DOCSLIB.ORG

Life History and Population Genetic Structure of Sea Stars from the Family Asterinidae

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Life History and Population Genetic Structure of Sea Stars from the Family Asterinidae LIFE HISTORY AND POPULATION GENETIC STRUCTURE OF SEA STARS FROM THE FAMILY ASTERINIDAE by Carson Keever BSc. University of California Davis 2004 THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Department of Biological Sciences © Carson Keever 2010 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY Fall 2010 All rights reserved. However, in accordance with the Copyright Act of Canada, this work may be reproduced, without authorization, under the conditions for Fair Dealing. Therefore, limited reproduction of this work for the purposes of private study, research, criticism, review and news reporting is likely to be in accordance with the law, particularly if cited appropriately. APPROVAL Name: Carson Keever Degree: Doctor of Philosophy Title of Thesis: Life history and population genetic structure of sea stars from the family Asterinidae. Examining Committee: Chair: Dr. Chris Kennedy, Professor ______________________________________ Dr. M. Hart, Professor, Senior Supervisor Department of Biological Sciences SFU ______________________________________ Dr. A. Mooers, Professor Department of Biological Sciences SFU ______________________________________ Dr. F. Breden, Professor Department of Biological Sciences SFU ______________________________________ Dr. B. Crespi, Professor Department of Biological Sciences SFU ______________________________________ Dr. E. Elle, Professor Department of Biological Sciences SFU Public Examiner ______________________________________ Dr. C. Harley, Assistant Professor Department of Zoology UBC External Examiner Date Defended/Approved: December 2, 2010 ii Declaration of Partial Copyright Licence The author, whose copyright is declared on the title page of this work, has granted to Simon Fraser University the right to lend this thesis, project or extended essay to users of the Simon Fraser University Library, and to make partial or single copies only for such users or in response to a request from the library of any other university, or other educational institution, on its own behalf or for one of its users. The author has further granted permission to Simon Fraser University to keep or make a digital copy for use in its circulating collection (currently available to the public at the “Institutional Repository” link of the SFU Library website <www.lib.sfu.ca> at: <http://ir.lib.sfu.ca/handle/1892/112>) and, without changing the content, to translate the thesis/project or extended essays, if technically possible, to any medium or format for the purpose of preservation of the digital work. The author has further agreed that permission for multiple copying of this work for scholarly purposes may be granted by either the author or the Dean of Graduate Studies. It is understood that copying or publication of this work for financial gain shall not be allowed without the author’s written permission. Permission for public performance, or limited permission for private scholarly use, of any multimedia materials forming part of this work, may have been granted by the author. This information may be found on the separately catalogued multimedia material and in the signed Partial Copyright Licence. While licensing SFU to permit the above uses, the author retains copyright in the thesis, project or extended essays, including the right to change the work for subsequent purposes, including editing and publishing the work in whole or in part, and licensing other parties, as the author may desire. The original Partial Copyright Licence attesting to these terms, and signed by this author, may be found in the original bound copy of this work, retained in the Simon Fraser University Archive. Simon Fraser University Library Burnaby, BC, Canada Last revision: Spring 09 ABSTRACT Life history can influence population genetic variation by altering patterns of gamete union and dispersal. Sea stars from the family Asterinidae have evolved similar life histories multiple times in parallel including planktonic feeding larvae, planktonic non-feeding larvae, development in benthic egg masses, and viviparity. In this thesis I first examine the population genetic structure of a widespread planktotrophic asterinid sea star from the East Pacific (Patiria miniata). I use mitochondrial sequence markers to determine whether extrinsic factors such as vicariance or intrinsic properties such as dispersal mode are driving patterns of population genetic variation in this species. I then examine patterns of population genetic variation among eight additional asterinid species from Australia using a mixed species pool of genomic microsatellite markers. I use microsatellite markers to characterize the genetic variation within groups of brooded offspring associated with the unusual life histories of two live bearing asterinids from the genus Parvulastra. Lastly, I examine the evolution of life history among asterinids and use the phylogenetic relationships among species to examine the correlation between life history and population genetic structure in this group. Ultimately, I find that the degree to which intrinsic life history properties of asterinids and extrinsic factors contribute to population genetic iii variation varies among species and among clades. In P. miniata patterns of population genetic variation are influenced by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Using