Kazakh-Uzbek Literary Relations: History and Specificity of Literary Translation Zhakyp B. Mamayev1a, Sandybai R. Boranbayev2b, Kanshaim A. Karabayeva3c, Zhazira I. Issayeva4d, Gulnar B. Mamayeva5a

Abstract Literary relations are the result of intercultural ARTICLE HISTORY: communication, which is based on the ancient history of Received April 2021 mankind, which marked the beginning of the process of Received in Revised form June 2021 globalization. The article examines the historical foundations of the Kazakh-Uzbek literary relations and the peculiarities Accepted June 2021 of their development. The subject of the research is Kazakh- Available online July 2021 Uzbek literary relations. The study of Kazakh and Uzbek literature is important in the context of comparative literary studies, which shows the existing common historical roots. Literary relations between them are also important, divided into chronological periods in accordance with the principles KEYWORDS: of historical development. The article uses both chronological and typological methods to identify the stages and types of Kazakh literature literary translation in the literature of the two languages. Uzbek literature With the help of the cultural-historical method, the historical Literary text origin of literary translation in Kazakh and Uzbek literature Folklore was determined, national characteristics influencing the Cultural relations created literary work, historical, genetic, and geographical factors that serve as the basis for their integration were identified. © 2021 IJSCL. All rights reserved.

1 Associate Professor, Email: [email protected] (Corresponding Author) Tel: +7-7172-709500 2 Associate Professor, Email: [email protected] 3 Associate Professor, Email: [email protected] 4 Associate Professor, Email: [email protected] 5 Associate Professor, Email: [email protected] a L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Republic of Kazakhstan b М. Auezov South Kazakhstan State University, Republic of Kazakhstan c Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Republic of Kazakhstan d Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Republic of Kazakhstan

2 Kazakh-Uzbek Literary Relations: History and Specificity of Literary Translation

other nations of the world and which has 1. Introduction formed its own features. The first versions of azakhs have always considered Kazakh folklore are common to all Turkic Uzbeks as their “own brothers” and people. Myrzakhmetuly has noted that all the Uzbeks say if you have a Kazakh historical events of the Kazakh people are K common events for the Turkic people (Akpinar friend, then you will never be defeated. It is a manifestation of the brotherhood between the & Ferruh, 2013; Karakus, 2020). Kazakh two neighboring nations. Symbols of this literature was closely connected with the brotherhood are manifested in Kazakhstan, the culture and literature of neighboring native declaration of 2018 as the Year of Uzbekistan, Turkic peoples. In particular, the relationship and the high praise of the Kazakh poet Abai in between Kazakh and Uzbek literature was Uzbekistan. Such significant events in the closely connected with historical events. The literary process also point to the dynamic Kazakh sultans Kerey and Zhanibek founded development of cultural and literary interaction the Kazakh Khanate, taking their inheritance in the Turkic world. Before getting to the from the Uzbek khan Abulkairkhan who had subject matter of Kazakh and Uzbek literary watched over the great steppe for more than relations, we need to make sense of the concept forty years (Qojaquly, 2006). If the Uzbek of “Literary relations”. The development of the statehood begins with the Shaibani tribe, art and literature of any nation directly depends today’s independent Kazakh nation has entered on the place where it is located and on its the arena of history from the Kazakh Khanate. neighboring civilizations. This interrelated History, culture, worldview, literature that is problem is studied by a branch of literature, the whole essence of two fraternal nations that which is known as comparative literature have common roots. (López, 2020; Steyn, 2020). The subject of most studies about Kazakh- Comparative literature studies are aimed at Uzbek literature was not Kazakh-Uzbek providing a cross-light of the history of literary relations but the historical and cultural cultural interrelation aspects in literature. relations between the two nations. The Jonathan Locke Hart (2017) claims that nations research on literary relations often covered and national works of literature are not isolated issues such as which literary works were from one another, and it is impossible for translated. That is why we can say that the world literature to exist without the stories of topic we are considering in the context of different regions or nations to compare or to relations of Kazakh-Uzbek literature in the aggregate in a constantly changing world. That field of comparative literary studies of the means even though national, comparative, and Turkic people has been done for the first time. world literature are considered separate So, the purpose of this research was to branches of literature they depend a lot on each determine the historical origin of literary other. Each of them exists alongside each translation in Kazakh and Uzbek literature and other, sometimes overlapping and rivaling each to identify national characteristics influencing other (Hart, 2017). Generally speaking, the created literary works. comparative literature requires a minimum of 2. Theoretical Framework two texts or authors from two different cultures to make a comparison, and world literature is The relations between Kazakh and Uzbek based on national and comparative literature in literature have been studied sufficiently by order to study different literature from around scholars in both countries from different the world, often this literature is in translation perspectives. Among these studies, this topic (Hart, 2017; Khoshsaligheh, 2018). has also been considered a subject of special studies. However, in the course of the study, Literary relations are the result of intercultural we found out that there is not so much communication, which came from the ancient fundamental research or scientific articles on history of mankind and began the process of the relationship between Kazakh and Uzbek globalization (Gupta & Sukamto, 2020; literature. These include research articles by Sútjanov, 2008). Kazakh literature is also Auezov “On Literary Relations”, Mukhanov national literature that has passed stages of “On Relative Literature”, Satpayeva “Literary relationship processes with the literature of relations”, Madanova “Topical issues of

