DOCSLIB.ORG

AC Vol 42 No 9

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
AC Vol 42 No 9 www.africa-confidential.com 4 May 2001 Vol 42 No 9 AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL CONGO-KINSHASA 3 GHANA War economy A report by a United Nations’ expert A hundred days of Kufuor group on the pillage of Congo The new government scores high on political tolerance but is blames Rwanda, Uganda and their struggling over how to tackle the economic mess it inherited rebel proteges for most of the damage. The business activities No one can blame President John Agyekum Kufuor for the economic chaos he inherited on 7 of Zimbabwean, Angolan and January, when he took over from Jerry John Rawlings. However, plenty of Ghanaians blame his Namibian forces fighting on the government for its slow start. In the first hundred days, he has won high marks for handling the government’s side are scarcely transition and making government more tolerant, low marks for dynamism and economic management. discussed. There still is much goodwill towards the President and his New Patriotic Party. He confidently fielded questions when national television broadcast a press conference live from the Castle at Osu ETHIOPIA 4 – something Rawlings never allowed during his 20-year rule. Journalists are no longer ‘enemies of the people’. Kufuor came over as presidential but accessible, Storm after the in an inquisition managed by his spokesperson, Elizabeth Ohene; she and Attorney General Nana storm Akufo-Addo want the obnoxious criminal libel laws abrogated this year. Since the NPP is the party of business, it is obviously much warmer towards local entrepreneurs of all political hues. A leading Ethiopia is in political crisis after businessman, Kwabena Darko, was in Kufuor’s office throughout the press conference. 41 people were killed in riots in Addis Ababa. However, the The government has begun to dismantle the militarist paraphernalia of the Rawlings era, stopping underlying crisis is a split in the state expenditure on the celebrations of 4 June – the hitherto sacrosanct commemoration of TPLF, one of the main elements of Rawlings’ first successful coup d’état in 1979. That was followed by the execution of eight generals, the ruling EPRDF. During two including Akwasi Afrifa, Kutu Acheampong and Fred Akuffo, all of whom had been military years of war with Eritrea, no one heads of state. They will now be exhumed so that their families can give them a proper burial. Kufuor spoke out in public against Premier Meles. But they are doing so now. has also authorised the return of a house allocated to the family of first President Kwame Nkrumah, confiscated by the Rawlings regime, and of the property of former Prime Minister Kofi Busia, confiscated by Acheampong’s regime in the 1970s. SOUTH AFRICA 6 Bringing the torturers and assassins to book The plots thicken A much slower and trickier business is to address human rights abuses committed under Rawlings. Security Minister Steve Tshwete The government favours a South African-style Truth and Reconciliation Commission to hear shocked many when he evidence from victims and perpetrators. Attorney General Akufo-Addo is enthusiastic in principle; announced that police would investigate allegations of a plot by the human rights campaigner and journalist Kwesi Pratt claims that more than 400 Ghanaians were senior ANC figures against ‘disappeared’ during the Rawlings era, with many more illegally detained and tortured. Yet there President Mbeki. Few give the is little agreement on how the torturers and assassins can be tracked down and brought to book, and allegations credence but many how this might affect the (so far) polite relations between Kufuor and the previous regime. Akufo- want to know the political Addo’s priority is to unjam and reform the judicial system generally. The backlog of cases, the machinations that lie behind them. corruption of legal officers and the widespread resort to direct action to enforce contracts or deal with suspected criminals made nonsense of the legal system. NIGERIA 6 Kufuor must also deal with corruption, past and present. Multi-million dollar frauds at the Social Security National Insurance Trust and the Ghana National Petroleum Corporation are under Exit top brass investigation and expected to rope in several former apparatchiks. There is talk of tracking down President Obasanjo’s sacking on overseas property bought by former officials, partly to bring home some of the ill-gotten