Profile: West Coast

Home , Bitterfontein, Doring River, Ebenhaeser, Goedverwacht, Langebaan, Langebaanweg

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CONTENT

1. Executive Summary ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 2. Brief Overview ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.1. Historical Perspective ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.2. Location ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.3. Spatial Integration ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.3. Land Ownership ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3. Social Development Profile ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.1. Key Social Demographics ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.1.1. Population...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.1.2. Gender, Age and Race ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.1.3. Households ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.2. Health ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.3. Covid-19 ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.4. Poverty Dimensions ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.4.1. Distribution ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.4.2. Inequality ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.4.3. Employment/Unemployment ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.4.4. Crime ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.5. Education and Skills Profile ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 4. 4. Economic Drivers ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 4.1. Structure of the Economy ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 4.2 Primary Sector ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 4.2.1 Agriculture ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 4.3 Secondary Sector ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 4.3.1 Manufacturing ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 4.4 Tertiary Sector ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 4.4.1. Transport ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 4.4.2. Tourism ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 4.5. Informal Sector ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 5. Service Delivery...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 5.1. Water and Sanitation ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 5.2. Human Settlements ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 5.3. Waste Management ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 5.4. Electricity ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 5.5. Roads and Transport ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 6. Governance ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 6.1. Municipal Performance ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 6.2. Municipal Capacity ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 6.3. Traditional Leadership Governance ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 7. Project to Diversify and Grow the Economy ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 7.1. Economic Projects ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 7.2. Social Development Projects...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 7.3. Spatial Development ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 7.4. Environmental Forecast ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 8. Key Recommendations ...... Error! Bookmark not defined.

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COVID

Source:CSIR/NCDM

19Vulnerability Index

WestCoast

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1. Executive Summary The West Coast District covers an area of 31 229 km2 and is situated along the Atlantic coast of the Western Cape, extending approximately 350 km from north to south. It includes the coastal plain and is bounded on the east by the mountains of the escarpment, though in the case of the Cederberg Mountains the border passes further to the east along the Doring River. The largest towns in the district are Vredendal and Saldanha Bay on the Cape Columbine Peninsula, Malmesbury in the Swartland and Vredendal in the Olifants River Valley. The district is divided into five local municipalities which are:

• Bergrivier; • Cederberg; • Matzikama; • Saldanha Bay; and • Swartland.

In 2018 there were a total of 131 000 households in the West Coast District. The average household size has reduced from 3.6 in 2008 to 3.5 in 2018. More than 39 000 of these households are located in the Swartland Local Municipality followed by just over 35 000 households in the Saldanha Local Municipality.

In respect of COVID-19, as at 01 July 2020 there were 1 516 cases and 907 recoveries. Of great concern is the fact there are 18 200 HIV positive people in the district (West Coast District Health report 2018/29), which is one of the comorbidities that may exacerbate the negative impact of COVID-19.

In 2019, there were 224 000 people living in poverty, using the upper poverty line definition, across West Coast District Municipality - this is 44.05% higher than the 156 000 in 2009. The percentage of people living in poverty has increased from 42.65% in 2009 to 47.40% in 2019, which indicates a increase of -4.76 percentage.The District’s Gini’s coefficient has been on the rise and is 0.60 and the Human Development Index (HDI) is above 0.7.

The lower-bound poverty line has increased from R370 in 2006 to R758 per person per month in 2017 while the upper-bound poverty line has increased from R575 in 2006 to R1 138 per person per month in 2017. During the 2009-2018 period, the West Coast has created over 30, 000 jobs, which resulted in a 24% increase in jobs.

From a service delivery perspective, 81.18% of the total number of PROFILE: WEST COAST 7

households have piped water inside the dwelling. 15.20 % get water in the yard and 1.30% of households have no access to formal water.

West Coast District Municipality had a total number of 96 700 (74.42% of total households) very formal dwelling units, a total of 15 200 (11.73% of total households) formal dwelling units and a total number of 10 600 (8.17% of total households) informal dwelling units. The region within West Coast with the highest number of flush toilets is Swartland Local Municipality with 36 000 or a share of 29.53% of the flush toilets within West Coast. The region with the lowest number of flush toilets is Cederberg Local Municipality with a total of 14 800. When looking at the sanitation backlog (number of households without hygienic toilets), it can be seen that in 2008 the number of Households without any hygienic toilets in West Coast District Municipality was 8 260, this decreased annually at a rate of -2.14% to 6 650 in 2018.

The top 3 sectors in the West Coast District in terms of GVA include Finance, Manufacturing and Agriculture. The 10-year trend shows that the agriculture, forestry and fishing sector registered the highest average growth rates (4.3 per cent).

2. Introduction: Brief Overview 2.1 Location

The West Coast District covers an area of 31 229km² and comprises 24% of the total area of the Western Cape but hosts merely 6.8% of the provincial population. The District is bounded by the Namakwa District of the Northern Cape in the northeast and in the southeast and south by the Cape Winelands District and the Cape Metro. A unique characteristic of the District is that all five the local municipalities include portions of the approximately 350km of coastline area along the Atlantic Ocean to the west.