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literary comparisons”, Mamyrayev “Kazakh many common points in the history of the literary relations began in the twentieth formation and development of the Kazakh and century”, Nurmakhanov “Enlightened Literature”, Uzbek nationalities, some of which can be Seidanov “Friend of the Uzbek Literature”, summarized as follows: firstly, these nations “Poems of friendship”, “Mukhtar Auezov and belong to the Turkic ethnic genetic family; Uzbek Literature”, “He was a poet of secondly, the process of interaction between friendship”. These works explore issues such economic and social, cultural and domestic as the relationship between Kazakh and Uzbek traditions was reflected at a high level in the literature, the friendship of nations, kindred early stages; thirdly, they spoke one common relationship, and degree of development of language (Aldabergenova et al., 2016). We bilateral relations, comparative literature also need to pay attention to the fact that studies, and interpreting. Historical and Uzbek, Kazakh, and other Turkic peoples are cultural aspects of the two nations have been divided into many different tribes. In other investigated in the monographs of Neupokoeva words, we see the commonality of the two “Relations and interaction of national ethnic groups (Isaeva et al., 2018). literature” (1961), Shermuhamedov and Mirzaev “Literary relations are life demands” Alash intellectuals, who had been forced to go (1975), and Kelimbetov “Eastern classical abroad, and their companions-in-arms Uzbek poetry and Kazakh literature” (1998). Some jadidists were known as members of notable researchers of Kazakh-Uzbek literary Turkestan. Alash intellectuals and Uzbek relations include Nurmakhanov, who wrote the jadidists as well fought for the advancement of section “Friendly wishes” of the book the educational and social development of their “Literature of the Golden Land”; and Sultanov homeland. Jadidism is the term that describes a and Seydanov who are authors of the work movement that was focused “on educational “The artistic image of the friendship of the reform and modernization among the Muslim Uzbek and Kazakh people”. peoples of Turkestan” (Zanca, 1991). The movement has influenced the revolutionary The book “Uzbek-Kazakh literary relations” process in many areas such as different published in Tashkent (1979) and specially intellectual and literary activities, language developed for this topic is also of great reform, historical and cultural awareness, and importance. In his scientific and historical so on. One of the important impacts of article “Historical and genetic typology of the jadidism was that it caused a revival in Uzbek epos of the Turkic people”, the famous literature and the literature of other Turkic Turkologist Berdibai (2017) explores the people (Zanca, 1991). Zanca (1991) has noted essence of the synthesis of the Turkic people in that jadidism achieved more in creating an the epics in three systems: historical and accessible Turkic language, which would typological comparisons, historical and enable the establishment of “high” literature, cultural typology, and historical and genetic than any other movement, social or political, of typology. In this book, which focuses on the its time, especially during the first 20 years of problems of the literature of the kindred the twentieth century (Zanca, 1991). nations the scholar notes that poems “Yusif- Zilihka”, “Tahir-Zukhra”, “Saypul-Malik” and Kazakh literature developed closely alongside “Layla-Majnun”, which were developed by the neighboring Turkic culture and literature. This Eastern poets have made a great contribution can be shown by the most ancient historical to the development of Kazakh and Uzbek monuments such as the Kultegin, Bilge Kagan, literature. and Orkhon Monuments, which are devoted to Tonykok, a Turkic commander common to the Kazakhs and Uzbeks close relationship is histories of the Azeris, Kyrgyz, Uzbeks, linked not only to common historical events Tatars, and other Turkic peoples. The deep and and traditions but also to religious beliefs and multi-faceted relationship between Kazakh and the unity of boundaries. The kindredness of the Uzbek people originates from their folklore two nations was also strengthened by the blood and oral literature. Beginning with the myths of their ancestors in battle against common of the creation of the universe, myths of the enemies. Although centuries have passed, the ancient times, such as “Altyn Er tonga”, brotherhood and friendship between the two “Tumar khansha”, “Shyrak batyr”, “Shu”, countries have not been scratched. There are epics that form the heritage of Hun times

