cutoff, 1845 .. 199 Cutoff to the Barlow Road, 1848-1884 217 Free Emigrant Road, 1853 225 Santiam Wagon Road, 1865-1939 233 General recommendations . 241 Product development guidelines 243 Acknowledgements 241 Lewis & Clark OREGON National Historic Trail, 1804-1806 I I t . .....¡.. ,r la RivaÌ ï L (t ¡ ...--."f Pðiräldton r,i " 'f Route description I (_-- tt |". -
Why Our Flag Floats Over Oregon; Or, the Conquest of Our Great Northwest
WHY OUR FLAG FLOATS OVER OREGON SCENE ON THE WILLAMETTE RiVER. WRY OUR FLAG FLOATS OVER OREGON OR THE CONQUEST OF OUR GREAT NORTHWEST * LEAVITT H HALLOCK, D. D. Author of "Hawaii under King Kalakaua" PORTLAND MAINE SMITh & SALE PIJBLISHERS 1911 COPYRIGHT 1911 BY SMITH & SALE LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS PAGE Scene on the Willamette RiverFrontispiece Green Park School vii Mount Shasta . 3 Mount Hood, Oregon . 6 Portland, Oregon, and Mount Hood 11 Mount Adams, Oregon . 15 Rev. Cushing Eells, D.D. 19 High School, WalJa Walla. 23 House of John W. Langdon 26 A Walla Walla Residence . 31 Largest Apple Tree in the World . 34 "Old Mission" at Waiilatpu, Wash- ington. 36 ConservatoryofMusic, Whitman College . 39 Whitman College Gymnasium . 42 Mount "Ranier" or Mount "Ta- coma" . 45 Statue of Marcus Whitman. 47 Home of Prof. L. F. Anderson, Walla Walla . 49 In the Walla Walla Valley . 53 V LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS PAGE "The Great Grave" in 1866. 55 The Grave To-day . 59 Market Garden near Walla Walla. 61 Artesian Well, Walla Walla . 64 The Whitman Monument . 69 Whitman Memorial Building, Walla Walla . 71 Rev. Stephen B. L. Penrose . 75 Irrigation Pipe Line, Walla Walla 76 To 1IVT"IOOHDS NIYd NTI4f) FOREWORD INthe evolution oft/use United States Jive signal events occurred: the Louisiana Purchase; the Annexation of Texas; settling Oregon; acquiring Califbrnia; and buying Alaska; all of which swung wide our Western boundary, but for none of them did we go to war.Among them all, not one was more thrilling than the winning of Oregon. For generations the Hudson Bay Com- pany found fabulous profits in the Indian fur trade, from the Pacific to the Rockies, studiously guarding the country's secrets, and decrying the land as unproductive and unwholesome.It was their clear intent, when settlement became inevitable, to turn over the whole territory to England; and no American statesman was sufficiently alert to thwart their well-laid: schemes. -
Army Regulars on the Western Frontier, 1848-1861 / Dunvood Ball
Amy Regulars on the WestmFrontieq r 848-1 861 This page intentionally left blank Army Regulars on the Western Frontier DURWOOD BALL University of Oklahoma Press :Norman Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Ball, Dunvood, 1960- Army regulars on the western frontier, 1848-1861 / Dunvood Ball. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and index. ISBN 0-8061-3312-0 I. West (U.S.)-History, Military-I 9th century. 2. United States. Army-History- 19th century. 3. United States-Military policy-19th century. 4. Frontier and pioneer life-West (U.S.) 5. West (US.)-Race relations. 6. Indians of North Arnerica- Government relations-1789-1869. 7. Indians of North America-West (U.S.)- History-19th century. 8. Civil-military relations-West (U.S.)-History-19th century. 9. Violence-West (U.S.)-History-I 9th century. I. Title. F593 .B18 2001 3 5~'.00978'09034-dcz I 00-047669 CIP The paper in this book meets the guidelines for permanence and durability of the Committee on Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of the Council on Library Resources, Inc. m Copyright O 2001 by the University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, Publishing Division of the University. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the U.S.A. 12345678910 For Mom, Dad, and Kristina This page intentionally left blank CONTENTS List of Illustrations and Maps IX Preface XI Acknowledgments xv INT R o D U C T I o N : Organize, Deploy, and Multiply XIX Prologue 3 PART I. DEFENSE, WAR, AND POLITICS I Ambivalent Duty: Soldiers, Indians, and Frontiersmen I 3 2 All Front, No Rear: Soldiers, Desert, and War 24 3 Chastise Them: Campaigns, Combat, and Killing 3 8 4 Internal Fissures: Soldiers, Politics, and Sectionalism 56 PART 11. -