It is comprised of five local municipalities: Swartland, with Malmesbury as the administrative centre; Bergrivier, with Piketberg as the administrative centre; Matzikama, with Vredendal as the administrative centre; Cederberg, with Clanwilliam as the administrative centre; and Saldanha Bay, with Vredenburg as the administrative centre. Moorreesburg is the seat of the district. 8 PROFILE: WEST COAST

“…INCLUDING WITHIN ITS PARAMETERS THE INDESCRIBABLY BEAUTIFUL CEDERBERG MOUNTAINS, FAMOUS FOR CENTURIES-OLD ROCK ART.” 2.2 Historical Perspective

The West Coast stretches from Cape Town as far as the border with the Northern Cape at Touws River, including within its parameters the indescribably beautiful Cederberg Mountains, famous for centuries-old rock art. All along this stretch of coastline is a series of quaint historic towns and fishing villages with names like Lambert’s Bay, Paternoster, Saldanha and Langebaan that today roll with ease off the tongue, but until fairly recently were left to languor in relative obscurity.

The region is Rooibos tea country, being the only place in the world where the bush, producing this healthy beverage, is grown. The land has, for most of its recorded history, been used for large-scale wheat farming and has become known as the breadbasket of South Africa. The oldest wine estate dates to 1696. The name 'Swartland' (black land) originated from the indigenous Renosterveld, the unique and threatened vegetation of the area. These shrubs are dark grey and turn almost black in summer, therefore the name. The only green granite in the world is transported from the town of Bitterfontein. The villages are small, and many have their origins as mission stations or stock posts and still reflect this quaint character. PROFILE: WEST COAST 9

2.3 Spatial Integration

The municipality, which covers an area of 31,119 square kilometers, lies along the Atlantic coast of the Western Cape, extending approximately 350 kilometres from north to south. It includes the coastal plain and is generally bounded on the east by the mountains of the escarpment, though in the case of the Cederberg mountains the border passes further to the east, along the doring river, so that the mountains are included in the municipal area. The southernmost part of the district, adjacent to Cape Town, is known as the Swartland and is primarily a grain-farming area. The Berg River flows across the Swartland from its sources in the boland mountains. On the coast west of the Swartland is the Cape Columbine peninsula, with several coastal holiday resorts as well as the ore-export harbor at Saldanha bay. On the north, the Swartland is bounded by mountains which separate it from the Olifants River Valley.

2.4 Land Ownership

Land in the West Coast District is primarily privately owned. There are however a few areas where the ownership should be noted:

• Moravian Mission Stations where land is communally owned by the church: Goedverwacht, Wittewater and Wupperthal • Land held in Trust for the Community by the national department responsible for land reform in terms of the Rural Areas Act, Act 9 of 1987: Ebenhaeser • SANParks: West Coast National Park

• SA Navy: SAS Saldanha and Military Academy of the University of Stellenbosch • SA Air Force: Air Force Base Langebaanweg

• Transnet National Ports Authority: Saldanha Port The upper valley of the Olifants is predominantly a citrus-farming region. The Cederberg mountains, much of which are a protected wilderness area, rise from the eastern bank of the river, while along the coast to the west are fishing and holiday villages. The Olifants river continues northwards until, on the edge of the Knersvlakte, it turns west towards the Atlantic. In the lower valley there is a narrow strip of lush agricultural land irrigated by the river's water. The Knersvlakte, which is part of the arid Namaqualand region, forms the northernmost part of the district. The largest towns in the district are Vredenburg and Saldanha on the Cape Columbine peninsula, Malmesbury in the Swartland, and Vredendal in the Olifants River Valley. 10 PROFILE: WEST COAST

3. Social Demographic Profile 3.1 Key Social Demographics

3.1.1 Population With the Coloured population group representing 63.9% of the District Municipality's total population, the overall population pyramid for the region will mostly reflect that of the African population group.

When comparing the 2009 population pyramid with the 2019 pyramid for the West Coast District Municipality, some interesting differences are visible: • In 2009, there were a slightly smaller share of young working age people - aged 20 to 34 (26.0%) - compared to 2019 (26.4%). • Fertility in 2009 was slightly higher compared to that of 2019. • The share of children between the ages of 0 to 14 years is significantly larger in 2009 (26.3%) compared to 2019 (24.5%). • Life expectancy is increasing.

In 2019, the female population for the 20 to 34 years age group amounted to 12.9% of the total female population while the male population group for the same age amounted to 13.0% of the total male population. In 2009 the male working age population at 13.2% did not exceeds that of the female population working age population at 13.2%.

