Programme and Abstracts of the International Conference Networks in the Global World 2014 Bridging Theory and Method: American, European, and Russian Studies

St. Petersburg 2014

CONTENTS

INTERNATIONAL SUBMISSIONS AND PRESENTATIONS 4 CONFERENCE CONCEPT 5 PROGRAM AND LOCAL ORGANIZING COMMITTEES 6 KEYNOTE AND INVITED SPEAKERS 7 CONFERENCE SCHEDULE 11 VENUE PLAN 12 DETAILED PROGRAMME 15 KEYNOTE SPEECHES AND INVITED TALKS 19 WORKSHOPS & SEMINAR 23 PAJEK FOR BEGINNERS: FROM DATA TO MEASURES AND VISUALIZATIONS 23 THE BASICS OF SOCIAL NETWORK ANALYSIS WITH UCINET 23 ANALYZING SOCIAL MEDIA NETWORKS WITH NODEXL 24 EXPONENTIAL RANDOM GRAPH (P*) MODELING AND NETWORK DYNAMICS 25 SEMINAR: HOW CAN NETWORK ANALYSIS BE USED BY GLOBALLY OPERATING PRACTITIONERS? 25 SESSIONS 27 NETWORKS IN SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND INNOVATION 27 WORDS AND NETWORKS 31 NETWORK PERSPECTIVES ON KNOWLEDGE, COMMUNICATION, AND CULTURE 35 NETWORK ANALYSIS OF POLITICAL AND POLICY-MAKING DOMAINS 43 SOCIAL MOVEMENTS AND COLLECTIVE ACTION AS NETWORK PHENOMENA 49 PRACTICAL INFORMATION 53

3 INTERNATIONAL SUBMISSIONS

INTERNATIONAL PRESENTATIONS

4 CONFERENCE CONCEPT

The primary goal of the NetGloW conference series is to bring together networks researchers from around the globe, to unite the efforts of various scientific disciplines in response to the key challenges faced by network studies today, and to exchange local research results – thus allowing an analysis of global processes. It is also crucial for us to support junior researchers’ orientation in the complex landscape of network science, and to encourage applications of network analysis by practitioners. The first NetGloW conference, subtitled “Structural Transformations in Europe, the US and Russia”, took place in St. Petersburg on June 22-24 2012 and brought together more than 150 scientists, political practitioners and business representatives from all around the world. The conference bore a pronounced interdisciplinary character: involving sociologists, philosophers, culture researchers, management specialists and economists. All were responding to the challenges created by structural transformations in the US, Russia and Europe, transformations which are themselves catalyzed by the growing importance of networks in the present day world. The discussions were focused on knowledge and innovation networks, academic networks, networks in policy and culture, as well as networks in virtual space. The idea of the 2014 event is to discuss the key current issues and problems of linking theoretical and methodological developments in network analysis. Moving from theory to methods and applications one can consider networks as a useful metaphor, providing plenty of opportunities for theoretical speculations, many of which are very difficult to operationalize. Graph theory allows analysts to build various theoretical models, yet those models are not always suitable for the theoretical design. Reliable and relevant network data are either difficult to obtain or – in the case of Big Data – hard to screen and handle. Moving reversely from methods to theorizing, it can be seen that the complex mathematical core of network analysis methods and their applications are difficult to use for theory developers who often have no mathematical background. Network data collected in numerous fields of application for network research, as well as usage of the existing network analysis techniques and network metrics calculation, do not always provide clear evidence for grounded theoretical generalizations. This is particularly the case for the most intensely developing areas of network research, like communication and knowledge networks, sociosemantic networks, online networks, culture and identity networks, science and technology networks, organizational and innovation networks, economic networks, policy networks, civil society and social movement networks. These rapidly growing thematic fields of network studies experience a gap between the theoretical ideas they generate, and the sophisticated analytical methodology that is being produced by network analysts. Thus, there is a need for thorough reflection on the process of relating theories to methods. Which methods in network analysis should be used to test certain theoretical ideas; how should specific metrics be interpreted with regard to theoretical constructs developed in the field; which data should be considered when dealing with particular theoretical concepts? – These are the questions NetGloW’14 conference sets out to answer. Deriving from this work, it is crucial to support students and practitioners in selecting proper tools and techniques when they apply network analysis in their areas of studies and practice.

5 PROGRAM COMMITTEE

Jana Diesner – University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA Loet Leydesdorff– University of Amsterdam, Netherlands Thomas Valente – University of Southern California, USA Mario Diani – University of Trento, Italy Wouter de Nooy – University of Amsterdam, Netherlands Johanne Saint-Charles – University of Québec at Montreal, Canada Marc Smith – Connected Action Consulting Group, USA

LOCAL ORGANIZING COMMITTEE

Nikita Basov – St. Petersburg State University, Russia Vera Minina – St. Petersburg State University, Russia Alexandra Nenko – NRU Higher School of Economics – St. Petersburg, Russia Tetiana Kostiuchenko – National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, Ukraine Elena Belokurova – European University at St. Petersburg, Russia Anisya Khokhlova – St. Petersburg State University, Russia

6 KEYNOTE AND INVITED SPEAKERS JANA DIESNER University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA

Jana Diesner is an Assistant Professor at the iSchool (a.k.a. Graduate School of Library and Information Science) at the University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign. Jana conducts research at the nexus of network science, natural language processing and machine learning. With her work, she aims to advance the understanding and computational analysis of the interplay and co-evolution of information and socio-technical networks. She develops and analyzes methods and technologies for extracting information about networks from text data and considering the substance of information for network analysis. In her empirical work, she studies networks from the business, science and geopolitical domain. She is particularly interested in covert information and covert networks. Jana earned her PhD from Carnegie Mellon University, School of Computer Science. She has taught the “Words to Networks” workshop over 20 times at various institutions, and also teaches courses on Social Computing, Network Analysis and Digital Humanities. For more information about Jana see http://people.lis.illinois.edu/~jdiesner/.

LOET LEYDESDORFF University of Amsterdam, Netherlands

Loet Leydesdorff (Ph.D. Sociology, M.A. Philosophy, and M.Sc. Biochemistry) is Professor Emeritus at the Amsterdam School of Communications Research (ASCoR) of the University of Amsterdam. He is Honorary Professor of the Science and Technology Policy Research Unit (SPRU) of the University of Sussex, Visiting Professor of the Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (ISTIC) in Beijing, and Visiting Professor at the School of Management, Birkbeck, University of London. He has published extensively in systems theory, social network analysis, scientometrics, and the sociology of innovation (see for a list of publications at http://www.leydesdorff.net/list.htm). With Henry Etzkowitz, he initiated a series of workshops, conferences, and special issues about the Triple Helix of University-Industry-Government Relations. He received the Derek de Solla Price Award for Scientometrics and Informetrics in 2003 and held “The City of Lausanne” Honor Chair at the School of Economics, Université de Lausanne, in 2005. In 2007, he was Vice-President of the 8th International Conference on Computing Anticipatory Systems (CASYS’07, Liège).

THOMAS VALENTE University of Southern California, USA

Thomas Valente conducts research on substance abuse prevention, treatment programs, and on the evaluation of health promotion programs. His two main research interests are network analysis and the study of social influence through social networks and program evaluation. He received a B.S. in mathematics from Mary Washington College, an M.S. in mass communication from San Diego State University, and a Ph.D. from the Annenberg School for Communication at the University of Southern California. He spent nine years at the Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health from 1991 to 2000 conducting research and teaching health communication, program evaluation, and network analysis.

7 MARIO DIANI University of Trento, Italy

Mario Diani is a professor in the Department of Sociology and social research of the University of Trento, that he joined from the University of Strathclyde in Glasgow where he held the chair of Sociology between 1996-2001. In 2010- 2012 he was ICREA Research Professor in the Department of Political and Social Sciences of the Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona. He has worked extensively on social network approaches to social movements and collective action. His book The Cement of Civil Society. Studing Networks in Localities, based on a study of the structure of civic networks in British cities, will be published by Cambridge University Press later this year. Earlier publications include Social movements (with Donatella della Porta, Blackwell, 20062), Social movements and networks (co-edited with Doug McAdam, Oxford University Press, 2003), Beyond Tocqueville (co-edited with Bob Edwards and Michael Foley, University Press of New England, 2001), Green Networks (Edinburgh University Press, 1995) and Studying Collective Action (co-edited with Ron Eyerman, Sage, 1992), as well as articles in American Sociological Review, American Journal of Sociology, Social Networks, Theory and Society, Sociological Review, Acta Sociologica, European Journal of Social Theory, Mobilization, Environmental Politics, and Information, Communication & Society. He was the European editor of Mobilization from 1997- 2005, and served in the editorial board of Contemporary Sociology (2006-2008). He is currently working on books co-authored with Dimitris Christopoulos and David Knoke (Power, Politics, and Networks, under contract at Cambridge University Press) and co-edited with Donatella della Porta (The Oxford Handbook of Social Movements, under contract at Oxford University Press), and is involved in the Cape Town Civic Network Study with Henrik Ernstson and Lorien Jasny.

WOUTER DE NOOY University of Amsterdam, Netherlands

Wouter de Nooy is Associate Professor in the Department of Communication Science at the University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and a member of the Amsterdam School of Communication Research ASCoR. His research interests focus on the ways in which people communicate and interact through the media, notably experts involved in symbolic production. For example, he investigated how literary critics take into account their peers’ judgments when reviewing books and how they reach consensus on the quality and classification of new literary authors. He is currently working on the ways in which politicians respond to each other in the media during election campaigns. His preferred method is social network analysis, in particular statistical actor-oriented models that allow modelling group processes among experts as relational and complex systems. He is an author of a book on social network analysis (Exploratory Social Network Analysis with Pajek, Cambridge University Press 2005, a revised and expanded edition was published in 2011). His papers appeared in several edited volumes and in some twenty journals including Poetics, Political Communication, and Social Networks.

8 JOHANNE SAINT-CHARLES University of Quebéc at Montreal, Canada

Johanne Saint-Charles is director of the Interdisciplinary research centre on wellness, health, society and environment (CINBIOSE) and professor at the social and public communication department of the University of Québec in Montreal (UQAM). In communication, her field of expertise focus on relationship dynamics in groups, networks and communities of practice. Most of her research is realized within the framework of an ecosystem approach to health which favours interdisciplinary research done in collaboration with groups from various sectors (government, NGOs, private, etc.) and which take into account social and gender equity. Her work has brought her to collaborate with researchers from throughout the world; among other things, she is lead researcher in two communities of practice in ecosystem approaches to health (one in Latin America and one in Canada). Part of her work within these transdisciplinary communities is to better understand the development of relationships and “common discourses” through the analysis of social and sociosemantic networks.

MARC SMITH Connected Action Consulting Group, USA

Marc Smith is a sociologist specializing in the social organization of online communities and computer mediated interaction. Smith leads the Connected Action consulting group and lives and works in Silicon Valley, California. Smith co-founded the Social Media Research Foundation (http://www. smrfoundation.org/), a non-profit devoted to open tools, data, and scholarship related to social media research. Smith is the co-editor with Peter Kollock of Communities in Cyberspace (Routledge), a collection of essays exploring the ways identity; interaction and social order develop in online groups. Along with Derek Hansen and Ben Shneiderman, he is the co-author and editor of Analyzing Social Media Networks with NodeXL: Insights from a connected world, from Morgan-Kaufmann which is a guide to mapping connections created through computer-mediated interactions. Smith's research focuses on computer-mediated collective action: the ways group dynamics change when they take place in and through social cyberspaces. Many “groups” in cyberspace produce public goods and organize themselves in the form of a commons (for related papers see: http://www. connectedaction.net/marc-smith/). Smith's goal is to visualize these social cyberspaces, mapping and measuring their structure, dynamics and life cycles. While at Microsoft Research, he founded the Community Technologies Group and led the development of the “Netscan” web application and data mining engine that allowed researchers studying Usenet newsgroups and related repositories of threaded conversations to get reports on the rates of posting, posters, crossposting, thread length and frequency distributions of activity. He contributes to the open and free NodeXL project (http://www. codeplex.com/nodexl) that adds social network analysis features to the familiar Excel spreadsheet. NodeXL enables social network analysis of email, Twitter, Flickr, WWW, Facebook and other network data sets. The Connected Action consulting group (http://www.connectedaction.net) applies social science methods in general and social network analysis techniques in particular to enterprise and internet social media usage. SNA analysis of data from message boards, blogs, wikis, friend networks, and shared file systems can reveal insights into organizations and processes. Community managers can gain actionable insights into the volumes of community content created in their social media repositories. Mobile social software applications can visualize patterns of association that are otherwise invisible.

9 Smith received a B.S. in International Area Studies from Drexel University in Philadelphia in 1988, an M.Phil. in social theory from Cambridge University in 1990, and a Ph.D. in Sociology from UCLA in 2001. He is an adjunct lecturer at the College of Information Studies at the University of Maryland. Smith is also a Distinguished Visiting Scholar at the Media-X Program at Stanford University.

PETER GROENEWEGEN VU University Amsterdam, Netherlands

Peter Groenewegen is a sociologist and Professor of Organization Sciences and the director of the Graduate School of Social in the Faculty of Social Sciences, he is a founding member of the Network Institute at the VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Current research subjects include scientific and online communities, health care and emergency management organizations. His first focus is on the networked character of organizing with an interest in the connection between semantic networks and social networks as well as on the dynamics of social networks. A second area of interest concerns the use of network tools in institutional theory. Thirdly he is interested in the methodological challenges for network research through the application of new web-based and mobile information and communication tools. In the department of organization sciences he also is leading projects that involve research in close operation between companies and public organizations mainly on tensions in organizing. He has (co-)authored around 100 publications based on various environmental management, science and organization studies. His publications appeared in Business and Society, Organization, Organizational Research Methods, Research Policy and Research in the Sociology of Organizations, as well as other journals.

