28596 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 13, 1989 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS NICARAGUA: THE HUMAN of the contra combatants and their families Order Law significantly curtailed rights of RIGHTS RECORD 1986-89, to Nicaragua, or their relocation to third defence Amnesty International simultaneously with tained to permit the full incorporation of this document). In addition, although most HON. ROBERT J. LAGOMARSINO repatriated people into civilian life", and its of those charged and sentenced under the OF CALIFORNIA brief includes the setting up of offices to Public Order Law were accused of collabo­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES verify that the Nicaraguan Government rating with or supporting armed opposition complies with the guarantees offered under Monday, November 13, 1989 groups . a large number of these the agreement. The Tela agreement envis­ prisoners are peasant farmers living in war Mr. LAGOMARSINO. Mr. Speaker, as I re­ ages that the demobilization process should zones who appear to have done little more ported during my 1 minute speech .today, I am be completed within 90 days of the forma­ than provide food or shelter to passing inserting into the RECORD a summary of the tion of the CIAV. The CIA V would also play contra patrols, and have denied in court an important role in promoting the plan most recent report issued by Amnesty Interna­ having any active involvement with them. through direct contacts with the Nicara­ Amnesty International was also concerned tional about human rights abuses in Nicaragua guan Resistance Costa Rica, El Salvador, Public Order Law Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua, fol­ amend the Law on the Jurisdictional Func­ and petty criminal offences. Although de­ lowing their signature on 7 August 1987 of tions of the Sandinista Police, rescinding fendants may consult a lawyer, lawyers are the Esquipulas Dos Agreement, also known those sections which assign judicial func­ not permitted to "obstruct the investiga­ as the Central American Peace Agreement. tions to police officials.' tions" and, in practice, legal defence is non­ The impact on human rights of these diplo­ 2. REPEAL OF THE PUBLIC ORDER LAW existent. There is no judicial hearing or matic efforts to negotiate a solution to the Amnesty International was informed by right of judicial review. In previous years, armed conflict in Nicaragua is assessed in the government during the first week of summary imprisonment by police magis­ Amnesty International's report "Nicaragua: September that President Ortega had pre­ trates was repeatedly used to curb opposi­ The Human rights Record 1986-1989." sented a bill to the National Assembly to tion protest activity; in 1988 more than 20 On 7 August 1989 the five signatories of repeal the Public Order Law , which are based in Hon­ bly. court system failed to satisfy ~riteria for a duras. The agreement provides for the cre­ Amnesty International welcomes this fair and impartial trial, and in its recom­ ation within 30 days of an International measure, as repeal would remove from the mendations urged that the government Commission of Support and Verification statute book the special penal provisions ensure that all prisoners were tried, with ap­ C"ComisiOn Internacional de Apoly y Verifi­ under which the great majority of political propriate safeguards, by a properly consti­ caciOn"), CIAV, under the joint auspices of prisoners were charged and sentenced under tuted, independent judicial body. the United Nations and the Organiza­ the state of emergency, and which remained The current time periods permitted for tion of American States . The CIAV is in force after the state of emergency was police investigation before detainees are given wide powers of supervision over the lifted in January 1988. Amnesty Interna­ brought before a judge are also laid down in dismantling of the contra bases in Hondu­ tional was concerned that the summary pro­ the Law of Jurisdictional Functions of the ras, and over procedures for the repatriation cedures followed in trials under the Public Sandinista Police. As the law stands, al-

e This "bullet" symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by a Member of the Senate on the floor. Matter set in this typeface indicates words inserted or appended, rather than spoken, by a Member of the House on the floor. November 13, 1989 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28597 though the Nicaraguan Constitution states to a lawyer. Although Amnesty Internation­ 5. KILLINGS AND "DISAPPEARANCES" IN WAR that detainees must be brought before a al has not established that any of the pris­ ZONES "competent authority" within 72 hours, the oners currently held are prisoners of con­ At the end of August the Nicaraguan Gov­ police are currently allowed to detain sus­ science, it has investigated several cases in ernment made available to Amnesty Inter­ pects for 24 hours, after which they must which there appeared to be little evidence release them, unless a formal investigation national the text of an official commentary that those accused had been actively in­ on reports issued in 1988 and 1989 by Ameri­ is ordered by a police magistrate. If an in­ volved with the opposition forces. In its vestigation is ordered, the police have a fur­ cas Watch, a non-governmental human report "Nicaragua: the Human Rights rights organization, on alleged summary ther six days to investigate before, alterna­ Record 1986-1989" Amnesty International tively, passing sentence, releasing the sus­ executions in Nicaragua's war zones. In a urges the government to give all Public newsletter published in April 1989, Americas pect, or referring the case to the public Order Law prisoners the opportunity of a prosecutor. Under the Penal Procedure Watch referred to "detailed evidence sug­ review hearing by an independent judicial gesting a pattern of summary executions Reform Law of 13 April 1988, the Public body, and to release all those who have nei­ Prosecutor has a further three days to committed by government forces against ther used nor advocated violence. suspected contra collaborators. . . . recent decide whether to bring charges before a News of the planned releases led to the re­ court. Under the law as it stands, therefore, emergence of a long standing public dis­ investigation by Americas Watch ha.S found detainees may be held for up to 10 days agreement between the government and op­ such executions to have continued". before being brought before a court of law. position groups over the numbers of politi­ The government's reply to Americas In its report "Nicaragua: the Human Rights cal prisoners still in detention. The Perma­ Watch closely reflects the oral comments Record 1986-1989" Amnesty International nent Commission of Human Rights made to Amnesty International by govern­ has urged the government to ensure that all CCPDHl, the non-governmental human ment representatives and human rights offi­ detainees are brought before a judicial au­ rights commission, maintained that the gov­ cials during its March 1989 mission, when thority independent of the executive branch ernment was in fact holding approximately Amnesty International expressed concern within 72 hours of their arrest, and that 6,000 contra prisoners. In a news conference about reports of killings in war zones. The they should enjoy the right to appoint and on 22 August, Tomas Borge, the Minister of following is the text of part of the govern­ consult a lawyer in private as soon as possi­ the Interior, categorically denied this alle­ ment statement: ble after their arrest. gation, stating that there were 1,400 contra "The government of Nicaragua does not 4. PRISONER RELEASES prisoners sentenced or awaiting trial in the deny that isolated violations of human On 15 August 1989, during an outdoor prison system, and 15 currently held in Gen­ rights have occurred, but this is neither an rally in Pantasma, Junotega, President eral Directorate of State Security CDGSEl explicit nor a tacit policy of the govern­ Ortega announced that approximately 1,200 detention centres. The Minister invited ment, which does not promote nor tolerate peasants, imprisoned for being "directly or international human rights organizations, such violations. On the contrary, every alle­ indirectly linked with counter-revolutionary including Amnesty International and Ameri­ gation of a violation must be made known to activities" and tried under the Public Secu­ cas Watch, to visit all the country's prisons, and investigated by the relevant institutions rity Law, would be released on 3 September including DOSE detention centres, to verify in order to clarify the events and bring to upon the submission of a list of such prison­ these figures. justice those responsible. If the allegation is ers by the Union Nacional de Agricultors y In replying to this invitation, which was proved, a series of formal and informal Ganaderos , the National Union of extended officially to Amnesty Internation­ channels exist in the country for registering Farmers and Cattlemen. al on 24 August, the organization again wel­ complaints . . . these include the army's Twenty-nine prisoners, reported to be comed the Nicaraguan Government's open­ own complaints offices, and those of the serving up to three-year sentences, were re­ ness to international human rights organi­ Ministry of the Interior, the Presidency, the leased at the Pantasma rally; a further 179 zations, but declined the invitation in view offices of the Regional Delegates of the gov­ prisoners were reported released on 24 of its customary policy not to undertake sys­ ernment and of the Military Auditor. All of August. By the end of September, although tematic prison inspections or censuses of these offices are open to the public to no news had been received of the block re­ prisoners. It urged the Nicaraguan Govern­ present denunciations and to carry out the lease announced by President Ortega, Am­ ment, however, to provide full and regular investigations merited in the case so that nesty International had received reports of access to all detention facilities in the coun­ those responsible, if there are any, may be the release of 239 prisoners since the sign­ try to the International Committee of the punished. There is also the National Com­ ing of the Tela agreement. It was informed Red Cross contras, and 38 ex-mem­ few countries in the whole continent which ment-sponsored human rights commission, bers of the Somoza National Guard. The has a certain number of members of its for the release of the 14 remaining women largest number were held in the Carcel armed forces serving prison sentences for in­ prisoners detained under the Public Securi­ Modelo, Tipitapa <800), and Juigalpa prison fringing the law". ty Law. In addition the political parties had (279). On the basis of information presently been asked to submit lists of their members Amnesty International has seen no evi­ available, it is possible to give the following or sympathizers in prison so that their early dence on which to assert that there are a break-down of government responses to release might be considered. significantly higher number of political pris­ cases presented by Amnesty International Amnesty International is concerned that oners being held than the number acknowl­ to the Nicaraguan Government in its com­ the structure and procedures of the special edged by the government. These numbers munications of June and November 1987, tribunals known as Popular Anti-Somozist are in approximate accordance with the July 1988 and March 1989. These involve a Tribunals CTPAsl, which tried the majority numbers in the prison system given to Am­ total of 56 alleged victims of out-of-combat of Public Order Law prisoners, were incon­ nesty International by the government on killings and "disappearance". Information sistent with international standards of fair­ earlier occasions, and earlier figures attrib­ has been received on trials and convictions ness and impartiality. Although the courts uted by the government to the ICRC which in three cases of unlawful killing, which in­ were abolished in January 1988, when the the government has made public. Although volved 10 out of the 56 victims. After being government lifted the state of emergency, no organization has enjoyed regular access tried by military courts, a total of 17 mili­ the ordinary courts which assumed jurisdic­ to government detention centres, there has tary and police personnel were sentenced to tion in Public Order Law cases coninued to been no evidence that thousands of prison­ prison terms ranging from six years to the follow the special summary procedures ers are currently being held in unacknow­ maximum 30-year term on charges of homi­ which regulated TPA trials. Amnesty Inter­ ledged detention in such detention centres cide or "atrocious murder" ISRAEL INSISTS ON ITS STRATEGY-PEACE evidence on which the military investigators dents of war zones. Human rights violations Is MORE ATTRACTIVE TO PALESTINIANS based their findings, and the frequently are often attributed to certain local com­ INSIDE THE TERRITORIES THAN TO THE PLO long intervals before inquiries were initiat­ manders and officials who apparently enjoy IN TUNIS ed, makes it difficult to assess these investi­ considerable operational autonomy; this sit­ gations. However, in one case, that of Neme­ uation may have led to the commission of was said to have been resolved with be carried out when the cause or circum­ work out some interim peace ("autonomy") the reported reappearance of the person af­ stances of death remains in doubt. that would end the Israeli military occupa­ fected; in one case involving the reported tion. After three years of living together killing in January 1988 of two brothers, Sil­ this way, after having had time to reasses5 vino de Jesus Escobar L6pez and Lorenzo THE ISRAELI STRATEGY FOR each other's worst assumptions about the Escobar L6pez, the alleged victims were said PEACE other's ultimate intentions, then and only to be alive by relatives who testified to the then do negotiations start on a final peace, court. Amnesty International continues to HON. TOM LANTOS because only then can they have any chance investigate this case, which it presented to of success. the government on the basis of an oral testi­ OF CALIFORNIA Elections, negotiation, interim solution, mony from the mother of the victims. One IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES final status. Everybody but the PLO has ac­ of the relatives said to have been inter­ Monday, November 13, 1989 cepted this idea in principle. Nevertheless, viewed by the military investigator was de­ an Egyptian 10-point plan pointedly puts scribed as the "mother" of the victims, but Mr. LANTOS. Mr. Speaker, in the realm of the ultimate "final status" issue-Israel's had a quite different name. As of September the diplomatic machinations that make up the giving up the West Bank-on the table 1989, Amnesty International is still awaiting Middle East peace process, it is imperative before the first words are exchanged or the the results of investigations into 12 alleged that our well-intentioned impatience for tangi­ first ballot cast. killings in 1987 . and ble progress not blind us to the complexities Shamir's "wrangling" is about demands three in 1988, which the government has in­ of the situation. for an ironclad American guarantee that the initial talks will be about elections and formed it are still in progress. It has re­ We are a nation geared toward "quick fix" ceived no conclusive information on the re­ not a Pandora's box of unresolvable "final sults of investigations into the five cases of solutions, but unfortunately there are no quick status" questions. Israel does not want to people who "disappeared" in 1987 and 1988 and easy answers to the current difficulties in start talks that are destined from day one to which Amnesty International submitted to the Middle East. Each step may be painstak­ fail and for which failure it is sure to be the government in March 1989 and docu­ ingly slow, each movement necessarily cau­ blamed. mented in "Nicaragua: the Human Rights tious. The peace process, however, is far from Point 2. The question of Palestinian repre­ Record: 1986-1989." stymied. sentation. Israel's other wrangle is to insist Amnesty International has continued to An Israeli initiative, backed by the United that the Palestinian negotiators who will ar­ range th~ elections be insiders and not outsiders . But there some of those responsible for these abuses blame at Israel's doorstep. In actuality, Israel is a natural divergence of interests between have been tried and sentenced to prison, but is only asking for ·the same guarantees that insiders and outsiders in the Palestinian in past cases, by no means all have been our Nation would insist upon were we facing movement, just as there was a natural diver­ investigated to date. similar circumstances. And when all things are gence between insiders and outsiders in the Amnesty International acknowledges and considered, these guarantees may pave the Algerian war and between insiders in South Viet­ nam. and the relevant government offices during tions, should there be a willing and able Arab the current year to undertake serious inves­ On every major issue, the insiders' diver­ tigations in the light of the concerns ex­ partner. gent interest is more favorable to peace: pressed by Amnesty International, Americas Mr. Speaker, I would like to place in the Occupation. It is the insiders, not the out­ Watch and other organizations. It recog­ RECORD an excellent article by syndicated col­ siders, who suffer daily the dislocations and nizes that there may be considerable logisti- umnist Charles Krauthammer, which appeared casualties of the intifada. Their objective is Novem'ber 13, 1989 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28599 thus to end the Israeli occupation quickly. That is why we were all pleased to discover As always, we appreciate your consider­ For the outsiders, the intifada is a political that the American Legion, perhaps the leading ation of our views and urge your support. boon. It puts them on the map. It revives an veterans organization in America, shares our Sincerely, issue that had been dead for years. They are MILES S. EPLING, in no hurry. They can hold out to the last interest in H.J. Res. 350. National Commander. West Banker for their maximal demands. With more than 4 million members, the Elections. The first freely elected Pales­ American Legion certainly speaks with a tinian leadership ever, though nominally louder and more representative voice than the THE CASE FOR EMPLOYER pledged to Yasir Arafat, will enjoy a status SANCTIONS REPEAL and legitimacy that will rival that of the so-called veterans who burned American flags aging rejectionists in Tunis. Precisely for in Seattle and the four radicals arrested this that reason the PLO is not happy about wee~ for the same offense on the steps of the HON. MAJOR R. OWENS elections. It will give West Bankers a poten­ Supreme Court. OF NEW YORK tially rivalrous, potentially more moderate The American Legion remains convinced, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES political voice. as do many Members of the House and Final status. It is conceivable that West Monday, November 13, 1989 Bankers would trade an end to occupation Senate, that a mere statute cannot protect the for a Palestinian entity that truly renounces American flag from desecration. People like Mr. OWENS of New York. Mr. Speaker, 3 all designs on Israel proper. The outsiders Gregory Johnson, villain of the Texas flag­ years ago when the Immigration Reform and will not. The vast majority of them come burning case, decided last summer by the Su­ Control Act of 1986 was passed by the Con­ not from the West Bank but from Israel preme Court, were itching to test the statute, gress, I was one of many lawmakers and proper. Their interest, their program, is to others who opposed its employer sanctions use the West Bank as a staging point for re­ and they wasted no time. They understand turning to-retaking-what is now Israel. clearly what too many Members of this House provisions, under which employers face legal In sum, the insiders have a more urgent are determined to ignore, that a Federal stat­ penalties for knowingly hiring undocumented need for the peace now and a more moder­ ute so similar to the Texas statute is sure to immigrants. We believed that most employers ate objective for the final peace to come. suffer the same fate in the courts. And those would take the line of the least resistance and That is what prompted Israel to propose, simply refuse to hire individuals who "looked and the United States to back, West Bank who hate this country, like Gregory Johnson, will be free to shove their contempt in the foreign", had "foreign" accents, or "foreign­ elections. The whole point of the election sounding" last names. Now, 3 years after the idea is to get the peace process moving by faces of all patriotric Americans. measure's enactment, there is data that con­ exploiting the natural divergence of inter­ Mr. Speaker, please listen to the American firms those misgivings. Hundreds of people, ests between insiders and outsiders and Legion. These are the Americans who fought particularly in New York City with its large shifting the center of political gravity from for the freedoms listed in the Bill of Rights. As the latter to the former. populations of Puerto Ricans-who are, after Talks with outsiders-representatives of National Commander Miles S. Epling indicated all, United States citizens-have been refused the PLO in Tunis-are guaranteed to fail. in his letter to you, which all Members also re­ work by timid employers who will not take the But don't you have