Population pyramid - West Coast District Municipality, 2009 vs. 2019 [Percentage] Population structure West Coast, 2009 vs. 2019 Male Female 2009 75+ 2019 70-74 65-69 60-64 55-59 50-54 45-49 40-44 35-39 30-34 25-29 20-24 15-19 10-14 05-09 00-04

30 000 20 000 10 000 0 10 000 20 000 30 000 Source: IHS Markit Regional eXplorer version 1946 PROFILE: WEST COAST 11

3.1.2 Gender, Age and Race In 2018, the female population for the 20 to 34 years’ age group amounted to 12.8% of the total female population while the male population group for the same age amounted to 13.0% of the total male population. In 2008 the male working age population at 13.4% still exceeds that of the female population working age population at 13.4%. Total population can be categorized according to the population group, as well as the sub-categories of age and gender. The population groups include African, White, Colored and Asian. As indicated in the below table, the age subcategory divides the population into 5-year cohorts.

Africa Whit Coloured Asia Femalenaaaa Male Femalee Male Female Male Femalen Male n 00-04 3,590 3,880 1,410 1,490 14,100 14,500 154 153 05-09 2,790 2,990 1,790 1,870 14,600 14,600 151 105 10-14 2,530 2,450 2,010 1,830 13,300 13,400 138 159 15-19 3,020 2,910 1,770 1,650 12,400 12,000 126 126 20-24 6,700 6,310 1,290 1,350 12,400 12,300 118 140 25-29 7,060 7,480 1,500 1,520 11,900 12,000 131 143 30-34 7,170 7,310 2,170 1,970 11,500 11,400 101 113 35-39 4,900 5,600 2,340 2,330 10,800 10,600 109 138 40-44 2,540 3,910 2,460 2,540 9,720 9,660 82 162 45-49 1,520 2,310 2,430 2,410 9,240 8,830 79 117 50-54 1,340 1,970 2,240 2,380 8,600 7,860 46 90 55-59 1,070 1,240 2,340 2,360 6,920 6,850 70 51 60-64 942 1,290 2,080 2,130 5,520 4,900 60 57 65-69 685 809 2,060 2,010 4,200 3,570 25 36 70-74 524 463 1,960 1,570 2,710 2,390 20 13 75+ 525 490 3,380 1,950 2,680 1,990 37 26 Total 46,900 51,400 33,200 31,400 151,000 147,000 1,440 1,630

3.1.3 Households The growth in the number of Colored headed households was on average 2.43% per annum between 2008 and 2018, or by 16 100 in this period. Although the Asian population group is not the biggest, it was however the fastest growing population group between 2008 and 2018 at 7.95%. The average annual growth rate in the number of households for all the other population groups has increased with 2.82%.

Number of Households by Population group Source: IHS Markit Regional eXplorer version 1854

Coloure d

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3.2 Health Profile The West Coast District municipal area had 62 primary healthcare clinics (PHC) in 2018, which comprises of 25 fixed and 37 mobile clinics as well as one community day centre. In addition, there are 7 district hospitals, as well as 43 antiretroviral treatment clinics/ treatment sites and 75 tuberculosis clinics/ treatment sites

PHC Clinics Hospitals Treatment Sites Commu- Commu- Area Non- nity Health nity Day Regio- ART TB Fixed fixed Centres Centres District nal Clinics Clinics

West Coast 25 37 0 1 7 0 43 75 WesterDistrict n Cape 190 177 11 62 33 5 283 448

In 2018, there were 43 ART clinics/treatment sites in the West Coast District municipal area. The West Coast District’s total registered patients receiving ARTs increased significantly between 2017 and 2018 (increase of 1 053 patients). The number of new antiretroviral patients fell by 7, from 2 125 to 2 118 between 2017 and 2018. This could be an indication that the number of HIV infections is decreasing or an indication that less people are being tested and receiving access to HIV treatment.

In 2018, the West Coast District experienced a decline in TB cases from 3 800 in 2017 to 3 611 in 2018. The West Coast District with 3 611 TB patients represents 8.8 per cent of the Province’s total patient load. The TB patients are treated in 75 TB clinics or treatment sites across the WCD municipal area. Neonatal mortality rate (NMR) (per 1 000 live births) in the West Coast area has improved from 9.2 in 2017 to 6.4 in 2018. An improvement in the NMR may indicate progression in new-born health outcomes. The maternal mortality rate in the West Coast District is 71 deaths per 100 000 live births in 2018.

3.3 COVID-19

As of 10 July https://coronavirus.westerncape.gov.za/( according to coronavirus.westerncape.gov.za) there are 75 718 confirmed cases of Covid-19 infections in the Western Cape province. A total of 340 286 tests have been conducted, 16 302 active cases, 57 134 recorded recoveries and 2 282 deaths. The province of the Western Cape recorded a total of 1 680 hospital admissions of which 322 are in ICU or high care. The West Coast District Municipality has a record of 2 054 COVID19 cases, with 1380 recoveries. PROFILE: WEST COAST 13

3.4 Poverty Dimensions

3.4.1 Distribution In 2019, there were 224 000 people living in poverty, using the upper poverty line definition, across West Coast District Municipality - this is 44.05% higher than the 156 000 in 2009. The percentage of people living in poverty has increased from 42.65% in 2009 to 47.40% in 2019, an increase of -4.76 percentage points.