DIMITRIS CHRISTOPOULOS MODUL University Vienna, CEPS-Luxembourg, Austria

Dr. Dimitris Christopoulos has worked on a diverse range of research projects publishing work on political social networks. He has extensive experience in delivering postgraduate courses on network methodology and has taught social networks in Universities across Europe including Barcelona, Bristol, Edinburgh, Essex, EUI-Florence, Milan, Roskilde and Vienna. Dr. Christopoulos is currently researching political entrepreneurship, cross-border policy networks and the effect of social media on political campaigns. He is the editor of the journal Connections, Assistant Professor at MODUL University, Vienna and a Senior Research Fellow at CEPS-Luxembourg. For his interests and publications see http://www.dimitriscc.wordpress.com

10 CONFERENCE SCHEDULE 27.06_Friday 9:00 Participants registration 9:30 Parallel workshops 11:30 Coffee break 12:00 Parallel workshops 14:00 Lunch break 14:40 Conference official opening 15:00 Keynote speech: Thomas Valente 15:30 Keynote speech: Loet Leydesdorff 16:00 Session: Networks in Science, Technology, and Innovation - 1 17:30 Coffee break 18:00 Session: Networks in Science, Technology, and Innovation - 2 19:30 Day ends

28.06_Saturday 9:00 Participants registration 9:30 Keynote speech: Jana Diesner 10:00 Keynote speech: Peter Groenewegen 10:30 Session: Words and Networks Session: Network Perspectives on Knowledge, Communication, and Culture - 1 12:30 Lunch break 13:30 Keynote speech: Wouter de Nooy 14:00 Keynote speech: Johanne Saint-Charles 14:30 Coffee break 15:00 Session: Network Perspectives on Knowledge, Communication, and Culture - 2 17:00 Free afternoon 21:00 Reception

29.06_Sunday 9:00 Participants registration 9:30 Keynote speech: Dimitris Christopoulos 10:00 Session: Network Analysis of Political and Session: Social Movements and Collective Action Policy-making Domains - 1 as Network Phenomena - 1 11:30 Coffee break 12:00 Keynote speech: Mario Diani 12:30 Session: Network Analysis of Political and Session: Social Movements and Collective Action Policy-making Domains - 2 as Network Phenomena - 2 14:30 Lunch break 15:30 Keynote speech: Marc Smith 16:00 Seminar: How Can Network Analysis be Used by Globally Operating Practitioners? 17:30 Conference closing 18:00 Conference ends

11 VENUE PLAN

Entrance 1st floor CONFERENCE HALL

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2nd floor University Cafeteria

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Room 57 Room 67 E E

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Room 78 Room 80 E E

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DETAILED PROGRAMME 27.06_Friday 9:00 Participants registration Corridor of the 1st floor 9:30 Parallel workshops Pajek for Beginners: The Basics of Social Analyzing Social Media Exponential Random From Data to Measures Network Analysis with Networks with NodeXL Graph (p*) Modeling and Visualization UCINet and Network Dynamics Instructor: Instructor: Instructor: Instructor: Wouter de Nooy Tetiana Kostiuchenko Marc Smith Benjamin Lind room 80, 4th floor room 78, 4th floor room 57, 3rd floor room 67, 3rd floor 11:30 Coffee break Corridor of the 3rd floor 12:00 Parallel workshops Pajek for Beginners: The Basics of Social Analyzing Social Media Exponential Random From Data to Measures Network Analysis with Networks with NodeXL Graph (p*) Modeling and Visualization UCINet and Network Dynamics Instructor: Instructor: Instructor: Instructor: Wouter de Nooy Tetiana Kostiuchenko Marc Smith Benjamin Lind room 80, 3rd floor room 78, 4th floor room 57, 3rd floor room 67, 3rd floor 14:00 Lunch break 14:40 Conference official opening Conference hall 15:00 Keynote speech Thomas Valente. Models for the Diffusion of Innovations Conference hall 15:30 Keynote speech Loet Leydesdorff. In Search of a Network Theory of Innovations: Relations, Positions, and Perspectives Conference hall 16:00 Session: Networks in Science, Technology, and Innovation - 1 chaired by Thomas Valente and Loet Leydesdorff Conference hall • Georg Reischauer. Operationalizing the Meaning of Innovation in Organizations: A Structuralist-Constructivist Approach • Paola Menapace. Social Networks and Morphogenetical Approach • Nadezda Kolesnik. Analysis of Multidisciplinary Theoretical Foundation for Network Form of Organization Research • Victor Blanutsa. Network Diffusion of Innovations: Idea, Spatial Model, Examples • Ignatii Telekhov. Analysis of Formation and Stability of Supply Chain Networks 17:30 Coffee break Corridor of the 1st floor 18:00 Session: Networks in Science, Technology, and Innovation - 2 chaired by Thomas Valente and Loet Leydesdorff Conference hall • Sofia Rekord. Collaboration Networks in the Baltic Sea Region: From Over-Maturity to the Next Circuit of Development • Alina Kontareva. Innovation Landscape in Kazan: Linking Research and Industry • Artur Sagdatullin. Networked-Based Innovation Models for Science, Education and Industry Successful Development • Stanistav Vlasov. Conferences Co-Participation Networks and Innovation • Anastasia Grigoryeva. The Internationalization Process of Small and Medium-Sized Companies: A Network-Based Analysis of German and Russian RFID Producers 19:30 Day ends

15 28.06_Saturday 9:00 Participants registration Corridor of the 1st floor 9:30 Keynote speech Jana Diesner. Words and Networks: Leveraging Text Data for Network Analysis Conference hall 10:00 Keynote speech Peter Groenewegen. Socio-Semantic Networks: Social Structure and Content in Networks Conference hall 10:30 Session: Words and Networks Session: Network Perspectives on Knowledge, chaired by Wouter de Nooy Communication, and Culture – 1 room 78, 4th floor chaired by Johanne Saint-Charles • Félix Krawatzek. Discursive Networks About Conference hall Youth: From Énoncés to Discursive Rules • Valeria Vasilkova and Margarita Slyusareva. • Ilya Krivonosov. Constructing Networks for Life-World Changes as Transformation of Knowledge Organization: The Case of Method Networks’ Configurations Acting Terms • Larisa Luchikhina. Knowledge Sharing in • Nikita Basov, Wouter de Nooy and Alexandra Multicultural Networks: Strengths and Nenko. Sociosemantic Networks of Weaknesses St. Petersburg Creative Communities • Liudmila Kirpitchenko. Academic Mobility and • Tetiana Stepurko. Potential of Network Opportunities for Intercultural Networks Analysis in Health Care Service Provision • Joshua Eykens. Europeanization or • Anatholiy Pronin. Law, Context, Intertext and Globalization: The Sociological Community in Hypertext Europe • Kirill Kirillov and Ksenia Koretnikova. • Tatiana Okisheva. Network in Science: Intertextuality in Acts of Law by the Example The Determinants of Topic Trending of Legal System of the Russian Federation • Irina Antoschyuk and Lilya Zemnukhova. • Alexey Mukomel. The Illegal Market for Russian Computer Scientists in the UK: Corporate Bankruptcies in Post-Soviet Russia. Diaspora Knowledge Network and its Ties to Report of Work in Progress Home Country • Sergei Koltcov and Olessia Koltsova. • Anna Tsareva. Knowledge Communities in the A Professional Community Online: Virtual Space An Analysis of Friendship, Co-Like and Co-Commenting Networks’ Structure 12:30 Lunch break 13:30 Keynote speech Wouter de Nooy. Actor-Oriented Network Models and Socio-Semantic Network Data Conference hall 14:00 Keynote speech Johanne Saint-Charles. Complex Structures for Compleх Problems: Understanding Transdisciplinary Groups Through Social and Sociosemantic Networks Conference hall 14:30 Coffee break Corridor of the 1st floor 15:00 Session: Network Perspectives on Knowledge, Communication, and Culture – 2 chaired by Johanne Saint-Charles and Nikita Basov Conference hall • Dafne Muntanyola-Saura. Ego Networks and Cognitive Social Structure: How Dancers Interact in Rehearsals • Nikita Basov and Alexandra Nenko. Emotional and Communication Networks Shaping Collective Creative Process in Artistic Communities • Konstantin Glazkov. Searching for Urban Communities in the Small Town: Network Analysis of Mental Maps • Anastasia Meylakhs-Zolotova. Remaining Safe Factors: Drug Users Egocentric Network Analysis feat. Narratives • Elena Dudysheva. Network Modeling of Remote Communication in Interuniversity Students Teams • Sergey Shirin. Network Paradigm in Research of European Educational Integration • Anna Volkova. “Humanitarian Technologies” in Network Public Administration: Challenges and Opportunities 17:00 Free afternoon 21:00 Reception Restaurant “Piter” – Mayakovskogo st. 34 (see the map in Practical Information section)

16 29.06_Sunday 9:00 Participants registration Corridor of the 1st floor 9:30 Keynote speech Dimitris Christopoulos. New Applications for Three-Mode Network Analysis Conference hall 10:00 Session: Network Analysis of Political Session: Social Movements and Collective and Policy-Making Domains – 1 Action as Network Phenomena – 1 chaired by Dimitris Christopoulos chaired by Mario Diani Conference hall room 57, 3rd floor • Anastasia Belskova. Political Networks and • Wim Hardyns. The Spatial Distribution Cooperative Games as a Way to Process of Collective Action Processes Analysis and Modeling in Public Policy • Joan Miquel Verd-Pericas. The Role of Personal • Elena Vasilieva. The Public Service as an Actor Networks in the Settlement Process of Political Networks of Ecuadorian and Moroccan Immigrants • Theodore Baird. Influence in Policy Networks: in Catalonia EUROSUR and Shaping Migration Management • Mireia Bolibar. The Role of Personal Networks Legislation in the EU in Migrants’ Social and Political Participation: • Linn Selle. A Network Approach to A Mixed Methods’ Approach Parliamentary Representation in the European • Olga Popova. Russian Network for the Study of Union Identity: the Problem of Interaction Efficiency • Dorota Skusevičienė. Who Pays for the Euro • Alexander Rozanov. Global Terrorism as a Net Zone Crisis? Explaining Crisis Burden Sharing Actor of International Relations Through Network Perspective 11:30 Coffee break Corridor of the 2nd floor 12:00 Keynote speech Mario Diani. The Logic and Method of Social Network Analysis in Social Movement Research Conference hall 12:30 Session: Network Analysis of Political Session: Social Movements and Collective and Policy-Making Domains – 2 Action as Network Phenomena – 2 chaired by Dimitris Christopoulos chaired by Mario Diani Conference hall room 57, 3rd floor • Vladimir Yakimets and Larissa Nikovsky. • Anna Gnedash and Natalia Ryabchenko. Network Analysis-Based Empowerment Types of Online-Social Networks Users: of the Public Policy Institutions: Bridging Theoretical and Methodological Base Theory, Practices and Training • Diliara Valeeva and Benjamin Lind. • Sergey Savin. Social Ecological Networks Democratization as Relational Events: as a Resource for Russian Environmental Policy Coevolutionary Sequences and the Collapse • Elena Shershneva. Local Political Network of the USSR Organization in Germany: Factors of • Francesca Ruisi. An Explanation of Political Sustainability and Challenges Recruitment in Terms of Small World Networks • Alexander Sokolov. Peculiarities of Civic • Karine Clement. Social Ties and Networks as a Network Activism in Russia Product of Mobilization Processes: Findings • Aleksandra Tsareva. Network Communication from Case Studies on Urban Grassroots in Twitter During Collective Action: Movements in Contemporary Russia Rally on 6th May in Moscow • Tamara Vlasenko. Social Networks: • Aleksandr Sherstobitov. Transformation of Nonideological Mechanism of Mobilization/ Protest Networks in Social Media to Urban Immobilization Governance Networks in Saint Petersburg, • Diliara Valeeva, Svetlana Erpyleva, Natalya Russia Savelyeva and Oleg Zhuravlev. How to Continue • Olga Filatova and Elvira Chistikova. Reputation Civic Engagement: Networks of Activists after Management Analysis of the Political Leader “For Fair Elections” Rallies in the Blogosphere 14:30 Lunch break 15:30 Keynote speech Marc Smith. Mapping the Social Media Crowd: Tools and Models for Understanding the Stream Conference hall 16:00 Seminar: How Can Network Analysis be Used by Globally Operating Practitioners? moderated by Nikita Basov Conference hall 17:30 Conference closing Conference hall 17

KEYNOTE SPEECHES AND INVITED TALKS

MODELS FOR THE DIFFUSION OF INNOVATIONS Thomas Valente, University of Southern California, USA Friday, June 27, Conference hall 15:00 – 15:30 The talk will briefly discuss the history and current thinking on diffusion of innovations theory. Models for innovation diffusion will be presented focusing on the network perspective. Specifically, peripheral and central models are presented along with agent-based models demonstrating their utility. Results from empirical studies of the diffusion of innovations will then be presented which highlight the importance of understanding both static and dynamic network properties and their influence on the rate and character of the diffusion of an international health treaty. The talk will close with a short introduction to network interventions.

IN SEARCH OF A NETWORK THEORY OF INNOVATIONS: RELATIONS, POSITIONS, AND PERSPECTIVES Loet Leydesdorff, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands Friday, June 27, Conference hall 15:30 – 16:00 As a complement to Nelson & Winter’s (1977) article entitled “In Search of a Useful Theory of Innovation,” a sociological perspective on innovation networks can be elaborated using Luhmann’s social-systems theory, on the one hand, and Latour’s “sociology of translations,” on the other. Because of the common focus on communications, these approaches can also be considered in terms of their methodological proposals and constraints. Latour, for example, focused on relations (“associations”), whereas Luhmann distinguished among three mechanisms: (1) interactions generating variation in relations, (2) organization of relations in networks (at each moment of time), and (3) the self- organization of (functionally different) codes of communication in the fluxes of relations over time. For example, political discourse is coded differently from scholarly discourse; different codes provide us with different perspectives. Thus, the system is considered as both vertically and horizontally differentiated. Luhmann’s codes are attributes to the communication and only second-order (that is, latent) variables to agency: they have the status of hypotheses that can be entertained reflexively by both participants and analysts. Consequently, one can take from Latour (and against Luhmann) that borders cannot be sharp and “translations” can therefore be expected: both human agency and discourses are able to operate “infra-reflexively.” Latour also included non-human agency as “actants,” that is, observable subjects of the communication, but the non-humans cannot communicate infra-reflexively. The three mechanisms (interaction, organization, and self-organization) imply using different methodologies and topologies: 1. Relations are observable and can be studied using graph-analytical tools (e.g., shortest distance); 2. The latent dimensions of the organization in sets of communications can be studied factor- analytically. One then assumes a vector space different from a relational network space. The relational events (or non-events) can be provided with meaning from different perspectives by (institutional) agents or other communications. Distances, for example, can be different depending on the perspective; 3. The reflexive agents and discourses under study can also provide meaning to the communications and thus one can expect that options are weighted in a hyperspace of “horizons of meaning.” A hyper-space allows for different projections that can be studied using different screens or split- screens: a system of communications can evolve in different directions (e.g., geographically, socially, cognitively).

19 A crucial factor for innovations is communicative competencies to perform translations among perspectives; for example, the perspectives of market opportunities and technological opportunities. Meaning, however, cannot be studied relationally. Nevertheless, the technological trajectories and regimes discussed in evolutionary economics can be modeled as observable time series of organized communications versus self-organized resonances among codes that operate latently as selection mechanisms. Different from the economic perspective, the sociological approach is not micro-founded in individual preferences of relations, but the networks of communication can also be supra-individual drivers. Order is organized bottom-up and historically in terms of observable relations (along trajectories), but evolutionary control by the codes as (hypothesized) selection environments can be expected to emerge. From this methodological perspective, the different theories provide us with heuristics to specify sub-dynamics that can be modeled and perhaps visualized on different screens (since operating in different spaces).

WORDS AND NETWORKS: LEVERAGING TEXT DATA FOR NETWORK ANALYSIS Jana Diesner, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA Saturday, June 28, Conference hall 9:30 – 10:00 A promising yet still under-researched area in network analysis is the meaningful joint utilization of text data and network data. We know that a) without considering the content of text data produced or shared by network participants or b) by analyzing text data and network in a disjoint fashion, we are limited in our ability to understand the effects of language use in networks. I present on our methodological and computational work on advancing a) the extraction of network data from text data and b) integrating text mining and network analysis. I put this research into an application context by discussing the lessons we learned from developing, applying and evaluating a theoretically- grounded, computational methodology and technology that facilitate the assessment of media impact in an empirical, scalable and comprehensive fashion. Besides telling a story, the goal with social justice documentaries is to motivate change in people’s knowledge and/or behavior. In this project, we are trying to answer two questions: How can we know if a documentary has had any impact, and how early in the life cycle of a project can we answer this question? We leverage a combination of text mining and network analysis methods for this purpose: assuming that documentaries are produced, distributed and watched as part of dispersed and continuously changing ecosystems that are composed of various stakeholders and information, we map and analyze networks that represent these entities, their relationships, and their evolution across time and space. Finally, I briefly introduce ConText, a publicly available tool that we have been building for this project as well as for scholars and practitioners from the (computational) social sciences and (digital) humanities.

