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"Chini Khaneh" and "Haram Khana"; Two Important Buildings in the Sheikh Safi Al-Din Ardabili Complex; from Famous Monuments "Islamic Architecture" in Ardabil (Iran)

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Journal of Multidisciplinary Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST) ISSN: 3159-0040 Vol. 1 Issue 5, December - 2014 Archaeology, Art and Architecture "Chini Khaneh" and "Haram Khana"; Two important buildings in the Sheikh Safi al-Din Ardabili complex; from famous monuments "Islamic architecture" in Ardabil (Iran). 1Dr. Habib Shahbazi Shiran Department of Archaeology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, UMA. Ardabil-Islamic Republic of Iran. E-mail: [email protected] 2Dr. Ilhama Mammadova Azerbaiyjan National Academy of Sciences. Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography. Baku-Republic of Azerbaijan. Introduction Abstract: Ardabil is one of the provinces of Iran's wide The mausoleum of shikh safi, in the city of extensive ,which is located in north west of Iran with Ardebil in northern part of iran,can be considered more than 17880km^2 area and allocated itself another fine example of religious building approximately 1.09% of total area of Iran. The historic construction. &religious city of Ardabil is its capital. According to the The mausoleum is one of the most beautiful latest national distribution Ardabil province includes 9 historical and Islamic structures and is regarded townships, 25 wards, 21 cities and 21 rural districts. At as one of the most important ancient structures of 1993 this province separated from eastern Azarbaijan the country. The structure was built up in 735 province and became independent. Lunar Hejira by Sheikh Sadreddin Mousa, son of Ardabil province with 282.5km common border Sheikh Safi and was respected especially during neighbor by Parsabad ,Aslanduz, Bilesuar, Germi, the Safavid dynasty by the kings. Namin cities is neighbor with Republic of Azarbaijan The complex is composed of a group of and also Aslanduz, Muogan's Bilesuar have land road stunning architectural structures including Tomb relationship with Republic of Azarbaijan. of Sheikh Safi (Allah Allah Dome), Shah Ismail I Zanjan province is southern neighbor of Ardabil tomb, Chelleh Khaneh (Khaneqah), Dar al-Hadith, province which has 62.5km common border with mosque of Jannat sara, Chini Khaneh (ceramic khalkhal. gallery, in fact one of the oldest museums established in Iran in 16th century), Qandil Eastern natural borders of Ardabil province are Khaneh (Lantern hall), the Haram Khaneh (ladies Talysh chain of mountains which is located between chamber), Shahidgah Cemetery, main courtyard Ardabil and Gyilan provinces, are beautiful also and some other buildings. Mainly all parts of the difficult Heyran and Asalem turnings. complex are completed during Safavid periods, Ardabil province is neighbor with Gylan province by mostly at the time of Shah-Abbas. 175km common border with Ardabil, Givi and Khalkhal The complex of Sheikh Safi-ad-din Ardabili of cities. Outstanding Universal Value as an artistic and Ardabil province from aspect of geographical architectural masterpiece and an outstanding coordination is located in 45, 37 and 42, 48 northern representation of the fundamental principles of circle according to GMT and northern, southern end of Sufism. Ilkhanid and Timurid architectural 55,48and 3, 47 western and eastern end meridians languages, influenced by Sufi philosophy, have and surrounded by Bagro and Sabalan chain created new spatial forms and decorative mountains. patterns. Talysh or Bagro Mountains are extension of Alborz Keywords: Ardabil, Sheikh Safi al-Din Ardabili, chain of mountains which separate Ardabil province Safavid period, Architectural, Chini Khaneh, from Gylan province and is extended from khorasan to Haram-khana. Gafgaz. These chain mountains have approximately 40 km. distance from Ardabil and are located at the east of Ardabil. www.jmest.org JMESTN42350197 126 Journal of Multidisciplinary Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST) ISSN: 3159-0040 Vol. 1 Issue 5, December - 2014 Sabalan Mountain has 4820 meters height from The complex of Sheikh Safi-ad-din Ardabili is one sea surface and located in the west of Ardabil by it is of the main sights in the city of Ardabil. distance as much as it's eastern chain of mountains Sheikh Abu'l-Fath Ishaq, known as Safi al-Din namely 40 km. Ardabili, is the eponymous founder of the Safawiyya Old historians have introduced Ardabil as "Artavil" order of Sufiism and is hence considered the founder have supposed this name as a Avestian word which is of the Safavid Dynasty. upon his death in 1334, he made up of Arta (means holy) and Vil (means city) was buried in a tomb tower adjoining his Khanqah that means holy city. outside the city walls of Ardabil. His burial site became a center of pilgrimage soon after, one richly endowed Most of Islamic historians refer foundation of by Safavid rulers, many of whom were also buried Ardabil city to Firouz, Sasanians dynasty king (457- there. 