microsatellite markers I find that in general between-population genetic variation is high in benthic species (benthic egg laying and live bearing) relative to species with planktonic larvae and that genetic variation within populations is lower in benthic species relative to planktonic species. Lastly, I find that the degree to which phylogeny constrains the coevolution of population genetic structure and life history varies among life history characters and among- population genetic parameters. This thesis suggests that in many cases variation in life histories among a closely related group of marine species can predict patterns of population genetic variation. However, extrinsic factors can in some cases, act with or override life history characteristics in driving patterns of population genetic variation. Keywords: life history, Asterinidae, population genetics, microsatellite marker, comparative method, mating system, brooding iv DEDICATION I would like to dedicate this thesis to Lindy and John Keever, who are the most wonderful parents a girl could ask for, and who have made it possible for me to achieve my goals. v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to acknowledge all of the dedicated scientists that have come before me, who have made my research a reality and who have dedicated much of their time to the pursuit of knowledge I would like to especially acknowledge two scientists and mentors who have been an integral part of my scientific career. These include Dr. Richard Grosberg, without whom I wouldn‘t be here, and Dr. Maria Byrne, who has been a supportive and flexible mentor throughout my dissertation. I would also like to acknowledge Dr. Alan Dartnall, one of the pioneers on work in the Asterinidae, who has also been influential in my dissertation success. I would like to acknowledge and thank my senior supervisor Dr. Mike Hart for his patience and understanding throughout this process. The unbiased and unwavering guidance that he provided throughout this thesis has been instrumental in my success. I couldn‘t have asked for a better mentor! I would like to acknowledge my committee for excellent support and guidance at various stages of my studies. Their intellectual contributions were fundamental to the completion of this thesis. I would especially like to thank all of the members of FAB lab who have been so supportive as friends, mentors and peers. I would also like to thank my lab-mates in the Hart lab, Jenn and Susana, I owe them a lot for all of their help, tolerance and friendship through the years. I would like to thank various members of the Toonen lab at the University of Hawaii, especially Jon Puritz, the vi Grosberg lab at UC Davis, especially Brenda Cameron, Jason Addison, Clarissa Sabella, and Melissa Frey and the Byrne lab at the University of Sydney, especially Tom Prowse and Sergio Barbosa. I would also like to thank Christina Zackas, and Lana Roediger who helped me collect samples in Australia, Mary Sewell who helped me collect samples in New Zealand and The Moresby explorers, Shane Anderson and Jon Pierce who helped me collect samples in Haida Gwaii, and California. Finally, I would like to acknowledge my friends and family who have been so supportive throughout this process. I would especially like to thank Mike McDermid and Jenn Sunday who have been wonderful friends to me here in Vancouver; my Parents and my brother Scott, who were always willing and happy to talk about my concerns and insecurities; and to Geoff and Bodi, who are my best friends! vii TABLE OF CONTENTS Approval ...................................................................................................................................... ii Abstract ..................................................................................................................................... iii Dedication ................................................................................................................................... v Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................... vi Table of Contents ...............................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Star Asterias Rubens
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.04.425292; this version posted January 4, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. How to build a sea star V9 The development and neuronal complexity of bipinnaria larvae of the sea star Asterias rubens Hugh F. Carter*, †, Jeffrey R. Thompson*, ‡, Maurice R. Elphick§, Paola Oliveri*, ‡, 1 The first two authors contributed equally to this work *Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom †Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, South Kensington, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom ‡UCL Centre for Life’s Origins and Evolution (CLOE), University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom §School of Biological & Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom 1Corresponding Author: [email protected], Office: (+44) 020-767 93719, Fax: (+44) 020 7679 7193 Keywords: indirect development, neuropeptides, muscle, echinoderms, neurogenesis 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.04.425292; this version posted January 4, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. How to build a sea star V9 Abstract Free-swimming planktonic larvae are a key stage in the development of many marine phyla, and studies of these organisms have contributed to our understanding of major genetic and evolutionary processes.