SOCIO-SEMANTIC NETWORKS: SOCIAL STRUCTURE AND CONTENT IN NETWORKS Peter Groenewegen, VU University Amsterdam, Netherlands Saturday, June 28, Conference hall 10:00 – 10:30 Social networks research and semantic networks research have been developing as two separate traditions in the social sciences. Nevertheless, in many areas, such as social media, scientific research and communication, the content and the social structure seem to interact with each other. This calls for theorizing and measuring socio-semantic networks. I will discuss how social network analysis –focusing on structure of interaction and relations –and semantic network analysis – focusing on connections between words – each provide only a one-sided view of socio-semantic networks. Subsequently, there is a sociological challenge to understand the interaction between content and meaning creation in networks, which requires both theoretical and methodological choices related to the two different network analysis traditions. The main agenda I will follow is how these two different analytical traditions comprising the ground for socio-semantic network analysis can be combined theoretically with relevant methods. The first

20 possible approach addresses the challenge focusing on the problem of differentiation and integration of structure, content and meanings in networks by comparing semantic structures of different groups. Thus, it builds on the pre-defined groups. The second approach combines social structure of human agents and meaningful content at the same levels of aggregation. The analytical tool used is two- mode network analysis in which content and human agents are combined. This requires a theoretical notion on how concepts and people may interact in a dynamic structure. The third approach studies the dynamics of socio-semantic networks and raises questions about the role of popular concepts vs. popular actors. These three approaches are intended to enrich the current empirical research into networks by positioning meaning on an equal footing to social interaction. However, the approaches fit into different social science traditions that are sometimes at odds with each other, – and this brings new challenges to address.

ACTOR-ORIENTED NETWORK MODELS AND SOCIO-SEMANTIC NETWORK DATA Wouter de Nooy, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands Saturday, June 28, Conference hall 13:30 – 14:00 Statistical models for local network structure constitute the major development in social network analysis in the last decade. Stochastic Actor-Oriented Models (SAOM) and Exponential Random Graph Models (ERGM) have enabled researchers to test behavioral hypotheses with network data. Now, we can use both attributes of people and characteristics of their network neighborhood to predict what people do and think. In addition, we can use these features to predict with whom they relate, that is, how they create networks. Characteristics of overall network structure such as centralization and cohesive subgroups have become rather unimportant in these approaches. In the same period, the analysis of semantic networks has developed in major ways. Partly due to the easy accessibility of semantic network data from digital and digitized sources as well as availability of natural language parsing software, new techniques for semantic network analysis have proliferated. From early mapping techniques to recent factor-analytic and visualization techniques, semantic network analysis has concentrated on the overall structure of semantic nets. This is quite in contrast with the development in statistical network models. How do the two approaches relate if they relate at all? Is it possible and fruitful to apply statistical models for local network structure to semantic networks? Should actor-oriented models somehow take into account the overall structure of the social network and is the overall social structure related to the semantic net created by the people in the social network? This paper explores options for combining the two approaches and it reviews sociological theories that are pertinent to these questions.

COMPLEX STRUCTURES FOR COMPLEX PROBLEMS: UNDERSTANDING TRANSDISCIPLINARY GROUPS THROUGH SOCIAL AND SOCIOSEMANTIC NETWORKS Johanne Saint-Charles, University of Québec at Montreal, Canada Saturday, June 28, Conference hall 14:00 – 14:30 The last decades have seen the emergence of wicked problems at the intersection of health, environment and society. These non-linear and dynamic problems, for which information is sometimes uncertain, do not have clear-cut answers and can be examined from a host of seemingly incompatible perspectives, thus calling for transdisciplinary work. Many have heard this call and “transdisciplinary groups”, defined as diverse ensemble of individuals interacting on a regular basis, face-to-face or through various media around a complex social issue, have emerged. Some of these groups seem to thrive while others seem to fight more within themselves than to vanquish the problem for which they have gathered in the first place. We still don’t know much about the processes leading to the success of such an endeavor or even how to evaluate whether or not it is a “success”. Based on the postulate that the combined study of social and sociosemantic networks was a promising venue to study transdisciplinary groups, we have gathered longitudinal data from a few of these groups (for which membership varies between 40 to 150 people). In this talk I will address both

21 the theoretical and methodological challenges posed by our study especially with regards to the need of moving beyond the mere description to the identification of processes, mechanisms and meanings.

NEW APPLICATIONS FOR THREE-MODE NETWORK ANALYSIS Dimitris Christopoulos, MODUL University, CEPS-Luxembourg, Austria Sunday, June 29, Conference hall 9:30 – 10:00 Three decades ago, Thomas Fararo and Patrick Doreian proposed to develop a “theory of interpenetration” to describe social networks consisting of three distinct entities with overlapping inclusions. One example is scholars, universities, and cultural domains. Extending the familiar logic of two-mode, or bipartite, networks to a third entity increases the complexity of matrix manipulations for identifying densely connected subgroups, even when ties are restricted to between-entity relations. Tripartite analysis languished until very recently, when computer scientists began developing methods to investigate online community structures. Social scientists are also beginning to use these techniques, and we believe many more researchers would benefit from learning and applying this perspective. Our didactic paper provides a nontechnical introduction to basic concepts and terminology of three- mode network analysis. It provides numerous substantive illustrations where these methods could be applied to social network data.

THE LOGIC AND METHOD OF SOCIAL NETWORK ANALYSIS IN SOCIAL MOVEMENT RESEARCH Mario Diani, University of Trento, Italy Sunday, June 29, Conference hall 12:00 – 12:30 Social network research applied to instances of collective action and grassroots political activism has struggled with a double challenge over the years: how to turn a metaphorical use of the concept of social network into a research tool, capable of highlighting crucial social mechanisms and processes; how to go beyond the link between individual network embeddedness and individual participation in collective action, to explore broader network processes involving not only individuals or organizations and groups but also events, symbols, etc. In my talk I discuss where we currently stand on both grounds and introduce some principles that might guide a multimodal analysis of collective action networks.

MAPPING THE SOCIAL MEDIA CROWD: TOOLS AND MODELS FOR UNDERSTANDING THE STREAM Marc Smith, Connected Action Consulting Group, USA Sunday, June 29, Conference hall 15:30 – 16:00 Networks are a data structure commonly found across all social media services that allow populations to author collections of connections. The Social Media Research Foundation's NodeXL project makes analysis of social media networks accessible to most users of the Excel spreadsheet application. With NodeXL, Networks become as easy to create as pie charts. Applying the tool to a range of social media networks has already revealed the variations present in online social spaces. A review of the tool and images of Twitter, flickr, YouTube, and email networks will be presented.

22 WORKSHOPS & SEMINAR

PAJEK FOR BEGINNERS: FROM DATA TO MEASURES AND VISUALIZATIONS Instructor: Wouter de Nooy, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands Friday, June 27, room 80 9:30 – 14:00 In social network analysis, different types of data are usually combined: links between actors, which may have different values or be of different types, and characteristics of actors, which can be categorical or numerical. Pajek stores different types of data in different data structures and it visualizes different data structures in different ways, so understanding data structures is key to using Pajek. Therefore, the workshop starts with a presentation of data structures and some ways to prepare network data for Pajek, e.g., using helper programs (http://pajek.imfm.si/doku.php?id=faq:text2pajek) or a relational database. In addition, the structure of two-mode and longitudinal networks is discussed. Understanding data structures in Pajek, finding commands in the menu structure is rather straightforward and so is the calculation and storage of results for network indices. Some examples of network indices, e.g., centrality, are demonstrated as well as some visualization techniques for relatively small networks. Techniques for manipulating the network are shown, e.g., creating a subnetwork. Finally, handling very large networks up to billions of nodes with PajekXXL is discussed. The workshop assumes no prior knowledge of Pajek but some knowledge of the basic concepts and applications of (descriptive) social network analysis. If possible, bring a laptop with Pajek BE2 (http:// vlado.fmf.uni-lj.si/pub/networks/pajek/pajekBE2.exe) or the latest version of Pajek (http://pajek.imfm. si/doku.php?id=download) and your own network data (preferably in Pajek format) to the workshop. Recommended reading: Chapters 1 and 2, Appendix 1 in W. de Nooy, A. Mrvar, and V. Batagelj, Exploratory Social Network Analysis with Pajek. Revised and Expended Second Edition. Cambridge University press, 2011.

THE BASICS OF SOCIAL NETWORK ANALYSIS WITH UCINET Instructor: Tetiana Kostiuchenko, National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, Ukraine Friday, June 27, room 78 9:30 – 14:00 The workshop introduces the application of social network analysis for various research purposes using the software package UCINET for Windows offered by Analytic echnologies.T During the workshop, we will start with an overview of the basic concepts and principles of social network analysis and the particularities of the datasets which are compiled during the network study. We will proceed with training in data coding and datasets transformations in UCINET. Then, the overview of some basic measures (cohesion and centrality measures) will be given, with the ways to calculate them in the software. Finally, we will go through different approaches to the detection of network subgroups, applying several approaches (core-periphery, cliques, etc.), and proceed with the analysis of ‘roles and positions’ in the network. Some statistical tools in network analysis will conclude the workshop. We will also go through the visualization in NetDraw - the free application for UCINET, rather convenient for working with graphs of small / medium size. We will work with the datasets included in the installation package; those participants who prefer to work with their own network datasets are welcome to bring them to the workshop and work with them, though the instructor will use the datasets available for everyone when going through workshop topics. Prior knowledge of basic social network analysis concepts is desirable, but not mandatory. Please, bring a laptop with UCINET trial version installed which is free for use during 60 days after installation. Please, download the full installation package (with NetDraw and standard datasets) from here https://sites.google.com/site/ucinetsoftware/downloads or here http://www.analytictech. com, be aware of the period of the free trial use when installing the software on your laptop. In case of questions of problems in downloading and installing the software, please, contact the workshop instructor after your attendance is confirmed. 23 Handbooks on working in UCINET and NetDraw: Stephen P. Borgatti, Martin G. Everett, and Jeffrey C. Johnson. Analyzing Social Networks. SAGE, 2013. (The most recent book that includes explanations of network concepts and examples of their use in UCINET and NetDraw) Hanneman, Robert A., and Mark Riddle. Introduction to social network methods http://faculty.ucr. edu/~hanneman/nettext/ (The online handbook on working in UCINET and NetDraw, rather detailed, with examples of calculation measures and interpreting them)

ANALYZING SOCIAL MEDIA NETWORKS WITH NODEXL Instructor: Marc Smith, Connected Action Consulting Group, USA Friday, June 27, room 57 9:30 – 14:00 We now live in a sea of tweets, posts, blogs, and updates coming from a significant fraction of the people in the connected world. Our personal and professional relationships are now made up as much of texts, emails, phone calls, photos, videos, documents, slides, and game play as by face-to-face interactions. Social media can be a bewildering stream of comments, a daunting fire hose of content. With better tools and a few key concepts from the social sciences, the social media swarm of favorites, comments, tags, likes, ratings, and links can be brought into clearer focus to reveal key people, topics and sub-communities. As more social interactions move through machine-readable data sets new insights and illustrations of human relationships and organizations become possible. But new forms of data require new tools to collect, analyze, and communicate insights. NodeXL (http://www.codeplex.com/nodexl) is a spreadsheet add-in that supports “network overview discovery and exploration”. The tool fits inside your existing copy of Excel in Office 2007 or 2010 and makes creating a social network map similar to the process for making a pie chart. Using NodeXL, users can easily make a map of public social media conversations around topics that matter to them. Maps of the connections among the people who recently said the name of a product, brand or event can reveal key positions and clusters in the crowd. Some people who talk about a topic are more in the “center” of the graph, they may be key influential members in the population. NodeXL makes it a simple task to sort people in a population by their network location to find key people in core or bridge positions. NodeXL supports the exploration of social media with import features that pull data from personal email indexes on the desktop, Twitter, Flickr, YouTube, Facebook and WWW hyper-links. The tool allows non-programmers to quickly generate useful network statistics and metrics and create visualizations of network graphs. A book Analyzing Social Media Networks with NodeXL: Insights from a connected world is available from Morgan-Kaufmann. The book provides an introduction to the history and core concepts of social network analysis along with a series of step-by-step instructions that illustrate the use of the key features of NodeXL. The second half of the book is dedicated to chapters by a number of leading social media researchers that each focus on a single social media service and the networks it contains. Chapters on Twitter, email, YouTube, flickr, Facebook, Wikis, and the World Wide Web illustrate the network data structures that are common to all social media services.

24 EXPONENTIAL RANDOM GRAPH (P*) MODELING AND NETWORK DYNAMICS Instructor: Benjamin Lind, National Research University – Higher School of Economics, Russia Friday, June 27, room 67 9:30 – 14:00 This workshop will introduce students to exponential random graph (p*) modeling (ERGM) and dynamic network processes. The workshop will provide background information and dedicate substantial attention to applications within existing software. The workshop will be taught in two segments such that the first portion will cover exponential random graph (p*) models while the second portion reviews dynamic network models. The workshop will begin by discussing the conceptual background behind exponential random graph modeling, its purpose, and comparing the method to alternative frameworks. The workshop will place strong emphasis on testing (potentially competing) hypotheses, interpreting output, assessing goodness of fit, diagnosing model convergence, and simulating effects. Applications for egocentric network data will be reviewed as well. The workshop will also review varying approaches to dynamic network modeling, including stochastic actor-based models (Siena), separable temporal ERGMs (STERGM), and relational event models. The course will review the criteria and assumptions behind each method along with an introduction to their applications. Students are expected to know the basic principles and terminology of social network analysis. Further, students should be proficient in standard statistical concepts including simple data types, hypothesis tests, distributions, and multivariate regressions. Though not required, familiarity with the R statistical environment is desirable. Given the workshop’s attention to software applications, students should bring a laptop with the most recent version of R installed. R and its associated packages are open source software and students can download the R environment for free from http://cran.r-project.org/. Within R, students should also install the following packages: statnet, RSiena, relevent, informR, and snow. These packages can either be installed through a graphical user interface or by entering the following line into R: install.packages(c(“statnet”, “RSiena”, “relevent”, “informR”, “snow”))

SEMINAR HOW CAN NETWORK ANALYSIS BE USED BY GLOBALLY OPERATING PRACTITIONERS? Moderator: Nikita Basov, St. Petersburg State University, Russia Sunday, June 29, Conference hall 16:00 – 17:30 The seminar is aimed to discuss how methods and technologies of network analysis can be useful for practitioners, such as representatives of global civil society actors, internationally operating foundations, NGOs, business, science and educational institutions, mass media and international policy makers. Seminar design corresponds with three levels of network technologies application in organization studies and includes introductory talks, presentation of real-world cases, and intense discussion of practitioners’ experiences at each of these levels. Slot 1: Client-Oriented Networks: Creating Valuable Long-Term Relationships Keynote speaker: Galina Gradoselskaya, National Research University – Higher School of Economics, Russia Cases: “Russian networks” based on the results of several research projects for the government of the Russian Federation and Commonwealth of Independent States This part focuses on interaction between organization and its main clientele group(s). Several features of using social network analysis approach for global operating organizations will be presented: • Managing interaction in divisional or regional organizational structures; • Creating and maintaining informational flows between organizations (communication sector).