gains, partly 24 April of the three service chiefs to deflate the reputation of Rawlings and his National Democratic Congress as anti-graft crusaders. – General Malu, Air Marshal Alfa Some lawyers suggest that the Quality Grain case (AC Vol 42 No 8) could ensnare Rawlings and and Vice-Admiral Ombu – sparked his Vice-President, John Atta Mills; they are accused of negligence in allowing the state to talk about coup plots. In fact President Obasanjo’s decision guarantee loans of US$20 million to Juliet R. Cotton and her Quality Grain company, which followed months of argument about promised 20,000 acres of rice and planted only 500. Last month, Cotton told a court in Atlanta, military reforms and US advisors. Georgia (where she is being sued by her erstwhile United States’ business partner) that some of the money was used to buy a mansion there and a Mercedes-Benz car for senior Ghanaian officials. Any POINTERS 8 attempt to involve Rawlings and Atta Mills in the affair would be a political as much as a legal decision, open to interpretation as revenge. Angola, Côte Just before his January inauguration, Kufuor told journalists that his first priority would be ‘securing the state’ – no small matter, given the number of Rawlings-supporters in the army, police d’Ivoire & France- and intelligence. The appointment of his brother Kwame Addo Kufuor as Minister of Defence got Africa mixed reviews. Addo is a physician with no experience of the military and not best placed to sniff 4 May 2001 Africa Confidential Vol 42 No 9 out coups. Yet he has assiduously toured the barracks and key debt is now running at $6 bn. The cedi lost half of its value although military formations, effusively praising the soldiers’ professionalism. the cedi-dollar exchange rate has now stabilised to 7,525:1. No one is We hear that many of the commandos, Rawlings’ ultra-loyalists who quite sure why but it seems some payments are being deferred and were integrated into the mainstream army last year, have been foreign creditors are trying to give the government some breathing redeployed within the conventional military hierarchy. Addo Kufuor space. Growth in gross domestic product, which slowed to 3.7 per cent has welcomed closer military cooperation with Washington, which in 2000 from 4.4 per cent, isn’t likely to boom this year. Cocoa and respects Ghana’s army and wants to involve it in more peacekeeping gold earnings fell last year and their export prices remain flat. Foreign operations. American soldiers are training and being trained at reserves are at their lowest for a decade: enough to cover just one Ghana’s jungle warfare school at Achiase. month’s imports. Bizarre rumours circulated in Accra late last month about a coup, Faced with the cash crunch, Osafo-Marfo and Kufuor decided to planned for 15 May with the backing of officers from the Fante enrol in the World Bank and IMF’s Heavily Indebted Poor Country (coastal belt) and northern regions. No one suggested the supposed scheme, annoying NDC critics, who argue that it labels Ghana a plotters had any links to the former regime, though officers from the bankrupt state. Osafo-Marfo’s response is ‘That’s right and it’s your Bureau of National Investigations have annoyed some old politicians fault!’ The risk is that, if Ghana gets relief on its debt, Japan (which and civil servants by their tactics in corruption investigations. Over- has just changed its prime minister again) will slash its bilateral aid zealous agents bungled the recent arrest of former Deputy Minister of programme, though the Japanese Ambassador promises that aid from Finance Victor Selormey, giving rise to criticism that arbitrary arrests Tokyo will hold up regardless. and detentions, common under Rawlings, were still going on. Some claim that the BNI deliberately leaked the story of an attempted coup Britain backs debt relief for Ghana to test public and military reaction, others that a genuine plot was With Ghana’s former position as IMF and World Bank economic uncovered by US agents. reform star in Africa, a reputation much diminished in recent years, The rumours did not fluster the Kufuor government. Insiders say its Britain has promised it will back fast-track debt relief under HIPC. biggest enemy is inertia. To get things done, according to some of The Bank and Fund, keen to keep their former showcase on the Kufuor’s advisors, the executive will have to throw its weight around reform road, are likely to agree. The HIPC debate, about national and push ahead with