3.4.2 Inequality The District’s Gini’s coefficient has been on the rise and is above 0.58 and the Human Development Index (HDI) is above 0.7. Saldanha Bay Municipality had the highest inequality levels in the District, with a gini coefficient of 0.604 and Bergrivier Municipality the lowest with a gini of 0.579. Income inequality in the West Coast District has worsened between 2012 and 2018, with the gini coefficient increasing from 0.560 in 2012 to 0.595 in 2018.

3.4.3 Employment/Unemployment

According to Wazimaps, 52.6 % of the population in the district is employed. This is a little higher than the rate in the Western Cape (50.06%) and 1.4 time the rate in South Africa (38.87%) Unemployment remains a key challenge for the West Coast District, with rising population numbers. Up-skilling of the labor force, implementation 14 PROFILE: WEST COAST of levers such as local economic development strategies are all key in order to increase potential employment opportunities and boost economic growth in the area.

The agriculture, forestry and fishing sector contributed the most jobs to the area in 2017 (69 316; 38.5 per cent), followed by the wholesale and retail trade, catering and accommodation sector (30 051; 16.7 per cent) and the community, social and personal services (19 962;11.1 per cent) sector. Combined, these three sectors contributed 119 329 or 66.3 per cent of the 180 050 jobs in 2017.

Contri-bution to employment Number Trend Employment (net change) of jobs

Sector 2017 2017 2008 - 2017 2014 2014 2015 2016 2018e - 2018e 2017 Primary 38.7% 69 769 -15 688 4 440 -2 60 12 60 -2 51 -940 sector -2 10 Agriculture, 69 316 -15 529 4 479 -2 609 12 -2 -2 -897 forestry & fishing 38.5% 590 511 094 Mining & quarrying 453 -159 -39 1 16 -6 -7 -43 Secondary sector 0.3 23 584 1 965 2 570 874 893 560 205 38 Manufacturing % 13.1 16 099 487 1 335 494 769 110 68 -106 % 8.9 Electricity, gas & 423 83 14 5 9 9 5 -14 water% 0.2 Construction% 7 062 1 395 1 221 375 115 441 132 158 Tertiary sector 3.9 86 697 22 389 11 553 2 460 2 1 648 2 580 2 104 Wholesale % & retail 48.2 761 trade,% catering & 30 051 8 450 5 121 686 1 708 1 544 792 16.7 391 % Transport,accommodation storage & 4 459 1 271 216 -129 204 18 102 21 communication 2. 5% Finance, insurance, real estate & 15 278 4 246 2 718 440 650 373 501 754 8.5 % businessGeneral services 16 947 3 861 1 008 996 - 393 -461 288 government 208 9.4 Community, social & % 19 962 4 561 2 490 467 724 156 894 249 personal services 11.1 Total West Coast % 180 050 8 709 18 563 726 16 -309 684 1 202 District 100.% 26

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Several sectors experienced net job losses over the years between 2014 and 2018, with the agriculture, forestry and fishing sector shedding the many jobs especially in 2014, 2016 and 2017. This could possibly be attributed to the effects of the prolonged drought in the District.

The sector which reported the largest increase in jobs between 2014-2018 was the wholesale, retail and trade (5 121), which showed consistent growth over each of the years during this period; agriculture, forestry and fishing sector (4 479) as a result of a strong growth in 2015 even though there have been subsequent job losses, and the financial and business services (2 718) which also showed consistent growth over the period

3.4.4 Crime Within the West Coast District area, the number of murders fell slightly from 129 in 2017/18 to 127 in 2018/19. The murder rate (per 100 000 population) increased from 29 in 2017/18 to 28 in 2018/19. Within the District, the actual number of murders was highest in Swartland (36), the highest murder rate per 100 000 population was for Cederberg (48), well above the District rate of 28 per 100 000 population

There were 512 sexual offences in the West Coast District area. Drug-related crime within the West Coast District area dropped significantly in 2018/19, from 8 188 cases in 2017/18 to 5 819 cases in 2018/19. The number of cases of driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs in the WCD area shows an increase of 80, from 579 in 2017/18 to 659 in 2018/19. Residential burglary cases within the West Coast District area increased slightly from 2 802 in 2017/18 to 2 813 in 2018/19. The number of road user fatalities increased in the West Coast District area in 2018, compared to the previous year. Fatalities for 2018 totaled 121 while in 2017 the total was 110.

3.5 Education

Within the West Coast District Municipality, the number of people without any schooling decreased between the years 2008 and 2018 with an average annual rate of -1.46%, while the number of people within the 'matric only' category increased from 52,000 to 82,800. The number of people with 'matric and a certificate/diploma' increased with an average annual rate of 3.50%, with the number of people with a 'matric and a Bachelor's' degree increasing with an average annual rate of 5.26%. The overall improvement in the level of education is visible with an increase in the number of people with 'matric' or higher education.

