Kazakh-Uzbek Literary Relations: History and Specificity of Literary Translation Zhakyp B. Mamayev1a, Sandybai R. Boranbayev2b, Kanshaim A. Karabayeva3c, Zhazira I. Issayeva4d, Gulnar B. Mamayeva5a Abstract Literary relations are the result of intercultural ARTICLE HISTORY: communication, which is based on the ancient history of Received April 2021 mankind, which marked the beginning of the process of Received in Revised form June 2021 globalization. The article examines the historical foundations of the Kazakh-Uzbek literary relations and the peculiarities Accepted June 2021 of their development. The subject of the research is Kazakh- Available online July 2021 Uzbek literary relations. The study of Kazakh and Uzbek literature is important in the context of comparative literary studies, which shows the existing common historical roots. Literary relations between them are also important, divided into chronological periods in accordance with the principles KEYWORDS: of historical development. The article uses both chronological and typological methods to identify the stages and types of Kazakh literature literary translation in the literature of the two languages. Uzbek literature With the help of the cultural-historical method, the historical Literary text origin of literary translation in Kazakh and Uzbek literature Folklore was determined, national characteristics influencing the Cultural relations created literary work, historical, genetic, and geographical factors that serve as the basis for their integration were identified. © 2021 IJSCL. All rights reserved. 1 Associate Professor, Email: [email protected] (Corresponding Author) Tel: +7-7172-709500 2 Associate Professor, Email: [email protected] 3 Associate Professor, Email: [email protected] 4 Associate Professor, Email: [email protected] 5 Associate Professor, Email: [email protected] a L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Republic of Kazakhstan b М. Auezov South Kazakhstan State University, Republic of Kazakhstan c Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Republic of Kazakhstan d Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Republic of Kazakhstan 2 Kazakh-Uzbek Literary Relations: History and Specificity of Literary Translation other nations of the world and which has 1. Introduction formed its own features. The first versions of azakhs have always considered Kazakh folklore are common to all Turkic Uzbeks as their “own brothers” and people. Myrzakhmetuly has noted that all the Uzbeks say if you have a Kazakh historical events of the Kazakh people are K common events for the Turkic people (Akpinar friend, then you will never be defeated. It is a manifestation of the brotherhood between the & Ferruh, 2013; Karakus, 2020). Kazakh two neighboring nations. Symbols of this literature was closely connected with the brotherhood are manifested in Kazakhstan, the culture and literature of neighboring native declaration of 2018 as the Year of Uzbekistan, Turkic peoples. In particular, the relationship and the high praise of the Kazakh poet Abai in between Kazakh and Uzbek literature was Uzbekistan. Such significant events in the closely connected with historical events. The literary process also point to the dynamic Kazakh sultans Kerey and Zhanibek founded development of cultural and literary interaction the Kazakh Khanate, taking their inheritance in the Turkic world. Before getting to the from the Uzbek khan Abulkairkhan who had subject matter of Kazakh and Uzbek literary watched over the great steppe for more than relations, we need to make sense of the concept forty years (Qojaquly, 2006). If the Uzbek of “Literary relations”. The development of the statehood begins with the Shaibani tribe, art and literature of any nation directly depends today’s independent Kazakh nation has entered on the place where it is located and on its the arena of history from the Kazakh Khanate. neighboring civilizations. This interrelated History, culture, worldview, literature that is problem is studied by a branch of literature, the whole essence of two fraternal nations that which is known as comparative literature have common roots. (López, 2020; Steyn, 2020). The subject of most studies about Kazakh- Comparative literature studies are aimed at Uzbek literature was not Kazakh-Uzbek providing a cross-light of the history of literary relations but the historical and cultural cultural interrelation aspects in literature. relations between the two nations. The Jonathan Locke Hart (2017) claims that nations research on literary relations often covered and national works of literature are not isolated issues such as which literary works were from one another, and it is impossible for translated. That is why we can say that the world literature