Whitman Mission
WHITMAN MISSION NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE WASHINGTON At the fur traders' Green River rendezvous that A first task in starting educational work was to Waiilatpu, the emigrants replenished their supplies perstitious Cayuse attacked the mission on November year the two men talked to some Flathead and Nez learn the Indians' languages. The missionaries soon from Whitman's farm before continuing down the 29 and killed Marcus Whitman, his wife, and 11 WHITMAN Perce and were convinced that the field was promis devised an alphabet and began to print books in Columbia. others. The mission buildings were destroyed. Of ing. To save time, Parker continued on to explore Nez Perce and Spokan on a press brought to Lapwai the survivors a few escaped, but 49, mostly women Oregon for sites, and Whitman returned east to in 1839. These books were the first published in STATION ON THE and children, were taken captive. Except for two MISSION recruit workers. Arrangements were made to have the Pacific Northwest. OREGON TRAIL young girls who died, this group was ransomed a Rev. Henry Spalding and his wife, Eliza, William For part of each year the Indians went away to month later by Peter Skene Ogden of the Hudson's Waiilatpu, "the Place of the Rye Grass," is the Gray, and Narcissa Prentiss, whom Whitman mar the buffalo country, the camas meadows, and the When the Whitmans Bay Company. The massacre ended Protestant mis site of a mission founded among the Cayuse Indians came overland in 1836, the in 1836 by Marcus and Narcissa Whitman. As ried on February 18, 1836, assist with the work. -
Agricultural Development in Western Oregon, 1825-1861
Portland State University PDXScholar Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses 1-1-2011 The Pursuit of Commerce: Agricultural Development in Western Oregon, 1825-1861 Cessna R. Smith Portland State University Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Smith, Cessna R., "The Pursuit of Commerce: Agricultural Development in Western Oregon, 1825-1861" (2011). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 258. https://doi.org/10.15760/etd.258 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. The Pursuit of Commerce: Agricultural Development in Western Oregon, 1825-1861 by Cessna R. Smith A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History Thesis Committee: William L. Lang, Chair David A. Horowitz David A. Johnson Barbara A. Brower Portland State University ©2011 ABSTRACT This thesis examines how the pursuit of commercial gain affected the development of agriculture in western Oregon’s Willamette, Umpqua, and Rogue River Valleys. The period of study begins when the British owned Hudson’s Bay Company began to farm land in and around Fort Vancouver in 1825, and ends in 1861—during the time when agrarian settlement was beginning to expand east of the Cascade Mountains. Given that agriculture -
Whitman and Sager Stories for the Young Reader
Whitman and Sager Stories for the Young Reader Books about the Whitman Mission and the Orphaned Sager Children Who Traveled the Oregon Trail A Selected Bibliography February 2007 Washington State Library Office of the Secretary of State 6880 Capitol Boulevard South, Tumwater WA www.secstate.wa.gov/library The items selected for Whitman and Sager Stories for the Young Reader are those that, in the bibliographer’s estimation, are appropriate for children and young adults who are studying the Whitman mission and the early Oregon Trail. The majority of these stories focus on Marcus and Narcissa Whitman’s missionary work at Waiilatpu, their adoption of the seven Sager children who were orphaned on their journey west, and the Whitman “Massacre.” A number of the titles on this list were not written specifically with a young adult audience in mind. Rather, some works on this topic could be suitable for older readers, or be used by a teacher to create a Whitman-themed lesson plan. Advanced