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West Coast as West Coast as West Coast Western Cape National Total % of province % of national

No schooling 11,30 84,60 2,170,000 13.3% 0.52% Grade 0-2 04,16 49,900 668,000 8.3% 0.62% Grade 3-6 33,000 319,000 3,080,000 10.3% 1.07% Grade 7-9 081,00 0909,00 6,100,000 8.9% 1.33% Grade 10-11 071,50 1,130,000 8,850,000 6.4% 0.81% 0 0 Certificate /

diploma 683 18,700 180,000 3.7% 0.38% without matric Matric only 82,80 1,390,00 11,000,000 6.0% 0.75% 0 0 Matric

certificate / 14,500 274,000 2,270,000 5.3% 0.64% diploma

Matric

Bachelor 9,420 267,000 1,680,000 3.5% 0.56% s degree

Matric Postgrad degree 3,690 133,000 787,000 2.8% 0.47% Source: IHS Markit Regional eXplorer version 1854

The total number of schools in the West Coast District dropped from 129 in 2014 and 2015 to 125 in 2016. However, the number of schools with libraries increased steadily over this period, from 57 in 2014 to 61 in 2016. The district does not have a university but does has a TVET college (West Coast College) where meaningful qualifications can be obtained to gain access to the world of work, become an entrepreneur or enter university.

4. Drivers of the Economy 4.1 Structure of the Economy

For the period 2019 and 2009, the GVA in the finance sector had the highest average annual growth rate in West Coast at 2.29%. The industry with the second highest average annual growth rate is the trade sector averaging at 1.70% per year. The agriculture sector had an average annual growth rate of -0.19%, while the electricity sector had the lowest average annual growth of -1.20%. Overall a positive growth existed for all the industries in 2019 with an annual growth rate of 0.04% since 2018.

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Gross Value Added (GVA) by broad economic sector - West Coast District Municipality, 2009, 2014 and 2019 [R billions, 2010 constant prices] 2009 2014 2019 Average Annual growth Agriculture 2.87 3.21 2.82 -0.19% Mining 0.12 0.14 0.14 1.09% Manufacturing 3.14 3.21 3.30 0.52% Electricity 0.51 0.49 0.45 -1.20% Construction 0.76 0.80 0.78 0.22% Trade 2.45 2.79 2.89 1.70% Transport 1.88 1.99 2.05 0.85% Finance 2.79 3.14 3.51 2.29% Community 2.46 2.72 2.82 1.38% services Total Industries 16.98 18.51 18.76 1.00% Source: IHS Markit Regional eXplorer version 1946

The tertiary sector contributes the most to the Gross Value Added within the West Coast District Municipality at 57.9%. This is significant lower than the national economy (68.7%). The secondary sector contributed a total of 27.2% (ranking second), while the primary sector contributed the least at 14.9%.

Gross Value Added (GVA) by aggregate sector West Coast District Municipality, 2019

Tertiary sector

Secondary sector Primary sector

Source: IHS Markit Regional eXplorer version 1946

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The following is a breakdown of the Gross Value Added (GVA) by aggregated sector:

4.2 Primary Sector

The primary sector consists of two broad economic sectors namely the mining and the agricultural sector. The following chart represents the average growth rate in the GVA for both of these sectors in West Coast District Municipality from 2009 to 2019.

Gross value added (GVA) by primary sector West Coast, 2009-2019 15%

10%

0% 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

-5%

-10%

Agriculture Mining

Source: IHS Markit Regional eXplorer version 1946

“BOTH THE AGRICULTURE AND MINING SECTORS ARE GENERALLY CHARACTERISED BY VOLATILITY IN GROWTH OVER THE PERIOD.”

Between 2009 and 2019, the agriculture sector experienced the highest positive growth in 2017 with an average growth rate of 11.1%. The mining sector reached its highest point of growth of 6.9% in 2014. The agricultural sector experienced the lowest growth for the period during 2018 at -7.5%, while the mining sector reaching its lowest point of growth in 2009 at -2.2%. Both the agriculture and mining sectors are generally characterised by volatility in growth over the period.

4.3 Secondary Sector

The secondary sector consists of three broad economic sectors namely the manufacturing, electricity and the construction sector. The following chart represents PROFILE: WEST COAST 19

the average growth rates in the GVA for these sectors in West Coast District Municipality from 2009 to 2019.

Gross value added (GVA) by secondary sector West Coast, 2009-2019 6%

0% 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 -2%

-4%

-6%

-8%

-10%

-12%

Manufacturing Electricity Construction

Source: IHS Markit Regional eXplorer version 1946

Between 2009 and 2019, the manufacturing sector experienced the highest positive growth in 2010 with a growth rate of 4.4%. The construction sector reached its highest growth in 2013 at 4.1%. The manufacturing sector experienced its lowest growth in 2011 of -10.5%, while construction sector reached its lowest point of growth in 2011 a with -3.5% growth rate. The electricity sector experienced the highest growth in 2017 at 3.8%, while it recorded the lowest growth of -6.5% in 2019.

4.4 Tertiary Sector

The tertiary sector consists of four broad economic sectors namely the trade, transport, finance and the community services sector. The following chart represents the average growth rates in the GVA for these sectors in West Coast District Municipality from 2009 to 2019.

