Executive Summary

Harlow District Council – England Date April 2010

2010 Air Quality Progress Report for Harlow District Council

In fulfillment of Part IV of the Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management

Date April 2010

Progress Report i Date April 2010 Harlow District Council - England

Local Ron Taylor Authority Officer

Department Environmental Health Services

Address Harlow Council Civic Centre The Water Gardens Harlow CM20 1WG

Telephone 01279 446164 e-mail [email protected]

Report HAR/PR2010 Reference Final Copy 01/Mar31 number Date 31st March 2010

Report written by:

Paul Hinsley Environment, Strategy and Highways Essex County Council County Hall Chelmsford Essex CM1 1QH

On behalf of the :

Essex Air Quality Consortium Monitoring Network.

ii Progress Report Harlow District Council – England Date April 2010

Executive Summary

The monitoring undertaken confirms that the annual mean nitrogen dioxide and PM10 objectives have not been exceeded. There have been no other significant changes to NO2 or PM10 concentrations or emissions elsewhere in the District since the previous round of Review and Assessment. The assessment of likely impacts of local developments for road transport, other transport, industrial processes, commercial/domestic, fugitive emissions, residential and commercial sources indicate that there are no new changes that require the Council to undertake a Detailed Assessment.

Progress Report iii Date April 2010 Harlow District Council - England

Table of contents

1 Introduction 6 1.1 Description of Local Authority Area 6 1.2 Purpose of Progress Report 6 1.3 Air Quality Objectives 6 1.4 Summary of Previous Review and Assessments 8 2 New Monitoring Data 9 2.1 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken 9 2.2 Comparison of Monitoring Results with Air Quality Objectives 14 3 New Local Developments 16 4 Planning Applications 17 5 Local Transport Plans and Strategies 18 6 Conclusions and Proposed Actions 19 6.1 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data 19 6.2 Proposed Actions 19 7 References 20

iv Progress Report Harlow District Council – England Date April 2010 Appendices Appendix 1 QA:QC data Appendix 2 Harlow District Council Monitoring Data 2009 Appendix 3 Harlow District Council Processes 2009

List of Tables Table 1.1 Air Quality Objectives included in Regulations for the purpose of Local Air Quality Management in England.

Table 2.1 Details of Non- Automatic Monitoring Sites

Table 2.2 Results of Nitrogen Dioxide Diffusion Tubes

List of Figures

Figure 2.1a – c Maps of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites

Progress Report v Date April 2010 Harlow District Council - England 1 Introduction 1.1 Description of Local Authority Area

The District of Harlow is located in west of Essex. It is a “new” town and the area forms part of the London commuter belt.

The total area covered by the Council is just over 30km2, with a population of approximately 78,000. The main employment in the area is service related, although there is some industry, mainly located at Templefields to the north and the Pinnacles to the northwest.

The town has two railway stations (on the West Anglia main line) and is near the M11 motorway for access to London and the rest of the country. Harlow also has one of the most extensive cycle track networks in the country, connecting the town centre and industrial areas. The town centre and many of its neighbourhood shopping facilities have, in recent years, undergone major redevelopment, and many of the original town buildings and industrial units have been rebuilt.

There are around 30 minor industrial processes that are regulated by the Council and five larger industrial processes regulated by the Environment Agency in the Council‟s area. Most of which are located in the two main industrial areas in the town, Templefields (to the North), and the Pinnacles (to the Northwest). Traffic emissions are the most significant source of air pollution in Harlow. The main roads in the District are the M11 and the A414.

1.2 Purpose of Progress Report

Progress Reports are required in the intervening years between the three-yearly Updating and Screening Assessment reports. Their purpose is to maintain continuity in the Local Air Quality Management process.

They are not intended to be as detailed as Updating and Screening Assessment Reports, or to require as much effort. However, if the Progress Report identifies the risk of exceedence of an Air Quality Objective, the Local Authority (LA) should undertake a Detailed Assessment immediately, and not wait until the next round of Review and Assessment.

