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The Personality of Lady V/Inohelssa As The personality of Lady Winchelsea as revealed in her poetry Item Type text; Thesis-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Barondess, Jeanette Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 06/10/2021 16:22:53 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/553146 The Personality of Lady v/inohelssa as Revealed in Her Poetry ' tf Joan Barondeas Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requlresento for tho degree of / x 'vf-. - " ':-v mx-. ••••■•, ; • ■ : , Master of-Artsv -/.■ in the College of Letters, Arts, and Soienoee, of the Univoroity of Arizona 1932 j , i . < 2 / ^ . K'T £ 979/ 7 9 3 2 V 2^ The writer wishes gratefully to acknowledge her indebtedness to Dr. Solve, whose valuable assistance made this essay possible. She also takes this opportunity of thanking Professor Pattison, Professor Perry, and M s s Dudley, under whom it was her privilege to study at the University of Arizona. 85717 Bibliography Cowl, R • P • • Theory Of Pootry Macmillan & Co * London, 1914. Dictionary Of National Biography Vol. XIX Macmillan Hew York, 1889. Bowden, B. W. Easaya Modern And Elizabethan J. M. Dent & Sons Ltd. London, 1910 B. P. Dutton & Go. Hew York, 1910. Encyclopaedia BritXanioa Vol .23 1 ^ ^ Hew York, 1929. Ginger!oh, S. P. Bsaaya On Romantic Poets Macmillan Co. ~~ Hew York, 1924. Goose, E. W . Seventeenth Century Studies Dodd, Meade & Go. Hew York, 1897. A History Of Eighteenth Century Literature Macmillan & Co. Hew York, 1889 Gossip In A Library C. Scribner's Sons New York, 1914. Legouis, E. H. History Of English Literature : Macmillan & do. Hew York, 1927. Lewisohn, L. A Modern Book Of Criticism Modern Library New York i Lowea, J . L. Convention And Revolt In Poetry “ itoughton, Miiilin & Co. Boston & Hew York, 1919. The Road To Xanadu “ Houghton, Mifflin & Go. Boston & Hew York, 1927. Milton, J . Paradise Lost 3ambridge Edition Houghton, Mifflin & Go. Boston, 1899. Saintabury, G • History Of Criticism " London, 1902 Looi Critic! Ginn & Go• Hew York, 1903. Seurat, D* Milto n. Man And Thinker i. Maoreagh (The Dial Press) Hew York, 1925. Seboyar and Brosiua Readings In Biropean Literature Croft & Go. Hew York, 1929. Shaokford, M. A. A First Book Of Poetloa B. Sanford & Co. Chloago, 1919, Shairp, J . C • Poetlo Interpretation .Of Ha tore Houghton, Mifflin & Go. Boston, 1898. Solve, M. T • Shelley Chicago University Press Chicago, 1927• Stedman, E. C. nature And Elements Of Poetry Houghton, Mifflin & Co. Boston & Hew York, 1893. Stephen, Sir L. English Literature And Society In The Eighteenth Century Ford Lectures, 1903• Duckworth & Co. London, 1904 Stephen, Sir 1. History Of English Thought In The Eighteenth Pentory Third Edition G, Putnam*8 son’s Hew York, 1902 Hours In A Library new edition 6« Butnan's sons Hew York, 1899 Strong, A• T. Eature In Wordsworth And Meredith Oxford University Press H. Milford London, 1921. Ward, T. H. English Poets. Vol. III. Macmillan & Go, London & Hew York, 1891 - 1918. Winohelaea, Anne, Countess of Poems Edited with Introduction hy Myra Reynolds University Of Chicago Press, 1903 Poems Edited by John Middleton Murry London, 1928 . Woolf, Virginia Common Reader Haroourt, Brace & Co. Hew York, 1926. outline T • Introduction : Am 3oopo of treatment Be Surrey of orltloal evaluation of her work 0# Sketch of lady WInohelaea'a life 11# Salient foaturoo of \70rl: A# Social aspects !• Attitude on writing 2. Znowledgo of Court life 3. Contemporary life 4 . Religion 5. Woman 6 • love 7• "us 1c 8, Humor 9. Towns Be Romanticism 1. Introduction 2* Death 2 . night 4. 'fountelne and Sea 6. Sentimentality 6, Unknown C* Love of Nature Is Introduction 2» General Character of nature observation 3e Birds 4s Trees 6s Odors 6s Nature in subordination to L!an 7 s Spiritual kinship with Wordsworth Ills Conclusion mscmucTioif SCOPE OF THEATL11HT Strange indeed are the ways of Destiny 1 Hidden away in one of the lovely rural sections of England lived a poetess named Anne Finch, who, at the age of fifty- four, heoame Countess of Winohelsea. It was not until al­ most the end of her life that the English reading world be­ came aware of her existence. There was a brief flicker of fame, and then the dust of oblivion settled down and com­ pletely covered up traces of her memory. Suddenly, after the passage of almost a century. Fate called upon a famous poet to make a sweeping and somewhat inaccurate statement, and thereby restore to posterity one of tho most interesting and delightful women that have ever emerged from the musty archives of literature. For, in 1815, in an essay attached to the Lyrical Ballads. Wordsworth declared that "excepting the Wooturnal Reverie of Lady Winohelsea, and a passage or two in the Windsor Forest of Pope, the period intervening be­ tween the publication of the Paradise Lost and the Seasons does not contain a single new image of external nature, and scarcely presents a familiar one from which it can be in- 2 ferrad that the eye of the Poet had been steadily-fixed upon his object, muoh less that his feelings had urged him to work upon it in the spirit of geniune imagination."