“THE ELECTRICITY SECTOR EXPERIENCED THE HIGHEST GROWTH IN 2017 AT 3.8%, WHILE IT RECORDED THE LOWEST GROWTH OF -6.5% IN 2019.” 20 PROFILE: WEST COAST

Gross value added (GVA) by tertiary sector West Coast, 2009-2019 6%

0% 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 -1%

-2% Trade Transport Finance Community services

Source: IHS Markit Regional eXplorer version 1946

The trade sector experienced the highest positive growth in 2010 with a growth rate of 5.0%. The transport sector reached its highest point of growth in 2014 at 2.5%. The finance sector experienced the hghest growth rate in 2011 when it grew by 3.9% and recorded the lowest growth rate in 2010 at 0.2%. The Trade sector had the lowest growth rate in 2009 at -1.5%. The community services sector, which largely consists of government, experienced its highest positive growth in 2013 with 2.9% and the lowest growth rate in 2017 with -0.5%.

4.5 Economic Growth Forecast

It is expected that West Coast District Municipality will grow at an average annual rate of 1.24% from 2018 to 2023. The average annual growth rate of Western Cape Province and South Africa is expected to grow at 1.34% and 1.16% respectively by 2023, West Coast's forecasted GDP will be an estimated R 22 billion (constant 2010 prices) or 4.7% of the total GDP of Western Cape Province. The ranking in terms of size of the West Coast District Municipality will remain the same between 2018 and 2023, with a contribution to the Western Cape Province GDP of 4.7% in 2023 compared to the 4.7% in 2018. At a 1.24% average annual GDP growth rate between 2018 and 2023, West Coast ranked the fourth compared to the other regional economies.

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5. Service Delivery 5.1 Water and sanitation

West Coast District Municipality had a total number of 106 000 (or 81.18%) households with piped water inside the dwelling, a total of 19 800 (15.20%) households had piped water inside the yard and a total number of 1 690 (1.30%) households had no formal piped water.

Communal Communal piped Piped Piped piped water: No water: water water less than formal Total more than inside in yard 200m from piped 200m from Matzikama dwelling16,600 3,750 dwelling (At497 41 water501 21,400 dwelling Cederberg 12,300 2,950 RDP-level)306 91 458 16,100 Bergrivier 16,400 2,410 55 (Below 49 344 19,300 Saldanha Bay 28,400 5,430 1,670 RDP) 155 63 35,700 Swartland 31,800 5,210 133 20 321 37,500 Total 105,463 19,751 2,658 355 1,687 129,915 West Coast Source: IHS Markit Regional eXplorer version 1854

When looking at the water backlog (number of households below RDP-level) over time, it can be seen that in 2008 the number of households below the RDP-level were 5 340 within West Coast District Municipality, this decreased annually at - 9.16% per annum to 2 040 in 2018. The region within West Coast with the highest number of flush toilets is Swartland Local Municipality with 36 000 or a share of 29.53% of the flush toilets within West Coast. The region with the lowest number of flush toilets is Cederberg Local Municipality with a total of 14 800 or a share of 12.17% of the total flush toilets within West Coast District Municipality.

When looking at the sanitation backlog (number of households without hygienic toilets) over time, it can be seen that in 2008 the number of Households without any hygienic toilets in West Coast District Municipality was 8 260, this decreased annually at a rate of -2.14% to 6 650 in 2018.

Ventilation Bucket Flush toilet Improved Pit toilet No toilet Total system Matzikama 19,400 Pit (VIP)545 141 524 708 21,400 Cederberg 14,800 252 56 298 641 16,100 Bergrivier 18,400 171 27 352 268 19,300 Saldanha Bay 33,200 42 9 2,030 389 35,700 Swartland 36,000 301 174 749 285 37,500 Total 121,953 1,310 407 3,954 2,291 129,915 West Coast PROFILE: WEST COAST 23

5.2 Human Settlements

Other Very Formal Informal Traditional dwellin Total Form Matzikama 14,100 4,500 1,580 758 g type440 21,400 al Cederberg 11,100 2,100 1,450 1,100 277 16,100 Bergrivier 15,400 2,180 829 441 386 19,300 Saldanha Bay 26,700 1,390 4,680 2,540 405 35,700 Swartland 29,400 5,070 2,070 486 544 37,500 Total 96,679 15,245 10,611 5,327 2,053 129,915 West Coast Source: IHS Markit Regional eXplorer version 1854

The region within the West Coast District Municipality with the highest number of very formal dwelling units is the Swartland Local Municipality with 29 400 or a share of 30.36% of the total very formal dwelling units within West Coast District Municipality. The region with the lowest number of very formal dwelling units is the Cederberg Local Municipality with a total of 11 200 or a share of 11.53% of the total very formal dwelling units within West Coast District Municipality.

When looking at the formal dwelling unit backlog (number of households not living in a formal dwelling) over time, it can be seen that in 2008 the number of households not living in a formal dwelling were 11 100 within West Coast District Municipality. From 2008 this number increased annually at 4.98% to 18 000 in 2018.