4 Kazakh-Uzbek Literary Relations: History and Specificity of Literary Translation

“Attila”, “Kok Bory”, “Oguz kagan”, strengthens through literary relations “Ergenekon” and the sagas of “Korkyt Ata's (Satbayeva, 1974). book” coming from ancient Turki, “Kosh” are the treasures of Kazakh-Uzbek folklore During the research, scientific works about (Kelimbetov, 2005). Qahhar and Dirks (1996) Kazakh-Uzbek literature that cover historical acknowledged that ancient tales, stories, and and cultural relations between the two nations poems such as Shiraq, Tomaris, Alp Er Tonga, were studied. In particular, the authors Zarina and Strangio, Odatida, and Zariad are analyzed the following examples of Uzbek and the national written treasures of Uzbek Kazakh works of literature: Dala (Zhansugurov, literature, or the Turkic literature of Turkistan 1985), Sacred Blood (Aibek, 1975), The (including Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Uighur, Winners and The Strong Storm (Rashidov, Karakalpak, and Turkmen) which date from 1980), and The Way of Abai (Auyezov, 2012). the seventh to the third century B.C. The cultural-historical method was used. 3. Methodology Peculiarities of ancient monuments and myths that show close relation of Kazakh and Turkic The research on Kazakh-Uzbek literary cultures and works of literature and their relations was conducted on the methodological common worldviews were investigated. base of comparative literature. Comparative Kazakh and Uzbek folklores were studied and literature is a branch of literary studies dealing compared on the example of the ritual song with the history of literature, literary relations, “Badik”. Translations of Kazakh and Uzbek the literary process and its peculiarities, and folklore and works of poets have been the problems of fiction. It also deals with in analyzed and compared. Uzbek proverbs and breadth and depth an origin and formation of sayings and their translations into Kazakh by literature as a form of art, the ways of its Nurmatov and Sarybaev as well as Kazakh development, as well as its relations with translation of Uzbek legends by Tazhibayeva works of literature of other nations, the place were compared to confirm the authors’ of fiction in world literature, interchangeability statement regarding kinship of these two in the world of literature, translation, etc., by nationalities. Uyghun’s translation of “Dala” comparing the past and the present. In other (Zhansugurov, 1985) and the translation of the words, the comparative literature study is a novel “The Way of Abai” (Zumrad) (Auyezov, methodological art that compares literary texts 2012) into the Uzbek language as well as with each other and is aimed at bringing them Kazakh translations of the novel “Sacred closer in space and in time, analyzing Blood” (translated by Mukhamedzhanov) similarities, relationships, and interactions (Aibek, 1975), “The Winners”, and “The (López, 2020; Steyn, 2020). Strong Storm” (translated by Satybaldiyev) (Rashidov, 1980) were studied. Interpretation, typology, literary relations, national values, and the interaction of foreign 4. Results and Discussion cultures are considered as objects of comparative literature studies. One of the most 4.1. Folklore as the Beginning of Kazakh- important terms in this area is “literary Uzbek Relations relations”, which means continuity, and Folklore is the fruit of several eras and integration of artistic traditions between works different societies; therefore, it is multi- of literature of different nations. Symbols of layered, multi-level, multi-valued, and multi- literary relations appear as a result of the faceted. Rituals and customs, religious writer’s commitment to establishing literary concepts and myths that emerged in ancient traditions, as well as the typological similarity times, are folklore, on the one hand, because between single-root works of literature. This is they are the oral traditions and rituals of the a distinctive feature of spiritual change, artistic people of that time. In this sense, on the other development, and literary process in the world hand, they were the culture of the society of of literature. Literary relations are an important that time, because the rituals and myths form of literary processes, which usually take a performed by the people of that time played a special place in the history of world literature. cultural role in those communities. Thirdly, Any literature develops, grows, and various superstitions, customs, religious beliefs, and myths were the spirituality of the