to negotiate peace with ceived, these same Americans are not about time to ascertain if these individuals are citi­ your enemies? The answer to that fatuity is: to ride roughshod over those constitutional zens or not. There are enemies and there are enemies. freedoms. I am pleased to place this letter in You negotiate with enemies whose objective On October 30, I cochaired a hearing in is somehow to settle with you. With those the RECORD, and I await your announcement New York City of the House Subcommittee on who want only to expunge you, there is on the date for a vote on H.J. Res. 350. Employment Opportunities concerning inci­ . nothing to negotiate. THE AMERICAN LEGION, dents of discrimination and civil rights viola­ Another fatuous argument is that one side Washington, DC, October 20, 1989. tions stemming from misapplication of the em­ does not have a right to interfere in choos­ Hon. THOMAS s. FOLEY' ployer sanctions provision of the Immigration ing negotiators for the other side. Nonsense. Speaker, U.S. House of Representatives, Reform and Control Act. It was the first hear­ Vietnamese, Cambodians, Angolans, Af­ Washington, DC. ing of its kind. An essential element of the ghans, Nicaraguans routinely make de­ DEAR MR. SPEAKER: On behalf of the 4.1 mands regarding which of their enemies million members of The American Legion, compromise that led to the enactment of the they will or will not sit down with. So did the American Legion Auxiliary and the immigration law was that the implementation Churchill and Roosevelt. Because everybody Sons of The American Legion, I urge you to of employer sanctions would be closely moni­ understands that who you negotiate with keep your promise and allow a vote on H.J. tored and that they would be repealed if there determines whose legitimacy you recognize, Res. 350. Although we were disappointed was evidence that they were causing discrimi­ whose agenda you are prepared to discuss and saddened as the Senate turned a deaf nation. Judging from the overwhelming evi­ and ultimately which outcome will prevail. ear to the American people when it voted dence presented in the testimony of the hear­ Israel does not want to negotiate with against a constitutional amendment to pro­ ing's witnesses, the repeal of employer sanc­ PLO outsiders because it understands that tect the American flag, we hope you will tions is very much in order. such negotiations can only be about a single honor your previous assurance that the issue: a PLO state. For most Israelis, that is One of those testifying, Aixa Torres, pro­ a prescription for national suicide. They are House will act to vote on a constitutional gram director of the National Association for not interested into entering a negotiation amendment. Puerto Rican Civil Rights, said that Puerto whose purpose is to work out the finer mo­ An amendment, through the ratification Ricans have been hard hit by the employer dalities of their demise. process, will allow "We, the people" to voice our belief that the flag ought to be protect­ sanctions provision, due to a reluctance on That may look like procedure in Washing­ the part of employers to hire individuals with ton. In Jersualem, it is life and death. ed from those who would burn it as a means of getting attention for what they want to accents and Spanish surnames. · say. We have petitions from every district Ms. Torres said younger people have an es­ AMERICAN LEGION DEMANDS represented in the House of Representatives pecially difficult time getting the necessary CONSTITUTIONAL AMEND- urging Congress to pass a constitutional documentation because they do not have driv­ MENT TO PROTECT FLAG amendment to protect the flag. The names ers licenses and a birth certificate is not suffi­ on these petitions are not only veterans, but cient. She said that the bill has created un­ HON. GERALD B.H. SOLOMON citizens from every walk of life. documented citizens, and what's worse is that As wartime veterans, we would be the last banks and other institutions not affected by OF NEW YORK organization to try to suppress any rights IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the law are now requiring the same documen­ guaranteed by the Constitution, especially tation. The Puerto Rican Commonwealth is Monday, November 13, 1989 the First Amendment. Those a're the rights we fought to defend and many of our com­ even issuing cards for American citizens born Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Speaker, every Member rades died to preserve. We are not asking to on the island that carry a fingerprint, an Or­ of this House knows you to be a man of your take away any of these fundmental rights, wellian "Big Brother" device that is one of the word. We all know you will live up to your but rather add just one more, the protection more odious by-products of the employer promise to allow a vote on H.J. Res. 350, a of our flag from physical desecration. We sanctions provision. constitutional amendment to protect the believe that a constitutional amendment is There have been two reports issued in the American flag. the only sure way to do that. last 3 years which indicate a rise in hiring dis- 28600 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 13, 1989 crimination against working people who citizenship, without penalizing immigrants and Congress, acting amidst hysteria over incon­ appear "foreign" following the passage of the others who have a right to empl~yment. clusive asbestos studies, passed a law order­ Immigration Reform and Control Act. A report ing the removal of asbestos from all public by the New York State Inter-Agency Task A SALUTE TO THE BALTIMORE buildings. Schools and local governments­ Force on Immigration Affairs released last No­ JEWISH COUNCIL many of them with bare-boned budgets that vember concluded that a large percentage of have them scraping for dollars just to buy the the employers surveyed knew they could be next adding machine-are forced to come up fined but did not know what they should be HON. HELEN DELICH BENTLEY with elaborate asbestos-removal plans. Yet doing to avoid the fines-a · problem that OF MARYLAND conclusive tests now show that it's actually could, and has, led to wrongful denial of em­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES more dangerous to remove the stuff than to ployment. Monday, November 13, 1989 monkey with it. The report found that a vast majority of em­ Mrs. BENTLEY. Mr. Speaker, it is my great Congress passed an iron-fisted law to halt ployers will not hire until they receive the ap­ honor and privilege to salute the Baltimore the supposedly impending environmental dan­ propriate documents, which results in appli­ Jewish Council on the occasion of the 50th gers of leaking underground fuel storage cants either not being considered: Being anniversary of its foundation. tanks. denied employment for some waiting period, Over the years the Council has been a pow­ Thanks to this law, thousands of gas sta­ then hired; or being denied employment after erful and visible force in Baltimore, its mem­ tions will .soon be forced to close their doors. some period of waiting. Large numbers of bership consisting of some of the city's most What's more, the demise of these stations is people have been denied work because they important religious and social organizations. very likely to force rural Americans to install cannot get the appropriate documents quickly Groups like Har Sinai Congregation, the their own storage tanks, creating an even enough, according to the report; and a large Jewish Labor Committee, and Jewish War greater threat to the environment than if we'd number of people are subjected to selectively Veterans-just to name a few-decided long passed a law that considered the realities of stringent screening practices. ago to come together and create a forum re­ rural America. The preliminary findings of a General Ac­ sponsive to issues affecting the entire Jewish Congress passed a law calling for stringent counting Office review also issued last No­ community. toxicity tests of sewage sludge and severely vember-the second of three annual reports Mr. Speaker, the Baltimore Jewish Council restricting application of sludge on fields after mandated by the Congress on the effects of is a wonderful example of a large and often the EPA had spent years trying to encourage the immigration law-found that of the 3.3 mil­ diverse ethnic group coming together and this method of waste recycling. lion employers surveyed who were aware of working as one. In fact I had the chance to Again, rural America suffers, and so does the law-22 percent were not aware it had visit with its members recently when I attend­ the environment. Thousands of septage passed-about 527,000, or 16 percent, had ed its 50th anniversary celebration at the Bal­ cleaning businesses will be eaten alive by begun or increased employment practices not timore Grand. Teddy Kollek, Mayor of Jerusa­ these expensive test rules. And rural sewage permitted under the law, such as adopting a lem, was the keynote speaker, and his words treatment operations are pushed closer to policy of hiring only U.S. citizens. The 16 per­ were indeed wise and inspiring. shutting down. cent who admit to discrimination indicates a I urge you, Mr. Speaker, and all of my col­ If that happens, has Congress really helped much wider pattern by those unwilling to admit leagues in joining me in congratulating the the environment? to such discriminatory practices. Baltimore Jewish Council during this happy Let's not travel down the same road when it The employer sanctions provision has anniversary. May it thrive for another 50 years. comes to passing clean-air law. The last time opened the way to numerous kinds of immi­ Congress tried doing something about clean grant worker exploitation. For instance, an UNREALISTIC CLEAN AIR air was in 1977-with a law that required employer who finds someone who is undocu­ LEGISLATION scrubbers on utility smokestacks. The result: mented can pay this worker $1 an hour in­ budding clean coal technoJogies that would stead of $3 an hour or more, and not turn the HON. RON MARLENEE have done a much better job of cleaning up worker in. People are being forced into sweat­ the air were shelved in the rush to acquire the shops rather than being forced to return to OF MONTANA required scrubbers. their countries of origin, as the law intended. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES In addition, Congress must stop confusing As of last month, 707 employment discrimi­ Monday, November 13, 1989 Los Angeles with cities like Billings, MT. The nation complaints had been received around Mr. MARLENEE. Mr. Speaker, I rise today intensity of response that's needed in Los An­ the country by the Office of Special Counsel to fire some warning shots as Congress delib­ geles, isn't the same for Billings, MT, or, for in the U.S. Justice Department, which probes erates over various provisions of proposed that matter, any other city in Montana. employment discrimination charges under the clean air legislation. Finally, where is the sense in penalizing Immigration Reform and Control Act. Of the We all want clean air. Does anybody like coal-fired plants for having already achieved total, 253 were in California and 62 in New dirty air? But I smell something in the air. It's significant emissions improvements? That's York, according to special counsel Andrew the odeous smell of half-baked, over-zealous what will happen if we don't make major Strojny, as quoted in the October 30 edition of regulation-of inflexible, unrealistic environ­ changes in the clean air bills now before Con­ New York Newsday. Settlements have thus mental law. gress. Montana's clean-air plants have sterling far resulted in job reinstatement, job offers, And in the euphoria of some Members of records on the clean air front, but some of the and more than $180,000 in back pay for in­ Congress to respond to the President's bugle legislation under consideration essentially jured parties, according to Strojny. call for clean air legislation, let's look at Con­ says, "You jumped the gun. You should have The employer sanctions provision hurts gress' track record when it comes to environ­ waited until Congress passed a new clean air those who are legally permitted to work, even mental law. If we don't, as the old tried-but­ law before trying to reduce your emissions. temporary residents who obtained work au­ true axiom puts it, "we're condemned to Since you didn't wait, we'll raise your costs." thorization under the act, who have nonethe­ repeat it." But who really pays? less been denied employment. Here's a few of the blunders Congress has Consumers, of course. American consumers The employer sanctions provision has made in the past when it comes to environ­ are already spending $33 billion a year on abridged some basic freedoms available to all mental law, and I urge my colleagues to take clean air. And the air is getting purer. The working people in the United States, whether a good, hard look: number of cars on the road since the Clean they are people of color born in the U.S., nat­ Congress passed a law calling for stringent Air Act was passed in 1970 has increased by uralized citizens, or temporary residents. It is controls on landfills and now we've got rural 55 percent and utility and industrial output has simply not working, and must be repealed im­ communities on the brink of closing their land­ also substantially increased. However, as mediately. A more humane way must be found fills because they can't afford to comply. Can President Bush himself noted, "lead concen­ to regulate the influx of undocumented immi­ we really expect residents of these communi­ trations in the air we breathe are down 98 grants and protect the jobs of U.S. citizens, ties to drive hundreds of miles to dispose of percent, sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide naturalized citizens, and ·those applying for their trash? have been cut by over a third, particulate November 13, 1989 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28601 matter cut by 21 percent. Even ozone-causing To the extent that there is-or can be­ Chamorro, the Nicaraguan opposition parties' emissions have been cut by 17 percent." any truth in this sort of newspeak masquer­ candidate for president. Mrs. Chamorro raises In summary, efforts to produce this legisla­ ading a.s an indictment, it is that the Albani­ a key failing of U.S. foreign policy in Central tion must not-cannot-be made at the ex­ ans may well have been involved in the nu­ merous demonstrations and strikes over the America and offers constructive suggestions pense of fairness, common sense and eco­ pa.st couple of years in Kosovo. These were on how we can advance the cause of democ­ nomic realities. If we don't-if Congress organized to protest Serbia's moves to reas­ racy in Nicaragua in the months to come. chooses to rush wildly down the same old sert its control over the Kosovo Autono­ For nearly a decade, United States foreign track-then the ghosts of history will again mous Region, whose population is at lea.st policy in Nicaragua saw only the right and the return to haunt us. 85 percent Albanian. When some of the re­ left, the Contras and the Sandinistas; a view gion's powers were ceded to Serbia la.st spring, police clashed with demonstrators which only encouraged the polarization of Nic­ WALL STREET JOURNAL CRITI­ and 25 perished. The trial has led to a fresh araguan society. Unfortunately, this narrow CIZES YUGOSLAV GOVERN­ wave of demonstrations and at lea.st three perception of Nicaraguan politics served only MENT FOR HUMAN RIGHTS have died in recent days. to detract from the legitimate, nonviolent ABUSES AGAINST ALBANIANS The case, in Titova Mitrovica, is not the democratic opposition, much of which had only trial in Yugoslavia with evidently polit­ participated in the revolution of 1979. Aiding ical motives. In Subotica, in the Vojvodina the Contras, at the expense of the Nicaraguan autonomous Region, Karoly Vice!, an ethnic HON. TOM LANTOS center, also discredited our policy in the eyes OF CALIFORNIA Hungarian, is being tried a second time for allegedly spreading "hostile propaganda" in of our hemispheric neighbors and the interna­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES complaining about discrimination at the tional community as a whole. Worse, it al­ Monday, November 13, 1989 hands of Serbians. Witnesses acknowledged lowed Daniel Ortega to manipulate Nicara­ in court that the secret police had made Mr. LANTOS. Mr. Speaker, the gross human guan nationalism diverting blame away from them sign dictated statements, which led to the Sandinista front •and toward the United rights violations by the Yugoslav government the initial conviction. against the ethnic Alabanians of the Yugoslav Behind all this is a blatant attempt by States. province of Kosovo is one of the great trage­ Serbia, led by a blustery demagogue named In the past year, however, much has dies now taking place. The dramatic events Slobodian Milosevic, to reconciliate Yugo­ changed following the Central American taking place in East Germany and Bulgaria sfavia-under Serbian rule. The country's Peace Accords of the region's five presidents have overshadowed the latest tragic events in slide toward disintegration began after the and the ongoing agreement between the Con­ southern Yugoslavia, but unfortunately the vio­ death of Tito in gress and President Bush. It appears that U.S. 1980. The more prosperous western repub­ lence and the bloodshed and repression con­ policy in the region has, in fact, been favor­ lics of Croatia and Slovenia have been in­ ably reoriented toward greater coordination tinue. creasingly looking toward Western Europe This past week reports from Western jour­ for economic and cultural contact; sfovenia with our allies, active diplomacy to apply inter­ nalists indicated that six ethnic Albanians died this September even amended its constitu­ national pressure, and strong support for plu­ in recent violence in Kosovo, although Albani­ tion to give itself the right to secede. Croats ralism and the nonviolent opposition. These an sources in the United States have reported and Slovenes feel little kinship with the agreements offer great hope and practical that the figure is considerably higher than that peoples of the other republics, Macedonia, steps to resolve the question of the Contras number. Last spring scores of Albanians were Montenegro and Bosnia-Hercegovina. But and hold accountable the repressive regime of they all distrust the expansionism of Daniel Ortega. killed, hundreds injured, and thousands arrest­ Serbs-the largest part, 22 percent, of Yugo­ ed in clashes with Serbian authorities in slavia's population. Within the frame work of these agreements, Kosovo. It bears keeping in mind that Yugoslavia the internal opposition in Nicaragua, com­ The Yugoslav newspaper Delo, published in escaped from the Soviet orbit four decades posed of business, labor, religion, the press Ljublana, reported last week that a French ago though, in the interest of keeping the and political parties has arduously committed judge, Antoine Garpon, head of a delegation Southslav concoction in one pot, wasted the itself to the task of unseating, nonviolently, of the International Federation for ·Human opportunity to dismantle one party rule. Its the regime which most of its members had experimentation with various half-baked so­ fought to bring into power. Rights and two of his associates were told by cialist models like worker self-management police that they would be killed unless they has led to massive corruption, 1,500 percent Free and fair elections offer great hope for left Kosovo. inflation rates and effective bankruptcy for an UNO victory, a victory which would begin a Mr. Speaker, we in the Congress must the state. Although the unofficial economy much-needed healing process and a working speak out forcefully against these denials of has made individuals relatively prosperous coalition to begin a common program for na­ human rights. It is incumbent upon us to call in the western regions, much of Yugoslav­ tional reconciliation. the attention of the American people to these ia's population lives hand-to-mouth. Recent We have an opportunity, indeed an obliga­ abuses. We must demand that the Yugoslav demands by the International Monetary tion, to offer constructive and effective assist­ Fund for Belgrade to cover its internal defi­ ance in the peace process, as well as to mon­ government put an end to the violence and cits, to unify its welfare program, to normal­ terror against a portion of its citizens. ize interest and exchange rates, and to es­ itor and ensure the integrity of the February Last week, Mr. Speaker, the European Edi­ tablish securities and stock exchanges seem elections. On November 7, the United States tion of the Wall Street Journal published an but cruel jokes. joined the other members of the U.N. Security excellent editorial dealing with the situation in The Kosovo and Vojvodina trials give a Council in voting to create a U.N. peacekeep­ Kosovo. I ask that it be placed in the RECORD more ominous signal of Yugoslavia's direc­ ing force charged with halting cross-border in­ for the benefit of my colleagues. tion. They indicate that while Poland, Hun­ cursions in Central America. gary, the Soviet Union and even Ea.st Ger- Violeta Chamorro, widow of the slain editor DARKNESS IN Kosovo • many are beginning to see the light, Yugo­ [From the European Edition of the Wall slavia is rapidly sliding toward darkness. of La Prensa, an original member of Nicara­ Street Journal, Nov. 9, 19891 gua's first revolutionary junta and UNO's can­ The show trial, one of the most sinister didate 'tor president, asks the United States to manifestations of Stalinism, is apparently ADVANCING THE CAUSE OF "keep