5.3 Electricity

West Coast District Municipality had a total number of 2 700 (2.08%) households with electricity for lighting only, a total of 123 000 (94.47%) households had electricity for lighting and other purposes and a total number of 4 490 (3.45%) households did not use electricity.

Electricity for Electricity Not lighting and Total for lighting using other purposes Matzikama only 456 20,000 electricit 883 21,400 Cederberg 630 14,500 y 979 16,100 Bergrivier 581 18,300 403 19,300 Saldanha Bay 507 33,200 1,950 35,700 Swartland 526 36,700 274 37,500 Total 2,701 122,725 4,489 129,915 West Coast Source: IHS Markit Regional eXplorer version 1854

24 PROFILE: WEST COAST

The region within West Coast with the highest number of households with electricity for lighting and other purposes is Swartland Local Municipality with 36 700 or a share of 29.92% of the households with electricity for lighting and other purposes within West Coast District Municipality. The Region with the lowest number of households with electricity for lighting and other purposes is Cederberg Local Municipality with a total of 14 500 or a share of 11.79% of the total households with electricity for lighting and other purposes within West Coast District Municipality.

5.4 Waste Management

West Coast District Municipality had a total number of 109 000 (84.14%) households which had their refuse removed weekly by the authority, a total of 1 860 (1.43%) households had their refuse removed less often than weekly by the authority and a total number of 11 800 (9.06%) households which had to remove their refuse personally (own dump).

Remov Remove Removed Perso No ed d less by nal Total refuse weekly often communi remov Matzikama 17,70 268 773 2,390 remov218 21,40 Cederberg by 11,30 than676 ty 1,180 al2,550 366 16,10 0 al 0 Bergrivier authorit015,20 weekly475 members895 (own2,650 85 019,30 Saldanha 033,70 134 550 737 541 035,70 Swartland y 31,40 by 309 2,280 dump)3,430 101 37,50 Bay 0 authority 0 Total 109,300 1,862 5,671 11,76 1,310 129,910 West Coast 6 Source: IHS Markit Regional eXplorer version 18545 5 The region within West Coast with the highest number of households where the refuse is removed weekly by the authority is Saldanha Bay Local Municipality with 33 700 or a share of 30.86% of the households where the refuse is removed weekly by the authority within West Coast. The region with the lowest number of households where the refuse is removed weekly by the authority is Cederberg Local Municipality with a total of 11 300 or a share of 10.35% of the total households where the refuse is removed weekly by the authority within the district municipality.

5.5 Transport

The district and towns are well connected to each other and to nearby districts by means of an extensive road network. However, road maintenance and upgrades are continuously required to ensure that the road network is in good condition, safe and accessible. Virtually all towns in the West Coast are physically growing with the continual provision of new residential units at very low density on the periphery of towns. The existing minibus and bus services need to be supported, maintained, and upgraded to ensure that public transport provides the key linkages between towns and communities in the district. However, the current trend to plan and develop low PROFILE: WEST COAST 25

density housing severely undermines the efficiency of public transport operators. Walking plays a significant role in travelling to work in the District.

The development of the IDZ will have a direct and continuous impact on the transport in the region. It will have an impact on the road network and the capacity thereof. Freight transport via road and rail will also play a major role in supporting the development of the IDZ. The N7 as well as the R27 are two major corridors in the West Coast and they are major distributors of people, goods and services from the WCDM to other municipalities within the Western Cape, to other provinces as well as cross borders (N7 is the only Cape to Namibia route).

The main travel modes used by workers obtained from the National Household Travel Survey (NHTS) for the West Coast, which was undertaken in 2016 shows public transport is used significantly (30.8%), although private transport is still the majority (42.7%). NMT accounts for approximately 26.5% of the total transport demand in the District. Minibus taxis account for approximately 71% of the total public transport trips in the West Coast. This is primarily because population densities and passenger volumes along most routes do not warrant bus services.

There is a limited scheduled public transport bus service from towns of Malmesbury and Saldanha to Cape Town daily. Buses are contracted to transport some workers and scholars in the area. Major towns within Swartland Local Municipality are the only areas in the West Coast serviced effectively by rail. The only formal long-distance commercial bus service that operates through the entire West Coast is run by Intercape. The Metrorail passenger rail service for the Western Cape Region operates as far as Malmesbury.

“THERE IS A LIMITED SCHEDULED PUBLIC TRANSPORT BUS SERVICE FROM TOWNS OF MALMESBURY AND SALDANHA TO CAPE TOWN DAILY.”