25 Slot 2: Network Interaction Between Organizations – Evaluating Partnership Effect Speaker: Stanislav Vlasov, St. Petersburg State University, Russia Case: Evaluating innovative output from professional events and conferences: social network analysis approach (high-tech sector) Stanislav will give a short talk about the role of such events as international conferences, trade-shows and other types of professional gatherings for inter-organizational interactions, knowledge exchange and knowledge creation. The idea is to see and analyze the events where many organizations come together to interact as temporary clusters that spark innovation. The purpose of this talk is to stimulate a discussion about the benefits of social network analysis for both event organizers and participating organizations. The implementation of SNA methodology for events’ context can help in managing networks of information, ideas and knowledge flows, supporting interactive inter-organizational learning processes and shaping organizational fields. Slot 3: Networking Within Organizations: How to Manage Social Relations Between Employees Speakers: Alexander Pronin, Elena Veretennik, National Research University – Higher School of Economics, Russia Case: Reorganizing study groups with social network analysis approach The main goal of this part is to share experience on how social network analysis techniques can improve performance and relationships between employees in NGO’s and commercial sector. By analyzing several original cases speakers will give insights how to: • Find and organize effective team-working between volunteers; • Structurize information flows and prevent information leakage; • Find potential leaders and support organizational climate in globally operating organizations. After each presentation the experts dealing with network structures in different fields will discuss projects and cases live, suggested directly by the practitioners. The network analysts will respond to these cases by proposing some possible solutions available from network analysis tools and techniques. This talk-design is aimed to develop a dialogue between practitioners and researchers in order to exchange experiences and ideasabout how network analysis may help in solving different classes of real problems whichoccur in globally operating organizations. Among the practitioners, representatives of following organizations are invited: • Konrad-Adenauer-Foundation • EU-Russia Civil Society Forum • Greenpeace • Agency of social information • St. Petersburg Coalition for NGOs Defense • CitiBank • Unilever • Delloite • EMC All interested practitioners dealing with the network management are invited to participate for free, after registration on the Conference web page: http://www.ngw.spbu.ru. No abstract is needed, so just indicate ‘without a presentation’ in the relevant fields.

26 SESSIONS NETWORKS IN SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND INNOVATION Part 1

Friday, June 27, 16:00 – 17:30, Conference hall Chairs: Thomas Valente and Loet Leydesdorff

OPERATIONALIZING THE MEANING OF INNOVATION IN ORGANIZATIONS: A STRUCTURALIST-CONSTRUCTIVIST APPROACH Georg Reischauer, Vienna University of Technology, Austria Social network-innovation studies face limits when it comes to organizations. Respective research tends to a priori focus on effectiveness or efficiency and hardly considers the effects of an organization on its members. To shift this one-sided perspective, I propose a methodological reorientation in the shape of an approach that operationalizes the meaning of innovation in organizations. It suggests analyzing organizational structures to understand the dynamics and social construction of innovation. By systematically linking organizational sociology (Luhmann 2000), relational sociology (Fuhse 2009) and social network-innovation studies (Tortoriello & Krackhardt 2010; Tushman 1977), I develop a multimodal methodology. At the core is an analysis matrix. The vertical axis models an organization as formal and informal structure. The formal structure standardizes meaning in organizations through programs, communication channels and personnel. The informal structure in form of latent meaning patterns, transactions and order principles latently coins meaning. The horizontal axis models the consequences of a position’s orientation by distinguishing between inbound and boundary perspective. Within this framework, I discuss aspects crucial for the application of my approach in an exploratory case study: guiding questions, how to use selected methods, social network analysis in particular, and how to carve out the meaning of innovation based on gathered data.

SOCIAL NETWORKS AND MORPHOGENETICAL APPROACH Paola Menapace, Bielefeld University, Germany The paper will present a specific typology of social networks resulting at the end of a morphogenetical process (Archer, 1997) as theorized by Donati, (2013): • A reproductive network: at T4 I have the same initial conditions as at time T1. • Adaptive network: this form of network is just an evolution of the initial one. Stabilization of the network depends on positive and negative feedbacks between the agents. • Interactional network: this type of network is just based on interactions that don’t produce any kind of relational stability. • A Creative network does produce a new relationship. The kind of steering emerging from this network regulation is a relational one, in which all the agents, through their “social reflexivity”, are able to reflect about themselves in relation to the others and about the relation in itself. The main questions addressed by the paper are: what are the main problems that occur when applying a morphogenetical approach to the study of social networks? How is it possible to measure the “degree” of change in a social network from time T1 to time T4? What is the role of “social reflexivity”, as theorized by Donati (2011), in explaining change in social networks?

27 ANALYSIS OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY THEORETICAL FOUNDATION FOR NETWORK FORM OF ORGANIZATION RESEARCH Nadezda Kolesnik, National Research University – Higher School of Economics, Russia The article is focused on analysis of scientific publications on network organization modeling in different disciplines. The research explores content analysis method. A database of international scientific papers (about 38 million) since 1902 from Scopus was analyzed. 1,240,967 articles have got “network” in keywords or titles. We present a multidisciplinary structure of the selection. The second part of the article examines articles concerning “business networks” research in different disciplines. The third section presents an extended interdisciplinary theory map including: engineering, biology, sociology, math, physics, informatics, sociology, logistics, marketing, political science, psychology. Map structures theories, which have got impact on contemporary inter-organizational network research from different disciplines: nonlinear dynamic theory, population ecology, supply chain management, project management, actor-network theory, project management, graph theory, game theory and others.

NETWORK DIFFUSION OF INNOVATIONS: IDEA, SPATIAL MODEL, EXAMPLES Victor Blanutsa, Institute of Geography – Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences It is recognized that any innovation extends on the territory through contacts between the next objects (people, settlements, regions, the countries) or through a hierarchical system of objects. However, there are some innovations in which diffusion can't be described by contagious or cascade (hierarchical) models. Shortcomings of both models are shown in classical examples across Poland and Japan. The new spatial model called network diffusion is offered. Using the examples of diffusion of post innovations in Pre-Soviet Siberia, the spatial logic of transitions of innovations from one settlement to another is considered.

ANALYSIS OF FORMATION AND STABILITY OF SUPPLY CHAIN NETWORKS Ignatii Telekhov, St. Petersburg State University, Russia The paper proposes a theoretical model of a cooperating firm in a supply chain network. Firms need to form costly links to cooperate with other firms and can delete existing links of an existing network in order to avoid unprofitable cooperation. We analyze conditions of forming pairwise stable networks when firms impose external effects on each other by forming long-term relations. These external effects may be due to mutual investment in relations or technological cooperation. This model can be used to analyze effects of different government policies towards economic clusters formation, where the synergic effect of firm cooperation network is the main goal of government intervention.

28 NETWORKS IN SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND INNOVATION Part 2

Friday, June 27, 18:00 – 19:30, Conference hall Chairs: Thomas Valente and Loet Leydesdorff

COLLABORATION NETWORKS IN THE BALTIC SEA REGION: FROM OVER-MATURITY TO THE NEXT CIRCUIT OF DEVELOPMENT Sofia Rekord, St. Petersburg State University of Economics, Russia The Baltic Sea Region can currently be considered as a mature economic macro-region with the sustainable “Top of Europe” label in accordance with its economic and innovation potential, institutional maturity and, thus, developed collaboration networks based on the Triple Helix principle. But in the post-crisis reality the Region is facing new challenges: competition with other attractive investment destinations in the rest of the world resulting in the threat of a “de-investing”; on one hand - different regional lock-in effects, on the other - formation of innovative “networks of clusters” gradually losing their controllability, at the same time - the need to incorporate the Russian north-west into business and knowledge networks in the Region, facing differences in social orientation (hierarchy vs., heterarchy), so that the advantage of networking maturity in the Region gradually turns into the obstacle of starting the new circuit of the post-crisis economic development. One of the important aspects in this context - the role of the epistemic community (namely - economic universities) in developing modern collaboration engine in the Baltic Sea Region, is to make existing networks less over-matured, and more flexible and absorbing.

INNOVATION LANDSCAPE IN KAZAN: LINKING RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY Alina Kontareva, European University at St. Petersburg, Russia System analysis shows innovation not as a purely technological process, but rather as an outcome of social relations, local culture and industrial context of the place. My research is devoted to innovation landscape, focused on advancing Information Technology development and which is now forming in Kazan. Research covers different elements of the system, ranging from school programs to employment strategies in the region, in addition to revealing the main actors and forces. The landscape supposes invention and continuous interaction of linkages between main structural levels, allowing intense information sharing, thus stimulating social, economic, and technological development. In my project I use network analysis to reveal the existence of such linkages between university research and industry. First, Web of Science data helps to trace key topics of research, their dynamics, and collaboration strategies of Kazan computer scientists with Russian/foreign scientists. This data connects tendencies of global scientific enterprise of journal publications with the local specificity of computer science research. Second, information about patents combined with the web of science data provides ground for comparing different kinds of invention (to be published/to be patented), and reveals the local demand and possibilities of an innovation’s deployment, as well as possible limitations of the Russian patenting system.

NETWORKED-BASED INNOVATION MODELS FOR SCIENCE, EDUCATION AND INDUSTRY SUCCESSFUL DEVELOPMENT Artur Sagdatullin, Almetyevsk State Oil Institute, Russia In different countries the emergence of new fields of science and technologies is associated with the formation of clusters (M. Porter) that have been successfully used as a key tool of economic transition to a more competitive state. The practice of creating clusters is also characteristic of the Tatarstan Republic. Nowadays dynamics in science and innovation development fully depend on construing and performing networked-based models (M. Castells, N. Smorodinskaya) within universities, industry and government strong collaboration (Triple Helix model, Etzkowitz and Leydesdorff). The objective of this work is to capture and analyse the networked models of current attempts to establish, assess and govern emerging innovation technologies. It focuses on the institutional construction of these

29 models and collaboration between government, universities and industry and, in particular, linkages in R&D. We discuss the latter emerging science-educational clusters and innovation management systems of the Tatarstan Republic. For the case study we discuss the online network-based platform, developed by the author, with horizontal and vertical relations for interactive communication and R&D collaboration, since networks in university-industry-government ecosystem could strengthen the competitiveness of the Tatarstan Republic and help to foster collaboration between knowledge- based economy agents and networked teams, allowing advancements in technologies that enhance innovation development in the regional ecosystem.

CONFERENCES CO-PARTICIPATION NETWORKS AND INNOVATION Stanislav Vlasov, St. Petersburg State University, Russia There is no doubt that if you happen to visit some interesting event, like a conference, it is very likely that you will find yourself inspired, full of energy and new ideas. Moreover, chance encounters at those events often lead to long-term professional collaboration (e.g., Kreiner and Schultz 1993; Berends, van Burg et al. 2011). Such events can also be seen as “temporary clusters” because they bring together people from various organizations from all over the world and similar to permanent clusters like Silicon Valley provide rich opportunities for intensive interaction, knowledge exchange, learning and ideas variation. While it is common knowledge that most innovative firms are located in clusters, little is known about the role of temporary form of clustering in innovation networks and its dynamics. Following this logic, in this study, I test a number of hypotheses on the relationship between company’s participation at scientific and professional events, diversity of participation, position in co-participation networks and its subsequent innovation performance. I use archival data from conference proceedings of firms in electronics industry (1992-2012) and their patents (number and citations), which is considered a proper operationalization of innovation performance for this industry (Hagedoorn & Cloodt, 2003).

THE INTERNATIONALIZATION PROCESS OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED COMPANIES: A NETWORK-BASED ANALYSIS OF GERMAN AND RUSSIAN RFID PRODUCERS Anastasia Grigoryeva, St. Petersburg State University, Russia Despite increasing theoretical contributions on networks and internationalization, there remains a lack of literature that deals with networks’ influence on the success of innovative SMEs’ internationalization processes from the perspective of cross-cultural analysis. Against this background, this paper analyses the impact of network relationships on the internationalization process of innovative SMEs in different cultures based on an online survey among the managers of Russian and German firms involved in the process of radio frequency identification (RFID) technology development. RFID technology is taken as an example because it is an innovative wireless method of data transmission, allowing users to identify information about marked products and enabling network firms to reduce logistics and staff costs (Daniel, 2007; Wolfram et al., 2008). Furthermore, RFID firms are exclusively SMEs. Using the context of the RFID industry, this paper seeks to understand: • At what stage of development do innovative SMEs become involved in the internationalization process? • What impact does networking have on the development process and the internationalization of technological innovation? • How does the culture of a country influence the networking of SMEs?

30 WORDS AND NETWORKS

Saturday, June 28, 10:30 – 12:30, room 78 Chair: Wouter de Nooy

DISCURSIVE NETWORKS ABOUT YOUTH: FROM ÉNONCÉS TO DISCURSIVE RULES Félix Krawatzek, University of Oxford, UK This paper develops an innovative analysis of a rich corpus of textual data. It combines a qualitative approach, text-driven coding of text, and a network analytic approach, extricating relationships between ideas used across texts. This combination of a formal quantitative, along with a qualitative, method allows exploiting the potential of both and get to a level pertinent for the analysis of discourse. Linguistic patterns are re-contextualized and the relevance of individual statements can be determined through network measures. Bipartite networks constitute the appropriate level of analysis for discourse networks. The presentation concentrates on recent developments for modularity detection to carve out those patterns across texts that are invisible for a reader. Network analysis thereby develops its strength for enriching our understanding of text and solidifying qualitative interpretations. It helps to deepen our theoretical understanding of discursive changes over time and points towards decisive elements in patterns of speech. The sources for this paper consist of newspaper coverage, negotiating the publically presented meaning of the term “youth” in Russia and the late Soviet Union. It draws on a selection of newspapers that assures variation, thus being able to cover the broad spectrum of discursive patterns that we encounter in public speaking.

CONSTRUCTING NETWORKS FOR KNOWLEDGE ORGANIZATION: THE CASE OF METHOD ACTING TERMS Ilya Krivonosov, St. Petersburg State University, Russia The lack of reference materials that structure knowledge in a particular field (p.ex. ontologies, classification schemata, thesauri, etc.) is always a major disadvantage especially when it concerns different areas of arts and humanities which are rather understructured and suffer from terminological vagueness and ambiguity. The paper attempts to show how the construction of a network may improve the situation in a particular field, namely in the discipline “Method acting” taught in acting schools all over the world. The procedure of network construction starts with extracting term-like units from the classical books on method acting (Konstantin Stanislavsky, Mikhail Chekhov) and identifying the kernel terms with appropriate definitions identified. Next, the terms are divided into thematic groups, with the internal organization of groups provided by semantic networks presenting the main paradigmatic links (hypernym-hyponym, whole-part relationships and causal relationships). As a result, the method- acting terms are represented in a set of semantic networks bringing out all relevant terms as well as a wide range of manifold relations between them and thus providing an integrated picture of the discipline “Method acting”.

SOCIOSEMANTIC NETWORKS OF ST. PETERSBURG CREATIVE COMMUNITIES Nikita Basov, St. Petersburg State University, Russia Wouter de Nooy, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands Alexandra Nenko, National Research University – Higher School of Economics, Russia Of a particular interest for social science is to reveal how the peculiarities of social structure condition the peculiarities in knowledge, to what extent and why structures of knowledge intersect and vary across social entities. The present paper addresses this issue applying sociosemantic network analysis to artistic communities – groups of artists involved in intense interaction with each other. Such communities develop in constant (re-)interpretation of the essence of art, discussions on the themes and formats for artworks, continuous interaction during collective creative activities and representation of artworks. In these processes subgroups normally emerge in communication networks of communities and explicit subgroup-specific structures of knowledge are developed. Through analysis of text data (transcripts of dialogues between the artists and semi-structured interviews with them, as well as their

31 textual works, and posts in social media) as well as social network data on three creative communities located in St. Petersburg we formally detect and visualize contrasts and intersects in knowledge structures collectively generated by subgroups within the communities. Further qualitative analysis links these contrasts and intersects to specific traits and similarities of the subgroups attempting to reveal how the peculiarities of social structure might condition emergence of particular knowledge structures as different, yet intersecting.