unpopular decisions – which would mean pride and worries about credit ratings, seems to have fizzled out. sidelining parliament, where the NPP has only 98 of 200 seats. That The Pro-HIPC group in cabinet won the argument because the technique worked under Rawlings but his NDC had a comfortable government desperately needs breathing space to restructure its majority and could be relied on to rubber-stamp executive edicts. domestic debt. The World Bank recommends Kenya’s approach of converting short-term treasury bills into three-year bonds; but if Finding the right policies the government is going to wind down its short-term borrowing, it Kufuor, trying to run a more constitutional and consensual government, will still need a pool of capital ready for those investors who didn’t has to delay tough decisions such as putting up fuel prices, selling off want to buy the bonds.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Home Office, United Kingdom
    GHANA COUNTRY ASSESSMENT APRIL 2002 COUNTRY INFORMATION & POLICY UNIT IMMIGRATION & NATIONALITY DIRECTORATE HOME OFFICE, UNITED KINGDOM CONTENTS I. Scope of Document 1.1 - 1.5 II. Geography 2.1 - 2.2 Economy 2.3 III. History 3.1 - 3.2 IV. State Structures The Constitution 4.1 - 4.3 Political System 4.4 - 4.8 Judiciary 4.9 - 4.15 Military 4.16 (i) National Service 4.17 Internal Security 4.18 - 4.22 Legal Rights/Detention 4.23 - 4.24 Prisons and Prison conditions 4.25 - 4.30 Medical Services 4.31 - 4.38 Educational System 4.39 - 4.41 V. Human Rights V.A Human Rights Issues Overview 5.1 - 5.4 Freedom of Speech and the Media 5.5 - 5.11 Freedom of Religion 5.12 - 5.19 Freedom of Assembly & Association 5.20 - 5.25 Employment Rights 5.26 - 5.28 People Trafficking 5.29 - 5.34 Freedom of Movement 5.35 - 5.36 V.B Human Rights - Specific Groups Women 5.37 - 5.43 (i) Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) 5.44 - 5.45 (ii) The Trokosi system 5.46 - 5.48 Children 5.49 - 5.55 Ethnic Groups 5.56 - 5.60 Homosexuals 5.61 V.C Human Rights - Other Issues Non-Government Organisations (NGOs) 5.62 Annexes: Chronology of Events Political Organisations Prominent People References to Source Material I. Scope of Document 1.1. This assessment has been produced by the Country Information & Policy Unit, Immigration & Nationality Directorate, Home Office, from information obtained from a variety of sources. 1.2. The assessment has been prepared for background purposes for those involved in the asylum determination process.
    [Show full text]
  • Trekking Outward
    TREKKING OUTWARD A CHRONOLOGY OF MEETINGS BETWEEN SOUTH AFRICANS AND THE ANC IN EXILE 1983–2000 Michael Savage University of Cape Town May 2014 PREFACE In the decade preceding the dramatic February 1990 unbanning of South Africa’s black liberatory movements, many hundreds of concerned South Africans undertook to make contact with exile leaders of these organisations, travelling long distances to hold meetings in Europe or in independent African countries. Some of these “treks”, as they came to be called, were secret while others were highly publicised. The great majority of treks brought together South Africans from within South Africa and exile leaders of the African National Congress, and its close ally the South African Communist Party. Other treks involved meetings with the Pan Africanist Congress, the black consciousness movement, and the remnants of the Non-European Unity Movement in exile. This account focuses solely on the meetings involving the ANC alliance, which after February 1990 played a central role in negotiating with the white government of F.W. de Klerk and his National Party regime to bring about a new democratic order. Without the foundation of understanding established by the treks and thousands of hours of discussion and debate that they entailed, it seems unlikely that South Africa’s transition to democracy could have been as successfully negotiated as it was between 1990 and the first democratic election of April 1994. The following chronology focuses only on the meetings of internally based South Africans with the African National Congress (ANC) when in exile over the period 1983–1990. Well over 1 200 diverse South Africans drawn from a wide range of different groups in the non- governmental sector and cross-cutting political parties, language, educational, religious and community groups went on an outward mission to enter dialogue with the ANC in exile in a search to overcome the escalating conflict inside South Africa.