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ancient people as they went through the indicate that the Turkic people shared a process of learning about the world. They common worldview. An important topic is the were, in fact, the worldview of these ancient existence of many examples of ritual traditions people (Qasqabasov, 2009). that reflect the common initiatives of Kazakh and Uzbek folklore. In general, Kazakh Most of the elements we have mentioned are folklore is distinguished by the aitys tradition, the objects of the study of folklore, which is while Eastern motifs dominate in Uzbek the root of the Turkic worldview and the folklore. This difference in the two similar “origin of the Turkic world” (Isaev et al., 2016; folklores might be related to the nomadic Oğuz, 1996). Despite the different classifications lifestyle of one nation and to the settled way of of the literary researchers in Kazakh-Uzbek life of the other. However, in Uzbek folklore, folklore, such qualities as a folk tradition, the badik as a type of aitys can be seen, whereas in semantic characteristic of its content, and Kazakh folklore the oriental motifs are methods of artistic production are reflected in continued with the tradition of the nazira. the same way (Jumagulov, 2012; Sarymsakov, Kazakh and Uzbek folklore are very rich 1986). As an example of this, we can cite all historically. Qahhar and Dirks (1996) have kinds of folklore, from lullabies to farewell found that by 1990, a set of epic songs and songs. For example, the song “Badik”, which fairy tales from Uzbek literature comprising is an example of a kind of folk song known as forty volumes had been published, and a one “turmys-salt”, is found among the Turkic hundred volume collection of Uzbek folktales people in Kazakh, Uzbek, Kyrgyz, and is currently being compiled. This is evidence Karakalpak folklore (Sarymsakov, 1986). of the great cultural heritage of Uzbek “Badik” is the ritual used in our common literature. folklore to treat a patient. All the poems sung in this ritual for the treatment of diseases are The two kindred works of literature developed called “Badik”. As an example of the fact that not only through common literary works but Kazakh and Uzbek folklore originated from the also in the process of mutual literary same channel, we will compare some excerpts translation. The works of both Kazakh and from the poem “Badik”. Uzbek folklore have been translated into the language of the other nation. For example, Kosher bolsan kosh, badik Nurmatov and Sarybaev translated “Uzbek Taularfa kosh, proverbs and sayings” to Kazakh, and “Uzbek Tau arkasyn zhailagan legends” was translated by Tazhibayeva into Bailarga kosh. Kazakh. A Kazakh scholar in Uzbekstan Onan oryn tappasan, Sattarov (1972) translated works of Kazakh Kara basyn kamdagan oral literature into the Uzbek language Khandarga kosh. (Sattarov, 1972). It is also known that Sattarov (Kazakh Badik poem). collected and studied works and samples of Kazakh literature in Uzbekistan. Kuch-kuch badik, kuch badik, Busagada burilip turma badik. 4.2. Specifics of Kazakh-Uzbek Literary Busagada burilb tursang, badik, Translation Egasining kungliga kelar khadik. Kuch-kuch, badik, oilarga kuch, Literary translation is one of the most Oi ostida otirgan boilarga kuch. significant forms of interaction between the Tinik desang, soilarga kuch, world and national literature. It is a version of Zhuirik desang, toilarga kuch. a translation of a literary work from one (Uzbek Badik poem) (Maksetov, 1977). language to another and one of the branches of fiction. From the Middle Ages Kazakh and From the excerpts above it can be seen that the Uzbek literature had a long tradition of writing content, structure, and poetic features of works of literature based on well-known Kazakh and Uzbek poems are similar. plotlines from the East. It should be noted that According to the Uzbek folklorist Sarymsakov they cannot be seen as translations in the sense (1986), the similarity of semantic meaning and of today’s definition of the word. In the 1930s the artistic forms of Kazakh and Uzbek badik the process of mutual translation of the works poems and even the whole textual similarity