1.3 Air Quality Objectives

The air quality objectives applicable to Local Air Quality Management (LAQM) in England are set out in the Air Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (SI 928), and the Air Quality (England) (Amendment) Regulations 2002 (SI 3043). They are shown in Table 1.1. This table shows the objectives in units of microgrammes per cubic metre g/m3 (for carbon monoxide the units used are milligrammes per cubic metre, mg/m3). Table 1.1. includes the number of permitted exceedences in any given year (where applicable).

6 Progress Report Harlow District Council – England Date April 2010

Table 1.1 Air Quality Objectives included in Regulations for the purpose of Local Air Quality Management in England.

Pollutant Date to be Concentration Measured as achieved by Benzene 16.25 µg/m3 Running annual 31.12.2003 mean 5.00 µg/m3 Running annual 31.12.2010 mean

1,3-Butadiene 2.25 µg/m3 Running annual 31.12.2003 mean Carbon monoxide 10.0 mg/m3 Running 8-hour 31.12.2003 mean Lead 0.5 µg/m3 Annual mean 31.12.2004 0.25 µg/m3 Annual mean 31.12.2008 Nitrogen dioxide 200 µg/m3 not to be 1-hour mean 31.12.2005 exceeded more than 18 times a year 40 µg/m3 Annual mean 31.12.2005

3 Particles (PM10) 50 µg/m , not to be 24-hour mean 31.12.2004 (gravimetric) exceeded more than 35 times a year 40 µg/m3 Annual mean 31.12.2004

Sulphur dioxide 350 µg/m3, not to be 1-hour mean 31.12.2004 exceeded more than 24 times a year 125 µg/m3, not to be 24-hour mean 31.12.2004 exceeded more than 3 times a year 266 µg/m3, not to be 15-minute mean 31.12.2005 exceeded more than 35 times a year

Progress Report 7 Date April 2010 Harlow District Council - England

1.4 Summary of Previous Review and Assessments

The Council undertook previous rounds of Review and Assessment of air quality. The main issue with respect to local air quality was found to be road traffic emissions (NO2) emanating from vehicles, but it was considered that the air quality objectives would be met where there was relevant exposure and that it was not necessary to designate an Air Quality Management Area (AQMA) in the District.

Report type and date Issue Outcome Progress Report 04 Vehicles/ NO2 All objectives achieved Progress Report 05 Vehicles /NO2 All objectives achieved USA 06 Vehicles /NO2 All objectives achieved Progress Report 07 Vehicles /NO2 All objectives achieved Progress Report 08 Vehicles /NO2 All objectives achieved USA 09 Vehicles /NO2 All objectives achieved

8 Progress Report Harlow District Council – England Date April 2010

2 New Monitoring Data 2.1 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken

2.1.1 Automatic Monitoring Sites

Harlow District Council currently has no Automatic Monitoring Site. The Council opened its continuous site in 2001 and closed it in late 2008. The site was classified as a background site and the provisional 2008 results are shown in Table 1 along with all recent years from 2003. Although it should be noted that as reported in the Council‟s previous Updating and Screening assessment for 2006, that there were instrument problems in 2005. These problems continued into 2006 and for both these years there was insufficient data capture to report.

There was almost full data capture in 2007 and the annual mean concentration met the annual mean nitrogen dioxide objective. The annual mean concentration for both 2003 and 2004 was similar, although there was reduced data capture for each of these years.

Table 1 Results of monitoring at the Harlow monitoring site (µg m-3) (2003 – 2008)

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Annual mean 33.9 33.0 N/A N/A 34 29.4 Data capture % 71.8 65.0 99.9 64.2

2.1.2 Non-Automatic Monitoring

Harlow District Council undertook monitoring at 4 NO2 diffusion tubes sites in 2009 their locations are shown at figure 2.2 and details are presented in table 2.2.

Details of Non- Automatic Monitoring Sites

The diffusion tubes are supplied and analysed by Harwell Scientifics

Preparation method : 50% TEA in acetone

United Kingdom Accreditation Services (Testing Laboratory number 1015).