    [Show full text]
  • Nigeria: Ending Unrest in the Niger Delta
    NIGERIA: ENDING UNREST IN THE NIGER DELTA Africa Report N°135 – 5 December 2007 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS................................................. i I. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 1 II. FALTERING ATTEMPTS TO ADDRESS THE DELTA UNREST........................ 1 A. REACHING OUT TO THE MILITANTS?.....................................................................................1 B. PROBLEMATIC PEACE AND CONFLICT RESOLUTION COMMITTEES.........................................3 C. UNFULFILLED PROMISES.......................................................................................................4 III. THE RISING TOLL....................................................................................................... 7 A. CONTINUING VIOLENCE ........................................................................................................7 1. Attacks on expatriates and oil facilities .....................................................................7 2. Politicians, gangs and the Port Harcourt violence .....................................................7 3. The criminal hostage-taking industry ........................................................................8 B. REVENUE LOSS AND ECONOMIC DESTABILISATION ..............................................................9 C. EXPATRIATE AND INVESTMENT FLIGHT ..............................................................................10 IV. GOVERNMENT
    [Show full text]
  • Aid and Agriculture
    Aid and Agriculture A constructivist approach to a political economy analysis of sustainable agriculture in Ghana Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy (Dr. phil.) at the Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg im Breisgau Jasmin Marston 2017 Dean: Prof. Dr. Tim Freytag 1st Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Rüdiger Glaser 2nd Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Tim Freytag 2nd Reviewer: Prof. Dr. Michael Pregernig Date of thesis defense:12.06.2018 In memory of: Karl Wendelin Klober and Uwe Josef Kristen (06.11.1928-26.09.2015) (22.03.1960-11.11.2016) Acknowledgements i Acknowledgements This study has been inspired and supported by a wide array of individuals and institutions that my gratitude extends to. The quality of research benefited tremendously from the support given by the members of the Department of Physical Geography and Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources at the University of Freiburg (im Breisgau, Germany). Specifically I would like to thank Prof. Dr. Rüdiger Glaser, Prof. Dr. Tim Freytag, Prof. Dr. Michael Pregernig, as well as the entire Physical Geography team, for the trust and support they have given me at crucial parts of this study. Likewise I am deeply grateful for the support extended through the UrbanFoodPlus project, which is jointly funded by the Bundesministerium für Wirtschafltiche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung (BMZ, Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development), Germany, and the Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF, Federal Ministry of Education and Research), Germany. In particular I would like to thank Prof. Dr. Axel Drescher, who was the Principle Investigator and a crucial supporter throughout the ups and downs I encountered as a researcher.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethiopia, the TPLF and Roots of the 2001 Political Tremor Paulos Milkias Marianopolis College/Concordia University
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by ScholarWorks at WMU Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU International Conference on African Development Center for African Development Policy Research Archives 8-2001 Ethiopia, The TPLF and Roots of the 2001 Political Tremor Paulos Milkias Marianopolis College/Concordia University Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.wmich.edu/africancenter_icad_archive Part of the African Studies Commons, and the Economics Commons WMU ScholarWorks Citation Milkias, Paulos, "Ethiopia, The TPLF nda Roots of the 2001 Political Tremor" (2001). International Conference on African Development Archives. Paper 4. http://scholarworks.wmich.edu/africancenter_icad_archive/4 This Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for African Development Policy Research at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in International Conference on African Development Archives by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ETHIOPIA, TPLF AND ROOTS OF THE 2001 * POLITICAL TREMOR ** Paulos Milkias Ph.D. ©2001 Marianopolis College/Concordia University he TPLF has its roots in Marxist oriented Tigray University Students' movement organized at Haile Selassie University in 1974 under the name “Mahber Gesgesti Behere Tigray,” [generally T known by its acronym – MAGEBT, which stands for ‘Progressive Tigray Peoples' Movement’.] 1 The founders claim that even though the movement was tactically designed to be nationalistic it was, strategically, pan-Ethiopian. 2 The primary structural document the movement produced in the late 70’s, however, shows it to be Tigrayan nationalist and not Ethiopian oriented in its content.