watch on our elections," by sending as making a comeback in Yugoslavia. The DEMOCRACY IN NICARAGUA many observers as possible. I hope we will former Communist Party chief of Kosovo, heed Mrs. Chamorro's call and lend to the Azem Vla.si, along with 14 other ethnic Al­ HON. JOHN J. LaFALCE Nicaraguan people a witness for democracy. banians are being tried on charges that OF NEW YORK harken back to the 1950's: "counter-revolu­ [From the Washington Post, Nov. 8, 19891 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tionary undermining of the social order." KEEP WATCH ON OUR ELECTIONS More specifically, the 15 are accused of Monday, November 13, 1989 having committed acts aimed at "smashing brotherhood and unity, destroying . the Mr. LAFALCE. Mr. Speaker, I am pleased to From Manila to Mexico, from Budapest to equality of nations and nationalities, and share with my colleagues an article in the No­ Berlin to Beijing, a great gale of democracy undermining the economic basis of the vember 8 edition of the Washington Post, is blowing. But not on the Nicaraguans. country." "Keep Watch on Our Elections," by Violeta What a cruel blast we've received from fate! 28602 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 13, 1989 In 1979 we were all part of "the beautiful Nicaragua will tell you that forging unity Help give Nicaraguans the chance to feel revolution": a great coalition that was to rid among our diverse groups and tendencies is again the breezes of democracy. us of tyranny forever, of corrupt officials, of no small achievement, especially because bullying soldiers and police, of grinding pov­ our organizations have been restricted and erty, of foreign tutelage, of one-party, one­ repressed. But we have united around a family rule. Then we were the vanguard of common program for national reconcilia­ the democratic revolution. Now we bring up tion, economic reconstruction and social jus­ HONORING HIS EMINENCE the rear. tice through democratic institutions. ARCHBISHOP IAKOVOS For one brief moment in July of 1979 our people rose in joy to greet our brave mucha­ Our common effort found fertile ground. chos returning victorious to Managua: Last month despite intimidation by Sandi- HON. GARY L. ACKERMAN Davids who had vanquished Goliath. How nista troops and myriad obstruction by gov- OF NEW YORK could we imagine that soon we would behold ernment bureaucrats, a record 92 percent of them behind armored personnel carriers eligible Nicaraguan voters formed long lines IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and helicopter gunships. Soon enough the to register. As has been reported in The d N b 13 1989 heroes of the revolution were slaughtering New York Times, the Sandinista military Mon ay, ovem er , one another. Soon enough the workers who even went so far as to stage a sham battle in Mr. ACKERMAN. Mr. Speaker, I rise today struck against autocrarcy could no longer an unsuccessful attempt to stop voters from to pay tribute to an outstanding religious world strike or organize; the political parties that registration. To frighten the people, Presi- leader, Archbishop lakovos, on the occasion had united against the dictator could not as­ dent Daniel Ortega has called us "traitors" of his 30th anniversary as the spiritual leader semble; the newspaper that had spread the and "mercenaries" and "CIA agents," and word of freedom could not publish; the has declared that a vote for us is "a vote for of over 2 million Greek Orthodox faithful in the church that had preached liberation from the enemy of the people." Pronouncing the Americas and as the dean of all religious lead­ the pulpit was bound and gagged. Sandinistas "sure winners," he has enipha- ers in the United States. This unique and vi­ How sad that Nicaraguans, instead of en­ sized that people would "not be so foolish as brant leader has, over the past three decades joying the blessings of equality and prosper­ to vote for a loser"-darkly intimating that worked diligently to bring greater vitality and ity for which they risked their lives, now after a Sandinista victory opposition voters unity to the church, initiating reforms and ad­ flee their homeland in the hundreds of thousands. How sad that the government of will be treated as traitors. Our jails are vancing the frontiers of eastern Orthodoxy which I once formed a part has become as filled already with "enemies of the people." throughout the world. corrupt as its predecessor, as cruel, as hated. But the people remain steadfast. Despite On April 1, 1959, his Eminence was made But we've had our fill of hatred and of the government's monopoly of television archbishop of the Greek Orthodox Church of opinionated warriors who promise paradise ewe are allowed only 15 minutes per week on North and South America. Since this date, he and deliver inferno. Ten years of living dan­ a feeble channel that cannot reach many gerously has brought civil war, an exodus of areas), despite indiscriminate Sandinista use has presided over many landmark events, a fifth of our countrymen, an annual infla­ of state transport, telephones, offices, meet- both in the field of human and civil rights and tion of 30,000 percent, 40 percent unemploy­ ing places, telegraph and copiers, despite in the arena of religious dialog. Soon after his ment and, for the first time in our history, the fact that 50 percent of our desperately appointment as archbishop, His Eminence vis­ mass hunger. Our industry and agriculture needed and profoundly appreciated dona- ited Pope John XXlll at the Vatican. This his­ are paralyzed. We have gone from being the tions are appropriated by the Sandinista- toric encounter marked the first time in 350 bread basket of Central America to being its dominated electoral commission, the people years that an archbishop of the Greek Ortho­ basket case: an international beggar with are giving us their support. Just last week dox Church was received by the Pope. His re­ the largest per-capita foreign debt in Latin an independent survey showed us winning America. Even a government-commissioned by a margin of nearly 2 to 1. Even though lationship with the Vatican blossomed and in survey has found consumption to have the Sandinistas have unleashed their mobs 1969 he was the first archbishop of his church fallen by 70 percent since the revolution. Of to disrupt our meetings, these meetings to preach in St. Patrick's Cathedral. His activi­ course the Sandinista media shout that all grow larger and larger. Recently even the ties as an ardent ecumenist extended to the this is due to Mr. Reagan and now to Mr. Bush. But. we Nicaraguans know full well Sandinista mayor of Managua acknowl- initiation of ongoing dialogues between the that the shortages and the repression came edged that his party is losing. Orthodox Church and Judaism, and the estab- before the war and the embargo. Accordingly the Sandinistas have resorted lishment of Orthodox dialogues with Roman Tired of war and warriors, of dogmas and to a new, more desperate and dangerous di- Catholics, Anglicans, Lutherans, Southern slogans, we'd like to put our feet on the version. Again turning their backs on their Baptists and Black church leaders. ground, our house in order. We want to be solemn commitment to their people and to A tireless champion of human and civil boring for a while-more like our neighbor the Central American presidents, they have to the south, Costa Rica-a country_at peace broken the cease-fire with the rebels. Their rights, Archbishop lakovos joined forces with with its neighbors where no family or party helicopter gunships and automatic artillery Dr. Martin Luther King at Selma, and lobbied is above the law, with an army reduced to a have opened fire. Their 90,000-man army vigorously for passage of the Civil Rights Act. minimum Jimmy Carter in 1980. On Octo- ants who have no land. We would like to In view of these alarming developments 1 ber 27, 1986 he was accorded the Ellis Island find common ground. have come to this country to ask for help. Medal of Honor. The United Hellenic Ameri­ We in the opposition have been able to With the solidarity of all those who support can Congress in Chicago is gathering today to find common ground among ourselves. our cause, I believe we may secure a rela- recognize the 30th anniversary of this man's Today I am proud to say that the opposition tively free vote; without it we may be extraordinary career of leadership and service coalition includes every group that united doomed to elections in the style of the San- to the Greek American community. against Somoza in 1979, except the Sandi­ nistas, who many feel betrayed our revolu­ dinistas' ally Gen. Noriega. The archbishop is a shining example of the tion. The National Opposition Union Keep watch. Send observers from Con- imprint that one man's efforts can make on spans 14 parties of every political stripe: gress, from state and federal government, the world. I ask my colleagues to join me in Communist, Socialist, Social Democratic, from political parties, from labor unions, this opportunity to wish the archbishop· a very Populist, Liberal, Social Christian, Christian from professional and human rights organi- Democratic, Libertarian and Conservative. zations. Send them now. They will be wit- happy anniversary and to extend our warmest We are supported by all the independent nesses for democracy. Send journalists and thanks and appreciation for his devoted ef­ labor unions, business organizations, and cameras; let your news and polling organiza- forts as a progressive religious leader who professional groups. Anyone who knows tions conduct independent voter surveys. has brought guidance to millions. November 13, 1989 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28603 TRIBUTE TO DAVID N. DINKINS issue of being good Democrats and not the vention. He usually led the beautiful candle fact that we were black." ceremony during which these individuals are HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL For the last 26 years, David has lived with remembered. OF NEW YORK his wife, Joyce, in the same three-bedroom We shall truly miss Art, but will remember IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES apartment in Harlem. They have two grown him and honor him by carrying on the cause children, David, Jr., and Donna, and a grand­ Monday, November 13, 1989 he lived and died for, to make certain our vet­ child, Jamal. erans are afforded the benefits and services Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, I rise in praise I wish David and his family my heartfelt con­ they so rightly deserve. Had he not been of David Norman Dinkins, the son of a barber, gratulations, and may God guide him in the stricken, Art surely would have participated in faithful husband and father, marine, lawyer, wise and successful governance of our great numerous activities honoring veterans this and public servant who today is the mayor­ city. past Saturday. It is only fitting that we honor elect of the greatest city on Earth. Yesterday him today. he was elected by the people of New York City to lead them for the next 4 years, and ARTHUR A. BRESSI, FORMER today he is the same warm, humble, and P:ij.ISONER OF WAR TRIBUTE TO JOHN T. "JOCK" loving person that he has been for all of his MENZIES 62 years. HON. G. V. (SONNY) Indeed, the occasion is filled with fitting MONTGOMERY HON. HELEN DELICH BENTLEY irony in the ascendancy of this most unassum­ OF MISSISSIPPI OF MARYLAND ing of men-yet an inspiring leader-to ac­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES complish one of the last remaining feats in New York City politics: the election of an Afri­ Monday, November 13, 1989 Monday, November 13, 1989 can-American as mayor. I remember some of Mr. MONTGOMERY. Mr. Speaker, I was Mrs. BENTLEY. Mr. Speaker, it is my great the days during the campaign when little chil­ saddened to learn today of the death of Mr. honor and privilege to salute Mr. John T. dren, especially the black ones, surrounded Arthur A. Bressi, of Tucson, AZ, a totally dis­ "Jock" Menzies upon being chosen as 1989 him with adoring cheers and laughter, as if abled former prisoner of war during World War Port Leader of the Year by the Baltimore they knew-before any of us could honestly II, and a former national commander of the Junior Association of Commerce. say it-that he was the winner. Because of American Defenders of Bataan and Corregi­ I have been closely associated with the Port David, we all now know for sure that they too dor. of Baltimore and the maritime industry for over have another set of shoulders to stand on. Art was born and raised in Marion, PA, and 40 years, so I possess a true understanding I speak so fondly of David not only because graduated from Marion High School in 1938. as to how important the port is to our city's he is my friend and neighbor of many years in He joined the Army and was shipped to Cor­ economic well-being. Thus it always gives me the Harlem community where we both live. I regidor, the Philippines, in 1940. He was as­ great pleasure to honor someone like Jock would extol his virtues even if all I had known signed to the 60th Coast Artillery and, after Menzies-a man whose efforts have been in­ of him was his conduct during this long, ardu­ the attack on Pearl Harbor, was active in the valuable in helping to guide our port into the ous political campaign. Throughout this often defense of Corregidor until its fall on May 6, next century. rough-and-tumble matchup, David remained 1942. He was a prisoner of the Japanese for Jock has demonstrated his leadership in a the unflappable gentleman. While some others 3112 years,-until the end of the war. During the variety of ways. He serves as president of ranted and raved, he counseled, in that sooth­ final 2 years of his internment by the Japa­ Terminal Corporation-a company which has ing way of his, reason and humanity. It will be nese he worked in a steel mill in Hirahato, helped to make Baltimore a major paper prod­ a fitting tribute to him to go down in history as Japan. After the war, Art stayed in the service, uct port. He chairs the Private Sector Port New York's great healer. working in Army Intelligence until retiring. He Committee-an organization which is develop­ Already David has stood the test. To the later worked for the Department of the Navy ing a common area of dialog among port in­ amazement of many citizens of his own racial­ and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. terests in both the private and public sectors. ly polarized city and elsewhere, his affable During the years since his retirement Art per­ Yet it is as an outspoken and effective ad­ personality and sober leadership enabled the formed many hours of voluntary service at the vocate of the port system that Jock's influ­ formation of a victorious coalition of African­ Department of Veterans Affairs medical center ence may be at its strongest. For he is a man Americans, Hispanic-Americans, Jews, and a in Tucson, AZ, and was constantly active in personally dedicated to helping all interested multiplicity of ethnic whites. It was a task functions of the American Defenders of groups-management, labor, and various never before achieved by a black man in a Bataan and Corregidor as well as the Ameri­ levels of government-coordinate their efforts city fractured more than ever by racial vio­ can Ex-Prisoners of War. and work for the good of the port. lence, drugs, and fiscal crisis. With an appeal I have known Art for many years as an out­ Mr. Speaker, Jock Menzies is certainly de~ to the majority of what he described as New spoken leader in the cause for improving ben­ serving of this award-as well as the thanks York's "gorgeous mosaic," he has prevailed. efits for former prisoners of war. He was a and admiration of all of us who are involved David Dinkins was born in Trenton, NJ, on man that people listened to and followed. He with the port. July 10, 1927, to William and the late Sally told it like it was and pulled no punches. You Congratulation, Jock, and thanks for a job Dinkins, who a year earlier had migrated from didn't have to agree with Art to know that his well done. Newport News, VA. He attended public heart was always in the right place: He was schools in Trenton and in New York City, and stricken with a massive coronary and stroke after serving in the Marine Corps, went on to on October 28 while performing one of his fa­ THE SERVICE OF DOROTHY graduate from Howard University in Washing­ vorite activities, emceeing a· function for BUSH ton with a degree in mathematics. In 1953, he former prisoners of war held in Mukden, Man­ graduated from Brooklyn Law School. churia during World War II. He finally suc­ HON. MARY ROSE OAKAR A protege of the great J. Raymond Jones, cumbed to these devastating occurrences on OF OHIO former Manhattan borough president and city Veterans Day, November 11, 1989. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES councilman, David's political career began in Art leaves behind his beloved wife Anna, a 1965 with his election to the New York State loving daughter, Barbara, and a granddaugh­ Monday, November 13, 1989 Assembly, where he served one term before ter. Both Anna and Barbara exhibit the same Ms. OAKAR. Mr. Speaker, one of the finest his district was redrawn in redistricting. He spirit and tenacity of their husband and father Democratic women has retired as secretary of later served as New York City clerk and, in and I am certain they will continue to be the National Democratic Party. She was re­ 1985, was elected to his current position as active in matters affecting former POW's spected and admired by us all. Manhattan borough president. and veterans. I am saddened that Art's name When all the list is completed and all the David has practiced well the instruction of will now be added to the list of members of tests are applied, one Alabama-Mississippi-na­ his mentor, Mr. Jones, who just yesterday said the Defenders of Bataan and Corregidor who tional Democrat will have outshone and out­ of him, "He learned we had to make it on the have died since the organization's last con- lasted all the rest. Dorothy Bush, secretary of 28604 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 13, 1989 the Democratic Party from 1944 to 1989, of my bill were then incorporated in Public In addition, I am pleased that this bill con­ wielded ceremonial gavels at 12 national con­ Law 100-220. tains a provision to serve another needy and ventions before the American people. Her The unregulated use of driftnets has devast­ underserved population of our youth-those in clear voice as she called the roll of members ed the living marine resources of the Pacific our juvenile detention and correctional cen­ leaves a pleasant memory to all who attended Ocean for too long. The continued persis­ ters. As juvenile arrest rates for drug sales and those who followed the conventions on tance of a few nations to use driftnets clearly and possession have skyrocketed in the last television. indicates that this problem will not go away by several years, the numbers of youth incarcer­ Busy with the day-to-day meetings, spend­ itself. I commend this worthwhile and long ated in these facilities have increased as well. ing 13 years in Washington to better perform overdue legislation and urge my colleagues to Many of these facilities face the same prob­ her duties, Dorothy never shirked a responsi­ join in voting in favor of House Concurrent lems as those serving adults: They are over­ bility nor ever failed in her dedication to the Resolution 214. crowded, underfunded, understaffed, unable people of the Nation by her service to the to meet the service needs of their residents, Democratic Party. and in too many instances, under court order She was the first women to hold a top-level H.R. 3614, DRUG-FREE SCHOOLS to provide better services to youth in them. By office in either major party. She enjoyed a AND COMMUNITIES ACT OF 1989 requiring the Governors to first provide drug front-row seat for the unfolding of the specta­ abuse education and prevention to these cle of American politics. On television from HON. GEORGE MILLER youth, we are advancing the rehabilitative goal 1948 on, she prepared the way for accept­ OF CALIFORNIA of the juvenile justice system, and addressing ance of women in politics. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES a population in dire need of such services. If Among Dorothy's fond memories as she re­ Monday, November 13, 1989 we hope to keep this youth out of the adult tires are tributes by the hundreds, among correctional system, we must target our re­ them: Mr. MILLER of California. Mr. Speaker, I rise sources on them now. From Democratic National Committee chair­ in strong support of H.R. 3614, which amends School systems ar.ound the country have re­ man Paul Kirk who called her the Party's the Drug-Free Schools and Communities Act ported great success in their drug abuse pre­ "Living Legend"; of 1986. We, as a nation, are in the midst of a vention efforts through the use of trained drug From committee chairman John White who drug war which we can't afford to lose. Tar­ abuse counselors. I am pleased that H.R. called her "The Den Mother of the Democrat­ geting our drug prevention and education ef­ 3601, which promotes antidrug counseling, ic Party"; forts at our youth, as this bill does, is critical if has been included in this bill. Currently, there From committee chairman Bob Strauss­ we are to stop this crisis. I am pleased that is a shortage of such counselors at the sec­ "The Grand Lady of our Party"; this bill contains several new provisions which ondary level, and a severe shortage at the el­ And from Hubert Humphrey who said he focus on several populations in critical need of ementary school level. wouldn't believe he was actually the party's our drug abuse prevention and education ef­ I would like to highlight several other signifi­ nominee for President until he saw Dorothy forts. cant provisions in H.R. 3614. One amends the Bush's signature attesting to the fact. I particularly want to note the inclusion of State plan to require that drug abuse educa­ I can only add ·to those words of praise by H.R. 3576, a bill which provides emergency tion information and a list of local resources pointing out that the Democratic Party of protective and related services to children for substance abuse counseling and treatment today would not be what it is without the in­ whose parents are substance abusers. Re­ be made available, so that people will be able valuable contribution that Dorothy Bush made; peated testimony to the Select Committee on to seek services in their communities. Recog­ she has been a source of inspiration to us all: Children, Youth, and Families suggests that nizing that it is important to educate children Members of Congress, judges, governors, substance abuse is a primary factor in a ma­ as early as possible about the dangers of drug State and local legislators, and precinct cap­ jority of child abuse cases, including child abuse, a new provision requires that informa­ tains. abuse-related deaths. tion and materials about drug-abuse preven­ We salute Dorothy Bush for a job well done. This legislation is desperately needed by tion and education be made available to par­ child protection agencies, which have been ents of children in early childhood education overwhelmed by-and often unable to serve­ programs. I am also pleased that the definition HOUSE CONCURRENT the rapidly growing numbers of children of "drug abuse education and prevention" has RESOLUTION 214 abused and neglected by drug-addicted par­ been amended to include information about ents. According to the National Committee for the dangers of anabolic steroids, a growing HON. CHARLES E. BENNETI Prevention of Child Abuse, substance abuse is problem among both high school and college OF FLORIDA the most dominant characteristic of child pro­ athletes. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tective services [CPS] caseloads in over two­ I urge my colleagues to join me in support­ thirds of the States. What this means in ing this crucial bill. Monday, November 13, 1989 human terms is that, far too often, children 1 Mr. BENNETT. Mr. Speaker, thank you for are left in dangerous homes because appro­ this opportunity to rise in support of House priate services are just not there. THE JAPAN THAT CAN SAY "NO" Concurrent Resolution 214, in support of re­ By supporting this legislation, which author­ gional efforts to end driftnet fishing in the izes $40 million in fiscal year 1990-and such HON. SANDER M. LEVIN South Pacific. sums as. necessary in subsequent years-we The economic and environmental damages will enable State and local child protection OF MICHIGAN associated with the widespread use of drift­ agencies and nonprofit child abuse interven­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES nets in the South Pacific are issues of great tion and mental health organizations to better Monday, November 13, 1989 national and international importance. Plastic assist troubled youth and families by support­ Mr. LEVIN of Michigan. Mr. Speaker, under driftnets, also known as ghost driftnets, which ing the hiring of additional caseworkers, staff leave to extend my remarks in the RECORD, I are lost or discarded at sea continue to fish training, services, foster care and adoptive include the following: and indiscriminately kill fish, seabirds, and family recruitment, and coordination with other marine mammals. Driftnets are also an ineffi­ providers of appropriate services to abused THE JAPAN THAT CAN SAY "No"-THE NEW cient and wasteful method of harvesting fish­ youth. UNITED STATES-JAPAN RELATIONS CARD eries resources. As much as 50 percent of the Most importantly, by supporting this legisla­ fish ensnared in driftnets die and drop out of tion, we help those hardest hit by drugs: THE NECESSITY FOR PRESENT DAY JAPANESE TO the net before it is harvested onboard ship. Babies born hooked to alcohol or cocaine; ne­ REFORM THEIR CONSCIOUSNESS I have long been a proponent for legislation glected toddlers found in drug raids; 10-year (Ishihara> aimed at stopping this environmentally de­ olds forced to peddle drugs for food; children Japanese People Have Become Top Heavy structive practice. In both the .99th and 1OOth battered or killed by parents high on crack; Each month, there is the Cabinet meeting Congress, I introduced the Driftnet Monitoring, and the millions of young children at risk of for the economic report. I am one of those Assessment, and Control Act. The provisions abuse by alcoholic parents. kinds of guys who gets up early and goes November 13, 1989 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28605 before the cabinet meeting, which winds up more natural to me that our descendants things could come to that. The more tech­ by 9 am, or 8 at the earliest. While rubbing would be able to continue to sweat and work nology advances, the more the U.S. and the my sleepy eyes, I go over the reports by the to keep the country strong. Soviet Union will become dependent upon Bureau Chief of the Economic Planning Japan's Advanced Technology Is at the the initiative of the Japanese people-this is Agency and by the Director of the Bank of Heart of Military Strength getting crazy now, but the point is clear. Japan. Each month, the reports are almost This is something advocated by Mr. The U.S. Defense Department's Science identical. Generally, the Cabinet ministers Morita, who is a company leader that has Commission recently prepared a huge classi­ sleep through it. When I suggested to the driven Japan's advanced technology and fied report on electronic engineering. Look­ Chief Cabinet Secretary that in this age of who is known for manufacturing excellent ing at this, one can well understand the governmental administrative reform, why products. He pointed out that the INF limi­ sense of crisis that the U.S. has with respect not give up these meetings, the response, tations , but they could not catch new culture for itself based upon the skele­ distance." Well, I was not able to convince Japan. Now, Japan is at least 5 years ahead ton of the development of high level tech­ him to sacrifice distance and so I kept quiet. of the U.S. in this area and the gap is widen­ nology. We must not restrain ourselves to After the game, he invited me to his.house ing. There are even some kinds of basic re­ what we have done up to this point. The tax search which cannot be accomplished with­ and while his wife was preparing dinner, he reform was one thing, we must boldly pro­ showed me around. In the garage, I saw ·a out using one of these advanced computers, ceed in making a number of reforms. The It takes excellent computers in order to .de­ Kawasaki snowmobile, which he said he dregs of the postwar period are too promi­ needed because winters in the northern part velop other advanced computers-it is a nent in the consciousness of Japanese. I feel cycle of technology. In other words, the of New York State have a lot of snow. Next that however hesitatingly, the revolution in to it was a Japanese m.otor boat, which he bigger the gap in advanced computer tech­ our consciousness has already begun. nology, the more difficult it is to catch up. said he needs because he house is surround­ The Soviet Union implemented a revolu­ ed by lakes. I also saw an off-road vehicle The current situation in the world is that tion in consciousness with its criticism of those kinds of computers are central to mili­ made in Japan. Stalinism, and China achieved the Great Finally, dinner was ready and as I went tary strength and therefore central to na­ Cultural Revolution. The United States also tional power. This is why the U.S. is being into the house, I saw a Sony television and realized a type of consciousness reform numerous other Japanese-made products. I driven so hard. For example, in performing through its bitter experiences in the Viet­ simulations of what elements would be said "You criticize us all the time for not nam War. Japan is the only one which has buying American products while it's obvious needed by aircraft flying at mach 2, a reiiu­ not felt the need for some kind of reform lar computer might take 40 years to per­ that you prefer Japanese products. Are you since the end of the war. We do not need a asking us to buy something you won't buy form the necessary computations. If the drastic reform of consciousness, but rather a same query is put to a new, advanced com­ yourself?" smooth reform based upon the technology Americans today make money by "han­ puter, however, the answer will come out in that we have developed for ourselves. I a year. Japan has almost the total share of dling" money and shuffling it around, in­ the 1 megabit chips which are at the heart think that only by doing this will we realize stead of creating and producing goods and a society which is mature in the true sense with some actual value. of these computers. In that sense, Japan of the word. has become a very important country. America Looks 10 Minutes Ahead; Japan THE DECLINE OF AN AMERICA WHICH CAN ONLY There ls a Need for Japanese To Change Looks 10 Years SEE 10 MINUTES AHEAD Their Consciousness in Light of High I delivered a speech in Chicago entitled Technology "Ten Minutes vs. Ten Years." I stated that As the world goes smaller, and issues in America Neglects the Significance of we Japanese plan and develop our busines5 the world further settle down, whether it be Production strategies ten years ahead. When I asked an China or Siberia, development will proceed. The gist of the Ishihara message is the American money trader "how far ahead do In order to get the needed access (participa­ importance of production activities. you plan ... one week?" The reply was "no, tion in the market> the most important pos­ I have had frequent occasion to deliver no ... ten minutes." He was moving money sibility lies in linear technology. Japan and speeches, both in Europe and in the United through a computer, targeting the fate of West Germany are the most advanced coun­ States, due to the nature of my business ac­ that transaction ten minutes later. So, as I tries in this research and development, and tivities, and have involved myself in many told the Americans, we are focusing on busi­ the theoretical base of Japanese technology debates at international conferences. As a ness ten years in advance, while you seem to if far superior. West Germany has given up result of my conversations with Europeans be concerned only with profits ten minutes in research on superconducting, but Japan and Americans, I have become very aware of from now. At that rate, you may well never has cleared the three technological obsta­ and concerned about the fact that they to able to compete with us. cles which were envisioned by West Germa­ appear to have forgotten the importance of A well-known economist, Peter Drucker, ny. production activities. wrote recently; "Americans cannot live in a To make a long story short, the West Americans make money by playing symbol economy where businessmen play German magnetic floating train develop­ "money games," namely, M&A which is pre­ stock prices is wrong; it takes a lot of cour­ industry will flourish. This includes finance sided over by Mr. Morita. This was formed age. I stressed that money should not be the and financial services, where entrepreneurs more than 10 years ago as an association of subject of speculation, because the funda­ and investors alike do not leave their money politicians and businessmen. I am the mental function of money should not be to in long-term projects, such as the ten-year youngest, but I also participate. We get to­ enrich banks and security companies but to projects that have been implemented in gether for discussions once or twice a year. smooth the path of production activities. It Japan. The American economy is, then, an Recently, Mr. Kissinger predicted that has been said that America is entering a so­ economy without substance. It must return Japan might become a military superpower. called post-industrial society where the to a real production economy. This, however, was not the foolish step of weight of the service industry sector is In America, R&D is closely linked to the Japan getting ICBMs and refurbishing the growing. Yet, when people forget how to military budget. R&D in the private sector November 13, 1989 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28607 is heavily dependent on military expendi­ ernment could get if they levied an addition­ people are unaware of the fact that they ture. As a result, a corporation can engage al 25 cents per gallon. Yet the government have a significant impact on the world econ­ in the development of a new fighter without will not even begin to initiate such a move. omy. And I believe it is true that Japan's worrying about profit or loss. On the other In fact, even with such an additional tax, economic status has been much enhanced. hand, budget constraints on NASA and the American gasoline prices will still remain Like it or not, this is the picture held by military agencies will directly reduce the less than international prices. Politicians Americans, and the Japanese people have to volume of R&D. are simply afraid of losing votes by adopting recognize it and, inevitably, they have to A ten-minute profit cycle economy does unpopular policies. Some of my closest behave in accordance with that status in the not permit companies to invest in long term American friends have said that Bush could world community today. development. There are some exceptions, have been elected without promising not to such as IBM, AT&T, DuPont and some raise taxes. He has so firmly committed RACIAL PREJUDICE IS AT THE ROOT OF JAPAN others. But they do not represent the main­ himself and his administration to not rais­ BASHING(ISHIHARA) stream of American business nowadays. ing taxes, yet it is so obvious that the twin America Will Never Hold Its World Leader­ Gradually but surely, American business is deficits cannot be solved without additional ship Position Unless It Ends Its Racial shifting toward a symbol economy. In addi­ national revenue. Prejudice tion, it seems fashionable to call the service Bush should have been more realistic if he industry the "futuristic third wave" and in­ was, and is, honestly concerned with the I had the opportunity to visit Washington, formation and intelligence is the business of American budget crisis. Tactically, he could D.C. in April a year ago, and was surprised the future. But these produce nothing. have said early on that he would not raise at the very hostile atmosphere. It was only Business, in my mind, is nothing but "value taxes, but as he gained support, he should five days after Congress passed the resolu­ added;" we must add value and wisdom to have become more honest and direct, and tion condemning Japan on the semiconduc­ things and this is what America seems to told the people that it was necessary to tor issue. I met some of my old friends, sen­ have forgotten. And this is the most deplor­ pursue a more realistic financial policy. On ators and congressmen, who with subtle able aspect of America today. the contrary, he confirmed his pledge after smiles admitted that racial considerations or Japan will do fine as long as it continues he was elected. Solutions to the deficit prob­ more directly, racial prejudice, played a role to develop and produce things of tangible lem seem even more remote. in US-Japan relations. This was after I had value; a shift from high technology industry This being the case, the US dollar has discussed several concrete examples with to quick profits from the money game will continued to decline, and the US has had to them. Although they shied away from the only serve to accelerate the degeneration of increase interest rates to further attract for­ subject of racial prejudice as if it were the country. We must take precautions eign money to the US, for which it will have taboo, they did admit that it is there. against such developments, providing for, to pay a great deal of interest. The result is Initially, they violently denied my allega­ for example, tax advantages for long term an increasingly vicious circle. tions, citing that the Pacific War of 40-some investments. The US inflation situation might well years ago as the only real source of preju­ It is even more the case in America. A become an even more chronic phenomenon. dice against the Japanese. I declared that it quick profit from a stock deal should be Economic growth without inflation is ideal, was not as simple as that. It appears that taxed at a higher rate than those on long whereas endless inflation might well bring the Americans were firmly of the opinion term investment. Capital gains should be the dollar's value to the level of trash. This, that it was the West, namely Euro-Ameri­ subject to a lower rate of taxation. in turn, will make European and Japanese cans, who established modernism. My reac­ Recently I said, "America is supposedly assets trash since sizeable assets of both are tion was as follows. the number one industrial country in the in US dollars. It may be true that the modern era is a world. Why don't you have a Department of Both the Europeans and Japanese cannot creation of the white race, but you have Industry?" Seated next to me was the chair­ sit idly by, ignoring or overlooking the trend become somewhat presumptous about it. In man of the Ford Motor Corporation, Mr. in the American economy. At one time, the pre-modern era, Asiatic races such as Caldwell, who replied "that's right-we are when the US dollar was very high, the Japa­ Genghis Khan and his armies raided the supervised by the Department of Transpor­ nese and Europeans asked Americans if European continent, destroying towns and tation." The Department of Transportation "they could absorb the trade deficit caused villages, looting and raping. Yet at that is interested in emission control and high­ by the high dollar?" At that time, Treasury time, many Europeans actually irritated the way safety, but has no interest in or juris­ Secretary Regan was of the opinion that style and behavior of Khan's hordes, cutting diction over the future of the automobile in­ the US dollar should stay high and strong. their hair short, shaving their eyebrows, dustry in the United States. When James Baker became the new Secre­ and walking menacingly with knees apart. America is the only nation among the ad­ tary of the Treasury, he recognized the That was nothing compared to the strange vanced industrial countries that does not problem and entered into the Plaza Accord ways modern Europeans and Americans have a Department of Industry which is re­ to lower the value of the dollar. adopt the style and fashions of some of the sponsible for industrial policy. Instead, the The American economy does not stand present era's heros, such as the Beatles and Department of Commerce and USTR pre­ alone. It is not only a domestic issue. The Michael Jackson. Even Asian kids do this. side and their only real concern is trade re­ collapse of the American economy would Probably Khan was some kind of cult figure lated matters and they criticize others for cause a worldwide disaster. 