readers may also benefit from reading directly from the primary sources on the topic, such as Narcissa Whitman’s letters or the accounts of the surviving Sager children (published in a variety of formats and available at the Washington State Library). Books in this bibliography that are written at a higher reading level have been marked “for older children.” In creating Whitman and Sager Stories for the Young Reader, the author corresponded with the National Park Service (NPS), which operates the Whitman Mission National Historic Site. The NPS expressed a desire to warn educators about two myths that appear in some Whitman and Sager accounts and are unsubstantiated by historical accounts. -
Investigating Processes Shaping Willamette Valley
BEHIND THE SCENES: INVESTIGATING PROCESSES SHAPING WILLAMETTE VALLEY ARCHITECTURE 1840-1865 WITH A CASE STUDY IN BROWNSVILLE by SUSAN CASHMAN TREXLER A THESIS Presented to the Interdisciplinary Studies Program: Historic Preservation and the Graduate School of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science June 2014 THESIS APPROVAL PAGE Student: Susan Cashman Trexler Title: Behind the Scenes: Investigating Processes Shaping Willamette Valley Architecture 1840-1865 With a Case Study in Brownsville This thesis has been accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Science degree in the Interdisciplinary Studies Program: Historic Preservation by: Dr. Susan Hardwick Chairperson Liz Carter Committee Member and Kimberly Andrews Espy Vice President for Research and Innovation; Dean of the Graduate School Original approval signatures are on file with the University of Oregon Graduate School. Degree awarded June 2014 ii © 2014 Susan Cashman Trexler iii THESIS ABSTRACT Susan Cashman Trexler Master of Science Interdisciplinary Studies Program: Historic Preservation June 2014 Title: Behind the Scenes: Investigating Processes Shaping Willamette Valley Architecture 1840-1865 With a Case Study in Brownsville This thesis studies the diffusion of architectural types and the rise of regionally distinct typologies in the Willamette Valley’s settlement period (1840-1865) in Oregon. Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to analyze the dispersion of architectural types within the Willamette Valley revealed trends amongst the extant settlement architecture samples. Brownsville, Oregon, was identified to have a locally-specific architectural subtype, the closer study of which enabled deeper investigation of the development of architectural landscapes during the Willamette Valley’s settlement period. -
Brochurewhole 2014 Copy
A Piece o Location: ing f H h ist 29912 SE Hwy 211 Annual Events uc o o r T y Eagle Creek, OR 97022 Third Saturday of June, 11-4:00 Mary Charlotte's Garden Party Third Saturday of July 1:00-4:00 Pioneer History Day Third Saturday of August 11-4:00 Cider Squeeze Last Saturday of September 10-4:00 Haunted Farm Saturday before Halloween 6-8:00 p.m. Facilities Parking for cars and buses, modern rest rooms Christmas in the Country and picnic tables for guests. Most buildings First Saturday of December, 11-4:00 are wheelchair accessible. Hours of Operation Grounds and interpretive signage available dawn to dusk every day. Buildings open 11-4:00 Saturdays from May-October, and Tuesday - Saturday from Father's Day to Labor Day. Admission $5.00 per person, or $20.00 per family. Mailing Address: Jacknife-Zion-Horseheaven Historical Society PO Box 1040, Estacada, OR 97023 Email: [email protected] Phone: 503-637-6324 Website: www.philipfosterfarm.com Real History Real Fun Philip and Mary Charlotte Foster arrived in Bring the whole family to experience pioneer Oregon by ship in 1843, and immediately life with authentic, hands-on activities. Pack a established a store and farm in Oregon City. real wagon, build a log cabin, try out a cross- When Sam Barlow arrived in 1845, the two men entered into a partnership to develop a cut saw, grind corn and do laundry on a scrub road around Mount Hood for the arriving board. Tour the 1860’s barn and 1883 farm- wagon trains. -
A~Bington ;!)Istorical ~Uarttrl!
