Urban Public Space and Land Management Local Assessment for Equitable Growth in Gulu and Mbale Municipalities, Uganda Main Report Authors: Paul I
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
CitiesAlliance Cities Without Slums GULU MBALE Urban Public Space and Land Management Local Assessment for Equitable Growth in Gulu and Mbale Municipalities, Uganda Main Report Authors: Paul I. Mukwaya Peter Wegulo Denis Tugume Peter Kasaija Supervision and Coordination: Dmitry Pozhidaev, UNCDF Uganda Design: Design@Bay September 2018 Copyright © UNCDF All rights reserved The views expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the United Nations, including UNCDF, or their Member States. The designations employed and the presentation of material on the map(s) and graph(s) contained in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations or UNCDF concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Local Assessment of Urban Public Space and Land Management for Equitable Growth in Gulu and Mbale Municipalities, Uganda Main Report Acknowledgments Tappy Namulondo : Town Clerk, MMC Francis Barabanawe : Town Clerk, GMC Mutwalib Zandya : Mayor, MMC Rhoda Nyaribi : Environment Officer, MMC George Aligech : President, Municipal Development Forum Sarah Apio : Ag. Clerk to Council, GMC Monday Ruth Buckley : Community Development Officer, GMC John Charles Luwa : Municipal Economic Planner, GMC Alex Ojera : Ag. Secretary, Gulu District Land Board Evelyn Mukonyezi : Physical Planner, GMC Hellen Ossaba : Assistant Librarian, MMC Eunice Muyama : District Physical Planner, Mbale DLG Joseph Lanyisi : Enforcement Officer, MMC Fred Nambafo : Physical Planner, MMC Moses Wotsomu : Economic Planner, MMC Angella Neumbe : Community Development Officer, MMC Eva Walwema : Human Resources Officer, MMC EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Did anyone know that an estimated 299 and 138.15 hectares of Mbale and Gulu Municipalities respectively are public space? That size of the municipalities’ land is for the public, to play, to create, to walk, to relax, to imagine, to paint, to dance, to make music, to perform, to protest, to sing, to come together, to share, among others. This consultancy to prepare a Local Assessment Report (LAR) on Public Space and Land Management in Gulu and Mbale Municipalities was commissioned by UNCDF in partnership with Cities Alliance, the global partnership for poverty reduction and the promotion of cities in sustainable development with a representative global membership of over 30 full and associate members to implement the Joint Work Programme on Equitable Economic Growth in Cities in Uganda. The main purpose of the consultancy was to assist two municipal governments, to develop well-researched and evidence-based policy recommendations on how to improve the delivery of municipal public goods and service that contribute to equitable economic growth. This report is geared at facilitating UNCDF and other JWP members to support the promotion of equitable access to public goods and services in the selected Ugandan cities, based on local needs, capacities and priorities. The study team undertook its assignment in close collaboration with the relevant municipal authorities and Municipal Development Forums, Ministry of Lands, Housing and Urban Development, Ministry of Local Government, Urban Authorities Association of Uganda (UAAU) and other relevant government and non-government stakeholders as well as with the JWP members in Uganda (Cities Alliance, DFID, World Bank and GIZ). The teams explored how existing processes mediate public space and land management. Through an inventory of the respective public space and land management mechanisms and a critical examination of the challenges, opportunities and capacity issues around access by various stakeholder groups to these assets, the study drew valuable insights into how the relevant authorities could improve provision of public services for equitable economic growth. The study has established that the early planning of the two municipalities was built on the neighbourhood principle with ample provision of public spaces. The early development of Mbale Municipality was dictated by ample and public space including Uhuru Park, Golf Course, Cricket Grounds, Children’s Park, Rugby Grounds, Mbale Central Forest Reserve, Namakwekwe Childrens Park, Mpumudde Playground and several other neighbourhood parks and school playgrounds spread across the municipality. Equally important are the early needs for open spaces in Gulu Municipality with Pece War Memorial Stadium, Golf Course, Boma Grounds, Kaunda Grounds and Gulu Central Forest Reserve as the most dominant public spaces. The amount of public space in Mbale and Gulu Municipality varies widely, with Mbale having twice the amount of public spaces (in