1987's Black then and white women regarded him as a the failure of American industry. Monday chilled all nations momentarily. I am not a pessimist, but I cannot help think­ "hero" of sorts. Japan's Impact on the World Economy Will ing that unless the Bush Administration Some say that the roots of the so-called Be Recognized handles economic issues very seriously, a "yellow peril" can be traced back to atroc­ The American economy appears to be de­ worldwide collapse is not just a worry, but a ities committed by Khan and his men. At teriorating. I assume that the Bush Admin­ very real possibility. The ever-growing any rate, we should keep in mind that there istration will take steps to tackle the American inflation and this economic crisis is prejudice against Orientals, as the follow­ present problems, but the country as a will not only make other nations catch cold, ing episode illustrates. whole seems to be extremely nonchalant but bring their economies into crisis as well. I had a chance to talk with the Secretary about the so-called twin deficits: budget and It is said that Japan contributed to efforts of the Navy about the Amber System. trade. to stop a possible disastrous chain reaction Amber is supposed to be the color of caution There seems to be the feeling that ignited by Black Monday which began in and danger and this system is named for Reaganomics raised the standard of living, America and soon affected the London stock this concept. Under the Amber System, or­ taxes are relatively low, and they can buy market as well. At that point, the Japanese dinary vessels such as tankers and container goods from all over the world. When the Re­ Ministry of Finance asked Japanese institu­ ships, are equipped with sonar on their publicans captured the White House again, tional investors to support prices for a time, bows. The sonar can detect underwater ob­ I began to wonder if there was any sector in which instantly normalized Japanese stock jects. Some objects are rocks, etc., which America which was truly concerned about prices. Later, the chairman of one of the .navigational charts will show. What the the twin deficits since Bush repeatedly major US banks, who was visiting Japan, system is looking for are nuclear subma­ denies any possibility of a tax increase. How told me "it was Japan who put a stop to the rines. in the world do the Americans expect to re­ chain reaction, and it was the Ministry of The Amber System alone cannot detect store their economy? Finance who was able to move the Tokyo the nationality of the submarines detected; Let's examine the price of gasoline. Con­ stock market. The Japanese government it cannot tell if they are American, Russian sumption of gasoline is growing rapidly, yet now has the clout to sustain Wall Street or whatever. It simply detects the presence the price is still below a dollar a gallon. The and the City of London. So-called Japanese of some foreign object and this information ongoing world price per gallon is $4 US. A guidance is truly powerful." is relayed directly to the Pentagon, which one-cent per gallon tax-increase means an This gentleman went on to say "we are knows what is on the navigational charts additional $10 billion; think what the gov- worried about the fact that the Japanese and also where U.S. subs are located, so 28608 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 13, 1989 they will be able to ascertain whether the whatever role the Japanese could, and can ball over 23 kilometers at 36 rounds per particular sub is American or not. do so without irritating the U.S. Americans minute. Americans authorities said non-ex­ I suggested that the Navy equip all Japa­ are essentially an honest people, and in fact plosive training ammunition was being used. nese commercial vessels with this system. do admit to the existence of racial preju­ But even these could easily damage of Japanese seamen are reliable and the Japa­ dice, if they are pressed on the subject, Uraga class Japanese Coast Guard frigate nese merchant marine travels all the oceans which I do. However, this is not enough. <33231 tons), not to mention what it could and seas. Japanese vessels, including .our oil They should also admit that prejudice does do to small fishing vessels. Tokyo Bay is a tankers, could gather information along not hold any solutions to the problems de­ busy commercial habor, similar to New York vital cargo routes and the U.S. could analyze veloping in the world today. It is important Harbor, inside the Verranzano Bridge. the information received from the Japanese that they face the situation aware of the American television reported that the ships. historical context, seeing that the reality is American people would be furious if that To my surprise, the Americans said that it that the power in the world, including eco­ happened in their country. was none of Japan's business. I asked that nomic power, is shifting gradually from The Ministry of Foreign Affairs asked the how, in light of the very limited number of West to East. I may not be as strong a shift Japanese media to hold the story until fur­ U.S. ships, can you deny the need for such as is expressed in the expression the "Pacif­ ther notice, since that event was incidental. assistance. The answer, "We cannot leave ic era," but at any rate it is in America's in­ I was very angry and protested, saying that such a critical matter with Japan." I asked terest to rid itself of prejudice against Asia, I would release the news on my own. This if it was appropriate to involve the British including that against Japan, in order to happened on Japanese sovereign territory in and Germans, and they said it would be. maintain a position of leadership in the an area clearly barred from such firings due The fact of the matter is that Americans world. to the fact it was a vital maritime channel. do not trust Japan. Japan would have no Japan Should Become More Cosmopolitan It was a clear violation of Japan's sovereign basis with which to analyze the information The calendar clearly indicates that we are rights. I observed that "it was like seeing a collected by the Amber System, yet they moving toward the end of a century, and ranking Self Defence Agency official firing still worried about the Japanese reliability with it is coming the end of the modern era his service revolver at the Ginza junction." I in merely collecting the information. It as developed by white Westerners. History still feel the same way. seems that in their minds, even the Soviets is entering a period of new genesis. The pro­ Americans can say that they are here to are more trustworthy than the. Japanese. moter of this new era is Japan as well as the protect Japan under the US-Japan Security American racial prejudice toward Japan is U.S. It is a historical development which Treaty. But at times, it appears to me that very fundamental and we should always America's political leaders should make the Americans behave more like mad dogs keep it in mind when dealing with the known, so that America will be better instead of watch dogs. Americans. equipped to meet the tasks of the future. I use the term "mad dogs" when referring During the Second World War, Americans The Japanese have their own problems. to the Americans recalling that Mr. Shiina, bombed civilian targets in Germany, but They may have to go through a mental evo­ Deputy President of the LDP, used it when only on Japan did they use the atomic lution to meet the needs of this new era. As he was Foreign Minister. This is another in­ bomb. While they refuse to adriiit it, the Mr. Morita has pride and confidence in the stance where "no" clearly said when that is only reason they could use the atomic bomb products of his company, an attitude which · what is meant would be useful. One must on Japan was because of their racial atti­ has made him a truly cosmopolitan man, so say "no" when he means "no" and failure to tude toward Japan. The fact that they actu­ must the Japanese develop pride and confi­ do so reduces credibility. In the case of the ally dropped the atomic bomb on Japan is dence in our culture and our technology. We US-Japan relationship, such an attitude sufficient indication that racial prejudice cannot become overbearing, which will not only further increases American racial prej­ was a factor. be tolerated in the new era, but by the same udice. The Japanese people should know It is my firm conviction that the roots of token, an inferiority complex is equally that they are in essence protecting Ameri­ the US-Japan friction lie in the soil of racial harmful. The Japanese people must move can interests as the new era in international prejudice. American racial prejudice is out of their current mental stagnation; I relations begins, something the Americans based upon the cultural belief that the feel this is especially important for Japa­ seem quicker to sense. This is the reality of modern era is the creation of the white race, nese diplomats. the US-Japan relationship today. including Americans. This confidence ap­ Except for the young and the especially BASHING JAPAN GETS VOTES both books reveal a clear Japanese The American position at this point seems last year in Tokyo Bay. A single cannon on menace-the tides have really shifted since to be that the British and Germans can play the Towers, the Mark 42, can send a 32 kg "Japan As Number One" was published. November 13, 1989 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28609 A book written by a famous journalist School in Manhattan and my son went to the local company had not yet become prof­ which depicts Japan in a very harsh light St. Bernards. I got to know Stokowski conductor at one of the PTA meetings. and named the hall after the company that of the critical attitude on Japan held by the John Gunther, a very influential behind­ had contributed. When the plant manager American masses. The more this attitude in­ the-scenes man was also someone I met was reassigned back to Japan, the whole creases, politicians will beat up on Japan in through PTA, he is now the Ambassador to community threw a "sayonara" party for an attempt to make votes for themselves, Austria. Henry Grunwald, the editor of him. because getting votes is the most important Time, was a classmate of my daughter's who I am not saying that all Japanese compa­ aspect of being a politician. I also got to know. nies coming to the United States are bad, The politicians themselves are not at all At a gathering of Japanese businessmen but just a little kindness and consideration concerned, however. When asked why they in the United States, I got up and told can turn around attitudes about Japanese bash Japan, they respond that if they say them, "to go as a couple to the PTA to get people. The Council for Better Investment "Japan is good," votes will drop off. If to know the other people involved and to Japan is bashed, further, if a Toshiba radio­ in the United States is trying very hard to start getting personally involved in the get this information out in an effort to have cassette player is smashed, this is not indic­ school." The people I was speaking to made ative of hating Toshiba, but they think if the Japanese company weave itself into the such remarks as "I don't like to hear that," fabric of the local community in which it is they do such things, votes will increase. or "Why do we have to do that." When I The state governments welcome Japanese locating. told them there was actually a meeting the At the current time, two hundred and industry because if they invest in their other night and asked what they did, the re­ state, tax collections increase along with sponses were "I was too busy, I sent my forty or fifty companies who have invested employment, but among the American wife," or "My wife can't speak English so in the U.S. are members of the Council, but people, the attitude with respect to Japan is she just gossiped with the other Japanese it aims to attract even more members. becoming more and more critical. women and came home." Because of in­ Information about these efforts is gradu­ The Keidanren has established a "Council stances like this, there is no doubt that the ally becoming known in the U.S., and this for Better Investment in the United States," PTA would view them as the foreigners has already done much to change percep­ which is the English language name of the who'd come to town. tions there. I think Japanese people in the council . What we whole community dresses up and goes to Let's Build an American Society Where mean by "better investment" is the type of church. At that time, however, the Japanese investment which will get Americans on Japan Bashing Causes Votes To Decline are all walking in the opposite direction to Therefore, I think that the only way to Japan's side. If the number of Americans the country club. When they are asked why ·viewing things the way Japan does increases, erase the perception Mr. Ishihara points to they are not going to church, they are likely where Japanese are disliked just for being then bashing Japan will cause lower vote to respond that "I'm a Buddhist," or a simi­ counts. That would probably make politi­ Japanese is to make the above types of ef­ lar reply. I'm not saying that they should forts. This is because they [Americans] are cians stop bashing Japan. necessarily go to church, but it is natural I think that it is vital that we help build a stubborn and are not likely to be induced by for the people in the community to think saying "you guys change." feeling of friendship among the American that some really strange foreigners are in rnasses with respect to Japan. At the I have so many American friends myself their midst when they see them all trotting that I have been accused of being an Ameri­ present time, everyone buys Japanese goods off to the golf course on Sunday morning. and is delighted with them. They do not I golf in America too. But I always do it can. Since I have lived in America and have hate Japanese products. What makes them with foreigners. When Saturday night been counted as a friend by many Ameri­ hate Japan, however, is that when Japanese comes, I take my wife to the country club, cans, I am not overly sensitive to what is businesses enter the American society, they have dinner and talk with the other mem­ said about me. As Ishihara has said, to have the feeling that foreigners are coming. bers. However, golf for Japanese is usually a Americans, they feel that because their hair Japanese Industries in the U.S. Should Work business-related event; there are usually color is different, it is difficult for them to at Community Service guests from Japan and a group solely com­ know what Japanese are thinking. I think Direct investment in the United States is posed of Japanese people plays the course. there is another important point. The way currently expanding very rapidly. The end This is another way in which a strange of delivering .a message is different. The result of this is that Japanese companies, in­ image is transmitted to the local communi­ structure of the Japanese language and cluding Sony, have established themselves ty. English is different, and this affects our dis­ in local districts throughout the country. Another example is that American wives cussions together. When the English or French invest in a often volunteer their spare time for commu­ I have written this elsewhere in a book, local area, the communities and local socie­ nity service activities, such as preparing but when Japanese read Chinese, they put ty do not see this as an invasion of foreign­ braille for the visually handicapped. Japa­ in arrows and symbols to change word ers. However, when the Japanese come, they nese housewives normally do not participate order, but Chinese read it directly and un­ feel that strangers, or something foreign in such activities. derstand the meaning of the sentence imme­ has entered their midst. This gives them There are also public fund-raising dinner diately. English is the same kind of lan­ strong feelings of fear and anxiety. parties for local community centers, which guage, which is read one word after the To give a simple example, when Japanese does not involve mere contributions, it is a· other. In sum, this means that American go to the U.S., their children go to schools. major social event where funds are raised. have a different sequential order in thought The schools have an organization, the Tickets for the party are $30, $50, $100, and processes. Therefore, no matter if you use P.T.A. This stands for Parent and Teachers $200 which represent contributions for the interpreters, it is impossible to interpret in Association. The corresponding organization fund raising event. They view participation the same sequential order as the thought in Japan is called the "Fathers and Broth­ in these events as a contribution to their process that generated the words in Japa­ ers Association" but no fathers and brothers local society. While this is a little different nese. Thus, when a message is to be deliv­ participate, it is more of a "mothers and sis­ than the golf example above, it is another ered, it is regrettable but true, that the se­ ters" association. Myself, I have never at­ area where Japanese isolate themselves as quential thought process of Japanese is in tended the Fathers and Brothers Associa­ strange foreigners. the minority in the world. When communi­ tion in Japan. In the case of America, how­ It is vital that we participate in the local cating with occidentals, who are in the ma­ ever, husbands go with their wives to attend society in order to resolve any racial prob­ jority, if things are not communicated in an meetings for their elementary school or lems. When Japanese build factories in the order they can comprehend, they do not un­ local area school and discuss how those United States, these usually go to the re­ derstand what we are saying. It is necessary schools should be run. In Japan, it is the gional or rural areas due to the large that we be cognizant of this disadvantage mother's duty to take care of educational amount of space they require. In such a that Japan has in this area. matters for the children, so the father does small community context, if Japanese avoid While the color of our hair will never be not attend. In America, however, when the contributing to the local community, they identical to Americans, from the point of father takes off work to attend a PTA meet­ will be disliked in the area, and then the view of practical businessmen, I think we ing, his company does not charge him leave. people of that area will cast their votes for must recognize that if the current trade im­ The man, therefore, must go to the PTA Japan-bashing politicians. balance with the U.S. is not rectified, Amer­ meetings. One Japanese company that had estab­ ica will always say Japan is at fault. If Japa­ When I was living in the U.S., I went to lished in the U.S. had its headquarters in nese business does not go to the U.S. with PTA meetings where I was able to associate Japan make a very substantial contribution manufacturing and sales to bring down the with persons from various walks of life. My to build a community center, in an effort to imbalance, there is no way the problem will daughter went to the Nightingale Bonford counter any adverse prejudice, even though be rectified. We must bring our factories to 28610 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 13, 1989 foreign shores, and invest in these areas They take the ideas we have invented, make plifier which required a lot of space. When where our goods are sold. products and then the onslaught comes. We the American company, which was a famous At this point, if there are any racial prob­ are being damaged, they're disgraceful." radio manufacturer, was initially rebuffed lems, it would be the fault of the Americans, Japan has certainly done better more re­ by people telling him "since we have this but that does nothing to resolve them. cently, but the U.S. and Europe are very great sound and large speakers, who would Through the successes of Japanese-Ameri­ much advanced in basic research. want to buy your little radio," that company can citizens groups, racial problems are not Last year, I was invited to speak to about just quit trying to manufacture transistor so prominent anymore. When the Second 100 researchers who worked at the Bell Lab­ radios. World War began, all Japanese-Americans oratories at ATT. We, however, had something else in mind were placed in detention camps. The Bell Laboratories have about 7 people as a way to sell these radios. "Currently in In the United States, people having differ­ who have won the Nobel Prize. To me, it New York, there are some 20 radio stations ent colored skin have realized great success­ seemed that I would be speaking before broadcasting 20 different programs during es. An example is the Wang company which some of the greatest men of our time. Prior the same time frame. If everyone had their was founded by a Chinese. In our quest to to the speech, I was shown around the Bell own radio, then each person could tune in find why it is only Japan that is bashed, it Laboratories, where a number of wonderful to the program he or she wanted to listen would be a bit strange to say it is because research projects were underway. to. Don't be satisfied with one radio for the Japan is not internationalized, but it is As you must know, the transistor and the whole family, get your own radio. The next really because we have been lax in not fol­ semiconductor, which are at the root of the step was to do the same for televisions." lowing the "when in Rome, do as the current revolution in industry were invented This was a new marketing concept. One Romans do" in incorporating ourselves in at the Bell Laboratories. It really brought radio for one person became a kind of catch the local community. I think this is why we home to me how wonderful America was. phrase in this campaign and the result was remain foreign.