WASP – Annual Performance Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in Local Air Quality Management (LAQM), 2008 onwards, and Summary of Laboratory Performance in Rounds 103-107. Prepared by AEA on behalf of Defra and the Devolved Administrations.

Table 1 Laboratories that have demonstrated satisfactory performance in the WASP scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes, July 2007 – July 2008.

Laboratory Performance on basis of RPI, OLD Performance on basis of RPI, CRITERIA, best 4 out of the 5 rounds NEW CRITERIA ,best 4 out of 103-107 the 5 rounds 103-107 Harwell Scientifics Good Good

Progress Report 9 Date April 2010 Harlow District Council - England

The diffusion tubes and their placement are not part of any co-location study

With regard to the application of a bias adjustment factor for the diffusion tubes, the technical guidance LAQM.TG (09) and Review and Assessment Helpdesk recommends use of a local bias adjustment factor where available and relevant to diffusion tube sites. Harlow District Council does not operate any continuous NO2 monitoring sites in their district and therefore a local bias adjustment factor cannot be calculated. In the absence of a local bias correction factor, the default bias correction factor for Harwell Scientifics analysis using the 50% TEA in acetone method has been used. This factor, calculated as 0.82 for 2009. based on 9 studies has been obtained from the University of the West of England (UWE) website1.

1http://www.uwe.ac.uk/aqm/review/

10 Progress Report Harlow District Council – England Date April 2010

Figure 2.2 a Map of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites

Potter Street

Gardliners

Progress Report 11 Date April 2010 Harlow District Council - England Figure 2.2b Map of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites

East Park

Figure 2.2c Map of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites

Hawkenbury

12 Progress Report Harlow District Council – England Date April 2010

Table 2.1 Details of Non- Automatic Monitoring Sites

Distance to In Relevant kerb of nearest Pollutants Worst-case Site Name Site Type OS Grid Ref AQMA Exposure? road Monitored Location? ? (N/A if not applicable) Hawkenbury Background NO N Y N/A N 543494 208688 2 Potter St NO2 School (AM1) Background N Y N/A N 546997 208657 East Park NO >10 m Kerbside 2 N N Y 546942 211186 Gardiners NO >10 m Kerbside 2 N N Y 546888 209435

Progress Report 13 Date April 2010 Harlow District Council - England

2.2 Comparison of Monitoring Results with Air Quality Objectives

Diffusion Tube Monitoring Data

2.2.1 Nitrogen Dioxide

The NO2 diffusion tube data are summarised in the Table 2.4. The full dataset (monthly mean values) are included in Appendix 2.

Harlow District Council can confirm that the annual mean nitrogen dioxide objectives have not been exceeded.

Table 2.2 Results of Nitrogen Dioxide Diffusion Tubes

Data Annual mean concentrations ( g/m3) Capture for full Site Within Location calendar 2009 (Bias adjustment ID AQMA? 2007 2008 year 0.82) 2009 % Hawkenbury N 100 H5 26.4 27.9 25.2 Potter St School (AM1) N 100 H5 32.6 31.2 30.3 East Park N 91.7 H8 34.5 34.2 32.38 Gardiners N 91.7 H9 34.4 33.5 32.7

14 Progress Report Harlow District Council – England Date April 2010

2.2.2 PM10

There is currently no requirement for Harlow District Council to monitor PM10 levels.

2.2.3 Sulphur Dioxide

There is currently no requirement for Harlow District Council to monitor PM10 levels.

2.2.4 Benzene

There is currently no requirement for Harlow District Council to monitor Bezene levels.

2.2.5 Other pollutants monitored

No other pollutants are currently monitored by Harlow District Council.

2.2.6 Summary of Compliance with AQS Objectives

Harlow District Council has examined the results from monitoring in the district. Concentrations are all below the objectives, therefore there is no need to proceed to a Detailed Assessment.

Progress Report 15 Date April 2010 Harlow District Council - England

3 New Local Developments

Harlow District Council confirms that there are no new or newly identified local developments which may have an impact on air quality within the Local Authority area.

