Hypertension Medication Reference

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Hypertension Medication Reference Name Generic Names Brand Names ACE Inhibitor/Thiazide Combo benazepril/hydrochlorothiazide, captopril/hydrochlorothiazide, Accuretic, Capozide, Lotensin HCT, Monopril-BCT, Proinzide, enalapril/hydrochlorothiazide, moexipril/hydrochlorothiazide, Uniretic, Vaseretic, Zestoretic quinapril/hydrochlorothiazide ACE Inhibitors benazepril, enalapril, enalaprilat, fosinopril, lisinopril, moexipril, Accupril, Aceon, altace, Capoten, Lotensin, Lotrel, Mavick, Commonly ends in “pril” perindopril, quinapril, ramipril, trandolapril, Monopril, Prinivil, Tarka, Univasc, Vasotec, Zestril ARB/Thiazide Combo losartan/hydrochlorothiazide Atacand HCT, Benicar HCT, Diovan HCT, Exforge HCT, Hyzaar, Micardis HCT, Teveten HCT, Tribenzor ARBs losartan Avapro, Azor, Benicar, Cozaar, Diovan, Edarbi, Exforge, Commonly ends in “sartan” Micardis, Teveten, Twynsta, Valturna Alpha Agonists, Central clonidine, guanabenz, guanfacine, methyldopa, Aldomet, Catapres, Clorpres, Nexiclon XR, Tenex Alpha Blockers, Peripheral doxazosin, prazosin, terazosin Cardura, Hytrin, Minipress Commonly ends in “osin” Beta Blocker/Thiazide Combo atenolol/chlorthalidone, bisoprolol/hydrochlorothiazide, Corzide, Lopressor HCT, Tenoretic, Ziac metoprolol/hydrochlorothiazide, nadolol/bendroflumethiazide Beta Blockers acebutolol, atenolol, betaxolol, bisoprolol, carvedilol, esmolol, Betapace, Brevibloc, Bystolic, Coreg, Corgard, Inderal, Commonly ends in “olol” labetalol, metoprolol, nadolol, pindolol, propranolol, sotalol, InnoPran XL, Kerlone, Levatol, Lopressor, Tenormin, Toprol- timolol XL, Trandate, Zebeta CCBs, Dihydropyridine amlodipine, felodipine, isradipine, nicardipine, nifedipine, Adalat CC, Amturnide, Azor, Caduet, Cardene, Cardene SR, nimodipine, nisoldipine Cleviprex, Dynacirc CR, Exforge HCT, Lotrel, Nimotop, Norvasc, Plendil, Procardia, Procardia XL, sular, Tekamlo, Tribenzor, Twynsta CCBs, Non-dihydropyridine diltiazem, verapamil Calan, Calan SR, Cardizem, Cartia XT, Covera-HS, Dilacor XR, Dilt-CD, Diltia XT, Isoptin SR, Tarka, Taztia XT, Tiazac, Verelan Diuretics 1: Loop bumetanide, furosemide, toresemide Bumex, Demadex, Edecrin, Lasix Diuretics 2: Thiazide chlorothiazide, chlorthalidone, hydrochlorothiazide, Aldactazide, Amturnide, Clorpres, Diuril, dyazide, Esidrix, indapamide, methyclothiazide, metolazone Hydra-Zide, Lozol, Maxzide, Microzide, Tekturna HCT, Zaroxolyn Diuretics 3: Potassium-Sparing amiloride, spironolactone, triamterene Aldactazide, Aldactone, Dyazide, Dyrenium, Maxzide, Midamor Vasodilators/Nitrates hydralazine, minoxidil Imdur New medications are created frequently. Users are encouraged to consult appropriate reference for unfamiliar medications. .

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Table 2. 2012 AGS Beers Criteria for Potentially

Table 2. 2012 AGS Beers Criteria for Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults Strength of Organ System/ Recommendat Quality of Recomm Therapeutic Category/Drug(s) Rationale ion Evidence endation References Anticholinergics (excludes TCAs) First-generation antihistamines Highly anticholinergic; Avoid Hydroxyzin Strong Agostini 2001 (as single agent or as part of clearance reduced with e and Boustani 2007 combination products) advanced age, and promethazi Guaiana 2010 Brompheniramine tolerance develops ne: high; Han 2001 Carbinoxamine when used as hypnotic; All others: Rudolph 2008 Chlorpheniramine increased risk of moderate Clemastine confusion, dry mouth, Cyproheptadine constipation, and other Dexbrompheniramine anticholinergic Dexchlorpheniramine effects/toxicity. Diphenhydramine (oral) Doxylamine Use of diphenhydramine in Hydroxyzine special situations such Promethazine as acute treatment of Triprolidine severe allergic reaction may be appropriate. Antiparkinson agents Not recommended for Avoid Moderate Strong Rudolph 2008 Benztropine (oral) prevention of Trihexyphenidyl extrapyramidal symptoms with antipsychotics; more effective agents available for treatment of Parkinson disease. Antispasmodics Highly anticholinergic, Avoid Moderate Strong Lechevallier- Belladonna alkaloids uncertain except in Michel 2005 Clidinium-chlordiazepoxide effectiveness. short-term Rudolph 2008 Dicyclomine palliative Hyoscyamine care to Propantheline decrease Scopolamine oral secretions. Antithrombotics Dipyridamole, oral short-acting* May
In Silico Methods for Drug Repositioning and Drug-Drug Interaction Prediction