· That is exactly why I am The basic message I brought that day was that Sony transistor radios became famous saying we need to make such efforts. I am that this type of research was extremely sig­ throughout the world. not saying that everything they do is al­ nificant academically in terms of both sci­ While it is true that Sony was second in right, but I am saying there is a need for ence and culture, but to be significant from developing the transistor radio, the compa­ internationalization by both parties, and we the standpoint of business and industry, two ny who did it first lacked the marketing cre­ have the need to do business. other types of creativity, in addition to the ativity, so without much thought, they The internment of Japanese-Americans creativity required to make the original in­ simply quit and pulled out ·of the market. during the war was a prime example of the vention, were absolutely necessary. America has stopped manufacturing emotionalism that the U.S. displayed with Industry requires three types of creativi­ things, but this does not mean that they do respect to Japan. After the passage of 40 ty. The first, of course, is the basic creativi­ not have the technology. The reason why · years, the President has finally publicly rec­ ty necessary to make technological inven­ the link between this technology and busi­ ognized that this was wrong. It would be tions and discoveries. This alone, however, ness has not been firmly connected is be­ nice if emotionalism with respect to Japan does not make for good business or good in­ cause they lack the second and third types ended right there, but that is not the case. dustry. of creativity, turning products made with An example is the Toshiba clause in the The second type of creativity that is nec­ the new technology into a business. I feel Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Bill­ essary is that involving how to use this new that this is a big problem for them. This no buying of Toshiba products-Toshiba technology, and how to use it in large quan­ exact area happens to be Japan's stronghold Machine is bad. I said in a speech that this was a violation tities and in a manner that is appropriate. for the moment. of the U.S. constitution. This was due to the In English, this would be called "product When I went to speak at Bell Laborato­ provision in the constitution which pro­ planning and production creativity." ries, I got the chance to look at a lot of their scribes the enactment of laws which would The third type of creativity is in market­ research and advanced technology. I felt deal retroactively with crimes. It also allows ing. That is, selling the things you have pro­ that they may well come up with something anyone accused of a crime the opportunity duced. Even if you succeed in manufactur­ new that was even more important than the to defend himself. In the process of compil­ ing something, it takes marketing to put transistor, but since Bell Labs is a part of ing this bill, sanctions were put on Toshiba that article into actual use before you have ATT, they are not thinking of anything for its crime. Toshiba had already been pun­ a business. except for telecommunications applications. ished for its crime under Japanese law; but The strength in Japanese industry is in There is not one person there who is think­ by adopting these sanctions restricting To­ finding many ways to turn basic technology ing about how to use the new technology shiba's business activities, the Bill would into products and using basic technology. In they are developing as a business. I think impose retroactive punishment. basic technology, it is true that Japan has that this is one area where the U.S. comes When I recently spoke in Seattle, I sug­ relied on a number of foreign sources. Turn­ up wanting. It is my feeling that even gested that this Bill was unconstitutional, ing technology into products is where Japan though times are good in America now and that it was an emotional response, and that is number 1 in the world. employment is up, the time will never again it should be treated as an emotional interna­ Sony was the first company in Japan to li­ come when America will regain its strength tional issue, which was similar in substance cense the transistor patent from Bell Lab­ in industry. to the internment of Japanese-Americans oratories, back in 1953. At that time, the There is a television network in the U.S. during the war. transistor was only being used in hearing called CBS. CBS has a weekly program When something can become this emo­ aids. We were repeatedly told to take this which airs every Sunday evening called "60 tional, perhaps Mr. Ishihara is right in his transistor and manufacture hearing aids. Minutes," which has a very high viewership contention that racial problems lie at the When we brought this new transistor back rating. This is a news program . which de­ root of the problem. to Japan, however, Mr. Ibuka, of Sony said, votes segments just under 20 minutes to var­ During the occupation era, the Americans "There is not much potential in hearing ious stories and opinion from around the built fences and stayed inside and didn't aids, let's make a new transistor and build whole world. More than 10 years ago, I was mingle too much with the Japanese people. radios." At this point, we put all our ener­ on the program. This is a program that This created an unpleasant atmosphere. gies each day in developing radios which takes a lot of money to produce. A crew fol­ Now, however, there are no occupation used transistors. One of our researchers lowed me around Europe for about 6 zones and we are at peace, we must behave during this development effort, Mr. Esaki, months to prepare the segment. appropriately and associate with each other. subsequently went to work for IMB where Now they want me to do another one. A If we do make efforts in the direction I he earned a Nobel Prize, but it was at our cameraman followed me to London, and have indicated to establish a framework company where he did work worthy of the when I went to Singapore, they followed me where Japan bashing politicians are reward­ Prize. There are a number of Japanese who there too. The other day, a famous and ed by fewer votes for their efforts, there is have received the Nobel Prize, but Esaki was beautiful interviewer in the U.S., Dianne no doubt that political pressure will be ex­ the only one who worked for a research labo­ Sawyer, came to Japan to interview me for erted to the point where there can be no re­ ratory of a company. We poured money into the program. We spent a long time in front duction in frictions between the countries. development of new transistors, and devel­ of the TV cameras, and the questions grew Thus, it is my way of thinking that Japan oped small radios for the market, an effort sharper. This made me mad and at the end, must take the kind of action this situation that was worthy of the Nobel Prize. it was like we were in a fight. calls for. It was an American company, however, She asked me what I thought of Lee Ia­ who made the first transistor radio. I cocca. Since this is a program he would be AMERICA ITSELF IS UNFAIR Japan Has Not Forced Its Sales on the U.S. On the other side of the question, howev­ The America Which Closes Its Eyes to Its When I go to foreign countries, I hear er, there are certainly aspects of Japan Own Unfairness, and Criticizes Japan that Japanese work too much. But why is which are "unfair" when viewed from the The more I hear Americans bellowing working too hard so bad? Our society U.S. perspective. When you consider what complaints that Japan is unfair, the more I cannot continue to eat unless we keep pro­ Japan has done for the world in the course would like them to calm down and think. An ducing products. People have to have prod­ of its becoming the second largest economy, example is a harsh exchange between ucts in order to live. They use golf clubs, I think this is an area where Japan is in line myself and the U.S. Secretary of Commerce. and drive automobiles. If they want these for some critical reflection. It was a coincidence, but at a time when products and do not wish to import them, Recently, since the time of Prime Minister Commerce Secretary Verity visited Japan, they must manufacture them. I am a busi­ Takeshita, Japan has been making enor­ there had been an agreement for an Ameri­ nessman. I am not forcing my customers to mous efforts to become the second most can company to participate in the second buy things from me. We expend our ener­ open country in the world for trading. The phase construction at Haneda International gies on how to make our products most at­ long boiling problems over beef and citrus Airport. Verity was. in Japan, and his mis­ tractive to the customer. imports were gradually resolved through ef­ sion included offering his thanks for this The Americans say that there is a U.S.­ forts directed at these problems. However, deal. However, I threw some cold water on Japan trade imbalance, and it is not because from the perspective of Americans, Japan him by saying that this would be the only Japan is not buying U.S. products or be­ still has not done what it should do. I am time I would permit such a big commotion cause Japan is forcibly selling the products. not saying we should put more money in de­ over such an issue. There are few things in the U.S. that Japa­ fense spending, but if we are not to exceed The U.S. Congress had been criticizing nese want to buy, but there are a lot of 1% of GNP on defense, then the govern­ Japan for having a "closed" market in large things in Japan that Americans want to ment should put a lot more money into Of­ construction projects. In fact, however, buy. This is at the root of the trade imbal­ ficial Development Assistance Brazil. One of the con­ ago, the French did not recognize Japanese ny did not even name the responsible per­ cerns on the Japan side is that Nippon literature at all. They did not think it had sons. They say that it is better to prevent a Cargo Airlines Taiwan and Ko.rea. high technology began studying the Japa­ tigation by the Japanese police, there were The most profitable rights went to the U.S. nese language and started reading modern four Boeing employees who should have in this agreement too. In the midst of all Japanese novels. been further pursued to assess their respon­ this, Japan cannot get the right to fly a They recognized that modern Japanese sibility. The U.S. side acknowledges this. cargo aircraft in and out of Chicago. literature was indeed quite interesting. It The Boeing accident was nothing more While points of origin are limited by land ·was not their masters of literature or trans­ than a worker's mistake-it happened well space, Japan is restricted to just three lators who pointed this out, but the intelli­ before the crash. There was no follow up points, Tokyo, Nagoya, and Osaka. America gencia who were coming from scientific after the crash except to say that the main­ can fly to Japan from 19 airports. Looking backgrounds. tenance operations were sloppily done. at the number of flights, according to a In any case, I do not think we should While the specifications had called for three study made in November of 1988, Japan had stand still and agree that outside of litera­ thick divider walls to be tightly bolted on, it 204.5 and the U.S. 371 passenger flights, and ture, we are still nothing but imitators as just was not done. 60 cargo flights for Japan versus 170 for the the Americans say. It is time that Japanese Bolts had been placed on the left and U.S. This is really unfair of· the U.S. to be take pride in their own spontaneous creativ­ right, but they did not reach through the party to the U.S.-Japan Aviation Treaty ity and march forward. three sheets, just to the second one. This which gives it so overwhelming of an advan­ Sony developed the transistor and took it caused a serious weakening of the aircraft tage. to the U.S. market and changed the way strength. This tells the story of the low American specialists are well aware of this Americans thought. In other words, they level of the people who are performing the situation, so they do not want to engage in ripped apart the immutable principle of one maintenance. further negotiations. This type of situation radio per each family. The concept of Despite the fact that they are employees continues while the U.S. makes selfish as­ making radios a personal appliance was of the Boeing Corporation, a world-class sertions. nothing other than an exhibition of creativ­ manufacturer of aircraft, it would still take I explained to the Secretary that since the ity on the order of that shown by Colum­ 7 years to re-educate them. This is a story U.S. maintained that attitude, it was at bus. which could not be comprehended in fault. The Secretary said he knew nothing The bountiful creativity of the Japanese Japan's industrial circles. of these matters. I pointed out to him that is not something which can only be seen in The United States wants everyone to buy we couldn't even begin talking about getting a few of the elite, but something which can American-made semiconductors, and these negotiations started if he knew nothing be broadly witnessed across the board in the are even being used in Japan, but the about these matters. general citizenry. number of defective ones is amazingly high. An official from the State Department Japanese technology has found its way to When we complain, the answer is: Japan is was accompanying the Secretary on his the very heart of the world's qiilitary forces. the only country that is complaining, visit. He was an honest guy, and told the I think this the product of the integration nobody else has any complaints. It leads me Secretary that the Treaty was indeed of our creativity. to think that there is no hope for the U.S. unfair. Secretary Verity became troubled. It Even if you have one creative genius, The manufacturing· .defect rate in the was a very strange atmosphere between the unless you can produce the product of his United States has improved somewhat re­ Commerce Secretary and the official from creativity in a factory, it will not come to cently, but it is still 5 to 6 times higher than the State Department, standing there in anything. It takes a large number of excel- that in Japan-it used to be 10 times higher. November 13, 1989 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28613 The report by the task team in the Penta­ tect company profits. These laid-off workers The current popular idea that everyone gon also admits this. have nothing to do with poor market condi­ belongs in the middle class and the wealthy To contrast this with Japan, I would like tions. are suspect may undermine the very basis of to insert the following episode. American corporate executives are of the a free economy. The Liberal Democratic This is an episode illustrating the excep­ opinion that it is a corporate right to pursue Party, however, tends to accept this tional knowledge and decision making capa­ maximum profits and that fired workers premise, as put forth by the opposition for bility of one female employee of the Kuma­ should be able to live on their savings. How­ the sole purpose of parliamentary manipu­ moto plant of Nippon Electric Corporation ever, people do not work for wages alone. lation, which is a shame since they have a South Africa and Afghanistan on human enterprise must be protected. While an un­ will land comfortably on his feet, thanks to rights issues; however, I must ask Amercians bridled pursuit of personal gain is not ideal, his golden parachute. As an example of an if they are applying these same standards to those who have created new business extreme case of such, a friend of mine mis­ their own workers. through extraordinary effort and who have managed his company while he was its American corporations hire workers right made this contribution to society, should be chairman. The company failed, but he and and left and build new plants all over when­ rewarded financially to a certain extent as his wife are leading a luxurious life, some­ ever the market is bullish, in an attempt to this will provide encouragement to young thing that would never happen in Japan. maximize their profits. Yet once the tide people, motivating them to follow their This man has simply played the American shifts, they lay off workers simply to pro- dreams and create new industries. game. He had no real intention of remaining 28614 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 13, 1989 with that company in any case; he was only profit making institutions. However, Japa­ "company." In my mind, it is a group of working to maximize his personal income nese managers have developed a concept people conforming where interests are during that time. which, in essence binds the company, work­ shared. I must point out that in the Ameri­ I have been involved in a number of joint ers and management, into a community can interpretation of company, this concept venture projects in America. I make every with a common fate or destiny. I have ex­ does not exist. It is my firm conviction that effort to improve my joint. venture situa­ plained to American corporate managers man is created equal, irrespective of color of tions. I want to close the deal as quickly as that in Japan, once an individual is hired, skin or nationality and it is natural that my possible whenever we are involved in sub­ he has been hired for life and unless he concept of company includes the employees stantial capital investment. When we spend commits some serious offense, the company of my overseas Sony operations. My Califor­ capital on facilities investment, we are enti­ cannot fire him. Americans want to know nia plant opened in 1972, initially with 250 tled to tax benefits. I like to utilize the how in the world we are capable of operat­ employees. Soon after the plant opened, we extra profits generated by these tax bene­ ing profitably. I say that since a Japanese were hit with the worldwide oil crisis, which fits to get rid of debt service. Whenever I company is a community bound together by caused a recession. The California plant was suggest that, my partners ask "why do we a common destiny, like the relationship be­ not immune to this development and the fa­ have to sacrifice our profits for people in tween a married couple, all must work to­ cility lost business and was unable to sup­ the future?" gether to solve common problems. port its 250 employees. For me, the most critical objective is to This concept of a fate-sharing community The '·president of . Sony America was, of make the company healthy and free of debt might sound particular to Japan. However, course, an American and he came to me service, hoping that our successors will do recently, it appears to have had some saying that there was no other choice but to the same for their successors by availing impact on American corporations, which are whatever profits we get from repaying the lay off some of the employees. I refused his showing interest in the Japanese corporate proposal, telling him that I would take the debt, while my joint venture partners feel management system. They seerri anxious to that their personal gains should not be so responsibility for possible losses in order to absorb some of the positive elements of the retain the employees. We sent capital from sacrificed. They have no intention of re­ Japanese system. maining with these companies for very long the Japanese headquarters to sustain the When I find ·an employee who turns out to 250 person work force for some time. During and so they want to increase their personal be wrong for a job, I feel it is my fault be­ income by maximizing disposable company this period, there was not enough work to cause I made the decision to hire him. Gen­ keep everyone busy, so we developed educa­ profits in the short run. erally, I would invest in additional training, For example, they moved production fa­ tional programs, out of which grew not only education, or change of duty, even perhaps a sense of appreciation, but also a real emo­ cilities to Singapore or Japan when the US sending him overseas for additional experi­ dollar was high because they could not tional involvement with the company. They ence. As a result, he will usually turn out to began to feel that the plant was their home, expect to maintain high profits when pro­ be an asset in the long run. Even if the posi­ ductions costs were high. and began to clean and polish the facilities, tive return is only one out of every five, that and take care of their work sites on their This is the case in the semiconductor in­ one individual's productivity will cover the dustry as well. Production has been moved own. These people became the central core losses incurred by the other four. It is a of the California plant, which now employs out of the US, leaving production primarily greater loss to lose that one productive with Japan. This has deprived America of 1,500 people. They don't even talk about person than to maintain the presence of the unionizing themselves. American unions are the capacity for anything other than 256 bit four incompetents. chips. It is cheaper and easier to buy them basically industrial, which means that there In a fate-sharing corporation, one capable are always active union leaders from outside from Japan, rather than dealing with ex­ individual can easily carry a number of pensive, · unionized workers in America. who attempt to unionize our plant. Our other not-so-capable individuals. The confi­ workers had tee-shirts made, with their own These very same business executives have dence of Japanese employees in their com­ been blaming the trade imbalance and the money, saying "WE DON'T NEED THE pany, knowing that he is employed for life, UNION." Japanese trade surplus for their difficulties means that he will develop a strong sense of while at the same time choosing to import The United Kingdom has a unique law dedication to that company. For these rea­ which unionizes every company. Sony UK is these products from Japan. Japan has not sons, Japanese corporate executives are anx­ forced them to buy its products, but it no exception. Yet some of our women union i.ous to train their employees well, as they members insisted, in an interview on the cannot begin to catch up on orders placed will be their successors. by American firms. BBC, that their union is different than As the chief executive officer, it is my re­ other, ordinary ones. This is a positive dem­ A Japanese Corporation is a Community sponsibility not only to pursue profit, but Bound Together by a Common Destiny onstration of the feeling that we all share also to create a community where those I the same fate, no matter where we are in The fundamental principles which govern have employed can complete their careers the world. a Japanese corporation are basically differ­ 20-30 years from now with the feeling that In the U.S. and UK, most employees never ent from those of an American corporation, he had truly made a good life with the com­ have even seen their top executives. When I from the view-point of both executives and pany. go to one of our plants, I normally mingle workers. Japanese company employees know that with the employees and eat together with The structure of pre-war Japanese corpo­ they are members of a community bound to­ them in the company cafeteria. This helps rations bears some resemblance to American gether by a mutual fate for which they bear in developing communication and trust. It corporations today to the extent that the the hardships of today in anticipation of a may be a bit difficult to expect the same re­ president could fire anyone at his discretion. better future. There are many company sponse from foreign employees, but it is still A variety of labor activities were implement­ presidents today in Japan who at one time the best approach. The Japanese system is ed to meet such situations. Taxes were low or another served as union leaders. This fact not completely applicable to the American and executives were leading comfortable makes present union leaders