    [Show full text]
  • Adhesion in Echinoderms
    Adhesion in echinoderms PATRICK FLAMMANG* Laboratoire de Biologie marine, Universite' de Mons-Hainaut, Mons, Belgium Final manuscript acceptance: August 1995 KEYWORDS: Adhesive properties, podia, larvae, Cuvierian tubules, Echinodermata. CONTENTS 1 Introduction 2 The podia 2.1 Diversity 2.2 Basic structure and function 2.3 Adhesivity 3 Other attachment mechanisms of echinoderms 3.1 Larval and postlarval adhesive structures 3.2 Cuvierian tubules 4 Comparison with other marine invertebrates 5 Conclusions and prospects Acknowledgements References 1 INTRODUCTION Marine organisms have developed a wide range of mechanisms allowing them to attach to or manipulate a substratum (Nachtigall 1974). Among 1 these mechanisms, one can distinguish between mechanical attachments (e.g. hooks or suckers) and chemical attachments (with adhesive sub- stances). The phylum Echinodermata is quite exceptional in that all its species, *Senior research assistant, National Fund for Scientific Research, Belgium. I whatever their life style, use attachment mechanisms. These mechanisms allow some of them to move, others to feed, and others to burrow in par- ticulate substrata. In echinoderms, adhesivity is usually the function of specialized structures, the podia or tube-feet. These podia are the exter- nal appendages of the arnbulacral system and are also probably the most advanced hydraulic structures in the animal kingdom. 2 THE PODIA From their presumed origin as simple respiratory evaginations of the am- bulacral system (Nichols 1962), podia have diversified into the wide range of specialized structures found in extant echinoderms. This mor- phological diversity of form reflects the variety of functions that podia perform (Lawrence 1987). Indeed, they take part in locomotion, burrow- ing, feeding, sensory perception and respiration.
    [Show full text]
  • Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Konan 4-5-7, Minato, Tokyo108-8477, Japan
    Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. 2016, 2 (4), 689-695; doi: 10.3329/ajmbr.v2i4.31016 Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research ISSN 2411-4472 (Print) 2412-5571 (Online) www.ebupress.com/journal/ajmbr Article Species identification and the biological properties of several Japanese starfish Farhana Sharmin*, Shoichiro Ishizaki and Yuji Nagashima Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Konan 4-5-7, Minato, Tokyo108-8477, Japan *Corresponding author: Farhana Sharmin, Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Konan 4-5-7, Minato, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan. E-mail: [email protected] Received: 07 December 2016/Accepted: 20 December 2016/ Published: 29 December 2016 Abstract: Marine organisms are a rich source of natural products with potential secondary metabolites that have great pharmacological activity. Starfish are known as by-catch products in the worldwide fishing industry and most of starfish have been got rid of by fire destruction without any utilization. On the other hand, starfish are considered as extremely rich sources of biological active compounds in terms of having pharmacological activity. In the present study, molecular identification of starfish species, micronutrient content and hemolytic activity from Luidia quinaria, Astropecten scoparius, and Patiria pectinifera were examined. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene fragment of mitochondrial DNA indicated that partial sequences of PCR products of the species was identical with that of L. quinaria, A. scoparius, and P. pectinifera. From the results of micronutrient contents, there were no great differences on the micronutrient among species.
    [Show full text]
  • The 2014 Golden Gate National Parks Bioblitz - Data Management and the Event Species List Achieving a Quality Dataset from a Large Scale Event
    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Stewardship and Science The 2014 Golden Gate National Parks BioBlitz - Data Management and the Event Species List Achieving a Quality Dataset from a Large Scale Event Natural Resource Report NPS/GOGA/NRR—2016/1147 ON THIS PAGE Photograph of BioBlitz participants conducting data entry into iNaturalist. Photograph courtesy of the National Park Service. ON THE COVER Photograph of BioBlitz participants collecting aquatic species data in the Presidio of San Francisco. Photograph courtesy of National Park Service. The 2014 Golden Gate National Parks BioBlitz - Data Management and the Event Species List Achieving a Quality Dataset from a Large Scale Event Natural Resource Report NPS/GOGA/NRR—2016/1147 Elizabeth Edson1, Michelle O’Herron1, Alison Forrestel2, Daniel George3 1Golden Gate Parks Conservancy Building 201 Fort Mason San Francisco, CA 94129 2National Park Service. Golden Gate National Recreation Area Fort Cronkhite, Bldg. 1061 Sausalito, CA 94965 3National Park Service. San Francisco Bay Area Network Inventory & Monitoring Program Manager Fort Cronkhite, Bldg. 1063 Sausalito, CA 94965 March 2016 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science office in Fort Collins, Colorado, publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics. These reports are of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Report Series is used to disseminate comprehensive information and analysis about natural resources and related topics concerning lands managed by the National Park Service.