POTENTIAL OF NETWORK ANALYSIS IN HEALTH CARE SERVICE PROVISION Tatiana Stepurko, National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, Ukraine Bribes, gifts, donations and personal connections become part and parcel of health care systems in many Eastern European countries. The literature suggests a variety of motives, reasons, sectors, actors involved in informal practices. In order to better understand the processes which contribute to the lack of transparency in the area of access to health care service, physician job market, providers’ career growth in Ukraine, we explore possibilities of network analysis application. Network analysis has been applied in the field of public health, health promotion; however, its potential has not been considered in the area of service provision. This paper discusses a potential of network analysis in the areas including (1) search of physician in case of health care problem and further exchanges between health care consumer and provider, (2) referrals between medical specialist as well as (3) health care human resource practices (job position appointment, career growth). These areas are largely interconnected and constitute an informal system which exists simultaneously with a formal one. We summarize that visualization and mapping of the existing networks can give great insight into the sense of the processes in Ukrainian health care provision; however, specificity of medical specialization (surgery vs therapeutic sector) has to be considered.

LAW, CONTEXT, INTERTEXT AND HYPERTEXT Anatoliy Pronin, Voronezh State University, Russia Law and Text always were rather close concepts. First of all, the hermeneutics method appeared when Roman lawyers of the Dominat period were not able to understand the texts of legal theorists of previous eras. The hermeneutics method of law greatly developed during the Middle Ages when European legal scientists were acquainted with the texts of Roman authors. Thus and so the hermeneutics method originated glossator, pandectists and other commentary schools. With the development of text philosophy developed law philosophy. A big variety of ideas connected with text and law relations exist in our days, including: modern hermeneutics (Paul Ricœur), legal interpretivism (Ronald Dworkin), archeology of text (Michel Foucault), and law and literature (Jeanne Gaakeer). So understanding of contemporary law system, understanding of hierarchy of legal rules is impossible without comprehension of such terms as: text, context, paratext, hypertext, intertext, author, discourse and narrative. For example, by using the commentation method by the Higher Courts of Russia, our law is becoming more and more approximate to the common law.

INTERTEXTUALITY IN ACTS OF LAW BY THE EXAMPLE OF LEGAL SYSTEM OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION Kirill Kirillov and Ksenia Koretnikova, Voronezh State University, Russia Intertextuality is the shaping of a text meaning by another text. Intertextual figures include: allusion, quotation, calque, plagiarism, translation, pastiche and parody. An example of intertextuality is an author’s borrowing and transformation of a prior text or to a reader’s referencing of one text in reading another. The term “intertextuality” has, itself, been borrowed and transformed many times since it was coined by poststructuralist Julia Kristeva in 1966. As philosopher William Irwin wrote, the term “has come to have almost as many meanings as users, from those faithful to Kristeva’s original vision to those who simply use it as a stylish way of talking about allusion and influence.” Intertextuality is usually used in literature texts of modernism and postmodernism. However, it is very interesting how this way of shaping of a text is used in Acts of continental legal system governments. We were trying to describe this interesting phenomenon based on the concrete example of the legal system of the

32 Russian Federation. Intertextuality is spreading from the Constitution of the Russia Federation and Federal Laws down to the Acts of municipal governments and subordinate entities of the Federation. Lower-level Acts are meaning by Constitution with the power of the government will. This meaning is our essay's theme.

THE ILLEGAL MARKET FOR CORPORATE BANKRUPTCIES IN POST-SOVIET RUSSIA. REPORT OF WORK IN PROGRESS Alexey Mukomel, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia What do we know about the social mechanisms of ensuring credible commitments? How do illegal markets solve problems of contract enforcement when violence and state enforcement are not options? This study investigates how one corporate market can be considered as a network of a handful of actors and how the market for illegal corporate bankruptcies has been evolving and changing during the (1) introduction of the legal framework in post-Soviet Russia in 1992, (2) pro creditor violent swing of legislation in 1998 and (3) back pro-debtor swing since 2002. Basing on semi-structured interviews with market actors, court statistics analysis and only initiated attempts of networks dynamics deconstruction basing on CSS the research (1) follows the changes in architecture of upstream and downstream markets of business services and (2) analyses of social structural safeguards being used despite legal framework changes. Due to found acquisition of key roles of a. Services Vendors and b. Guarantors by the market outsiders – Corporate Raiders the research also accounts on the market of corporate control. The author tries to incorporate legal and informal norms as nonhuman actors within the combination of SNA and Actor Network Theory approaches to demonstrate the role of evolving complex network structure in securing otherwise unsustainable illegal contracts.

A PROFESSIONAL COMMUNITY ONLINE: AN ANALYSIS OF FRIENDSHIP, CO-LIKE AND CO-COMMENTING NETWORKS’ STRUCTURE Sergei Koltcov and Olessia Koltsova, National Research University – Higher School of Economics, Russia Social networking sites have been believed to serve as spaces for development of bottom-up online communities that can engage into intensive communication, independent of location and other social attributes of members. This paper is a part of the research project on public groups in VKontakte, the Russian leading social network akin to Facebook. This part is centered around one of the largest professional communities of software developers, counting almost 16 thousand members and eight months of activity by the time of data collection. Socio-demographic composition of members, properties of their friendship, co-commenting and co-like networks are discussed. In particular, the group, like other software developers’ groups, is male-dominated, its age and geographic distribution being close to overall VKontakte distribution; over 9000 members have at least one friend within the group. However, its 1190 messages and 1351 likes have been generated by a small minority most of whom have participated only once. Thus co-like network very partially intersects with friendship network and is of different structure, being a loosely connected graph of a few intensely “liked” stars. Popularity as measured in likes does not correlate with age or gender, while location does not seem to predict liking links.

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NETWORK PERSPECTIVES ON KNOWLEDGE, COMMUNICATION, AND CULTURE Part 1

Saturday, June 28, 10:30 – 12:30, Conference hall Chair: Johanne Saint-Charles

LIFE-WORLD CHANGES AS TRANSFORMATION OF NETWORKS’ CONFIGURATIONS Valeria Vasilkova and Margarita Slyusareva, St. Petersburg State University, Russia This paper proposes a network perspective on life-world. From this perspective transformation of life-world appears to be a dynamic process through which complex multi-level social networks are constructed by individual. These networks can be seen as «we-groups» (A. Schütz) in which different forms of life experience are typified. The change of life experience forms is accompanied by transformation of networks in which schemes of interpretation relevant to the situation are developed. This analytical stand will be applied to study LARP communities (live action role playing), which are now widely represented in youth cultures of many countries. The life-worlds of LARP communities members can be analysed as multiple «worlds of meaning», in which these members simultaneously live.

KNOWLEDGE SHARING IN MULTICULTURAL NETWORKS: STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES Larisa Luchikhina, Novosibirsk State Technical University, Russia In recent years there have been some new developments in the field of network perspectives on communication, knowledge and culture: the ‘cultural turn’ in social network analysis. This article examines knowledge sharing in multicultural networks. A culture-classification scheme based on the individualism and collectivism, the vertical and horizontal dimensions is discussed. The opportunities for and barriers to knowledge sharing are analyzed. We argue that the effectiveness and the performance of knowledge sharing depend on the structural, cultural and interpersonal dynamics that are present within and between multicultural networks.

ACADEMIC MOBILITY AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR INTERCULTURAL NETWORKS Liudmila Kirpitchenko, Deakin University, Australia This paper examines global academic mobility and focuses on the possibilities for fostering intercultural networks among mobile academics. The current global scale of academic mobility opens up prosperous opportunities for creating networks aimed at knowledge interchange, knowledge creation, and knowledge enrichment. Increased intercultural encounters in academia open the doors to intermixing, combining and interchanging multiple cultures and academic traditions. Intercultural interactions inevitably involve knowledge translation which means much more than a one-way linear diffusion of knowledge. This paper examines intercultural competencies, cosmopolitan dispositions and networking attitudes as preconditions for successful knowledge translation. It explores the interactive practices and networking experiences of academic migrants and mobile academics that have been perceived as important agents of intercultural knowledge flows. This paper is based on a series of interviews conducted with Eastern European immigrants on their perceptions of intercultural encounters at a number of universities in Italy, Canada and Australia. Several aspects of intercultural dialogue are discussed, including: in-group membership, expression of the self, cultural values, and cosmopolitan dispositions. The purpose of this paper is to explore academic networking interactions of diverse cultures as rising opportunities for gaining better understanding of the preconditions for successful processes of knowledge exchange, transfer, and ultimately knowledge creation.

35 EUROPEANIZATION OR GLOBALIZATION: THE SOCIOLOGICAL COMMUNITY IN EUROPE Joshua Eykens, University of Ghent, Belgium This article will examine how the European Union functioned as facilitator (i.e. European Research Area, Lisbon Strategy, etc.) for the European Sociological Association in particular. By using multiple framework programs, more than a hundred research projects were financed. In 2007 the ERC (European Research Council) was put together. Together with the Lisbon Strategy – and other policy initiatives - the European Union should have become the world’s largest competitive knowledge economy of the world. The aim of this research is to investigate how the community of sociologists in Europe shifts in time and space. We will put the most important sociological journals (as communicative networks) in a global context (ISA’s most important sociological journals) to verify the theses as put up by the European Union. Using SNA and scientometric data will elucidate contemporary thresholds as experienced by many researchers today. A transnational view on this case has been given by Johan Heilbron (2011). Heilbron argues that there have been some changes lately, but further investigation is necessary. Doing this Europeanization research (Börzel, 2002) by highlighting the communicative spaces and networks, policy workers and scientists will gain more knowledge to improve reflexivity (6th European Framework Programme). In this globalized age, IDENTITY is a multi-aspect, relative concept. Perplexity, doubt, and anxiety are some consequences of fragmentation of identity in modern time. This paper seeks to scrutinize the signs of cultural orientation in the virtual environment- in weblogs- with Cultural Orientation approach (C.O). Data has been gathered with documentation method and net surfing. In constructing the identity, the C.O approach has a traditional point of view. Saying NO to globalization with regard to indigenous values, revitalization of historical narratives, forming coherent communities, making distinction with others, and emphasis on absolutism are some traits of this approach. In addition, with regard to the importance of virtual space in double life area and its necessity in information transfer, and also with respect to the fact that weblog is a popular field in this virtual ambience, signs of C.O in virtual world, especially through weblogs, has been studied. Ability to form informal relations with the audience and the possibility of being written by any writer, regardless of their educational degrees are can be construed as a unique characteristic of weblogs which has made people interested in it. Of course it would be more effective if weblogs were specialized in one field.

NETWORK IN SCIENCE: THE DETERMINANTS OF TOPIC TRENDING Tatiana Okisheva, St. Petersburg State University, Russia The main research idea is that the phenomenon that could be called 'research-topic trend' exists in sociological community. The research question is which topics are popular in sociology, and more specifically in Russia? Moreover, what is more important, why and how did they become popular? What affects the trend of choosing a topic? I suppose that external factors have no significant effect on topic-trend. The increasing interest in Urban Sociology cannot be explained with the urbanization processes because they are not relevant at the moment. I believe that internal factors mostly affect the popularity of research topics. I'm also positive that the sociological community is a network with reputable scientists in nodes. So my hypothesis is that the community's reputable scientists lead the topic-trend. I would describe the mechanism of that process as follows: the idea originally conceives in the network nodes and spreads on the channels, becoming the subject of numerous studies in community. My interest in these issues is primarily scientific. But I hope that the result can also be applied. My aim is to reveal the mechanism of topic-trending in science, which will make it possible to predict the development of scientific knowledge in the future.

36 RUSSIAN COMPUTER SCIENTISTS IN THE UK: DIASPORA KNOWLEDGE NETWORK AND ITS TIES TO HOME COUNTRY Irina Antoschyuk and Lilya Zemnukhova, St. Petersburg State University, Russia The IT industry is one of the major economic successes in Russia after Soviet Union’s collapse. Education traditions and competitive research in physics, mathematics and engineering combined with little regulation and openness of the newly emerged IT sphere in the 1990s, fostered business development and created a population of highly qualified specialists. Russian computer scientists (RCS) have a wide geography of migration, but the majority is concentrated in the USA and Europe, including the UK. The specificity of IT consists in networking as a distinct feature of professional community. Being tied to ICT by the nature of vacation, IT specialists are achieving a global interconnectedness, going beyond national and organizational borders. Simultaneously, nationality remains one of the main axis of cross-border connections, serving as a channel through which “international networks transmit the codified and tacit knowledge” (Kerr, 2005). We draw upon the concept of diaspora knowledge networks elaborated by J.-B.Meyer and other scientists and intend to demonstrate how RCS networks are formed and operate. As expatriates' involvement may significantly contribute to the development of high-tech industries and economic growth in home countries (Saxenian, 2005), we aim at revealing how RCS establish and sustain connections with Russia potentially leading to knowledge transfer between the countries.

KNOWLEDGE COMMUNITIES IN THE VIRTUAL SPACE Anna Tsareva, St. Petersburg State University, Russia The actual forms of virtual scientific communication represent the whole spectrum of knowledge generation capabilities, including different variations of personal and group participation, a combination of formal and informal types of scholarly communication etc. There are three types of intellectual landscape in the network space: (1) communities and groups generated by “real” forms of scientific cooperation and using the Internet as an additional instrument of communication and interaction; (2) communities of practice are a new form of intellectual organization focused mutually beneficial cooperation between scientists and research teams, and the resulting benefits generated by the Internet as a communication technology; (3) “smart crowds”, multiplayer communication technologies, including the social networking features and providing the possibility of publishing and access to materials, building a reputation, career prospects, etc. The network space established on the basis of information computer technology integrates all these forms in the particular socio- informational “eco-system” and specifies a set of parameters that determine the communication of individual users, groups and communities in the area of knowledge creation.

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NETWORK PERSPECTIVES ON KNOWLEDGE, COMMUNICATION, AND CULTURE Part 2

Saturday, June 28, 15:00 – 17:00, Conference hall Chairs: Johanne Saint-Charles and Nikita Basov

EGO NETWORKS AND COGNITIVE SOCIAL STRUCTURE: HOW DANCERS INTERACT IN REHEARSALS Dafne Muntanyola-Saura, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain We present here a social network analysis of interactivity in a dance rehearsal. Following Simmel (1908) concepts of differentiation and individualization, we take interactions as indicators of trust and technical gossip (Knorr Cetina, 1999). A questionnaire on multimodal interactions was distributed among the dancers of a neoclassic dance company in 2010 and allowed us to create Row Ego Networks & Cognitive Social Structure Networks in UCINET. We explore the relationship between the positions of the dancers in the rehearsal and their perceptions. We distinguish, both mathematically and visually, the subjective representations of each individual dancer from the structural cognitive patterns of creation. Moderate centralization in degree, betweenness and closeness, cliques formation (n>2) and the high number of superposed simmelian ties confirm empirically the hypotheses of differentiation and individualization. The inflation of estimated relations among dancers shows how each actor’s network is at least partially under the control of factors other than those strictly intentional. The difference between the information/advice patterns and friendships indicates that the distribution of information in rehearsal does not necessarily follow friendship ties. The dancers are part of a socially distributed cognitive system consisting of dyads and other forms of social interaction strongly based on communication.