5.6 Electricity

According to Wazimaps, 2.9% of the households have no access to electricity, this is about 1.5 times the rate in the Western Cape (1.85%) and about two-fifths of the rate in South Africa (7.29 %) The table below shows the kinds of electricity that is being used (in percentage) by 26 PROFILE: WEST COAST households in the Province and specifically in the District

Type of Electricity Access Western Cape West Coast District Battery 0 0% Connected to other source which 0.4% 0.6% household is not paying for Connected to other source which 2.6% 3.4% household is paying for Generator 0% 0% In-house conventional Meter 16.9% 21.5% In-house Prepaid Meter 77.5% 71.1% No access to Electricity 1.9% 2.9% Other 0.6% 0.5% Solar Home System 0.1% 0.1%

source : https://wazimap.co.za/

6. Governance and Management

6.1 Municipal Performance

The below mentioned table is a depiction of the institutional stability within the respective municipalities, making up the district:

Although the municipalities in this region is stable in terms of institutional stability, the PROFILE: WEST COAST 27

vacancy of the Municipal Manager post of the Matzikama Municipality is a concern and are monitored for any potential impact on the stability of the Municipality.

The above table illustrates the grant dependency of Municipalities in the region. The Municipalities of Cederberg and Matzikama registered the highest percentage of grant dependency in the region. Although the Municipalities of Saldanha Bay and Swartland is strongest in terms of the economy, they have also registered the highest percentage of indigent households, which is clearly linked to the movement of people seeking employment in the economic hubs where manufacturing is the largest economic driver in the region.

6.2 Municipal Capacity

MDB Capacity Assessment, 2018

West Coast DM Total municipal staff currently employed 612 Total permanent currently employed 507 Total temporary staff currently employed 105 Total approved positions 563 Total funded vacancies 52 Percentage of funded vacancies 9,24 MDB Capacity Assessment, 2018 28 PROFILE: WEST COAST

6.3 Traditional Leadership

The Traditional and Khoi-San Leadership Act, 2019 (Act No. 3 of 2019), which was published in the Government Gazette on 28 November 2019, is of historic value as it is the first legislation that provides for the statutory recognition of the Khoi-San communities and leaders, provided they meet the criteria contained in the Act. The Act has not yet commenced, because its commencement date has not yet been proclaimed. Once the Act commences, a Commission on Khoi-San Matters will be established to receive and investigate applications for recognition of Khoi-San communities and leaders. The Commission will make recommendations to the Minister in this regard and the Minister will have the power to recognize such communities and leaders. There is tcurrently no legally recognized Khoi-San communities or leaders in South Africa. The Act makes provision for two Khoi-San leadership positions namely senior Khoi-San leaders and branch heads. The recognized senior Khoi-San leaders will have jurisdiction over their communities.

There are no traditional councils in the Western Cape and representation on any municipal council in the West Coast.

7. Projects to Diversify and Grow People and the Economy

7.1 Spatial Development

The map indicates the key proposals to stimulate economic growth in the West Coast District. It also reflects the three (3) key development corridors, namely:

- Major Regional Development Corridor ( Saldanha-Vredenburg) - Regional Development Corridor (Lower N7, Piketberg-Moorreesburg- Malmesbury-Cape Town); - Northern Olifantsrivier Rural Corridor PROFILE: WEST COAST 29

7.2 Ecological Potential and Biodiversity

Nine strategic biodiversity and ecological corridors requiring conservation to preserve biodiversity and improve resilience to climate change are located within the District and a few already form part of formalized nature conservation areas.

“… UPGRADE OF COMMUNITY LIBRARIES, RURAL LIBRARY CONNECTIVITY PROJECT AND COMMUNITY FOOD GARDENS ACROSS THE DISTRICT STARTING IN 2020.” 30 PROFILE: WEST COAST

7.3 Social Development projects

Sport facility funding u p g ra d in g of cricket pitches, upgrade of community libraries, rural library connectivity project and community food gardens across the district starting in 2020.

7.4. Economic Projects

Expansion of water desalination projects. Investment growth is expected from sectors such as protein, dairy, agro-processing, transport, logistics, retail, services and construction sectors. Expansion of ship repair and maintenance facilities. Expansion of oyster and mussel farming initiatives. The below table outlines key infrastructure projects aimed at stimulating and expanding the economy.

PROFILE: WEST COAST 31

8. Key Recommendations Key recommendations, as per the municipality’s 2018/19 annual report, to be made include the following:

• That aspects with regard to service delivery in the district municipality area, such as the following, be further attended to and supported: sanitation backlogs (Pit toilet, Bucket system and No toilet), the high proportion of informal dwellings in the more urban larger towns; and the proportion of households in with no access to electricity.

• That areas with regard to financial management performance in the District Municipality and that the District Municipality be assisted in this regard if necessary.

• That the proposed catalytic projets as part of the Joint District Approach in the District be supported across government with the necessary financial and human resources where necessary, as they relate to social development, economic and environmental challenges and needs in the area and society.

• That where the District Municipality has an important role to play in mitigating the rate of climate change in the area, and its ability to cope with climate change will be improved if it embraces the moves to renewable energy generation, green building technologies, and improved water management, key projects in this regard be further explored and considered.

• With the District’s diversity of the natural environment the potential in opportunities to increase tourism to the area with its resultant economic development and job creation opportunities. Possibilities need to explored further as to what needs to be done to maximize opportunities in this regard.

32 PROFILE: WEST COAST