6 Kazakh-Uzbek Literary Relations: History and Specificity of Literary Translation

of Kazakh and Uzbek writers started and reality, into the Kazakh language. This developed since the Second World War. contributed to the development of literary relations between the two nations. There is an According to Gould (2012), in the early 1970s obvious connection between the two nations translations represented 70% of the literature shown in the novel. “Many Kazakhs work near was in the Soviet Union. In comparison, in you. You are used to them. Choose some recent decades only 3% of the literature Kazakh girl, you will work and listen to her published in the US has been translated. This songs” (Aibek, 1975, p. 211). process was a result of the holding of literary events as a sign of friendship between Kazakh During the Soviet period, Rashidov’s creative and Uzbek writers, the establishment of work had its own place in Uzbek literature. His general and personal creative contacts, and the novel “The Winners” (1951) describes postwar translation of artistic works from one language life; the novel “The Strong Storm” depicts the to the other. A shining example of this is that heroism of those who embraced waterless the Kazakh poets Zharokov and Utebayev alpine fields in the Altynsai mountain chains. translated many poems of Ghulam, a well- In 1957, these compositions and his later known Uzbek encyclopedic poet, into Kazakh. collection of short stories “Kashmir’s song” Among the first examples of Kazakh literature were translated by Satybaldiyev (2008) into the translated into the Uzbek language was Kazakh language. Thanks to the translations of Zhansugurov’s poem “Dala” translated by Satybaldiyev, the works of Kahhar, Rashidov, Uyghun in 1933, and a two-volume collection Fazylov became available in the Kazakh of works by Zhabayev translated by Polat, language. Satybaldiyev also translated the Rasul, and Khussan in 1938. story “Heartbeat” by Fazylov which describes the first stage of collective farming. It depicts a The land has changed and the country is happy! friendly relationship between the Russian, Today, today, today is the steppe Kazakh, and Uzbek people, and their joint Was this the steppe before? (Zhansugurov, struggle against the rich. Rural life during the 1985). war, brotherly relations between the Kazakh In the post-war years, from 1945, Uzbek and Uzbek people, their continuous work, readers were able to become acquainted with sincere affection, and mutual understanding the works of Abai, the greatest Kazakh poet. between young Kazakh and Uzbek people Abai's poems and admonitions were translated were also described in this epic story. by the Uzbek poet Uyghun. The works of the As Satybaldiyev’s translations demonstrate the great poet were published in the Uzbek language and traditions of the Uzbek people, language in 1961 by the Uzbek writer Gulam his literary translations strengthen the literary (Qunonbayev, 1961). relationship between the two nations’ works of Among Uzbek poets, the poems of Aibek are literature. Poems by the poet Zulfiya, who is the most poetic works that have been translated one of the finest Uzbek poets, were translated into the Kazakh language. The poet's historical by Kairbekov, and these translations contributed work “Nauai” written during the Second World to literary relations. In addition, Fazylov was War was given a state award in 1946. also known for his outstanding translations of Suleimenov translated this work into the the works of the prominent Kazakh writers into Kazakh language in 1949. This work, the Uzbek language. For example, he reflecting the life of Uzbek people in the XIV translated the novels, “Shyganak Bershev”, century through the life and creative work of “Millionaire” and, “Karaganda” by the Kazakh the great poet of the Turkic people Nauai, is writer Mustafin into the Uzbek language. His considered to be of great value to the people, contribution to this field was mentioned by the awakening their love of their country and their First President of the Republic of Kazakhstan pride in their national spiritual heritage. In Nazarbayev, who in 1994 awarded him with 1960, Nazhimedenov translated Aibek’s poems the title of “Peace and spiritual harmony”. “When the Great Day has come” and “Nauai” In the 1950s when literary relations between into the Kazakh language. At the same time, the two countries were reflected in literary and Mukhamedzhanov translated Aibek’s novel cultural decades, the novel “The Way of Abai” “Sacred Blood”, which is a product of social by the Kazakh writer Auyezov was presented