EMOTIONAL AND COMMUNICATION NETWORKS SHAPING COLLECTIVE CREATIVE PROCESS IN ARTISTIC COMMUNITIES Nikita Basov, St. Petersburg State University, Russia Alexandra Nenko, National Research University – Higher School of Economics, Russia Creative process leading to knowledge generation was mostly studied as an individual enterprise. Despite works reconsidering it as a collective process shaped through social networks (i.e. Collins 1998) a number of blind spots remain. One of the issues worth further studying is the relation between the structures of emotional influence and communication in communities that engage into oeuvre. In the paper we explore how a collective creative process may depend on such common properties of communication and emotional influence networks as density, centralization, average tie strength as well as such specific traits of emotional relations as intensity/non-intensity, stability/instability, association/dissociation. We use data on four artistic communities – groups of creators involved in intense expressive interaction with each other – located in St Petersburg (Russia) and diverse in forms of creative cooperation. Peculiarities of emotional relations were revealed by measuring strength and direction of emotional influence ties with network surveys and by analyzing qualitative data – semi- structured interviews and transcripts of dialogues with artists. Communication networks were mapped through network surveys. We analyze the relations between emotional and communication ties in each artistic community. Via comparative analysis we trace the cumulative impact on the collective creative process made by emotions and communication.

39 SEARCHING FOR URBAN COMMUNITIES IN THE SMALL TOWN: NETWORK ANALYSIS OF MENTAL MAPS Konstantin Glazkov, National Research University – Higher School of Economics, Russia This project is aimed to identify the urban communities of Myshkin (Yaroslavskaya region, Russia). The study is based on data collected as a part of the summer field practice in the period from the 1st to the 15th of August 2013 and includes 16 interviews using mental mapping with residents of Myshkin, interviews with local historians, and observations during city tours. The author describes the emotional attachment of citizens to their town. Different transit practices of using city center raise the issue of local semantic mapping and the historical dynamic of economic developments. Regarding urban environment as the interaction between humans and places (notional complexes), the author turns to mental maps. As mental maps require formalized and well-grounded methods of analysis, the basic method used in this study was network analysis. Results show that different groups of people provide quite homogeneous descriptions of the city. Special attention was paid to the relatively low “imageability” level of the city center for lack of available social practices. This phenomenon is explained by the intervention of tourist segment (Myshkin is a part of the Golden Ring) supported by experts’ knowledge. In the circumstances the author proposes the structure of alternative places that provide emotional attachment of residents regarding their everyday life problems

REMAINING SAFE FACTORS: DRUG USERS EGOCENTRIC NETWORK ANALYSIS FEAT. NARRATIVES Anastasia Meylakhs-Zolotova, Centre for Independent Social Research, Russia Understanding how some injection drug users remain HIV-negative despite high rates of virus transmission among injectors and long-term injection drug use requires a focus on interactions with their friends and acquaintances. Injecting drug use is a collective practice, which creates particular ambivalences. The existence of injecting networks may have negative consequences by facilitating risky sharing practices and therefore enabling the transmission of infectious diseases. Most studies showed positive associations between syringe sharing and density or tie strength (Cepeda et al., 2011; De et al., 2007). But these networks also facilitate the diffusion of information, support, and social influence. Little is known about how “safety culture”, e.g. meanings of social norms and risks avoiding behaviors, circulate in the networks. Russian study data suggest that the same egocentric network characteristics may play both detrimental and protective roles. Mixed quantitative and qualitative data analysis on 10 egocentric networks of HIV-negative drugs injectors (57 participants) revealed that stable over time networks with high density and multiplex ties promote safe behavior practices among drug users. At the same time network turnovers and weak ties are associated with the HIV transmission among network members.

NETWORK MODELING OF REMOTE COMMUNICATION IN INTERUNIVERSITY STUDENTS TEAMS Elena Dudysheva, V. M. Shukshin Altai State Academy of Education, Russia The international system of higher education is compelled to consider inquiries of students in order to have a more flexible approach to individualization of educational trajectories. Universities realize such variety more effectively if they apply interuniversity virtual cooperation based on distance educational technologies. The interuniversity interaction can be expressed in the organization of remote students’ projects teams (programming, design, etc.). The identification of conditions in remote students’ cooperation is an interdisciplinary problem which can be resolved by methods of network analysis. One of the goals becomes to support the optimal network structures in the remote communication of students and teachers with the support of distance collaborative education. The main problem: the lack of interactivity in virtual collaborative learning due to the increase of a teacher’s load. The solution is promoted by transformation of weak horizontal links between students in strong, support existing and transitive creation of new links in the process of monitoring of remote communication in the virtual environment. On the basis of experience of joint software design by students of AGAO and Intel-NSU laboratory, are offered the principle of “pair tutors” (bridges) with interaction of tutors, and the principle of “hyper teams” when several groups work together, and participants of “hyper team” communicate both directly and remotely. 40 NETWORK PARADIGM IN RESEARCH OF EUROPEAN EDUCATIONAL INTEGRATION Sergey Shirin, St. Petersburg State University, Russia This paper explores the application of dynamic network analysis techniques to the area of European educational integration (European Higher Education Area, European Area of Skills and Qualifications, European Area of Lifelong Learning etc.) Terms from social network analysis literature are applied to derive information on collaboration between different educational, administrative, as well as governmental and intergovernmental institutions within the European educational integration. The goal is to assess the peculiarities of the semantics of main social network analysis concepts applied to this specific field. Thus, the concepts of links and linkevents, network clusters and bridges, network centrality measures, brokering activities and other dynamic properties related metrics are examined for their relevance in the identification of mechanisms of integration in the field of education and in delivering insights on roles, event structure as well as their structural development over time. Processes of European educational integration (first of all, the Bologna Process for higher education and the Copenhagen process for vocational education and training) are interpreted as an event-based network data model. Since integration is always a dynamic process, this approach is considered to be relevant to this topic because it has a strong focus on temporal characteristics, thus highlighting the network dynamics.

“HUMANITARIAN TECHNOLOGIES” IN NETWORK PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES Anna Volkova, St. Petersburg State University, Russia The paper focuses on the problem of the creation of humanitarian technologies in contemporary public administration. This initiative arose due to the growing academic demand for a discussion of theory of public values and new challenges for public administration. The concept of “public value” can help to avoid the narrow and over-simplified approaches that have sometimes dominated in the past (NPM) and it offers a useful way of setting out the ultimate goals of public administration reforms. The humanities technologies are innovation technologies; it is the production of new ways of thinking and acting in the public sphere. They contain the installation on non-standard thinking, situational, creativity, openness to working with goals. Humanitarian technologies require a value- based attitude, the desire for moral progress in public interaction, in public administration. In practice, the process of development of human technology includes: the development of a feedback system with the population of each state and political structures (hotlines, MFC); gradual and continuous development of interpersonal skills of citizens (horizontal communication systems); promotion of humanitarian values (goodness, tolerance, trust). And all of this needs new qualifications and special skills of civil servants.

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NETWORK ANALYSIS OF POLITICAL AND POLICY-MAKING DOMAINS Part 1 Sunday, June 29, 10:00 – 11:30, Conference hall Chair: Dimitris Christopoulos

POLITICAL NETWORKS AND COOPERATIVE GAMES AS A WAY TO PROCESS ANALYSIS AND MODELING IN PUBLIC POLICY Anastasia Belskova, St. Petersburg State University, Russia Political network appears as an analytical tool for analyzing instability and openness of interaction of many political actors, united by common interests, interdependence, equality and voluntary cooperation. However, networks theory ignores many aspects of the relationship of actors which have a direct influence on the development of their strategies. This paper will put forward a hypothesis about the combination of the theory of political networks and game theory in one theoretical mathematical model due to create a new approach to the analysis and modeling of the coordinating interactions of actors public policy. The main hypothesis is that the use of such a multidisciplinary model will allow actors to develop effective strategies for conflict resolution. An interdisciplinary model will also provide an opportunity to analyze the interaction of a large number of both state and non-state actors who share common goals and interests. Additionally, an interdisciplinary model can be used to predict future interactions of actors depending on whether they have the determining characteristics and resources. The theoretical model will be applied to the analysis of public policy on the example of the interaction of social movements, St. Petersburg and the public authorities.

THE PUBLIC SERVICE AS AN ACTOR OF POLITICAL NETWORKS Elena Vasilieva, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Sakha, Russia The research of political networks pays the most attention to the description of interaction between the state and civil society institutions, with an emphasis on the protection of the rights and interests of the latter. At the same time, the status of civil servants in these networks is not obvious. On the one hand, the officials are surrounded by strict framework of regulations and law. They are not independent subjects of political decisions, but at the same time they are the main sources of information needed for making political decisions. On the other hand they actively interact with other actors of political networks, including under informal conditions. In addition, high professional requirements for officials lead to the need of recruiting them into the elitist environment. Therefore, there often arises a conflict of interest due to their personal connections. Activating these links, officials are building patron-client relations, behaving as patrons for those who need to receive confidential information and as clients for the higher heads. Thus, civil servants use personal networks for carrying out their functions, and simultaneously use available official information for private gain.

INFLUENCE IN POLICY NETWORKS: EUROSUR AND SHAPING MIGRATION MANAGEMENT LEGISLATION IN THE EU Theodore Baird, VU University Amsterdam, Netherlands How are commercial security firms involved in EU policy-making for migration management? Who are the central actors, and how do they influence the policy-shaping stage of the policy cycle? The research maps a network of influential individuals from private and public institutions involved in the European Border Surveillance System (EUROSUR) designed as ‘a system of systems’ for migration management at the external borders of the European Union. The analysis is concerned with political influence within the policy network. The paper outlines a modified reputational exchange approach to measuring influence in the network. The model considers node attributes and the relations between nodes to determine the political influence of individual actors in the policy network. The paper concludes with notes on ways forward for determining how structure and actor position impact political influence.

43 A NETWORK APPROACH TO PARLIAMENTARY REPRESENTATION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION Linn Selle, European University Viadrina, Germany The paper will deal with a relational assessment of parliamentary representation in the European Union and presents an analytical model to examine the role of the national parliaments and the European Parliament in the EU policy process. Since the Treaty of Maastricht and the evolution of the EU towards a genuine political system, questions of democratic quality and the embedment of parliaments, as being directly representative and accountable to the European citizens, have gained space in political science debates. The European parliamentary space in this respect consists of the EP and national parliaments that are both fulfilling distinct functions in order to overall legitimizing the EU political system. This research design is unique as it tries to analyze parliamentary influence, both with regard to the EP and to national parliaments with the tools of social network analysis. Information, coalition and prestige networks in the EU budgetary process will be reconstructed in order to find out about the parliamentary embedment therein. Departing from legislative research and using field theoretic approach, this research design aims at relationally reconstructing the legitimizing role of parliaments in the EU.

WHO PAYS FOR THE EURO ZONE CRISIS? EXPLAINING CRISIS BURDEN SHARING THROUGH NETWORK PERSPECTIVE Dorota Skusevičienė, Vilnius University, Lithuania There is a wide spread idea that periphery countries of the euro zone are those to blame for the crisis because of their irresponsible economic and political decisions and actions. As follows it is popular to argue that core countries are those paying for the consequences of the crisis. Yet this notion is far from obvious as a growing number of analyses reveal crisis profits for countries such as Germany. Although during the last five years there has been an extensive growth in analysis of euro zone crisis, ranging from its causes to consequences, there is still a lack of coherent analysis of crisis burden sharing. In this paper it is argued that crisis burden sharing is dependent on economic interdependence between euro zone countries. High economic interdependence means that clear national borders of interests while taking political decisions about crisis burden sharing blur. The model for measuring economic interdependence (relevant for theoretical arguments about burden sharing) is proposed and network analysis of economic interdependence between euro zone countries is carried out. Results of this analysis are invoked to analyze and explain existing crisis burden sharing (represented through direct investments, loans, reductions in interest rates, postponing of debt refunds, etc.) in the euro zone.

REPUTATION MANAGEMENT ANALYSIS OF THE POLITICAL LEADER IN THE BLOGOSPHERE Olga Filatova and Elvira Chistikova, St. Petersburg State University, Russia Due to the rapid development of social media and the increasing activity of civil society and processes aimed at increasing the transparency of the government, it is extremely topical to study the process of reputation management of a political leader in social media. This article presents an analysis of strategies of reputation management used for Russian President Vladimir Putin at “LiveJournal” and Twitter. While conducting the study we used the method of qualitative content analysis and social media monitoring service IQBuzz. The empirical basis of the research is the publications at “LiveJournal” and Twitter for the period from 1 March 2012 to 31 September 2013, automatically selected by IQBuzz for the keyword “Vladimir Putin”. Also the publications of the fifteen most popular bloggers according to the “LiveJournal” rating were analyzed. This study leads us to several conclusions about the current reputation of President Vladimir Putin in social media, the principles of forming and managing political reputation in the blogosphere. We have identified the following management tools of president reputation in the blogosphere: the active blogging by supporters of the government; commenting on publications whose content is negative to president reputation; debating with readers and bloggers.

44 NETWORK ANALYSIS OF POLITICAL AND POLICY-MAKING DOMAINS Part 2

Sunday, June 29, 12:30–14:30, Conference hall Chair: Dimitris Christopoulos NETWORK ANALYSIS-BASED EMPOWERMENT OF THE PUBLIC POLICY INSTITUTIONS: BRIDGING THEORY, PRACTICES AND TRAINING Vladimir Yakimets and Larissa Nikovsky, Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russia Findings of the study concerning the viability of the public policy (hereinafter PP), institutions based on distributed network comparative measurement in 40 Russian regions are presented. It is shown that without a comprehensive study covering the following tasks - a qualitative analysis of the initial PP state, development of methodology for quantitative evaluation for comparative reasons, the development of criteria for the ranking of PP institutions and mechanisms in terms of their viability within the interregional context, dialogue platforms for determining the priority measures for improvement of the PP unviable institutions, organization and holding of trainings for regional politicians, as well as the involvement of the latter and other key actors in the process of the PP institutions sanation. It is revealed that bridging theory of the network analysis with empirical data significantly impact on the PP study findings when a joint learning process and a formation of platforms for dialogue are implemented with the involvement of real politicians, PP actors and researchers-“networkers”.

SOCIAL ECOLOGICAL NETWORKS AS A RESOURCE FOR RUSSIAN ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY Sergey Savin, St. Petersburg State University, Russia In recent years, environmental policy has come to be regarded as a sphere of activity not only of the state but also of the civil society. Strategic goals, the main objectives and mechanisms of environmental policy of Russian society are defined in the Principles of State Policy in the field of environmental development of Russia until 2030. Some of the principles of this document emphasize the importance of civic engagement to solve environmental problems. In particular, the principle of citizens engagement to decisions-making on their rights to a healthy environment, civil participation in solving environmental problems, taking into account public opinions on the environment. However, there still exists a question about the mechanisms of this policy, which are based on the resources of civil society. The main idea of this thesis is that the major role in the formation of civic engagement in the field of ecology can play actively developing social ecological network. The use of such networks as a resource not only for discussing environmental issues, but also forming attitudes to actively participate in solving ecological problems will contribute to the qualitative change of the nature of Russia’s environmental policy.