    [Show full text]
  • Vortex Arrays and Ciliary Tangles Underlie the Feeding–Swimming Tradeoff in Starfish Larvae
    Vortex arrays and ciliary tangles underlie the feeding{swimming tradeoff in starfish larvae William Gilpin1, Vivek N. Prakash2, Manu Prakash2∗ 1Department of Applied Physics, 2Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA ∗To whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected] March 12, 2018 arXiv:1611.01173v2 [physics.flu-dyn] 13 Feb 2017 1 Abstract Many marine invertebrates have larval stages covered in linear arrays of beating cilia, which propel the animal while simultaneously entraining planktonic prey.1 These bands are strongly conserved across taxa spanning four major superphyla,2,3 and they are responsible for the unusual morphologies of many invertebrate larvae.4,5 However, few studies have investigated their underlying hydrodynamics.6,7 Here, we study the ciliary bands of starfish larvae, and discover a beautiful pattern of slowly-evolving vor- tices that surrounds the swimming animals. Closer inspection of the bands reveals unusual ciliary \tangles" analogous to topological defects that break-up and re-form as the animal adjusts its swimming stroke. Quantitative experiments and modeling demonstrate that these vortices create a physical tradeoff between feeding and swim- ming in heterogenous environments, which manifests as distinct flow patterns or \eigen- strokes" representing each behavior|potentially implicating neuronal control of cilia. This quantitative interplay between larval form and hydrodynamic function may gen- eralize to other invertebrates with ciliary bands, and illustrates the potential
    [Show full text]
  • Systematic Comparison of Sea Urchin and Sea Star Developmental Gene Regulatory Networks Explains How Novelty Is Incorporated in Early Development
    ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-20023-4 OPEN Systematic comparison of sea urchin and sea star developmental gene regulatory networks explains how novelty is incorporated in early development Gregory A. Cary 1,3,5, Brenna S. McCauley1,4,5, Olga Zueva1, Joseph Pattinato1, William Longabaugh2 & ✉ Veronica F. Hinman 1 1234567890():,; The extensive array of morphological diversity among animal taxa represents the product of millions of years of evolution. Morphology is the output of development, therefore phenotypic evolution arises from changes to the topology of the gene regulatory networks (GRNs) that control the highly coordinated process of embryogenesis. A particular challenge in under- standing the origins of animal diversity lies in determining how GRNs incorporate novelty while preserving the overall stability of the network, and hence, embryonic viability. Here we assemble a comprehensive GRN for endomesoderm specification in the sea star from zygote through gastrulation that corresponds to the GRN for sea urchin development of equivalent territories and stages. Comparison of the GRNs identifies how novelty is incorporated in early development. We show how the GRN is resilient to the introduction of a transcription factor, pmar1, the inclusion of which leads to a switch between two stable modes of Delta-Notch signaling. Signaling pathways can function in multiple modes and we propose that GRN changes that lead to switches between modes may be a common evolutionary mechanism for changes in embryogenesis. Our data additionally proposes a model in which evolutionarily conserved network motifs, or kernels, may function throughout development to stabilize these signaling transitions. 1 Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
    [Show full text]
  • Geographical Implications of Seasonal Reproduction in the Bat Star Asterina Stellifera
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by CONICET Digital ÔØ ÅÒÙ×Ö ÔØ Geographical implications of seasonal reproduction in the bat star Asterina stellifera Pablo E. Meretta, Tamara Rubilar, Maximiliano Cled´on, C. Renato R. Ventura PII: S1385-1101(13)00106-8 DOI: doi: 10.1016/j.seares.2013.05.006 Reference: SEARES 1091 To appear in: Journal of Sea Research Received date: 3 March 2013 Revised date: 16 May 2013 Accepted date: 18 May 2013 Please cite this article as: Meretta, Pablo E., Rubilar, Tamara, Cled´on, Maximiliano, Ventura, C. Renato R., Geographical implications of seasonal reproduction in the bat star Asterina stellifera, Journal of Sea Research (2013), doi: 10.1016/j.seares.2013.05.006 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Geographical implications of seasonal reproduction in the bat star Asterina stellifera Pablo E. Meretta1, Tamara Rubilar2, Maximiliano Cledón1, C. Renato R. Ventura3 1 IIMyC-Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, CONICET-UNMDP, Funes 3350, Mar del Plata 7600, Buenos Aires. Argentina. 2 Laboratorio de Bentos, Centro Nacional Patagonico (CENPAT), B. Brown 2825, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina.