    [Show full text]
  • Africa Report, Nr. 135: Nigeria
    NIGERIA: ENDING UNREST IN THE NIGER DELTA Africa Report N°135 – 5 December 2007 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS................................................. i I. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 1 II. FALTERING ATTEMPTS TO ADDRESS THE DELTA UNREST........................ 1 A. REACHING OUT TO THE MILITANTS?.....................................................................................1 B. PROBLEMATIC PEACE AND CONFLICT RESOLUTION COMMITTEES.........................................3 C. UNFULFILLED PROMISES.......................................................................................................4 III. THE RISING TOLL....................................................................................................... 7 A. CONTINUING VIOLENCE ........................................................................................................7 1. Attacks on expatriates and oil facilities .....................................................................7 2. Politicians, gangs and the Port Harcourt violence .....................................................7 3. The criminal hostage-taking industry ........................................................................8 B. REVENUE LOSS AND ECONOMIC DESTABILISATION ..............................................................9 C. EXPATRIATE AND INVESTMENT FLIGHT ..............................................................................10 IV. GOVERNMENT
    [Show full text]
  • From Scattered Data to Ideological Education: Economics, Statistics and the State in Ghana, 1948-1966
    The London School of Economics and Political Science From Scattered Data to Ideological Education: Economics, Statistics and the State in Ghana, 1948-1966 Gerardo Serra A thesis submitted to the Department of Economic History of the London School of Economics for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. London, January 2015. Declaration I, Gerardo Serra, certify that the thesis I have presented for examination for the MPhil/PhD degree of the London School of Economics and Political Science is solely my own work other than where I have clearly indicated that it is the work of others (in which case the extent of any work carried out jointly by me and any other person is clearly identified in it). The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. Quotation from it is permitted, provided that full acknowledgement is made. This thesis may not be reproduced without my prior written consent. I warrant that this authorisation does not, to the best of my belief, infringe the rights of any third party. I declare that my thesis, including footnotes but excluding references, consists of 97,090 words. 2 Abstract This thesis analyses the contribution of economics and statistics in the transformation of Ghana from colonial dependency to socialist one-party state. The narrative begins in 1948, extending through the years of decolonization, and ends in 1966, when the first postcolonial government led by Kwame Nkrumah was overthrown by a military coup d’état. Drawing on insights from political economy, the history of economics and the sociology of science, the study is constructed as a series of microhistories of public institutions, social scientists, statistical enquiries and development plans.
    [Show full text]
  • Checkmating the Resurgence of Youth Militancy in the Niger Delta Of
    Checkmating the Resurgence of Oil Violence in the Niger Delta of Nigeria Edited by Victor Ojakorotu, Ph.D and Lysias Dodd Gilbert, M.Sc., PGD. Th. Table of Contents 1). Understanding the Context of Oil Violence in the Niger Delta of Nigeria. VICTOR OJAKOROTU & LYSIAS DODD GILBERT 2). Taming the Monster: Critical Issues in Arresting the Orgy of Youth Restiveness in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria. ALAFURO EPELLE 3). Amnesty in a Vacuum: The Unending Insurgency in the Niger Delta of Nigeria. DAVID ADEYEMO & ‗LANRE OLU–ADEYEMI 4). Youth Militancy, Amnesty and Security in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria. LYSIAS DODD GILBERT 5). Security Contradictions: Bane of Reactions of Oil Producing Communities and the Unending Crisis in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria. AKPOMUVIRE MUKORO & EGBADJU, OBUKOHWO ABRAHAM 6). Militants and Oil Violence in the Niger Delta of Nigeria: Any Implication for Security in Nigeria? VICTOR OJAKOROTU 7). The Politics of Oil Exploitation: Rationalising on the Coexistence of Oil Wealth and Extreme Poverty in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria FRANCIS NWONWU 8). The Politics of Oil in the Niger Delta EMMANUEL, J. C. DURU 9). The Niger Delta Child and the Future of National Integration in Nigeria: A Prognostic Analysis FRANK-COLLINS NNAMDI OKAFOR & MIKE C. ODDIH. 10). The Conflict in the Niger Delta Region and National Interest SEGUN OGUNGBEMI 11). Niger Delta Crisis: Implications on Nigeria‘s Domestic Economic Output AKINBOBOLA, T. O. Preface This book is a collection of excellent academic materials by experienced and renowned scholars who have critically analyzed the devastating age-long oil violence in the Niger Delta of Nigeria.