LOCAL POLITICAL NETWORK ORGANIZATION IN GERMANY: FACTORS OF SUSTAINABILITY AND CHALLENGES Elena Shershneva, St. Petersburg State University, Russia Disappointments in conventional party politics lead to the expansion of interest groups. Some activists prefer flexible nonhierarchical forms of organization of activities as an alternative to hierarchical political structures. In the focus of our case-study is the local political network organization in Germany as a form of oppositional multi-issue bottom up activities. The members of the network are individuals, not organizations. We combine the sociological concept of social network that stresses the relational and structural embeddedness of social action with the concept of a network as a form of governance (decision making processes, dispute solving, coordination and control) to understand the conditions essential for the maintenance of political network organization, the factors of sustainability and the challenges that it faces. The local political context was taken into consideration. Qualitative research method was used for empirical data collection and interpretation. We found out that the same factors that contribute to the sustainability of this political network organization can generate threat. That is why to strike the balance between different forms of activities - in this case between

45 out-of-parliamentary and parliamentary activities since the group initiated a voters association and got seats in municipal council - is a permanent challenge.

PECULIARITIES OF CIVIC NETWORK ACTIVISM IN RUSSIA Alexander Sokolov, P.G. Demidov Yaroslavl State University, Russia Today we can observe an increase in attention to public initiatives in our country. Trend is the construction of such structures on the network principle. Movements and organizations based on them have proved to be effective. Reasons to use a network model in public associations lie in the presence of the related benefits and opportunities. 1. High speed of mobilization and inclusion of participants into the organization and movement. 2. The focus of the network`s elements to achieve a common goal. 3. Openness to new actors and elements. 4. Mutual support - the basis of the functioning of the network. 5. Efficient allocation of resources within the network organization. In this connection it is actual studying of the dissemination of network forms of civic activism in contemporary Russia. The paper will analyze the results of two surveys of experts from the 12 subjects of the Russian Federation (sampling each survey - more than 160 respondents). The surveys were conducted by the author in 2012 and 2013. The study analyzed the following characteristics of network activity in modern Russia: scale, principles of their organization, efficiency, prevalence and nature of the relationship with the authorities.

NETWORK COMMUNICATION IN TWITTER DURING COLLECTIVE ACTION: RALLY ON 6TH MAY IN MOSCOW Aleksandra Tsareva, St. Petersburg State University, Russia The rally on 6 May 2013 took place in Moscow at the Bolotnaya square. The number of attendants was estimated to be up to 50,000 by oppositional resources and up to 7,000 by official authorities. Though the main features of communication during collective action could be the same for the rallies on 2012 and 2013, the time changed. For 6 May 2013 social networks grew and developed more unique users. For this time social networks were only the space for communication of the young and educated. It also attracted the attention of authorities as the instrument of social influence on this group. We collected a total of 16,548 messages sent during that day and a week after by 6,025 unique users. The pattern of communication network included several groups: participants of the rally who sympothized with oppositional of the authorities mood, loyal to the authorities twitter users who discussed the rally in a negative way, and observers who weren’t participating in the rally. Based on our research results, we would like to show how information spread through the twitter networks and what technique and method were used to force different hashtags and topics for discussion both by the opposition and by authorities.

TRANSFORMATION OF PROTEST NETWORKS IN SOCIAL MEDIA TO URBAN GOVERNANCE NETWORKS IN SAINT PETERSBURG, RUSSIA Aleksandr Sherstobitov, St. Petersburg State University, Russia Social media became one of the most influential platforms used by counterparts in many recent contentious political events all over the world. Web-based social networks were used by both statist and protest groups during the electoral period of 2011-2012 in Russia. The paper focuses on two basic aspects of political networking in the Russian segment of the internet. First is the emergence of pro- elite and protest networks aimed to mobilize political participation during the electoral period. Second is the evolution of protest within two years and off-line activity determined by contention in social media. In our survey we take statist and protest clusters of Russian social network “Vkontakte” as an object of analysis. We use network analysis to examine how the networking appeared and occurred during the electoral period and how networks changed two years after. It appears that protest networking in Saint Petersburg institutionalized by many civil initiatives that tend to participate in the political decision-making process.

46 REPUTATION MANAGEMENT ANALYSIS OF THE POLITICAL LEADER IN THE BLOGOSPHERE Olga Filatova and Elvira Chistikova, St. Petersburg State University, Russia Due to the rapid development of social media and the increasing activity of civil society and processes aimed at increasing the transparency of the government, it is extremely topical to study the process of reputation management of a political leader in social media. This article presents an analysis of strategies of reputation management used for Russian President Vladimir Putin at “LiveJournal” and Twitter. While conducting the study we used the method of qualitative content analysis and social media monitoring service IQBuzz. The empirical basis of the research is the publications at “LiveJournal” and Twitter for the period from 1 March 2012 to 31 September 2013, automatically selected by IQBuzz for the keyword “Vladimir Putin”. Also the publications of the fifteen most popular bloggers according to the “LiveJournal” rating were analyzed. This study leads us to several conclusions about the current reputation of President Vladimir Putin in social media, the principles of forming and managing political reputation in the blogosphere. We have identified the following management tools of president reputation in the blogosphere: the active blogging by supporters of the government; commenting on publications whose content is negative to president reputation; debating with readers and bloggers.

47

SOCIAL MOVEMENTS AND COLLECTIVE ACTION AS NETWORK PHENOMENA Part 1

Sunday, June 29, 10:00 – 11:30, room 57 Chair: Mario Diani

THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF COLLECTIVE ACTION PROCESSES Wim Hardyns, Ghent University, Belgium Little research has focused on the spatial distribution of collective action processes, despite collective efficacy’s rising popularity in social research and policy (since Sampson, Raudenbush & Earls, 1997). This study examines the neighbourhood differences in collective action processes and the determinants that explain these differences. Different components of collective action processes are identified by means of factor and reliability analyses using data collected in a cross-sectional study (2012) from 762 inhabitants in 42 neighbourhoods in the city of Ghent (Belgium). Neighborhood differences in collective action processes are explored using hierarchical linear models with cross-level interactions. Significant neighborhood differences are found for collective action processes such as informal social control, social support, social cohesion, social leverage and generalized trust. Our findings suggest that neighborhood collective actions depends on both characteristics of individuals living in the neighborhood (attachment to neighborhood) and characteristics of the neighborhood itself (deprivation and residential turnover). Our analysis further shows that neighborhood deprivation reinforces the negative effect of declining neighborhood attachment on collective action processes. This study foregrounds the importance of contextual effects in encouraging neighbourhood collective action. Given the importance of neighborhood-level characteristics, it can be anticipated collective action promoting initiatives are likely to be more effective when tailored to specific areas. Second, our analyses show that not all forms of collective action are influenced by contextual factors to the same extent. Finally, our analysis has demonstrated that complex interrelationships between individual- and neighborhood–level variables exist, which are often overlooked in current work.

THE ROLE OF PERSONAL NETWORKS IN THE SETTLEMENT PROCESS OF ECUADORIAN AND MOROCCAN IMMIGRANTS IN CATALONIA Joan Miquel Verd-Pericas, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain The objective of the paper is to study the evolution of migrants’ personal networks during their social integration process. It uses a mixed methods research design based on a personal networks survey and biographical interviews applied to a sample of Ecuadorian and Moroccan immigrants living in Catalonia (Spain). Quantitative data is exploited mainly by multivariate procedures. First, cluster analysis is used to obtain a typology of networks that shows the diversity of settlement processes. Second, the effect of the main spheres of sociability (family, labour and community) on those network types is analysed by means of a logistic regression analysis. Third, the mechanisms by which the sociability spheres shape the different kinds of personal networks are identified by means of qualitative analysis. Finally, the paper shows how these processes are affected by intersecting axes of inequality, such as gender and qualification. We conclude sustaining that migrant’s networks and transnational relations need to be observed as a phenomenon rooted in the constraints and opportunities of specific contexts crossed by different axes of inequality.

49 THE ROLE OF PERSONAL NETWORKS IN MIGRANTS’ SOCIAL AND POLITICAL PARTICIPATION: A MIXED METHODS’ APPROACH Mireia Bolibar, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain The objective of this paper is to study the role of social networks in migrants’ social and political participation. It draws on contributions from social capital, governance and especially social movement’s literature to develop a model of relational mechanisms through which social networks are expected to have an impact on participation. The analysis is based on a mixed methods research design that uses a personal networks survey and biographical interviews applied to a sample of Ecuadorian and Moroccan immigrants living in Catalonia (Spain). The paper combines the analysis of quantitative and qualitative data in a sequential and integrated manner to study both social networks’ structures and the role of the content of the relationships in supporting symbolic incentives for participation. The results show the type of motivations, identities and frames as well as the resources and opportunities stemming from networks that encourage different types of social and political involvement. The multilocal nature of migrants’ personal networks, on the interplay between the country of origin, the local ethnic enclave and the broader host society introduce a novel and interesting transnational dimension to the analysis and is able to further advance the discussion on the structural and cultural effects of networks on participation.

RUSSIAN NETWORK FOR THE STUDY OF IDENTITY: THE PROBLEM OF INTERACTION EFFICIENCY Olga Popova, St. Petersburg State University, Russia The report focuses on the problem of the effectiveness of cooperation between Russian scientists involved in the study of identity problems. This network is established on the basis of the Russian Political Science Association as an additional channel of the Research Committee for the Study of political identity. The network is open to researchers interested in the problem of identity. The network is based on voluntary participation. Online publishes articles, monographs, research reports, conference information. There are on-line conferences. This network can be regarded as a social movement, formed a professional group based on common non-commercial, scientific interest. Although the network is interdisciplinary, its basis is political scientists. Although the network has actively involved more than 30 scientists, it is currently experiencing uneven activity. Staff in Moscow and Perm universities and research institutions is more actively involved in research. Network is characterized by non-uniform intensity of contacts, restrictions included in the joint research projects on the basis of subjective interpersonal preferences. It complements the research work off-line.

GLOBAL TERRORISM AS A NET ACTOR OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Alexander Rozanov, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia Global terrorism is an unconventional, network actor in international relations. What do we mean by “network actor”? Currently terrorist organizations communicate with each other on the basis of node interaction. The global terrorist network is formed with a common goal - the destruction of the existing world order and the destabilization of international security. The nodes of the terrorist network can be different (international criminal gangs, drug cartels, shady business structures); they can be expanded with new “links” and “cells”, which makes a global terrorist network more flexible, mobile, dynamic and self-organizing. Network structure implies a constant interaction between all network nodes, the rapid transmission of necessary information on all the links in the network, a joint pooling and allocation of financial, logistical, military, ideological, political and other resources and streams. Thus, the global terrorist network has a high degree of “vitality”: the removal of one or several links from a system won’t lead to terrorism destruction, in this case knots and sources of “life support” of a network will be reconstructed due to merging of links, duplicating each other. Besides, it is important to understand that in a terrorist network the essence of such concepts as “power” and “management” has changed greatly.

50 SOCIAL MOVEMENTS AND COLLECTIVE ACTION AS NETWORK PHENOMENA Part 2

Sunday, June 29, 12:30 – 14:30, room 57 Chair: Mario Diani

TYPES OF ONLINE-SOCIAL NETWORKS USERS: THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL BASE Anna Gnedash and Natalia Ryabchenko, Kuban State University, Ukraine Using various online-technology activates the development of innovative forms of political activity and interaction between civil society, government, political institutions. Social movements produced in the online-sphere arise from the operation of certain online-social networks and online-network communities. Boundaries of such online-social networks, or online communities, online-forms defined semantic concept, divided participants online-sphere and defines the types of users: opinion leaders, sensors, implementers, readers, reputation players. “Opinion leaders” launch wave propagation effects of information and as a result, alter the information and news field, include active authors. “Sensors” - people who collect relevant information within a particular semantic concept, they make up the context. “Implementers” - people who run blogs, the user can select the role of implementer both consciously and not. “Readers” constitute the majority in online-sphere. They are constantly in the online-social networks and do not generate public posts, under certain conditions. “Reputational players” - are the representatives of business and authority. Dedicated user groups are common to all online-social networks and do not depend socio-political situation, but only different patterns of behavior and communication that these types of users form between them, which was confirmed by the authors in the research projects.

DEMOCRATIZATION AS RELATIONAL EVENTS: COEVOLUTIONARY SEQUENCES AND THE COLLAPSE OF THE USSR Diliara Valeeva and Benjamin Lind, National Research University – Higher School of Economics, Russia For over the past decade of social movement research, scholars have made great strides in emphasizing the dynamics of social mobilization. Chief among these contributions are coevolution theories, whereby mobilization grows and declines as a stochastic process, characterized by movement actors who respond with some probability to previous events generated both by the movement as well as by other actors (Oliver and Myers 2002). While such scholarship has raised suspicions regarding aggregated data, it has curiously left disaggregated event combination sequences unexplored. For this study, we evaluate movement coevolution theories using relational event modeling (Butts 2008). This technique allows us to examine complex protest event dependency structures that generalize beyond two-party interaction models. We apply this method to national democratization movements during the collapse of the Soviet Union from 1988 to 1992. This setting proves especially ripe for these analyses given the mutually turbulent relationship between the Russian state and civil society. In addition to developing social movement coevolution theories through integrating a recent modeling technique, our study contributes to scholarship on the subjects of repression, facilitation, and democratization.

AN EXPLANATION OF POLITICAL RECRUITMENT IN TERMS OF SMALL WORLD NETWORKS Francesca Ruisi, University of Palermo, Italy In the light of the small world framework this paper aims to illustrate preliminary empirical findings related to a new born local political phenomenon located in a Western Sicily sea-town and whose name is CambiaMenti. In depth this contribution discusses the enlargement of political movement underlying network structure, from the original foundation to the official launch. In doing that it sheds light on how underlying networks each member of the movement detect is able to give sense to political belief contagion within people relationally closer to members and then able to explain political recruitment in terms of network. Reproducing the same entry order within the movement, every ego-member joining is described not only as an individual recruitment but mostly as a potential structural change of political movement underlying network able to affect political joining and eventually electoral performance.

51 What can be noticed is that in growing enlargement of the political movement underlying network, the tendency to assume a small world topology appears evident. In addition, such an approach represents a preliminary attempt to comprehend the linkage between micro and macro-dimensions depending upon network frame.

SOCIAL TIES AND NETWORKS AS A PRODUCT OF MOBILIZATION PROCESSES: FINDINGS FROM CASE-STUDIES ON URBAN GRASSROOTS MOVEMENTS IN CONTEMPORARY RUSSIA Karine Clement, St. Petersburg State University, Russia Based on several field studies conducted in an ethnographic manner in some Russian towns from 2005 to 2011, my paper aims at questioning relational mechanisms which go along with mobilization processes of various scales. I propose to analyze urban grassroots movements in contemporary Russia from the point of view of social ties, solidarization and networks processes. Indeed, some of the main structural features constraining collective action are the high degree of atomization and mistrust beyond one’s “own” circle. Prior social ties don’t matter very much for mobilization and mostly prevent one from contentious politics. Processes of building social ties rather result from activist practices and repeated interactions. It’s the first stage in mobilization – the emergence of a grassroots initiative. In the second stage, what may occur is a process of movement spread or scale shift which requires other conditions and mechanisms. As mobilizing structures have already emerged, the question is the process of building interconnections between specific grassroots movements. It occurs as a result of several factors, individuals, places, and circumstances: common areas for meeting and assembling; the bridging work of movement leaders; openly named common offenders; the wide circulation of information. This process is fuelled by emotions, feelings, encounters, discussions and experiences.