VOL. XlV., No.3 July, 1923 utbt .a~bington ;!)istorical ~uarttrl!, INRODUCTION OF CATTLE INTO THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST The domestic animals have enabled the European peoples to take and hold economic possession of new lands. Where grass grows and water nms cattle have helped man to live; their leather has clothed his feet; their milk and flesh have furnished food; their sturdy shoulders have drawn his loads. The Oregon country is well adapted to all kinds of livestock and early in its history the future possibilities of the cattle industries were noted. The first cattle in the Pacific Northwest were brought to Nootka Sound during the time that the Spanish Government kept an armed force there to maintain Spanish claims. In 1789, work was begun, but for reasons not known, was discontinued in the late fall, and the expedition withdrew. The Spaniards under the command of Eliza, reoccupied the site in 1790, and constructed a fort and buildings that housed the garrison until the final evacua tion in 1795. Cattle were brought, either from Mexico or Cali fornia, that are mentioned in more than one description of Nootka during the period of Spanish occupation. They seem to have been black in color, and are so described by Vancouver who arrived at Nootka in the last days of August, 1792. He says: "The poultry, consisting of fowls and turkies, was in excellent order as were the black cattle and the swine". The unknown author of the "New Vancouver Journal" gives more information regarding the livestock at Nootka : "In the evening the Governor [Quadra] sent a couple of fine sheep with a large stock of cabbages, &c. -
THE SIGNERS of the OREGON MEMORIAL of 1838 the Present Year, 1933, Is One of Unrest and Anxiety
THE SIGNERS OF THE OREGON MEMORIAL OF 1838 The present year, 1933, is one of unrest and anxiety. But a period of economic crisis is not a new experience in the history of our nation. The year 1837 marked the beginning of a real panic which, with its after-effects lasted well into 1844. This panic of 1837 created a restless population. Small wonder, then, that an appeal for an American Oregon from a handful of American settlers in a little log mission-house, on the banks of the distant Willamette River, should have cast its spell over the depression-striken residents of the Middle Western and Eastern sections of the United States. The Memorial itself, the events which led to its inception, and the detailed story o~ how it was carried across a vast contin ent by the pioneer Methodist missioinary, Jason Lee, have already been published by the present writer.* An article entitled The Oregon Memorial of 1838" in the Oregon Historical Quarterly for March, 1933, also by the writer, constitutes the first docu mented study of the Memorial. Present-day citizens of the "New Oregon" will continue to have an abiding interest in the life stories of the rugged men who signed this historiq first settlers' petition in the gray dawn of Old Oregon's history. The following article represents the first attempt to present formal biographical sketches of the thirty-six signers of this pioneer document. The signers of the Oregon Memorial of 1838 belonged to three distinct groups who resided in the Upper Willamette Valley and whose American headquarters were the Methodist Mission house. -
Road to Oregon Written by Dr
The Road to Oregon Written by Dr. Jim Tompkins, a prominent local historian and the descendant of Oregon Trail immigrants, The Road to Oregon is a good primer on the history of the Oregon Trail. Unit I. The Pioneers: 1800-1840 Who Explored the Oregon Trail? The emigrants of the 1840s were not the first to travel the Oregon Trail. The colorful history of our country makes heroes out of the explorers, mountain men, soldiers, and scientists who opened up the West. In 1540 the Spanish explorer Coronado ventured as far north as present-day Kansas, but the inland routes across the plains remained the sole domain of Native Americans until 1804, when Lewis and Clark skirted the edges on their epic journey of discovery to the Pacific Northwest and Zeb Pike explored the "Great American Desert," as the Great Plains were then known. The Lewis and Clark Expedition had a direct influence on the economy of the West even before the explorers had returned to St. Louis. Private John Colter left the expedition on the way home in 1806 to take up the fur trade business. For the next 20 years the likes of Manuel Lisa, Auguste and Pierre Choteau, William Ashley, James Bridger, Kit Carson, Tom Fitzgerald, and William Sublette roamed the West. These part romantic adventurers, part self-made entrepreneurs, part hermits were called mountain men. By 1829, Jedediah Smith knew more about the West than any other person alive. The Americans became involved in the fur trade in 1810 when John Jacob Astor, at the insistence of his friend Thomas Jefferson, founded the Pacific Fur Company in New York. -
HIGH DESERT VOICES February 2017
HIGH DESERT VOICES February 2017 News and Information published by and for Volunteers Oregon’s Gold Rush by Ralph Berry, Newsletter Writer The California gold rush began in late 1848 when James Mar- shall found gold at Sutter’s Mill in the American River near Co- loma, California. Thousands of prospective gold miners traveled to California from all over the world in search of their fortune. Many of these early prospectors were from Oregon. A total of $2 billion worth of gold was extracted from California mines during the Gold Rush, which peaked in 1852. After gold prospecting began to de- cline in California, miners started exploring other regions in the West. Jacksonville - Gold was discovered in Oregon in Jackson County in December 1851 or early January of 1852 by James Clug- gage and John Poole on Rich Gulch in Jackson Creek and Daisy Placer mining. File photo Creek, two small tributaries of the Rouge River. Soon after gold was discovered, several mining districts were formed, which included both forks of Jackson Creek and its tributaries of the Rouge River. One of the richest districts was the Apple- gate Creek area. The gold was found mainly in the gravel “bars” of the creek, which for a distance of four miles was very rich. Most of the gold in the Jacksonville area was removed by placer miners working gravel diggings, some of which were twenty feet thick. The annual value of gold in Jackson County averaged about $210,000. Some very rich quartz ledges were also discovered in the county and lode mines were established.