    [Show full text]
  • The Rawlings' Factor in Ghana's Politics
    al Science tic & li P Brenya et al., J Pol Sci Pub Aff 2015, S1 o u P b f l i o c DOI: 10.4172/2332-0761.S1-004 l Journal of Political Sciences & A a f n f r a u i r o s J ISSN: 2332-0761 Public Affairs Research Article Open Access The Rawlings’ Factor in Ghana’s Politics: An Appraisal of Some Secondary and Primary Data Brenya E, Adu-Gyamfi S*, Afful I, Darkwa B, Richmond MB, Korkor SO, Boakye ES and Turkson GK Department of History and Political Studies, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana Abstract Global concern for good leadership and democracy necessitates an examination of how good governance impacts the growth and development of a country. Since independence, Ghana has made giant strides towards good governance and democracy. Jerry John Rawlings has ruled the country for significant period of the three decades. Rawlings emerged on the political scene in 1979 through coup d’état as a junior officer who led the Armed Forces Revolutionary Council (AFRC) and eventually consolidated his rule as a legitimate democratically elected President of Ghana under the fourth republican constitution in 1992. Therefore, Ghana’s political history cannot be complete without a thorough examination of the role of the Rawlings in the developmental/democratic process of Ghana. However, there are different contentions about the impact of Rawlings on the developmental and democratic process of Ghana. This study examines the impacts of Rawlings’ administration on the politics of Ghana using both qualitative and quantitative analytical tools.
    [Show full text]
  • Who Is Governing the ''New'' South Africa?
    Who is Governing the ”New” South Africa? Marianne Séverin, Pierre Aycard To cite this version: Marianne Séverin, Pierre Aycard. Who is Governing the ”New” South Africa?: Elites, Networks and Governing Styles (1985-2003). IFAS Working Paper Series / Les Cahiers de l’ IFAS, 2006, 8, p. 13-37. hal-00799193 HAL Id: hal-00799193 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00799193 Submitted on 11 Mar 2013 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Ten Years of Democratic South Africa transition Accomplished? by Aurelia WA KABWE-SEGATTI, Nicolas PEJOUT and Philippe GUILLAUME Les Nouveaux Cahiers de l’IFAS / IFAS Working Paper Series is a series of occasional working papers, dedicated to disseminating research in the social and human sciences on Southern Africa. Under the supervision of appointed editors, each issue covers a specifi c theme; papers originate from researchers, experts or post-graduate students from France, Europe or Southern Africa with an interest in the region. The views and opinions expressed here remain the sole responsibility of the authors. Any query regarding this publication should be directed to the chief editor. Chief editor: Aurelia WA KABWE – SEGATTI, IFAS-Research director.
    [Show full text]
  • Easton E.E..Pdf
    ENVIRONMENTAL COMMUNICATION IN THE STAR: AN EXPLORATORY BIOSOCIAL STUDY E.E.EASTON BL. Mini-dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Magister Environmental Management in Geography and Environmental Studies at the Potchefstroomse Universiteit vir Christelike Hoer" Onderwys Supervisor: Dr. L.A. Sandham Assistant supervisor: Prof. J. Froneman November 2002 Potchefstroom ABSTRACT Environmental communication in The Star: an exploratory biosocial study The aim of this study is to investigate the biosocial linkages between South African society in a developing country and the biophysical environment by means of environmental communication i.e. the environmental themes presented in a South African newspaper The Star. The investigation takes the form of a review of research published in the field of environmental communication, a quantitative analysis of environmental communication published in The Star over a period of 12 months, and an assessment of biosocial connections between man and biophysical environment. The major findings of this study are that amongst all environmental themes dealt with in the newspaper, resource use receives considerable coverage, which indicates significant functional biosocial linkages between So~th African society and th.e biophysical environment. Another finding is that as a mass medium The Star contributes to more effective social interaction with the biophysical environment. Key words: Environmental communication, mass medium, biosocial approach, resource use, developing country. OPSOMMING Omgewingskommunikasie in The Star: 'n ondersoekende bic>sosiale studie Die doel van hierdie studie is om die biososiale skakels tussen die Suid­ Afrikaanse samelewing in ontwikkelende verband en hul biofisiese omgewing te ondersoek deur middel van omgewingskommunikasie, dit wil se omgewingstemas soos voorgestel deur 'n Suid-Afrikaanse koerant, The Star.
    [Show full text]
  • Information to Users
    INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. University Microfilms international A Ben & Howell information Company 300 North Z eeb Road. Ann Arbor. Ml 40106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 INSTITUTIONAL REFORM OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS IN SENEGAL, MALI AND GHANA: THE INTERPLAY OF STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT AND INTERNATIONAL POLICY DIFFUSION DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Cheikh Tidiane Gadio, Licence, Maltrise, D.E.A.
    [Show full text]