feel that they system of course. Yet patient demonstration lives, able to have company stock allocated, too may, sometime in the future, move into to show that the company truly wishes to assuring themselves of a comfortable retire­ management positions within their compa­ protect their interests, even when business ment. A top executive was able to buy a ny, and therefore their long term interests is at its worst, will show results. People tend house with just one bonus. By the time he are closely tied to the company. They do to develop trust under these circumstances. retired, he could have several houses for not pursue short term, myopic profits for The best thing a company can do is to treat rental, which alone would have ensured a the immediate future. When the company its employees as dignified human beings. luxurious life. proposes a plan to save a certain portion of After the war, General MacArthur profits for facility investment or to pool for The Japanese Approach Can Be Used changed Japanese labor laws as well as tax the following year, unions may well be will­ Worldwide laws, among other things, w.hich put Japa­ ing to make compromises, because they European corporations appear to be treat­ nese business executives in a different situa­ know that the future of the workers is tied ing their employees more humanely than tion. First, they were now unable to fire em­ to the future of the corporation. I would their American counterparts, although they ployees at their discretion, not even to like to ask presidents of American corpora­ are still far from the concept of lifetime em­ reduce the size of their labor force. At times tions if they ever heard of any American ployment. Large corporations do not hesi­ a company must reduce the size of the work union leaders who have become heads of tate to lay off employees whenever business force if it cannot afford to keep them or if corporations. Japanese executives have a is down; they even close operations without they are unproductive. categorically different corporate philosophy notice or sell out, treating employees as if When I first found that American compa­ than do American executives, who are more they were tools or equipment. nies can hire and fire and rehire at will, I anxious to demonstrate profitability to There is also obvious class discrimination wondered perhaps if Japanese companies please stockholders. I have asked Americans within companies. Engineers, for example, were more charitable organizations than what, in their minds, is the meaning of wear white collars, stay in their offices, and November 13, 1989 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28615 seldom show up in the factories. They want ations. America after the era of Reaganom­ may today be purchased anywhere outside to tell workers what to do, rather than don­ ics is now responding to the trend with new Japan, and so are not a matter of friction ning blues and showing them. In my compa­ Bush Administration policies. In response, between the US and Japan. Products recent­ ny, all workers wear the same uniforms. I Japan should now begin to make it a habit ly developed in Japan are not as easily ob­ also wear the same uniform, not only in the to say no when its position is clearly nega­ tained elsewhere. There are some things plants, but also at company headquarters. tive. It is the rule in the West to say "no" that can only be found in Japan and Japan All our plant managers do the same. Those whenever one's position is clearly negative. cannot be blamed for over exposing. Those who are in training have been instructed to We are in a business environment where who say otherwise simply do not know the walk through the plant frequently, estab­ "well" or "probably" have no place in facts. lishing personal contacts with the workers. normal business conduct. I have been saying Computer terminals are in short supply at Those who become foremen or section man­ "no" to foreigners for the last thirty years. present and are being rapidly developed in agers are encouraged to hold brief meetings Clearly, the Japanese Government has Japan. Japan should let America know each morning with their subordinates to missed many, many opportunities to say what the situation is and make the US real­ read their mood and detect problems in ad­ "no." ize that the relationship between the two vance. They are instructed to talk with Take the auto trade issue, for example. nations is increasingly mutually dependent. those who seem ill or depressed, to find out America forced Japan to limit its auto ex­ My purpose in advocating saying "no" is if they need medical care or if they are ports to two million units per year under to promote that awareness. "No" is not the having family or personal problems. Should the guise of voluntary restrictions. When beginning of a disagreement or a serious ar­ this be the case, they should be allowed to the American market became more lucra­ gument. On the contrary, "no" is the begin­ take time off and deal with these problems tive, and the number of imported cars could first, while the other workers cover for have been increased, American auto manu­ ning of a new collaboration. If Japan truly them. This also helps the sense of together­ facturers demanded that the quota be tri­ says "no" when it means "no" it will serve ness among workers. · pled. MITI and the Prime Minister gave in as a means of improving the US-Japan rela­ On the occasion of 20th and 25th anniver­ to American demands. tionship. saries of Sony America, my wife and I vis­ In my opinion, this was a great mistake. National Characteristics Which Make It ited all our American plants, gave talks, had Both the MITI minister and the prime min­ Difficult for the Japanese to Say "No" dinner with our employees and shook hands ister at that time should have taken the po­ The question arises as to who should say of all our workers. Since at some plants we sition that the American demands were "no?" Japan's Confucian background makes had three shifts, we had dinner three times unfair. The Big Three had already increased is very difficult for its people to say "no" in one day, with the night shift taking their their profits enormously and individuals within the context of normal human rela­ turn at 4:00 a.m. I told everyone that we such as Lee Iacocca and Roger Smith were tionships. In a traditional hierarchy, subor­ greatly appreciated their contributions receiving more than a million dollars each dinates dare not say "no" to higher ups which helped make the 25th anniversary a in bonuses. They simply demanded special without violating normal courtesy. The celebration and shook everyone's hand. I treatment in order to increase profits from higher up take a "no" from a subordinate as was able to feel their response even phys­ the Japanese imports which they sold under insubordination. In a staff relationship, ically. These employees told me that this their company brands when they requested "no" is something to be avoided in order to experience was something they never would that the quotas be tripled. That was the maintain smooth human relationships. have had in an American company. I felt time for Japan to have said "you are being Living in a homogeneous society since our Japanese approach was not foreign to hypocritical, criticizing others as unfair childhood, we Japanese have grown up them at all. when in fact what you are demanding is without practical experience in quarreling One episode made me particularly happy. what is really unfair.'' The timing was cru­ and fighting in a heterocultural environ­ I visited one of our rather small laborato­ cial; unless one registers opposition or nega­ ment. Many of us feel that eventually other ries, and said that I wanted to meet all of its tive reaction at precisely the right time, people will understand our true feelings on members. The head of the lab asked if he Americans take the situation for granted an issue without verbalizing them. In short, could take my picture. He took his camera and later insist that they were right as no we expect a lot when it comes to mutual un­ from his desk drawer and took me to each opposition was registered at the time of the member of his staff, introducing me to him demand. This has always been the case in derstanding. Americans may go directly to or her and taking our picture as we shook the past. their boss to offer an explanation whenever hands. There were almost 80 people at this The trade imbalance is another case they feel they are not properly understood. facility and he promised to make a print for which should be scrutinized as to whether Japanese, on the other hand, even if they each person. I was surprised that this .typi­ or not American demands are based on fact feel they are not properly understood, cally Japanese activity was taking place in a and reality. I once asked Americans to inves­ remain hopeful that they will eventually be facility where there were no Japanese! tigate what Americans had been importing understood or that the truth will reveal There again, I felt that we are all basically from Japan. itself sooner or later. They do the same with the same, irrespective of national and cul­ American imports from Japan are mostly foreigners in foreign countries. They feel tural differences. products which require a high tech capacity that sincerity and effort should automati­ Our style and our efforts have a ripple to produce. Many of these products fall into cally be reciprocated. In my mind, this can effect and make other members of our com­ the area of military procurement, but it is happen only in Japan, but never in foreign pany feel the Sony spirit. I am not saying true that even the private sector is buying countries. Wordless communication and te­ that whatever style and customs we have Japanese products which are technological­ lepathy will just not happen. developed are automatically good and ac­ ly indispensable. Even some of the inexpen­ I admit that I may be more westernized ceptable everywhere. What I am emphasiz­ sive home electrical appliances may be ob­ than most Japanese, since I believe that we ing here is that the basic attitude of a cor­ tained from Japanese manufacturers within should be more straightforward as we poration and its philosophy can be under- · a short time frame if they require high become closer, and that a serious quarrel stood worldwide, and certain aspects of Jap­ technological skills in the production proc­ need not destroy a friendship. This ·may not anese tradition and style can be rooted over­ ess. be accepted in a traditional Japanese rela­ seas. America has left the production responsi­ tionship; we avoid serious confrontation by On the other hand, I recognize fully that bility with Japan, resulting in a heavy de­ turning away from the cold facts. Instead, certain aspects of American business admin­ pendency upon Japan. American politicians we tend to make loose compromises. It is istration, such as numerical and analytical only talk about the results of this situation, quite simply our tradition not to say "no" to operations, are excellent as we have sent blaming Japan for the trade deficit to get our friends. many individuals from our company to votes. Yet it seems that these same politi­ We should not expect to find a similar un­ American business schools to learn such cians don't even know specifically what it is derstanding from foreigners concerning this matters. Combining good traditions and that America buys from Japan. If they took particular Japanese mentality. It is too easy practices of both the Japanese and Ameri­ the time and made the effort to seriously in­ to expect understanding of one's opposition can systems will, I believe, make for a very vestigate the matter, they could not con­ without using "no." I could say it is a Japa~ strong corporation. demn Japan so out of hand. nese defect to expect something without using the rational verbal procedures. LET'S BECOME A JAPAN THAT CAN SAY NO Japan should tell America that it may buy these quality products irrespective of the If you stay silent when you have a par­ exchange rates, even when the US dollar ticular demand or an opposing position to Saying "No" Actually Represents a falls to the 100 to 1 ratio. Artificial manipu­ express, the other party will take it for Deepening of Mutual Understanding lation of the exchange rate does not benefit granted that you have no demands or oppo­ It is inevitable that Japanese companies the American economy. Such products as sition. When you close your mind to the have been establishing American oper- transistors, which Sony originally marketed, outside, remaining in a uniquely Japanese 28616 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 13, 1989 mental framework, you will be isolated in of that card-perhaps our ace. My frustra­ New Mitsubishi designed jet fighters this modern, interdependent world. tion stems from the fact that Japan has not, equipped with Russian engines may only LET'S NOT GIVE IN TO AMERICA'S BLUSTER so far, utilized that powerful card in the have a top speed of 95% of existing F-15 at the time of the nese manufacturer who developed the idea Litton Mission to Manchuria to observe Jap­ Lockheed scandal during the Nixon Admin­ into reality, thanks to Japanese advanced anese activities there in relation to the Man­ istration? Otherwise, Japanese leaders who high technology. chukuo Incident. hold such high cards should be able to play Russian fighters are also equipped using I talked with members of Congress in this them in dealing with American demands. Japanese know-how, especially in the areas tense atmosphere, and I did not feel they The FSX, the next generation of fighters, of ceramics and carbon fibers. Special paints were conducting matters on a rational basis. developed by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries on American reconnaissance planes which Some Congressmen were actually brandish­ during the Nakasone era, has become an­ assist in avoiding radar detection are also ing sledgehammers, smashing Toshiba elec­ other source of controversy in the U.S. as it made in Japan. tronic equipment, with their sleeves rolled relates to defense matters. Further develop­ Shocked by the high standards of the up. It was just ugly to watch them behave ment of the FSX appears to be quashed by FSX, I guess that the US pressured Mr. Na­ so. the U.S. I am unaware of any deals made kasone, probably citing his earlier commit­ I commented at that time that the U.S. under the table, but there is considerable ment on technology. His submission to Congress is too hysterical to trust. Their fnJ,stration in Japan over the matter. American pressure eventually caused the faces turned red in anger and they demand­ Mitsubishi Heavy Industries is a conglom­ mothballing of the FSX, to be replaced by ed an explanation. I told them: "Look-only erate with a wide variety of technology used future projects of a joint US-Japan develop­ a few decades ago you passed the Prohibi­ in manufacturing advanced products. The ment plan. In November 1988, the two gov­ tion Amendment. No sincere Congress chief engineer there is a contemporary of ernments signed an agreement that set the would ever pass such irrational legislation." mine who developed the most advanced course for the joint development of the They all just grinned at me in response. land-to-air missile. He is also the man re­ FSX; an agreement which leaves many un­ Yet I must admit, that it was Japan who sponsible for the design of the next genera­ solved problems at the industry level. aggravated the semiconductor issue to such tion fighter and he believes that Japan One of the manufacturers involved, Gen­ a low level, by not saying "no" on the appro­ should have its own capacity to provide eral Dynamics, was very anxious to assume priate occasions. such equipment, which of course astonishes the initiative on the project, dividing it up After he was elected to a second term, Mr. Americans. among others. It met with resistance from Nakasone promised America that Japan The FSX is a marvelous and formidable Mitsubishi, and General Dynamics came up would avail highly strategic technology fighter. No existing fighter, including the F- with a plan that would separate the devel­ without giving adequate thought to the sig­ 15 and the F-16 can match it in a dog fight. opment of the left and right wing-a very nificance of that kind of commitment. The I recall when the Secretary of Defense peculiar approach. strongest card, which he should have Weinberger became serious about quashing In short, America wants to steal Japanese played, was virtually given away free to the FSX Japanese development plan, strict­ know-how. They cannot manufacture the America. He probably wanted to impress ly out of fear. most technologically advanced fighters America, hoping for a tacit reciprocity from Unfortunately, Japan has not yet devel­ without advanced ceramic and carbon fiber a thankful U.S. Unfortunately, it was only oped a powerful enough jet engine, al­ technology from Japan. That is why Amer­ Mr. Nakasone who recognized the value of though I advocated such development while ica is applying so much pressure, attempting that card at the time. Both the Liberal I was a member of the Upper House. Japan to force Japan to come to American terms. Democrats and opposition parties over­ still must purchase jet engines, which are Some of Japan's industry representatives looked the significance of this issue. I mounted on the F-15 and F-16. If America appear willing to deal with the Americans assume that the leaders of those parties, gets really nasty, Japan could buy engines under the table, probably with the good in­ such as Takeshita, Miyazawa and Abe did from France, which is quite anxious to tentions of smoothing US-Japan relations not know it either. It is such a pity that export military equipment . If issue. We must be persistent to the maxi­ gy capabilities. · France is reluctant to sell what we need, I mum degree. If America does not appreciate In reality, Japanese technology has ad­ would not mind going to the Soviet Union, a rational division of labor on the project, vanced so much that America gets hysteri­ although the quality of the Russian engines we should discontinue the project and start cal, an indication of the tremendous value is not particularly impressive. all over from scratch. November 13, 1989 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28617 The joint development idea is a legacy of Former minister of agriculture Sato is a THE U.S. AND JAPAN ARE "INESCAPABLY the Reagan-Nakasone era. Both men are good friend of mine, but his advocacy of INTERDEPENDENT" (Morita> now out of power and we can retract the food security is becoming diminished. Inevi­ No Way To Avoid the Trade Frictions whole thing and tell the US that we have tably, mutual dependence is becoming more Recently the expression, "inescapable decided to develop our own project without and more a reality in our world today. interdependence" has been heard quite its participation. It is our choice. We must America was not even able to place a ban on often among Americans. If we dare to ex­ bluff to counter American bluff, otherwise exports of grain to the Soviet Union when plain this concept in a more extreme way, we will continue to be the loser. the Russians invaded Afghanistan. There perhaps we can say it's a "fatal attraction". I brought this subject up the other day to would have been too much pressure from With this trend now prevailing in the world, Mr. Nakasone. He responded: "Well you had American farmers. If that is the case, it we have no choice but to live cooperatively. a pretty sharp interest in that issue at the would probably be practically impossible to Everyone on earth, not just the United time." I said that I was "probably the only put a ban on agricultural exports to Japan. States and Japan, is mutually dependent one concerned about the issue at the time." The rice issue has its sentimental aspects in and this is unavoidable. This is the times Mr. Nakasone then insisted that he made Japan as well as its practical aspects, which that we are facing now. What does coopera­ the decision to compromise in order to make the overall issue more complicated. tion mean? maintain good US-Japan relations. He also Yet it is obvious that we must liberalize the A Japanese tends to say, "Let's work to­ admitted that America was then already market. Such is also true of construction gether." But I often wonder whether they very much afraid of further Japanese tech­ projects. It is inevitable that we allow for­ really understand its meaning. This can be nological advances. Well, compromise is eign construction firms to participate in applicable to Americans, as well. We are at fine, but in reality this was not a compro­ Japanese public construction projects. Japa­ home using this expression but it seems to mise: it. was a sell-out-a simple sell-out of only be used as a convenience. Furthermore Japan's interests. nese general contractors have been main­ taining prices as much as 40% higher in it is out of the question to force "coopera­ I don't regret it any less when we make tion" through threats. the silly mistake of not saying "no" especial­ comparison to foreign bidders, due to bid rigging traditions to assure a monopoly on To cooperate is to maintain harmony. It is ly when we hold the strong cards. Such free­ not harmonious to force your adversary. bies are now taken for granted and America business for themselves. There is no way these practices could ever be free of foreign When they cope with you, you, too, must comes back with more bluff. On the record, cope with them. You have to give up some USTR Yeutter stated that the "application criticism. of your interest; you must abandon some­ of high pressure is the best way to manipu­ In the course