SOCIAL NETWORKS: NONIDEOLOGICAL MECHANISM OF MOBILIZATION/IMMOBILIZATION Tamara Vlasenko, H.S. Skovoroda Kharkiv National Pedagogical University, Ukraine Information Society (ICTs) changes the mechanisms of integration and mobilization of citizens. Ideological (party) mechanisms are pushed to the periphery of the political process and interaction network algorithms are updated. Internet communication is assumed by ideological functions of articulation, mobilization, integration, socialization, etc. Social networks show a new level of communication and thus create a new quality of civic society. Social networking sites (Twitter, Facebook) and internet generally play an active role in the deployment and operation of the Euromaidan 2013 (informing citizens, coordination of activists, citizens’ integration, articulation of interests, fundraising, organizing accommodation and meals). Social networks create conditions for the dissemination of information, make transparent internet users privacy officials, their fortunes that promotes critical thinking. Social networks require a Ukrainian opposition strategy, a clear plan of action. Opposition reacts in the style of the pre-digital age. Social networks and internet as a means of communication used to immobilize citizens, dirty tricks, disruption of shares, misinformation too. Therefore, a thorough analysis of social networks is possible primarily in the plane of the impact of information strategy, simulation and modeling of the behavior of local groups etc.

HOW TO CONTINUE CIVIC ENGAGEMENT: NETWORKS OF ACTIVISTS AFTER “FOR FAIR ELECTIONS” RALLIES Diliara Valeeva, Svetlana Erpyleva, Natalya Savelyeva and Oleg Zhuravlev, National Research University – Higher School of Economics, Russia In this study we state the question of how Russian civic engagement raised during “For Fair Elections” movement in 2012 might be continued in local activist groups and what is the role of participants’ social networks in the success and sustainability of these groups. We study three local groups in the Moscow and Saint-Petersburg regions aimed at the development of their neighborhood. We took in-depth interviews with group participants on their socioeconomic background, civic activity, friendship and activist ties. Along with ego-networks of each participant and the full network of a group we have qualitative data on the role of activists’ personal ties in their civic activity. We find out that participants of more successful groups (in terms of their benefits for the neighborhood) are more likely to have connections between their friends and activists as well as are more likely to establish friendship ties in a group over time. Then, the members of successful groups are characterized by the active use of their friends’ resources for group needs. Finally, the groups with the leaders having a wide network of differentiated personal ties are more sustainable in their activities.

52 PRACTICAL INFORMATION MAP OF THE CONFERENCE AREA

CONFERENCE VENUE V Faculty of Economics, St. Petersburg State University Tavricheskaya st. 21-25

RECEPTION VENUE R Restaurant “Piter” Mayakovskogo st. 34

53 CONFERENCE HOTELS H1. Hotel Nordic Gospitalnaya st. 4 Telephone: +7 (812) 401 61 62, +7 (812) 401 61 63, +7 (812) 401 61 64 Room prices: from 74 to 103 EUR (Single) Website: http://www.hotel-nordic.ru/index.php/en

H2. Hotel 9 Owls 9th Sovetskaya st. 5 Telephone: +7 (812) 400 24 18 E-mail: [email protected] Room prices: from 105 EUR (Single) Website: http://www.9sov.ru/en

H3. Hotel Forte Inn Grecheskiy 29E Telephone: +7 (812) 309 41 01 E-mail: [email protected] Room prices: from 76 to 96 EUR (Single) Website: http://www.forteinn.ru

H4. Hotel Baskov Baskov lane 6 Telephone: +7 (812) 272 64 93 E-mail: [email protected] Room prices: from 89 EUR (Single) Website: http://baskof-hotel.com

H5. Hotel Austrian Yard Furshtatskaya st. 45 Telephone: +7 (812) 579 82 35 E-mail: [email protected] Room prices: from 95 EUR (Single) Website: http://www.austrianyard.com/en

BANKS, MONEY EXCHANGE, ATMs Nearby banks with ATMs and currency exchange: B1. CitiBank Currency Exchange, ATM Chernyshevskogo prospect 18A Open: Mon-Fri | 10 am–8 pm Telephone: +7 (812) 336 75 75 Website: http://www.vtb24.ru

B2. VTB24, Baltiyskiy bank, Sberbank ATMs Chernyshevskaya metro station (hall) Open: Mon-Sun | 5:38 am–12:25 pm

54 DINING Coffee breaks will be provided to conference participants onsite (see conference time schedule). Participants are also invited to attend the Welcoming Reception taking place on June 28 at 21:00 at restaurant “Piter”. Other recommended cafes and restaurants located close to the conference venue are listed below. 1. University Cafeteria 9. Pizza Hut (Faculty of Economics of St. Petersburg State Italian cuisine - Free Wi-Fi University) Chernyshevskogo prospect 17A Tavricheskaya st. 21-25 Open: Mon-Sun |10 am–11 pm Open: Mon-Sat | 10 am–6:30 pm Average price: 500-1500 RUB (10-30 EUR) Average price: under 500 RUB (10 EUR) Telephone: +7 (812) 275 07 86

2. Yemelyan 10. Idealnaya Chashka Russian cuisine - Free Wi-Fi Russian cuisine, cafeteria Tchaikovskogo st. 83/7 Kirochnaya st. 19 Open: Mon-Sun | 11 am–11 pm Open: Mon-Sun | 7 am–11 pm Average price: 500-1500 RUB (10-30 EUR) Average price: under 500 RUB (10 EUR) Telephone: +7 (812) 579 43 79 Telephone: +7 (812) 275 58 35 Website: http://chudo-spb.ru 11. Saloon Montana 3. Tyan Tsin American cuisine - Free Wi-Fi Chinese cuisine Kirochnaya st. 20 Tchaikovskogo st. 75 Open: Mon-Wed, Sun |12 am–1 am; Open: Mon-Sun | 11 am–11 pm Thu-Sat | 12 am–2 am Average price: under 500 RUB (10 EUR) Average price: 500-1500 RUB (10-30 EUR) Telephone: +7 (812) 275 57 31 Telephone: +7 (812) 272 70 35 Website: http://eng.triton-restoran.ru 4. Pagoda Mot Kot Vietnamese cuisine - Free Wi-Fi 12. Puzata Khata Tchaikovskogo st. 50 Ukrainian cuisine Open: Mon-Sun | 12 am–12 pm Nekrasova st. 40 Average price: 500-1500 RUB (10-30 EUR) Open: Mon-Sun |12 am–12 pm Telephone: +7 (812) 275 14 46 Average price: 500-1500 RUB (10-30 EUR) Telephone: +7 (812) 719 75 74 5. Tchulanchik Russian, European cuisine 13. Samba Sushi Tchaikovskogo st. 46-48 Japanese cuisine - Free Wi-Fi Open: Mon-Sun | 11 am–11 pm Grecheskiy av. 10 Average price: under 500 RUB (10 EUR) Open: Mon-Sun |12 am–11 pm Telephone: +7 (812) 275 99 26 Average price: 500-1500 RUB (10-30 EUR) Telephone: +7 (812) 579 45 33 6. Subway Website: http://www.sambasushi.ru American cuisine, fast food - Free Wi-Fi Tchaikovskogo st. 63 14. Francesco Open: Mon-Sun | 10 am–9 pm Italian cuisine - Free Wi-Fi Average price: under 500 RUB (10 EUR) Suvorovskiy av. 47 Telephone: +7 (812) 272 87 02 Open: Mon- Sun |9 am–1 am Average price: 1000-2000 RUB (20-40 EUR) 7. Kolobok Telephone: +7 (812) 275 05 52 Russian cuisine - Free Wi-Fi Website: http://www.restoran-francesco.ru Tchaikovskogo st. 40 Open: Mon-Sun | 7:30 am–9 pm Piter Average price: under 500 RUB (10 EUR) R Reception venue on June 28 Telephone: +7 (812) 275 38 65 Russian, European cuisine Website: www.kolobok.spb.ru Mayakovskogo st. 34 Open: Mon-Sun |11 am–11 pm 8. Sunduk Average price: 500-1500 RUB (10-30 EUR) European, Russian cuisine Telephone: +7 (812) 719 60 87 Furshtatskaya st. 42 Website: http://piter-catering.com/restaurants/piter Open: Mon-Fri | 10 am–12 pm; Sat, Sun | 11 am–12 pm Average price: 500-1500 RUB (10-30 EUR) Telephone: +7 (812) 272 31 00 Website: http://www.cafesunduk.ru/en

55 INTERNET CONNECTION

The conference venue (Faculty of Economics of St. Petersburg State University) is covered by free wireless Internet connection. Access code: Economist70 ELECTRICITY

The electric current in Russia operates at 220 Volts and uses C type plugs, which is a European standard. Please, make sure that you have the necessary adapters PHONE CALLS

Mobile Telephone: You should verify that your phone company has an international roaming agreement with St. Petersburg network. Local operators include Megaphone GSM, Bee Line GSM, Mobile Telesystems GSM, Sky Link, Tele2. Handsets can be hired from the companies; SIM-cards are very cheap and can be purchased without a contract. Mobile phone shops are widespread around the city. GSM 900/1800 (not GSM 1900), CDMA, AMPS/D-AMPS and NMT-450 standards are supported in St. Petersburg. Dialing a mobile number from another mobile phone: +7 – the code (different mobile operators have different codes, that are a part of the mobile number, e.g., 921, 911) – the number itself. Phone Calls to St. Petersburg: the code for Russia is +7, St. Petersburg city code is 812. COPY SHOPS Print, scan and copy services are available at: C1. Printsburg Copy Shop C2. Соpygo Copy Shop Print, scan, copy etc. Print, scan, copy etc. Kirochnaya st. 27 (2nd floor) Kirochnaya st. 24 Open: Mon-Fri | 8 am–10 pm; Open: Mon-Fri | 9 am–9 pm; Sat, Sun | 9 am–9 pm Sat | 10 am–4 pm Price: 15 RUB (30 Cents) per A4 print Price: 5-9 RUB (10-20 Cents) per A4 print Telephone: +7 (812) 313 16 90 Telephone: +7 (812) 677 64 07 Website: http://printsburg.ru Website: http://copygo.ru

56 ARCHITECTURE AND MUSEUMS

The conference venue is situated close to the historical center of St. Petersburg. You can easily get to Nevsky Prospect (the main avenue of the city and an important landmark) by metro (from Chernyshevskaya station to Ploshchad Vosstaniya / Mayakovskaya, Nevskiy prospekt / Gostinyy Dvor and Admiralteyskaya stations) by public bus № 22 or taking a 20 minutes walk. You can also find a number of things to see close to the conference venue: M1. Suvorov Memorial Museum M4. The State Historical and Memorial Museum Military museum dedicated to the memory of “Smolny” Generalissimo Alexander Suvorov Proletarskoy Diktatury square 3 Kirochnaya st. 43 Open: Mon-Thu | 10 am–6 pm; Fri | 3 pm–6 pm Open: Wed | 1 pm–9 pm; Thu-Sun | 10 am–6 pm Guided visits by appointment Entry tickets: 100-300 RUB (2-6 EUR) Telephone: +7 (812) 326 69 11 Telephone: +7 (812) 579 39 14 Website: http://www.russianmuseum.ru/m109 Website: http://suvorovmuseum.ru M5. Petr Kozlov's Memorial Museum-Apartment M2. Museum complex “The Universe of Water” Memorial Museum of Russian voyager and The exhibitions are placed in the Water Tower geographer Petr Kozlov and the building of the former reservoir of the Smolny prospect 6 Main Water Works. Open: Tue-Fri | 12 am–6 pm Shpalernaya st. 56 Guided visits by appointment Open: Wed-Sun | 10 am–7 pm Telephone: +7 (812) 710 03 50, (812) 577 12 43 Entry tickets: 150 RUB (4 EUR) Website: http://kozlov-museum.ru/english Telephone: +7 (812) 438 43 75 Website: http://www.vodokanal-museum.ru/en/ M6. Museum of the History of Parliamentarism muzejnyj_kompleks/kratkaya_informaciya in Russia Museum situated in the Taurida Palace M3. Smolny Cathedral Shpalernaya st. 47 Rastrelli square 1 Open: Mon-Fri | 10 am–5 pm Open: Mon, Tue, Thu-Sun | 10:30 am–6 pm Guided visits by appointment Entry tickets: 150 RUB (3 EUR) Telephone: +7 (812) 326 69 11 Telephone: +7 (812) 710 31 59 Website: http://mipr.org.ru Website: http://eng.cathedral.ru

INFORMATION ON RUSSIA AND ST. PETERSBURG www.travel.spb.ru in English www.sanktpetersburg.ru in German www.russland-aktuell.ru in German www.hermitage.ru Hermitage Museum, in various languages www.mariinsky.ru Mariinsky Theatre, in various languages www.rusmuseum.ru The Russian Museum, in various languages www.philharmonia.spb.ru Schostakovich Philarmonia, in various languages www.sptimes.ru St. Petersburg Times – On-line Newspaper in English

57 METRO IN ST. PETERSBURG

*The Metro is functioning daily from 05.30 to 00.00.

58 BRIDGES Please, keep in mind that the drawbridges across the Neva River are raised during the navigation and some parts of the city can become out of reach at night. Bridges in St. Petersburg are lifted as follows: Alexandra Nevskogo 2:20–5:10 pm Birzhevoy 2:00–4:55 pm Blagovechensky 1:25–2:45 pm; 3:10–5:00 pm Bolsheokhtinskiy (Petra Velikogo) 1:40–5:00 pm Finlyandskiy 2:20–5:30 pm Grenaderskiy 1:30–4:30 pm Kantemirovskiy 1:30–4:30 pm Liteiny 1:20–5:00 pm Sampsoniyevskiy 1:30–4:30 pm Troitskiy 1:15–5:05 pm Tuchkov 2:00–2:55 pm; 3:35–4:55 pm Volodarskiy 2:00–3:45 pm; 4:15–5:45pm TAXIS

Taxi Lux Telephone: +7 (812) 332 59 59 Website: http://www.3333233.ru/en Taxi 6000000 Telephone: +7 (812) 600 00 00 Website: http://6-000-000.ru/en Peterburgskoye Taxi Telephone: +7 (812) 324 77 77 Website: http://taxi068.ru AIRPORT TRANSPORTATION

IMPORTANT: we strongly recommend choosing one of the following options: 1. use a taxi counter located in the airport hall or dial any of the numbers above; we advise not to use the services of unofficial taxis at the doorway and outside of the airport, even if they appear to look like the official ones; 2. take a public bus № 13 or 39 in front of the airport to the metro station Moskovskaya and then travel by metro (see the map above). SUPPORT

Centre for German and European Studies in St. Petersburg: 7/9 Universitetskaya nab. (Mendeleev-Centre), 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia E-Mail: [email protected] Tel./Fax: +7 (812) 324 08 85. In case of emergency you can call CGES Administrator Ms. Aleksandra Koltcova on the mobile: +7 (921) 777 26 76.

59 Organisers

St. Petersburg State University

Bielefeld University

Centre for German and European Studies

International Sociological Association

German Academic Exchange Service

Konrad Adenauer Foundation

Junior Sociologists Network International Sociological Association

Council of Young Scientists Faculty of Sociology St. Petersburg State University

Inter-University Center for Science and Education Programmes in Social Communication

Media partner

Center for Social Technologies