    [Show full text]
  • The Sea Stars (Echinodermata: Asteroidea): Their Biology, Ecology, Evolution and Utilization OPEN ACCESS
    See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328063815 The Sea Stars (Echinodermata: Asteroidea): Their Biology, Ecology, Evolution and Utilization OPEN ACCESS Article · January 2018 CITATIONS READS 0 6 5 authors, including: Ferdinard Olisa Megwalu World Fisheries University @Pukyong National University (wfu.pknu.ackr) 3 PUBLICATIONS 0 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Population Dynamics. View project All content following this page was uploaded by Ferdinard Olisa Megwalu on 04 October 2018. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Review Article Published: 17 Sep, 2018 SF Journal of Biotechnology and Biomedical Engineering The Sea Stars (Echinodermata: Asteroidea): Their Biology, Ecology, Evolution and Utilization Rahman MA1*, Molla MHR1, Megwalu FO1, Asare OE1, Tchoundi A1, Shaikh MM1 and Jahan B2 1World Fisheries University Pilot Programme, Pukyong National University (PKNU), Nam-gu, Busan, Korea 2Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh Abstract The Sea stars (Asteroidea: Echinodermata) are comprising of a large and diverse groups of sessile marine invertebrates having seven extant orders such as Brisingida, Forcipulatida, Notomyotida, Paxillosida, Spinulosida, Valvatida and Velatida and two extinct one such as Calliasterellidae and Trichasteropsida. Around 1,500 living species of starfish occur on the seabed in all the world's oceans, from the tropics to subzero polar waters. They are found from the intertidal zone down to abyssal depths, 6,000m below the surface. Starfish typically have a central disc and five arms, though some species have a larger number of arms. The aboral or upper surface may be smooth, granular or spiny, and is covered with overlapping plates.
    [Show full text]
  • Parvulastra Parvivipara and P. Vivipara)
    Research Ideas and Outcomes 4: e29766 doi: 10.3897/rio.4.e29766 Research Article A note on life-history traits and conservation concerns for viviparous Australian seastars (Parvulastra parvivipara and P. vivipara) Kiran Liversage‡§, Maria Byrne ‡ Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Tallinn, Estonia § The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia Corresponding author: Kiran Liversage ([email protected]) Reviewed v1 Received: 14 Sep 2018 | Published: 11 Oct 2018 Citation: Liversage K, Byrne M (2018) A note on life-history traits and conservation concerns for viviparous Australian seastars (Parvulastra parvivipara and P. vivipara). Research Ideas and Outcomes 4: e29766. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.4.e29766 Abstract The asterinid seastars Parvulastra parvivipara and P. vivipara share atypical viviparous reproductive modes that have made them of interest for research on life-history evolution and population genetics. This article briefly reviews life-history traits of these endemic Australian species and information on distribution and rarity, as well as providing some additional new analysis. Almost exclusive self-fertilisation has led to extreme genetic poverty in both species and viviparity limits dispersal potential causing relatively small geographical ranges. There is some evidence that the number of intertidal boulder-fields harbouring P. parvivipara, and the overall geographical range, may have become reduced in recent years. In addition, approximately 25 % of boulder-fields with P. parvivipara have been colonised by invasive oysters (Magallana gigas). To understand potential effects of oysters on P. parvivipara, we tested for correlations between P. parvivipara abundances and cover of oyster encrustations that included this invader (native + non-native oyster shells were assessed together because they produced similar encrustations and largely could not be differentiated).
    [Show full text]
  • Transcriptomics Reveals Tissue/Organ-Specific Differences in Gene Expression in the Starfish Patiria Pectinifera Chan-Hee Kima
    1 Transcriptomics reveals tissue/organ-specific differences in gene expression in the starfish 2 Patiria pectinifera 3 4 Chan-Hee Kima, Hye-Jin Goa, Hye Young Oha, Yong Hun Job, Maurice R. Elphickc, and Nam Gyu 5 Parka,† 6 7 aDepartment of Biotechnology, College of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, 45 8 Yongso-ro, Nam-gu, Busan 48513, Korea 9 bDivision of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture (IEFA), College 10 of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea 11 cSchool of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS 12 UK 13 14 15 †Corresponding author: Nam Gyu Park, Department of Biotechnology, College of Fisheries Sciences, 16 Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro, Nam-gu, Busan 48513, Korea, Telephone: +82 51 17 6295867, Fax: +82 51 6295863, e-mail: [email protected] 1 18 Abstract 19 Starfish (Phylum Echinodermata) are of interest from an evolutionary perspective because as 20 deuterostomian invertebrates they occupy an “intermediate” phylogenetic position with respect to 21 chordates (e.g. vertebrates) and protostomian invertebrates (e.g. Drosophila). Furthermore, starfish 22 are model organisms for research on fertilization, embryonic development, innate immunity and tissue 23 regeneration. However, large-scale molecular data for starfish tissues/organs are limited. To provide a 24 comprehensive genetic resource for the starfish Patiria pectinifera, we report de novo transcriptome 25 assemblies and global gene expression analysis for six P. pectinifera tissues/organs – body wall 26 (BW), coelomic epithelium (CE), tube feet (TF), stomach (SM), pyloric caeca (PC) and gonad (GN). 27 A total of 408 million high-quality reads obtained from six cDNA libraries were assembled de novo 28 using Trinity, resulting in a total of 549,625 contigs with a mean length of 835 nucleotides (nt), an 29 N50 of 1,473 nt, and GC ratio of 42.52%.