(1) It was thanks to this misstatement, which omitted to take cognisance of Gay’s Shepherd Week and Rural Sports, and the Irish poet Parnell’s Hightpieoe and Content­ ment. that an interest in the work of lady Winohelsea was awakened. For students of literary history, Ar- delia’s contribution had a particular significance. They recognised in her a very vital and important factor as one of the earliest links that connected the pseudo-classic period of Dryden and Pope with the romantic revival. Oonnoleseura of poetry admitted the wrong done to the neglected memory of lady winohelsea, and all testified to the need and desirability of collecting a com­ plete edition of her poems, but no steps were taken to achieve this result• Finally, in 1903, the honor of such a volume seemingly fell to Myra Reynolds of the University of Chicago. But Professor Dowden in 1910 revealed that the com­ plete edition is still to be collected. Misa Reynold’s erudite and scholarly work will undoubtedly endure as an excellent foundation for further study in a field where the slightest effort yields pleasure. Her essay occupies itself 1. Poetry And The Poets, by R. Brimley Johnson, p. 240 —3— . mainly with establishing lady winohelsea's importance as a nature poet, and oho touches only briefly on other charac­ teristics disclosed by the verses. It is chiefly,upon a close analysis of tendencies in Lady Winohelsea’s poems, of which the nature poems form only,a part, that this essay seeks to make a point of departure from Mies Reynold’s very admirable work. Even a most euperfielal glance at the verses will reveal that there are many angles of appeal, not only for the student but for the general reader. The themes inelmde those old * universal topics which have occupied the mirids and hearts of men from the beginning of time. Briefly stated, they are death, love, change of fortune, birth, the swift-fading of beauty, the relations of the sexes, religion, eeeial conditions, the position of woman, education, nature, the vanity of earthly ambition, parentage, illness of loved ones, fables, drama, royalty, solitude, jealousy, hate, sor­ row, the animal world, and many others, To variety of mood is joined variety of subject matter, indicating a woman of many interests. One cannot read vary much of Lady Winohelaea’s poetry without being convinced that she possessed an unusual personality. She had a profound capacity for feeling and thinking united to a gentle, loving nature, and a firmness of character which enabled her to maintain not only a olear. outlook on life, but an independent attitude toward all the questions that agi- . tated her day. 4' It Is the personality of Lady \7inohelaea, 68 rovonled in hor poems, v/hioh this paper wishes to study* By oxamining closely the varied aspects of her poetry, wo hope to enlist the reader's Interest and attention in a songstress who is a genuine sou roe of pleasure to oil who read her linos• SURVEY OF CRITICAL EVALUATION OF HER WORK Wordsworth's statement regarding Lady Winohelsea, and his emphasis upon her treatment of external nature had a very distinct effect in shaping the direction in which interest in her versos was manifested* This con­ sisted almost entirely in the reading of her nature poems, which hegen making sporadic appearances in British antholo­ gies. Such a result was only too natural, in view of the poet's authoritative pronouncement. But, oven though so distinguished an au­ thority as Wordsworth had championed the cause of Lady fin- ohelsoa, or Ardalia, as she preferred to bo called, still, the interest in her poems was confined mostly to The Woo- turnal Reverie, the one example which the poet had cited. If, however, ArDelia's admirers wore United in number, they were decidedly conspicuous as to quality and eminence in the literary world * They included s:'Oh outstanding names as Nicholas Rowe, who, in his Epistle go Flavia, admiringly calls her a "divine nymph" and declares "ahs is the only rival of Pindar short of.the colostial choirs". In gratitude for these high praises Ardelia wrote the prologue to Rowe's play Jane Shore. Jonathan Swift (1) oommenta most sympathe­ tically upon the succession of Mr.Hencage Finch, Ardelia'a husband, to,the depleted estate of the Earl of Rinchelaea.
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