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Presidential Campaigning in the Filson's Collection

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Presidential Campaigning in the Filson's Collection Presidential Campaigning in The Filson’s Collection Selections from The Filson’s Manuscript, Print, and Museum Collections Illustrating America’s Presidential Campaigns and Elections George Washington • Set the tone and tradition of the American presidency • No competition • True campaigns and elections began with John Adams and Thomas Jefferson Election of 1824 • First presidential election “crisis” since the Jefferson-Burr “tie” of 1800. • Four way race: John Quincy Adams, Andrew Jackson, William Crawford, and Henry Clay • The “Era of Good Feeling” under James Monroe was at an end. • Popular vs. Electoral vote – House of Representatives to decide. And the Winner is . • North Carolina politician Willie P. Mangum analyzes the race in a lengthy February 1824 letter to his friend William Polk. • He includes John C. Calhoun of South Carolina as a possible candidate. Correctly pegs the four that do run. Adams wins and the “Corrupt Bargain” charge is born • Jackson wins the popular and electoral vote – but fails to win the needed majority of electoral votes • Election referred to House • Henry Clay defies Kentucky’s instructions to vote for Jackson and supports Adams instead. • Adams becomes president. • Clay’s appointment as Secretary of State – a stepping stone to the presidency up to that time – by Adams elicits charges of a “corrupt bargain” between Adams and Clay to rob Jackson of the presidency he rightfully deserved. Election of 1828 • It’s Adams vs. Jackson • Jackson supporters are determined not to have their hero “cheated” again. • Emotions run high and charges fly thick. • A two party system has emerged and coalesced. • Samuel Catlett letters to Henry Buckner stressing majority must rule and lamenting the “filth” being spread by the opposing sides against each other. The Campaign is Fought from Print to the Stump And the Winner is . • Old Hickory wins in a landslide • Kentucky goes with the Hero of New Orleans – precautions taken to instruct electors to cast their ballot for Jackson – such as this Gallatin County document. • Henry Clay, still very popular in Kentucky, is the acknowledged leader of the National Republicans and opposed to “King Andrew I” and the Democratic Party. Clay immediately looks to defeating Jackson in 1832. Hope Springs Eternal • Clay predicts victory in 1832 but he and the National Republicans are thwarted by the popular Jackson. • The reign of “King Andrew” continues for another four years. Election of 1840 • Clay continues an eternal optimist in his predictions of Democratic defeat in the elections of 1836 and 1840. • The newly formed Whig Party runs several candidates in 1836, including General William Henry Harrison – a hero of the War of 1812 – in an attempt to throw the election into the House of Representatives. • Jackson’s chosen successor, Martin Van Buren, wins. • The Panic of 1837 bodes well for a Whig victory in 1840. • Clay senses sure victory in 1840 but the Whigs stay with military hero Harrison as their candidate and they win the White House – sort of. • December 1839 Bodley letter re: Harrison being selected instead of Clay and Tyler as vp to appeal to the slave states. “Erect your Cabin & Pole” Tippecanoe and Tyler Too Harrison vs. Van Buren • William Henry Harrison wins as a new style of campaigning emerges • Slogans – “Tippecanoe and Tyler Too” vs. “Martin Van Ruin” • The Log Cabin Myth A Fleeting Victory for the Whigs • Slogans, sheet music, parades, myths, and more help Harrison and the Whigs finally gain the White House. • He should have listened to his mother. • John Tyler – “His Accidency” – succeeds Harrison and proves himself more a Democrat than a Whig. The Election of 1844: Clay vs. Polk Third Time a Charm for Harry of the West? Campaigning in High Gear • Clay returns as the Whig standard bearer. Chances of success against the “dark horse” Democrat James K. Polk seem good. • The Texas Question and territorial expansion. • A third party candidate plays a role. Campaign Newspapers & Songs And the Winner is . Polk - Clay goes 0 for 3 The Election of 1848 and a Decade of Discord Who Will the Candidates Be? • Will Clay get one more chance? • Old Rough and Ready vs. Lewis Cass vs. Van Buren • The hero of the Mexican War wins a close election. • Territorial expan- sion and abolitionism increase sectional tensions • Got Milk? • Compromise of 1850 Clay’s Last Hurrah The Forgettable Fifties • Democrat Franklin Pierce elected president in 1852 • Democrat James Buchanan elected in 1856 • The Whig Party dissolves and the Republican Party forms running John Fremont in 1856. The American Party Enjoys Brief Success The Election of 1860 Democrats – North and South • Southern Democrat John C. Breckinridge • States rights and protection of slavery • Northern Democrat Stephen A. Douglas • Popular Sovereignty Republican and Constitutional Union • Abraham Lincoln for the Republicans • Limit expansion of slavery • Maintain the Union • John Bell for the Constitutional Union Party • Adhere to the Constitution • Maintain the Union An Election by Section “The Little Giant” Visits Louisville Election of 1864:To Fight or Not to Fight, That is the Question But That’s Not All . • The Filson’s collection includes many more items documenting the race for the White House • From squeakers to landslides, contending parties have promoted and campaigned for their candidate. • Here is a quick sampling of more campaign memorabilia. A Republican Run The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt • Right place at the right time • Very popular • Progressive Era • Filson connection Taft and Wilson Another Republican Run Another Roosevelt Rises • Depression • World War II • Longest serving President FDR Took All Republican Comers Truman vs. Dewey “We Like Ike” Kennedy vs. Nixon Harry’s Not Wild About Nixon All the Way With LBJ The Return of Nixon The Age of Reagan .
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