16 Progress Report Harlow District Council – England Date April 2010

4 Planning Applications

Harlow District Council‟s Adopted Replacement Local Plan (2006) contains a statement relating to the environmental protection of the district. In particular, Policy Statement BE 18 states that:

„Planning permission will be granted if a development does not have the potential to contribute to significant levels of air pollution or is not sensitive to the effect of existing sources of air pollution or if adequate provision is made to mitigate against adverse effects on air quality.‟

Progress Report 17 Date April 2010 Harlow District Council - England

5 Local Transport Plans and Strategies

Harlow District is covered by the Essex County Council Local Transport Plan. There are a number of general measures in the Essex LTP which are aimed at reducing the impact of road transport on air quality.

The District Council is working in partnership with Essex County Council Development, Highways and Transportation department to ensure that new traffic management schemes consider the potential impact on air quality. Additional air quality monitoring programmes are being introduced as part of the monitoring requirements of the LTP.

18 Progress Report Harlow District Council – England Date April 2010

6 Conclusions and Proposed Actions

6.1 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data

With respect to the hourly NO2 objective, There are no diffusion tube sites with NO2 concentrations in excess of 60 g/m3 in Harlow and therefore it is unlikely that there will be any exceedences of the hourly NO2 objective.

6.2 Proposed Actions

Proposed actions arising from the 2010 Progress Report are as follows: Continue diffusion tube monitoring in order to identify future changes in pollutant concentrations in Harlow. Complete an Annual Progress Report in 2011 to assess all new air quality monitoring data, new developments and new industrial processes in Harlow.

Progress Report 19 Date April 2010 Harlow District Council - England 7 References

Defra, 2009a. Local Air Quality Management, Technical guidance LAQM.TG09. Defra, London.

Defra, 2009b. WASP – Annual Performance Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in Local Air Quality Management (LAQM), 2008 onwards and Summary of Laboratory Performance in Rounds 103 - 107. AEA October 2009.

Harlow District Council (2003). Local Air Quality Management – Updating and Screening Assessment 2003

Harlow District Council (2006). Local Air Quality Management – Updating and Screening Assessment 2006

Harlow District Council (2008) Local Air Quality Management – Progress Report 2008.

Harlow District Council (2009) Local Air Quality Management – Updating and Screening Assessment 2009

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Appendices Appendix 1: QA/QC Data

Diffusion Tube Bias Adjustment Factors

Bias adjustment factor is taken from the R&A support web page dated 15 March 2010. http://www.uwe.ac.uk/aqm/review/R&Asupport/diffusiontube250210.xls

The adjustment factor calculated from 9 studies is 0.82

QA/QC of diffusion tube monitoring

Details of Non- Automatic Monitoring Sites

The diffusion tubes are supplied and analysed by Harwell Scientifics

Preparation method : 50% TEA in acetone

United Kingdom Accreditation Services (Testing Laboratory number 1015).

Table 1 Laboratories that have demonstrated satisfactory performance in the WASP scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes, July 2007 – July 2008.

Laboratory Performance on basis of RPI, OLD Performance on basis of RPI, CRITERIA, best 4 out of the 5 rounds NEW CRITERIA ,best 4 out of 103-107 the 5 rounds 103-107 Harwell Scientifics Good Good

Progress Report 21 Date April 2010 Harlow District Council - England

Appendix 2: Harlow District Council Diffusion tube Monitoring Data

Jan- Feb- Mar- Apr- May- Jun- Aug- Sep- Nov- Dec- Location 09 09 09 09 09 09 Jul-09 09 09 Oct-09 09 09 Average 0.82 Harlow 48.6 41.4 31.7 28.9 19.1 17.7 17.5 22 26 42.1 31.4 42.3 30.73 25.19 Potter St 56.5 27.9 40.6 35.7 28.4 25 31.2 29.9 32.7 49.4 38.6 48.3 37.02 30.35 East Park 59.3 56.5 40.3 37.5 26.8 23.4 30.3 32.7 30.9 Contaminated 46.8 48.5 39.36 32.28 Gardiners 62.3 54.5 46.1 34.5 23.9 23.3 31 30.4 33.1 Contaminated 46.9 52.9 39.90 32.72