of my conversation with thing. late Japan." Glen Fukushima, I asked whom among the I tell people whenever I have a chance My position may draw some criticism in Japanese negotiators he considers the best. that we know what it is to be selfish but Japan, where it probably will be said that I He immediately came up with the name of hardly anybody is aware when he himself is am playing with dynamite in dealing with MITl's Kuroda, whom the Japanese press being selfish. We say that one is selfish but America in this fashion. It goes without used to criticize for his tough positions. The actually this person probably has no idea saying that an equal partnership must be press claimed that his participation aggra­ that he is perceived as such. In this sense, carried out without humiliating pressure or vated the problems with the US. The Ameri­ Japan also can be thought a little bit selfish compromise as the result of such pressure. cans criticized him for being stubborn. by other countries, although we hardly have This is the reason I am advocating that Strangely, the American negotiator named such idea. Japan say "no." "No" is an important in­ him the most effective. He is stubborn and Looking for the reason, we are so per­ strument in the bargaining process. is able to say "no" decisively whenever he ceived, the opening of the domestic market Diplomacy should be Free of External should do so. The Americans usually try to can be one example. Everyone agrees that Pressures overpower negotiations by increasing pres­ we should open our markets to foreign trad­ ers, but when it comes to individual, this is Diplomacy which lacks the "no" factor sure. But Kuroda does not feel that he must say "yes" to American pressure. America is hard to actualize since someone says, "no, I cannot be diplomacy for the benefit of cannot accept this", and then someone else Japan. Japan has had a solid basis for a giant in many ways and, in many ways, saying "no" on many occasions. All we must Japan is a dwarf. This obvious contrast has says, "no, I cannot accept that." Although been exploited by the Americans often in at summit meetings, Japanese leaders do is play our cards wisely, playing our ace assure others that they will do their best, intelligently. Japan is very poor at diplomat­ the past. Mr. Kuroda kept pointing out that irrational pressure is not the result of and they actually do try to open the ic tactics. It is a wonder to me that Japan market. In the end, however, this is never has failed to recognize that its initiatives reason or logic, and reinforced this position by withstanding increasing pressure. His actualized since their promise goes against are instrumental in the ultimate decision domestic interest groups and they are making process inthe international arena. "no" is not a no for its own sake; he always Mr. Glen Fukushima, an American of Jap­ states his reasons. This is the proper ap­ forced to back down. Only lip-service fol­ anese descent in the office of the USTR proach and attitude in negotiations. In the lowed by no achievement might result in (Deputy Assistant USTR for Japan and past, there have been allegations that Japa­ being called "liars" and this is surely worse than "selfish." China), who was acquainted with Senator nese logic and opinions have not made any The development of communication tech­ Aquino of the Philippines while both were sense to the other side. nologies means this is a shrinking world and at Harvard, is one of the most capable Asian When the opposing side points out that any country will be left alone if it does not specialists. His wife is an intellectual Keio Japanese opinions and demands have no talk frankly to its people and friendly coun­ University graduate, who prefers to live in logical basis, all of a sudden the illogical tries about the compromises that they must Japan, forcing Glen to commute to Japan Japanese start saying "yes, yes, yes" in a accept. two or three times a month. panic. But these "yeses" do not necessarily Free people in the free world ask for their On one occasion, I had dinner with him mean yes in the sense of positive assertion. freedom but at the same time they respect and asked him what America's next Japan­ At any rate, the other side then comes to the freedom of others. And I think it is gen­ bashing scehario would entail. He replied the conclusion that Japan will not take uine freedom to think "we should abandon that the US would take up the distribution action unless pressure is placed on them. some so that we can respect others". It will issue since this cannot be rectified by Japa­ This is a rather unfortunate situation for simply increase friction if we just look out nese politicians without pressure from the the people of Japan. The Japanese image of for our own benefit, and put priority on win­ US. I hate to use American pressure in ning the race based on the premise that we order to accomplish a national objective, being soft in the face of pressure does not help Japan's diplomatic efforts at all. simply can focus on our interests alone since yet, I must admit that the distribution we are in the world of free economy. system is one of Japan's biggest headaches I have often suggested that at least half of Japan's diplomats stationed abroad be ci­ We should also recognize that friction today. There is no question that high prices seldom occurs with those who are far from in Japan are caused by the distribution vilians. Those who are in business and other professions who have dealt with foreigners you. Friction occurs as we move close. We system itself, which is made worse by Japa­ cannot escape from the trade friction as nese politicians. are in a better position to represent the in­ terests of Japan than are career diplomats. long as we belong to the world of "inescap­ There are domestic areas where we Japa­ able interdependence". nese must say "no" also, even before we say Send Mr. Morita to America as our ambassa­ "no" to outsiders. The liberalization of rice dor: a brilliant idea! But it should not be Japan's Central Role in Asi.a is one such issue. Opinions on the rice issue just an idea. I truly believe that it would be The closer we become, the harsher the sharply divide politicians such as I, whose most beneficial to the US-Japan relation­ friction can be. So it would be wise for us to constituents are urban, from those repre­ ship to have such an ambassador from prepare for problems with neighboring senting farmers. Japan to the US. Asian countries. 28618 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 13, 1989 I went to Singapore recently to attend a conditions, it is obvious that the United Yet when the time comes, we may well ceremony marking the opening of our new States is not strong enough in a fundamen­ dare to say "no." The relationship between plant, and had a chance to talk with Presi­ tal and structural sense. So, I think what is Japan and the U.S., as Mr. Morita describes, dent Lee Kuan Yew who has been a friend most important is that we ask them frankly it is unbreakable. However, the whole world for a long time. He invited me to his home, as an equal and not as a subordinate, "Are does not exist for the sake of Japan and the we talked over the dinner and I stayed with you really sure that you are all right?" We U.S.-Japan's relationship with the rest of him. will be in trouble as will the whole world if the world does not exist only in relation to The plant our company opened this time the United States is not strong enough in or through the U.S. Should America behave in Singapore is operated automatically by the fundamentals and this means more than unreasonably toward Japan, Japan must robots. We use materials Singapore supplies talking about something current. It must be open channels to deal with the rest of the and employ able engineers graduated from recognized by Mr. Bush as well. In this world from a different standpoint than on good schools in Singapore, producing special sense, it is important for Mr. Takeshita to the basis of the U.S.-Japan relationship and parts in large numbers. The plant itself will deliver our message correctly in the coming must show that it is doing this to the Ameri­ be a foothold to supply the products all over summit. In my understanding, however, cans. the world. When I proudly, held forth my these summit meetings are held according America itself has already exhibited cer­ new plant, he was very pleased and said that to an itinerary prepared at the working tain indications that it is shifting towards a in the past when Japanese firms opened level and they decided what was supposed to closer relationship with the Soviet Union, as plants in his country, they needed a large be said by the leaders. In negotiations Alvin Toffler stated, insinuating that Japan number of employees, where they in fact among business leaders, we, top manage­ will be threatened once the U.S. establishes have never had enough personnel. Because ment hold discussions face to face, saying a more collaborative relationship with the of the nature of his country, that is, Singa­ "yes" or "no'', or "if you will do that, we will Soviet Union, similar to the case of the U.S. pore is a small island, this caused wage in­ do this." However, we have a tendency to movement toward China, which it did with­ creases at a drastic pace. This is what they prepare answers for negotiations even in out keeping Japan advised. Beyond the had wanted; a plant with sophisticated tech­ business world in Japan. Take my case, for shock of America's new relationship with nology. example. Once a chairman of a large Japa­ China, which burst forth in December 1978, Transferring our technologies, not teach­ nese firm was visiting me and I planned to there was also an astonishing high technolo­ ing management, I believe, is the best way talk with him face to face. Then, someone gy demonstration. to alleviate friction between Southeast from that office called us and asked what I I for one had a chance to observe some of Asian countries and Japan. These countries, was going to talk about when we met. "Our that demonstration. It began with a set of NICS, then NIES, are now the Four Tigers chairman is going to say such and such. satellite photos which Dr. Kissinger or Five Tigers. It might be too much to say How will you respond?" They wanted to pre­ brought to China. At the time, Viet Nam that they developed thanks to the Japanese pare all answers beforehand. I do not think was engaged in a military conflict with economy and industrial technologies, but I we need to have meetings if the content is China, subsequent to the fall of the Saigon believe we contributed to them in such a planned beforehand. I want Mr. Takeshita government in April 1970 and the Cambodi­ way that contributed to their current pros­ to say correctly how we, Japanese, see the an war. The Sino-Vietnamese war was reck­ perity. From now on, Japan will need to present situation in the United States and lessly provoked by Deng Shao Ping, chief of take a major role in Asia. You already are tell them clearly what we want them to do. staff in China. In the initial encounters, able to see this is happening when you rec­ I think we should tell them, "please do not China was severely defeated. The real power ognize that Tokyo has taken on a major role cling to the image that you are the super­ behind Viet Nam was the Soviet Union. The as a finance and money center like New power, but rather look for the way to get Soviets provided Viet Nam with detailed sat­ York and London. your economy on the road to recovery. We ellite photos illustrating the movements of In the past, we yearned to go to New York should tell them, "we are going to back up the Chinese military, the number of soldiers when we were young. Similarly, the youth your dollar, so face the fact and issue yen­ and divisions, the number of tanks unloaded of Southeast Asia yearn to visit Tokyo or bonds, for example, as Carter Administra­ at Kuang Tong station and which direction Disneyland in Japan. I should avoid the ex­ tion issued pound-bonds." Americans have all these troops took. Taking advantage of pression, "leadership", but Japan has begun to abandon the idea, such as, "our federal the superior information available to them, to assume that role as a center in Asia. obligations do not bother us since we can as provided by the Soviet Union, Viet Nam To take on the role as an initiator means print more green backs." They have to was able to lure Chinese troops deep into we must also be able to take on the role of change the way they think about their own the mountains, then destroyed them with arbitrator. That is, we must think carefully economy. To this end, we Japanese must de­ anti-tank missiles. This miserable battle was what constitutes a real leadership role in liver the message "if you cannot make both all recorded by American satellites, which this mutually dependent world. ends meet, we cannot either." We must do Dr. Kissinger presented to the Chinese with America, You Had Better Give Up Certain this even if it takes time to make them un­ the comment "what a silly war you people Arrogance derstand. have conducted." As you States needs Japan as well. It is a bond we mist and eventually it was covered by a can never cut, and this might be the "fatal Restrain America! dense fog. The Russians exploited this cli­ attraction" between us. Since we can never When the time comes when Japan does matic assistance, surrounding the island separate, we had better look for the way to say "no" decisively on a particular issue, with tanks and opening a salvo. At dawn, develop through cooperation a healthy rela­ there may be a dramatic reaction. It should there were a great many dead Chinese tionship through cooperation. And we want come as a shock to the Americans, and a troops. The Russians landed their tanks, to ask you Americans, "what is going on number of different reactions would be pos­ rolling over the dead, wounded, and living, now in your country? Do Americans really sible. Even now, some Americans suggest reducing all to nothing. understand the meaning of 'freedom' and the possible physical occupation of Japan in The Americans showed clear pictures of the role of Japan which is so necessary to case Japan engages in semiconductor trade the events, illustrating what had taken the United States?" When you see present with the Soviet Union. place using satellite pictures, a great demon- November 13, 1989 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28619 stration of the combination of technology tion he has stated on a number of occasions. sensus. From both a financial and a techno­ and intelligence gathering. China was Poor Japanese politicians have never stud­ logical point of view, there are no barriers shocked and disturbed that it could not ef­ ied these issues systematically and therefore to accomplishing this goal in the near fectively counter a situation like that as can never provide a rebuttal to American al­ future. We can develop a more effective and they simply did not have access to the tech­ legations. Americans, for their part, seem to efficient defense capability at less than we nology required. They listened to the Amer­ have emotional and intellectual difficulties are paying today. icans, and agreed to the development of a in admitting to changes and new develop­ In reality, the abrupt cancellation of the bilateral relationship with the U.S. on ments. security treaty is not feasible. But it is a dip­ American terms. America had played its A Pentagon task force sent a warning on lomatic option and a powerful card. Out­ high tech card quite effectively. electronics, with particular emphasis on right refusal to consider such an option The normalization of relations with semiconductors, those who have nothing to means giving up a valuable diplomatic card. China, by-passing Japan, set a precedent worry about but Japan. America is very seri­ The fact remains that we do not necessarily and provided a basis for other such threats ously concerned about losing power of any need the security treaty and a security to Japan by the U.S. America can bluff kind to Japan. Some Americans have been system which will meet Japanese needs, can Japan by indicating that it can develop a raising their voices in advocation of an in­ be built by Japan alone. similar relationship with the Soviet Union, creased Japanese defense capacity. This Both the right and left on this issue tend without consultation, so that Japan would may be a worthwhile suggestion. We should to become fanatical on the security treaty be less needed within the framework of U.S. overhaul our current defense system, al­ debate. It is most regrettable that we do not global strategy. But Japan has a similar though I am not advocating an abrupt cut­ · have a cool and rational forum where the card to play, to counter the American bluff. ting of ties with the U.S. We have accepted objective profit and loss aspects of the issue Some of Japan's business leaders have this absurd defense formula consisting of can be analyzed. But the time will come long had an interest in Siberian develop­ three defense forces. This system must be ment, which now appears to be a realistic when we will have to face this issue and this completely overhauled to suit present reali­ time is in the near future. possibility. Some of them are of the opinion ties, including a much greater deterrent ca­ that Japan could go neutral, revoking the The current state of the Liberal Demo­ pacity, exploiting our high technology to cratic Party means that it cannot afford a U.S.-Japan Security Treaty, if the Soviets the maximum. We should develop the most will return the northern islands, granted serious deliberation on this issue. Once the persuasive and demonstratable deterrent opposition parties disassociate themselves that Japan would be given the right to de­ formula which would, without any doubt, velop Siberian resources. from a one-sided pro Russian and Chinese show our adversaries that any attack on policy and demonstrate their capacity to be This may be a realistic choice from the Japan will end with unbearable damage to Soviet point of view since some critical tech­ able to replace the LDP as alternative politi­ the aggressor from both a strategic and a cal parties fully recognized by the voters, we nologies such as linear technology are avail­ tactical viewpoint. able from Japan. The U.S. simply does not will be in the position to examine our op­ Production and maintenance of escort tions with greater flexibility. have them. Japan had better start sending ships which can only exhaust their missiles some signals of its own to America. My and ammunition within a few minutes, and Japan Should Live in Harmony With Asia American friends comment that my behav­ then sit and wait for death is absurd. Par­ Japanese popular songs are heard all over ior in the U.S. is too provocative; I feel that ticipation in RIMPAC with such equipment Asia these days; it reminds me of the time · more of us should speak out like this more makes no sense. RIMPAC has nothing to do when the Japanese became so interested in often. with the concept of active defense. American pop music, which, at the time, Japan could have the Soviets formally re­ In a lecture that the Defense College of conditioned our psycho-emotional base so quest Japan's linear technology. The Japan, the commander of the US 7th Fleet that post-war Japan evolved into a con­ COCOM would claim that it is illegal for declared that it is 100% unlikely that Soviet sumer-oriented society. Structurally, there Japan to provide this technology. Japan forces could land on Japanese territory. must be similar powers during such social would then mount a public relations cam­ This is honest- but stupid-comment. Some phenomena and I wonder what it is today. paign, appealing to the rest of the world time ago, we invited a famous Israeli tank As a matter of fact, it has always been that the use of its linear technology is division commander named Tam . SD-430 uled, and any cancellations or changes SD-419 Special on Aging in the meetings as they occur. Special on Aging To hold hearings to examine how indi­ As an additional procedure along To hold hearings to examine the effects viduals, hospitals, States, and govern­ with the computerization of this infor­ of drug abuse on the elderly in urban ments from various countries attempt mation, the Office of the Senate Daily and rural settings. to purchase prescription drugs in the SD-628 United States at a fair and reasonable Digest will prepare this information 1:30 p.m. for printing in the Extensions of Re­ cost, and to determine how successful Small Business their efforts have been. marks section of the CONGRESSIONAL To hold hearings on the nomination of SD-628 RECORD on Monday and Wednesday of Kyo R. Jhin, of Maryland, to be Chief 10:00 a.m. each week. Counsel for Advocacy, Small Business Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Any changes in committee schedul­ Administration. Business meeting, to mark up S. 648, to ing will be indicated by placement of SR-428A grant additional authorities to the Se- November 13, 1989 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28625 curities and Exchange Commission to NOVEMBER 17 NOVEMBER 20 take certain actions in a market emer­ 9:00 a.m. 10:00 a.m. gency, large trader reporting of pro­ Commerce, Science, and Transportation Commerce, Science, and Transportation gram or block trades, and to facilitate Communications Subcommittee To hold hearings on H.R. 3000, to pro­ coordinated clearing mechanisms and To continue oversight hearings on the vide standards for the manufacture practices in the s~curities markets, S. implementation of the Cable Telecom­ and sale in interstate commerce of cer­ 566, to provide for a revitalized nation­ munications Act

29-059 0-90-26 (Pt. 20)