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to Uzbek readers in the translation “Zumrad”. mind, talent, dexterity, and entrepreneurship Due to the close collaboration of Kazakh and are all qualities of Uzbeks. They are Uzbek writers on various issues of literature in humble and welcoming. (p. 141) the period of 1960 to 1980, the best examples of Kazakh literature were translated into the The regional Uzbek cultural center coordinates Uzbek language, and works of Uzbek literature the activities of these centers and provides were translated into the Kazakh language. them with methodological and practical Literary works aimed at promoting the assistance. Traditionally, since 1992, the friendship between the two nations also Uzbek Association “Dustlik” annually celebrates emerged at this stage. During this period the Day of Languages, Traditions, and Culture, Uzbek and Kazakh literature were frequently and organizes the contests “Opharin”, “Lapar”, accompanied by a special emphasis on the and the “Askya” comedy festival. At present, artistic translation and the strengthening of the 10 publications in Turkestan are published in relationship between the two works of the Uzbek language, including social and literature. Specifically, in order to improve the political journals in Turkestan (“Zhanubiy quality of translations, it was said that the most Kozogiston”, “Turkiston”), private newspapers important works of the two nations should be (“Sairam Sadosi”, “Sairam Sadosi”, “Jamiat va translated directly from the language of origin. ma’rifaat”, “Adabiyot va San’at”, “Zhanub zhorchilari”, “Isfizhob”, “Robita”, and “Ikonim- In the 1980s, as a result of the collaboration iymonim”), private magazines (“Boichechak”, between the Kazakh literary magazine “Kamalak”, “Bolajon”, and “Bolalar olami”), “Zhalyn” and the newspaper “Young Guard” and a magazine for children “Saodat Sari”. In with an introduction by Nurpeisov, the works addition, TV channels (“Kazakhstan-Shymkent”, of young Kazakh writers were published in the “Otyrar”, “Sairam Akshamy”) show news Uzbek language under the title of “Qardoshlik broadcasts in the Uzbek language. Kushagi” (“Poem of friendship”) (Tazhin, 1982). It should be noted that until the 1990s In 2003, when the Uzbek regional drama the literature of the kindred nations was theater was opened in the Sairam district, it translated not through Turkic languages but was visited by the First President of the through foreign languages such as Russian, Republic of Kazakhstan Nazarbayev who took English, French, and so on. It was only after part in the opening of it. There is a large group the 1990s that the mutual translation of of writers and poets who have been fraternal Turkic literature was developed contributing to the development of Uzbek rapidly (Musaoğlu, 2003). language and literature in Kazakhstan. Uzbek writers such as Rozmetov, Sabitov, 4.3. Current State of Uzbek Literature in Kochkarov, Mominzhanov, Pratov, Khukkiev, Kazakhstan Khashimzhanov, Abubakirov are members of the Union of Writers and Journalists of According to historical data, the relocation of Kazakhstan. Writers who serve for the sake of Uzbeks to Kazakhstan was for historical, friendship and solidarity with the pen are political, and economic reasons. Uzbeks have a closely cooperating with the Union of Writers special place in the interethnic relations of and Journalists of Uzbekistan to organize Turkic people in Kazakhstan. They live in the meetings of poets and writers in Kazakhstan. southern part of Kazakhstan, namely in the For example, in the Sairam district while cities and towns of Shymkent, Turkestan, celebrating “The Day of the Uzbek Language Sairam, Saryagash, Tolebi, Kazygurt, Kentau, and Traditions” poets and writers, led by the Taraz, and Merke. There are 11 branches of the chairman of the Republic fund “Nuroniylar Uzbek ethnocultural center in these cities and Zhamgarmasy”, Kasimov, visited and took part districts. Qunonbayev (1961) stated that in it. The Uzbek Cultural Center also maintains there is no culture that the Uzbeks would close contact with the Kazakh Cultural Center not cultivate and receive a rich harvest, in Uzbekistan. The Kazakh Drama Theater and there is no corner on the entire planet Sairam Drama Theater in Gagarin, Zhyzak where Uzbek traders would not reach, Oblast share their professional experiences there is no business that would not be with each other. within the power of the Uzbeks. Sharp