to exist without the stories of topic we are considering in the context of different regions or nations to compare or to relations of Kazakh-Uzbek literature in the aggregate in a constantly changing world. That field of comparative literary studies of the means even though national, comparative, and Turkic people has been done for the first time. world literature are considered separate So, the purpose of this research was to branches of literature they depend a lot on each determine the historical origin of literary other. Each of them exists alongside each translation in Kazakh and Uzbek literature and other, sometimes overlapping and rivaling each to identify national characteristics influencing other (Hart, 2017). Generally speaking, the created literary works. comparative literature requires a minimum of 2. Theoretical Framework two texts or authors from two different cultures to make a comparison, and world literature is The relations between Kazakh and Uzbek based on national and comparative literature in literature have been studied sufficiently by order to study different literature from around scholars in both countries from different the world, often this literature is in translation perspectives. Among these studies, this topic (Hart, 2017; Khoshsaligheh, 2018). has also been considered a subject of special studies. However, in the course of the study, Literary relations are the result of intercultural we found out that there is not so much communication, which came from the ancient fundamental research or scientific articles on history of mankind and began the process of the relationship between Kazakh and Uzbek globalization (Gupta & Sukamto, 2020; literature. These include research articles by Sútjanov, 2008). Kazakh literature is also Auezov “On Literary Relations”, Mukhanov national literature that has passed stages of “On Relative Literature”, Satpayeva “Literary relationship processes with the literature of relations”, Madanova “Topical issues of Z. B. Mamayev et al./ International Journal of Society, Culture & Language, 2021 ISSN 2329-2210 3 literary comparisons”, Mamyrayev “Kazakh many common points in the history of the literary relations began in the twentieth formation and development of the Kazakh and century”, Nurmakhanov “Enlightened Literature”, Uzbek nationalities, some of which can be Seidanov “Friend of the Uzbek Literature”, summarized as follows: firstly, these nations “Poems of friendship”, “Mukhtar Auezov and belong to the Turkic ethnic genetic family; Uzbek Literature”, “He was a poet of secondly, the process of interaction between friendship”. These works explore issues such economic and social, cultural and domestic as the relationship between Kazakh and Uzbek traditions was reflected at a high level in the literature, the friendship of nations, kindred early stages; thirdly, they spoke one common relationship, and degree of development of language (Aldabergenova et al., 2016). We bilateral relations, comparative literature also need to pay attention to the fact that studies, and interpreting. Historical and Uzbek, Kazakh, and other Turkic peoples are cultural aspects of the two nations have been divided into many different tribes. In other investigated in the monographs of Neupokoeva words, we see the commonality of the two “Relations and interaction of national ethnic groups (Isaeva et al., 2018). literature” (1961), Shermuhamedov and Mirzaev “Literary relations are life demands” Alash intellectuals, who had been forced to go (1975), and Kelimbetov “Eastern classical abroad, and their companions-in-arms Uzbek poetry and Kazakh literature” (1998). Some jadidists were known as members of notable researchers of Kazakh-Uzbek literary Turkestan. Alash intellectuals and Uzbek relations include Nurmakhanov, who wrote the jadidists as well fought for the advancement of section “Friendly wishes” of the book the educational and social development of their “Literature of the Golden Land”; and Sultanov homeland. Jadidism is the term that describes a and Seydanov who are authors of the work movement that was focused “on educational “The artistic image of the friendship of the reform and modernization among the Muslim Uzbek and Kazakh people”. peoples of Turkestan” (Zanca, 1991). The movement has influenced the revolutionary The book “Uzbek-Kazakh literary relations” process in many areas such as different published in Tashkent (1979) and specially intellectual and literary activities, language developed for this topic is also of great reform, historical and cultural awareness, and importance. In his scientific and historical so on. One of the important impacts of article “Historical and genetic typology of the jadidism was that it caused a revival in Uzbek epos of the Turkic people”,