    [Show full text]
  • A Systematic Revision of the Asterinid Genus Aquilonastra O'loughlin
    Memoirs of Museum Victoria 63(2): 257–287 (2006) ISSN 1447-2546 (Print) 1447-2554 (On-line) http://www.museum.vic.gov.au/memoirs/index.asp A systematic revision of the asterinid genus Aquilonastra OʼLoughlin, 2004 (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) P. M ARK OʼLOUGHLIN1 AND FRANCIS W.E. ROWE2 1Honorary Associate, Marine Biology Section, Museum Victoria, GPO Box 666, Melbourne, Vic. 3001, Australia ([email protected]) 2Research Associate, Australian Museum, Sydney, NSW, Australia ([email protected]). Private address: Beechcroft, Norwich Road, Scole, Diss, Norfolk, IP21 4DY, U.K. Abstract OʼLoughlin, P. Mark and Rowe, Francis W.E. A systematic revision of the asterinid genus Aquilonastra OʼLoughlin, 2004 (Echinodermata: Asteroidea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 63(2): 257–287. The Indo-west Pacifi c Aquilonastra OʼLoughlin is reviewed. Eleven species are retained in Aquilonastra: A. anomala (H.L. Clark); A. batheri (Goto); A. burtonii (Gray); A. cepheus (Müller and Troschel); A. corallicola (Marsh); A. coronata (Martens); A. iranica (Mortensen); A. limboonkengi (Smith); A. minor (Hayashi); A. rosea (H.L. Clark); A. scobinata (Livingstone). Asterina lorioli Koehler is reassigned to Aquilonastra. Thirteen new species are described: A. byrneae; A. colemani; A. conandae; A. doranae; A. halseyae; A. marshae; A. moosleitneri; A. oharai; A. richmondi; A. rowleyi; A. samyni; A. watersi; A. yairi. The four subspecies of Asterina coronata Martens are junior synonyms: Asterina coronata cristata Fisher; Asterina coronata euerces Fisher; Asterina coronata fascicularis Fisher; Asterina coronata forma japonica Hayashi. The 13 fi ssiparous Red Sea specimens described by Perrier as Asteriscus wega are the syntypes. Asteriscus wega Perrier is a junior synonym of Asterina burtonii Gray.
    [Show full text]
  • Parks Victoria Technical Series No
    Deakin Research Online This is the published version: Barton, Jan, Pope, Adam and Howe, Steffan 2012, Marine protected areas of the Flinders and Twofold Shelf bioregions Parks Victoria, Melbourne, Vic. Available from Deakin Research Online: http://hdl.handle.net/10536/DRO/DU:30047221 Reproduced with the kind permission of the copyright owner. Copyright: 2012, Parks Victoria. Parks Victoria Technical Paper Series No. 79 Marine Natural Values Study (Vol 2) Marine Protected Areas of the Flinders and Twofold Shelf Bioregions Jan Barton, Adam Pope and Steffan Howe* School of Life & Environmental Sciences Deakin University *Parks Victoria August 2012 Parks Victoria Technical Series No. 79 Flinders and Twofold Shelf Bioregions Marine Natural Values Study EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Along Victoria’s coastline there are 30 Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) that have been established to protect the state’s significant marine environmental and cultural values. These MPAs include 13 Marine National Parks (MNPs), 11 Marine Sanctuaries (MSs), 3 Marine and Coastal Parks, 2 Marine Parks, and a Marine Reserve, and together these account for 11.7% of the Victorian marine environment. The highly protected Marine National Park System, which is made up of the MNPs and MSs, covers 5.3% of Victorian waters and was proclaimed in November 2002. This system has been designed to be representative of the diversity of Victoria’s marine environment and aims to conserve and protect ecological processes, habitats, and associated flora and fauna. The Marine National Park System is spread across Victoria’s five marine bioregions with multiple MNPs and MSs in each bioregion, with the exception of Flinders bioregion which has one MNP.
    [Show full text]