fact 2.162 times) that Gulu Municipality has. The distribution of public spaces in Mbale Municipality forms a triangular shape with the largest number of the spaces located from the centre of town southwards. On the other hand, the existing public spaces in Gulu Municipality are distributed along a linear axis; an arc stretching from the east through the centre of the municipality to the western direction. II | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY TABLE 1: Size of Public Spaces by Classification in Mbale and Gulu Municipality Mbale Municipality Gulu Municipality #sites Hectares #sites Hectares Stadium 1 3.548 1 2.413 Green/ Open Spaces 11 41.074 10 31.035 Playgrounds 12 6.656 1 15.973 Markets 5 3.834 10 30.468 School grounds 8 18.234 11 33.189 Natural areas 1 222.575 1 25.077 Cemetery 2 2.635 1 0 Library 1 0.127 1 n/a Total 41 298.683 34 138.154 FIGURE 1: Public Spaces in Mbale Municipality EXECUTIVE SUMMARY | III Overall, we observed that residents of the two municipalities are not well served with public spaces. In Mbale and Gulu Municipalities, the current provision level of public space per 1,000 residents was 0.8518 and 0.91915 hectares respectively. This state of provisioning public spaces tells us that Mbale and Gulu Municipalities in general are deficient given the international standard recommended provision. When the provisioning of public spaces is considered by division, it ranges from 0.585ha/1,000 residents in Industrial Division to 3.181ha/1,000 residents in the less populated Wanale Division in Mbale Municipality. On the other hand, the provisioning in Gulu Municipality ranges from 0.10188ha/1,000 residents in Layibi Division to 1.35667ha/1,000 residents in Bardege Division. It is only Bardege and Wanale Divisions in Gulu and Mbale Municipality respectively that have a surplus of public spaces for every 1000 residents. Their level of provisioning stands at 1.357 and 3.181 hectares per 1000 residents. Among the seven divisions, it is also evident that Layibi Division in Gulu Municipality reveals exceptionally low levels of provision of public space. Regardless of which standard is applied, both municipalities fare badly. FIGURE 2: Public Spaces in Gulu Municipality IV | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY TABLE 2: Current and Future Space Needs in Mbale and Gulu Municipality Mbale Municipality Gulu Municipality Total population (2014) 89350 150306 Size (hectares) 76.108 138.15 Available space Provision (ha/1000 0.852 0.919 residents) Size (hectares) 107.22 180.37 Required public space (2017) Deficit (hectares) -31.1116 -42.21 Projected futures needs of 2030 212.96 245.16 public space (hectares) 2050 481.82 319.21 To quantify how much is available and that which is required, the gap analysis shows that currently the municipalities require 107.22 ha and 180.367 ha of public space for Mbale and Gulu Municipalities respectively. Based on projected population increases future public space supply is estimated to drop substantially to 0.429ha/1,000 residents and 0.676ha/1,000 residents in Mbale and Gulu Municipality respectively by 2030, if the two respective authorities take no decisive action to reverse current trends. The proportion of public space could drop even further to 0.19ha/1,000 residents and 0.519ha/1,000 residents in both cases respectively under a business-as-usual scenario by 2050. These findings show that the municipalities are anticipated to remain deficient in the future with regards to public space supply. It should also be noted that once proper planning is done in the two municipalities and given the current population growth rates, the projected futures public space needs by 2030 would amount to 212.96 ha and 245.16 ha for Mbale and Gulu municipalities respectively. This would increase to 482.82 ha and 319.21 ha by 2050 for the two municipalities respectively. This demonstrates the need for municipal authorities to be very proactive in providing more public space but also take decisive action to enforce the protection and maintenance of existing public spaces. The Local Government Act Cap 243 provides autonomy to local governments to prepare or cause to prepare Physical Development Plans, carry out land surveys, land administration and environmental management. The Act granted urban authorities various responsibilities, notably the delivery of essential social services such as education and healthcare and it also grants the municipalities the authority to acquire, establish, develop, maintenance or manage of public parks, garden and recreation grounds. Currently, the existing physical development plans for the two municipalities lack detailed and clear protocols or standard guidelines on how they (plan to) manage public spaces, let alone an existing inventory or understanding of the public agencies