In silico Methods for Drug Repositioning and Drug-Drug Interaction Prediction Pathima Nusrath Hameed ORCID: 0000-0002-8118-9823 Submitted in total fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Mechanical Engineering THE UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE May 2018 Copyright © 2018 Pathima Nusrath Hameed All rights reserved. No part of the publication may be reproduced in any form by print, photoprint, microfilm or any other means without written permission from the author. Abstract Drug repositioning and drug-drug interaction (DDI) prediction are two fundamental ap- plications having a large impact on drug development and clinical care. Drug reposi- tioning aims to identify new uses for existing drugs. Moreover, understanding harmful DDIs is essential to enhance the effects of clinical care. Exploring both therapeutic uses and adverse effects of drugs or a pair of drugs have significant benefits in pharmacology. The use of computational methods to support drug repositioning and DDI prediction en- able improvements in the speed of drug development compared to in vivo and in vitro methods. This thesis investigates the consequences of employing a representative training sam- ple in achieving better performance for DDI classification. The Positive-Unlabeled Learn- ing method introduced in this thesis aims to employ representative positives as well as reliable negatives to train the binary classifier for inferring potential DDIs. Moreover, it explores the importance of a finer-grained similarity metric to represent the pairwise drug similarities. Drug repositioning can be approached by new indication detection. In this study, Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification is used as the primary source to determine the indications/therapeutic uses of drugs for drug repositioning.
Antihypertensive Agents Using ALZET Osmotic Pumps

ALZET® Bibliography References on the Administration of Antihypertensive Agents Using ALZET Osmotic Pumps 1. Atenolol Q7652: W. B. Zhao, et al. Stimulation of beta-adrenoceptors up-regulates cardiac expression of galectin-3 and BIM through the Hippo signalling pathway. British Journal of Pharmacology 2019;176(14):2465-2481 Agents: Isoproterenol; propranolol; carvedilol; atenolol; ICI-118551 Vehicle: saline; ascorbic acid, buffered; Route: SC; Species: Mice; Pump: 2001; Duration: 1 day; 2 days; 7 days; ALZET Comments: Dose ((ISO 0.6, 6, 20 mg/kg/d), (Prop 2 mg/kg/d), (Carv 2 mg/kg/d), (AT 2 mg/kg/d), (ICI 1 mg/kg/d)); saline with 0.4 mM ascorbic acid used; Controls were non-transgenic and received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (12-16 weeks, Male, (C57BL/6J, beta2-TG, Mst1-TG, or dnMst1-TG)); ICI-118551 is a beta2-antagonist with the structure (2R,3S)-1-[(7-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl)oxy]-3-(propan-2-ylamino)butan-2-ol; cardiovascular; Minipumps were removed to allow for washout of ISO overnight prior to imaging; Q7241: M. N. Nguyen, et al. Mechanisms responsible for increased circulating levels of galectin-3 in cardiomyopathy and heart failure. Sci Rep 2018;8(1):8213 Agents: Isoproterenol, Atenolol, ICI-118551 Vehicle: Saline, ascorbic acid; Route: SC; Species: Mice; Pump: Not Stated; Duration: 48 Hours; ALZET Comments: Dose: ISO (2, 6 or 30 mg/kg/day; atenolol (2 mg/kg/day), ICI-118551 (1 mg/kg/day); 0.4 mM ascorbic used; animal info (12 14 week-old C57Bl/6 mice); cardiovascular; Q6161: C.
DIURETICS Diuretics Are Drugs That Promote the Output of Urine Excreted by the Kidneys