489 A.D). Tombs set of elders, and the Safavid kings Ardabil had political and military importance in Mashayekh and ritual and worship spaces in Ardebil. Hakhamaneshian dynasty era and was central station Parts of this history, according to their period of of Iranian camp for protection and maintenance of Sheikh Safi, Persian mystic name, and his sons, northern borders of Iran. Sheikh Musa Sadr and Khwaja Ali Black, arrive. Referring to the Avesta citation, Zoroaster (Iranian Nvshth to sources, home and hospice Sheikh Safi prophet) borne beside to "Daeita" river which is known was the same place, and so will he, in a room next to as Aras river now .He went to "Badan pirouz"(Ardabil his corpse Khlvtkhanh spring house and garden and now) for spreading his religion. buried and his tomb built building. Since the importance and sanctity of this place and found some A war occurred and zoroasterians reached all of Mashayekh and incest and the Safavid dynasty, Shah villages and around small towns. Ismail I (Engraved: 907-930) and a group of war Life time and invitation of the ancient Iranian victims and Shirvan Chaldoran Jvarmrqd Sheikh were prophet was approximately at10 centuries BC or 30 buried. Since the Shah Tahmasp, was developed and centuries before this date. According to this, 30 monument building safe place and shut (see close centuries is passing from Ardabil's foundation and its and shut Down) were also considered for entry to its history refers to first period of immigration of Arias to procedures and was considered far Hftganh path. Iran. According to historians, beginning of that The complex of Sheikh Safi-ad-din Ardabili is an immigration has been from 3000 years to 14th century impressive ancient monument, comprising the B.C. following components: If "urartou"s were the first Arian peoples who had Tomb Tower of Shaykh Safi: residence in this area and had influence on foundation of Ardabil, therefore Ardabil's history is much older Sheikh Safi tomb which has been made by sheikh than by manifestation of Zoroaster in Ardabil .At the Sadreddin [The Second Son of Sheikh Safi]‚ it has time of Arabs attack to Iran (22A.H.), Ardabil was the been built as octagon from interior and its exterior part biggest city of Azerbaijan which reached to Islam's is as a circular tower which is placed famous "The troops Allah-Allah" dome on top of it. This tower that its dome covering is from Nar broken type and its Between 267to 317A.H, this city was capital of circumference is 22 meters. It is located over a base "Bani Saj" dynasty's government that had transferred of octagonal plinths of a wall to 1/5 m height and all of the governing from Marage to Ardabil. Till Mongolian their height (plinth of a wall, tower and dome) is about king attack ,Ardabil was the capital of Azerbaijan's 17/5 m. government .Esmaeil ,one of the Safavian dynasty kings, revolted from Ardabil for establishing of unique Tomb of Shah Ismail (One who is the founder of government in Iran and in 906A.H. put Tabriz as Safavid dynasty and ruled as Iran’s Shah about capital of Iran . quarter of a century): In Safavian era, Ardabil was in the highest level of The tomb’s chamber consists of a design or politics and commerce ranking in compare with other pattern almost as square shape and dome-shaped cities in Iran. This city was on the way of business covering which is placed over four secanj fill push and road of Iran and Europe and come silk and four crossing arches that is made from each sekanj merchandise from Gylan were exporting to Europe by edge to the other sekanj edge and through this, it Ardabil. creates a concave octagon star at the end of dome. Ardabil province with so many natural and The upper part of tomb is including a brick cylinder historical attractions is one of the main tourism axes in which is situated over a base with unproper form and Iran. Heiran turning's green landscapes, Sabalan's full its side is irregular and are covered with brick Its all of snow foot, spas natural lakes, ponds, nice and level. The upper cylinder has a diameter larger than fresh weather and so many other historic important prismatic base of inferior shape. buildings are some of Ardabil's tourism attractions. Jannat-sara mosque: www.jmest.org JMESTN42350197 127 Journal of Multidisciplinary Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST) ISSN: 3159-0040 Vol. 1 Issue 5, December - 2014 Janat-sara building, was constructed by Shah Although we do not know exact history about the Tahmasb. There are several carved gravestones Janat-sara building and their evolution, but according within this building, representing that they are belong to its architecture, we think that probably it belongs to to Safavid period. The occurrence of these carved pre-Savafid period. gravestones with different date, indicate that this Also Khānegāh, Chini Khaneh, Haram-khana and building has been the place for Safavi great men other buildings (Figs.
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