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Appendix 2: Harlow District Council Processes 2009

List of permitted petrol stations in the Council’s area

Name Address BP/Safeway Service Station Southern Way, Harlow, Essex Harlow Service Station (Elf) Elizabeth Way, Harlow, Essex. Sainsbury's Supermarkets Ltd Fifth Avenue, Harlow, Essex. Tesco Stores Ltd (C/Langley) Church Langley Way, Harlow, Essex. Tesco Stores Ltd (East Road) East Road, Harlow, Essex. Total Convenience Store (Harlow) Edinburgh Way, Harlow, Essex. Total Convenience Store (Linkway) Linkway, Harlow, Essex. Harlow Service Station (ROC) UK Ltd Tillwicks Road, Bush Fair, Harlow, Essex.

List of permitted dry cleaners in the Council’s area

Name Address Theydon Launderette 115 The Stow, Harlow CM20 3AS Old Harlow Launderette & Dry Cleaners 7 Garden Terrace Road, Harlow CM17 0AT Harlow Dry Cleaners 14 The Stow, Harlow CM20 3AH Harlow Dry Cleaners 3 Bush House, Harlow CM18 6NS Touch of Class 3 Colt Hatch, Harlow CM20 1SX Clean & Sew Unit 1,Tesco Superstore, Church Langley Way, Harlow CM17 9TE

List of Part A processes in the Council’s area with releases to air

Authorisation Operator Name No. Site address Process type Synthomer ltd aj4936 Central road, Templefields industrial organic chemicals estate, Harlow, Essex Synthomer ltd zp3532sw central road, Templefields industrial organic chemicals estate, Harlow, Essex Robert Stuart plc bp4356in 10-11 Edinburgh way, Harlow, Essex surface treating metal, plastic Fusion Automation bl7701is barrows road, the pinnacles, Harlow, non-ferrous metals Incorporated Essex Merck sharp and Dohme ltd kp3630bg the neuroscience research centre, waste incineration Terlings park, Harlow, Essex GlaxoSmithKline research and kp3430bl new frontiers science park, third avenue, waste incineration development ltd Harlow, Essex

Progress Report 23 Date April 2010 Harlow District Council - England

Part B processes in the Council’s area

Name Address Type Part A/B Relevant PG Note O-I Manufacturing UK Edinburgh Way, Harlow, Glass container A2 3/3 Essex. CM20 2DB mfr Parndon Wood Crematorium Parndon Wood Road, Crematorium B 5/2 Harlow, Essex. Harlow Premix South East Riverway, Harlow, Essex. Concrete B 3/1 (Harlow) CM20 2DP. batching Cemex Ready Mix East Temple Bank, Harlow, Concrete B 3/1 Anglia Essex. CM20 2TT. batching Bardon Concrete Harlow Mill Depot, Station Concrete B 3/1 Approach, Harlow, Essex. batching CM20 2EL. CPI Mortars Ltd. 29 Mead Industrial Park, Mortar batching B 3/1 & 6/15 Riverway, Harlow, Essex. CM20 2SE. Ronacrete Limited Ronac House, Flex Meadow, Bagging of B 3/1 Harlow, Essex CM19 5TD mortar RB Whitbread Ltd. Roydon Lea Farm, Harlow Mobile concrete B 3/16 Road, Roydon, Essex. CM19 crusher 5DU. Harlow Asphalt Ltd. Harlow Depot, Station Roadstone B 6/15 Approach, Harlow, Essex coating. CM20 2EL. Aggregates Industries Ltd. Harlow Mill Depot, Station Roadstone B 6/15 Approach, Harlow, Essex. coating. CM20 2EL. Harlow Truck Centre Brook House, Riverway, Waste oil B 1/1 Harlow, Essex. CM20 2DW. burner<0.4MW BM Spares 16-17 Horse Croft Place, Waste oil B 1/1 The Pinnacles, Harlow burner<0.4MW Essex

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