8 Kazakh-Uzbek Literary Relations: History and Specificity of Literary Translation

It should be noted that 2018 was declared as new era of relationships between the two the Year of Uzbekistan in Kazakhstan. Then, kindred works of literature started. on March 13, 2018, Uzbekistan’s President Mirziyoyev issued a decree to promulgate the The problems of studying the Turkic people’s creative heritage of the Kazakh poet vocabulary, which has not been addressed Kunanbaiuly and a special organizing enough in the field of comparative literary committee to implement this decree has been studies, require complex research. Studying the set up. This decree clearly shows that the great issues of interrelationship resulting from poet and philosopher Kunanbaiuly’s name and literary relations is one of the most important his rich creative heritage left a specific imprint research tasks in this area. not only in the history of the Kazakh people References but also in the history of the spiritual development of all Turkic peoples including Aibek. (1975). Sacred blood. Tashkent: the Uzbeks. Ukytuvchy. Akpinar, Y., & Ferruh, A. (Eds.). (2013). 5. Concluding Remarks Contemporary Turkish literature. In conclusion, the foundations of the dialogue Eskişehir: Anadolu University Publication. between works of literature and cultures, that Aldabergenova, M. K., Primkulova, G. J., is, common history, and migration are the Dinasheva, L. S., Tastanbekov, M., opportunities given by literary translation and Rustambekova, M., & Karabayeva, K. technology should be emphasized. These (2016). Strengthening the practical foundations were fully reflected in the process orientation of studying the history of of interaction between Kazakh and Uzbek southern Kazakhstan by the means of literature. In our opinion, the two nations have museum pedagogy. Indian Journal of a rich shared heritage as Turkic people with a Science and Technology, 9(42), 1–8. common language, history, as well similar Auyezov, M. (2012). The way of Abai. Almaty: traditions and customs. In other words, if the Silk Road. historical basis of the interaction between Berdibai, R. (2017). Collection of works (Vol. Kazakh and Uzbek literature is their 1). Almaty: Daur. brotherhood, then their destiny and Gould, R. (2012). World literature as a development have created common themes in communal apartment: Semyon Lipkin's the art of writing. ethics of translational difference. Translation and Literature, 21(3), 402– Various cultural events such as theoretical 421. conferences, symposiums, and cultural events Gupta, M., & Sukamto, K. (2020). Cultural devoted to the literary relations of the communicative styles: The case of India neighboring countries were held in Almaty and and Indonesia. International Journal of Tashkent. At different stages of their historical Society, Culture & Language, 8(2), 105– development, Kazakhs and Uzbeks can be seen 120. in close collaboration. Turkic people lived in Hart, J. (2017). Texts and images in a national, one socio-economic, political and cultural comparative, and world context. Canadian environment at different stages of history, and Review of Comparative Literature, shared a common worldview. Such qualities as 44(3), 482–500. a folk tradition, the semantic characteristic of Isaev, M. S., Tursun, K. M., Jandarbek, Z. Z., its content, and methods of artistic production Jetibaev, K. M., Suleymenova, D. D., & are reflected in the same way in Kazakh-Uzbek Dinashevaj, L. S. (2016). Turkic origins folklore. The process of interaction Kazakh of the traditional Kazakh historical and Uzbek literature has found its course thought and Islamic influence on its through literary translation. The translation formation. Indian Journal of Science relations between the two countries have and Technology, 9(21), 1–3. developed rapidly since the Second World Isaeva, K., Adams, B. G., & van de Vijver, F. War. The literary translation was an advanced J. R. (2018). The kaleidoscope of area of literature in the Soviet Union. From language, ethnicity, and identity in political events in 2018, it can be said that a Uzbekistan. In N. Lebedeva, R. Dimitrova, & J. Berry (Eds.), Changing

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