DIURETICS Diuretics are drugs that promote the output of urine excreted by the Kidneys. The primary action of most diuretics is the direct inhibition of Na+ transport at one or more of the four major anatomical sites along the nephron, where Na+ reabsorption takes place. The increased excretion of water and electrolytes by the kidneys is dependent on three different processes viz., glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption (active and passive) and tubular secretion. Diuretics are very effective in the treatment of Cardiac oedema, specifically the one related with congestive heart failure. They are employed extensively in various types of disorders, for example, nephritic syndrome, diabetes insipidus, nutritional oedema, cirrhosis of the liver, hypertension, oedema of pregnancy and also to lower intraocular and cerebrospinal fluid pressure. Therapeutic Uses of Diuretics i) Congestive Heart Failure: The choice of the diuretic would depend on the severity of the disorder. In an emergency like acute pulmonary oedema, intravenous Furosemide or Sodium ethacrynate may be given. In less severe cases. Hydrochlorothiazide or Chlorthalidone may be used. Potassium-sparing diuretics like Spironolactone or Triamterene may be added to thiazide therapy. ii) Essential hypertension: The thiazides usually sever as primary antihypertensive agents. They may be used as sole agents in patients with mild hypertension or combined with other antihypertensives in more severe cases. iii) Hepatic cirrhosis: Potassium-sparing diuretics like Spironolactone may be employed. If Spironolactone alone fails, then a thiazide diuretic can be added cautiously. Furosemide or Ethacrymnic acid may have to be used if the oedema is regractory, together with spironolactone to lessen potassium loss. Serum potassium levels should be monitored periodically.
Treatment Strategies for Patients with Lower Extremity Chronic Venous Disease (LECVD)

Evidence-based Practice Center Systematic Review Protocol Project Title: Treatment Strategies for Patients with Lower Extremity Chronic Venous Disease (LECVD) Project ID: DVTT0515 Initial publication date if applicable: March 7, 2016 Amendment Date(s) if applicable: May 6th, 2016 (Amendments Details–see Section VII) I. Background for the Systematic Review Lower extremity chronic venous disease (LECVD) is a heterogeneous term that encompasses a variety of conditions that are typically classified based on the CEAP classification, which defines LECVD based on Clinical, Etiologic, Anatomic, and Pathophysiologic parameters. This review will focus on treatment strategies for patients with LECVD, which will be defined as patients who have had signs or symptoms of LE venous disease for at least 3 months. Patients with LECVD can be asymptomatic or symptomatic, and they can exhibit a myriad of signs including varicose veins, telangiectasias, LE edema, skin changes, and/or ulceration. The etiology of chronic venous disease includes venous dilation, venous reflux, (venous) valvular incompetence, mechanical compression (e.g., May-Thurner syndrome), and post-thrombotic syndrome. Because severity of disease and treatment are influenced by anatomic segment, LECVD is also categorized by anatomy (iliofemoral vs. infrainguinal veins) and type of veins (superficial veins, perforating veins, and deep veins). Finally, the pathophysiology of LECVD is designated typically as due to the presence of venous reflux, thrombosis, and/or obstruction. LECVD is common
And Antagonists Between the Pithed Rabbit and Rat J.M

Br. J. Pharmac. (1987), 91, 457-466 Difference in the potency ofa2-adrenoceptor agonists and antagonists between the pithed rabbit and rat J.M. Bulloch, 'J.R. Docherty, 2N.A. Flavahan, J.C. McGrath & C.E. McKean Institute ofPhysiology, University ofGlasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland 1 The subtypes ofa-adrenoceptors which mediate pressor responses to sympathomimetic agonists or to nerve stimulation in pithed rabbits have been classified according to the effects of 'selective' antagonists and a comparison has been made, for the xt2-subtype, with corresponding responses in the rat. 2 In the rabbit the dose-response curve for phenylephrine was shifted to the right in parallel by prazosin (1 mg kg-') and was unaffected by rauwolscine (1 mg kg '). The dose-response curve for noradrenaline was shifted to the right by prazosin (I mg kg -') and was shifted to a smaller extent by rauwolscine (1 mg kg -') or imiloxan (1Omg kg-'). After rauwolscine, prazosin produced a rightward shift larger than when given alone. After prazosin, rauwolscine produced a rightward shift larger than when given alone. 3 The responses to pressor nerve stimulation at low frequencies (< 1 Hz) could be reduced by prazosin, rauwolscine or imiloxan but those at a higher frequency could be reduced only by prazosin. 4 These results indicate that the responses to noradrenaline or to nerve stimulation are mediated by both a,- and a2-adrenoceptors. Low doses or frequencies have a proportionately greater component which is M2 5 Responses to noradrenaline after prazosin (1 mg kg -'), were sufficiently sensitive to rauwolscine to be considered as predominantly a2.
Current and Experimental Therapeutics for the Treatment of Opioid Addiction

105 CURRENT AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS FOR THE TREATMENT OF OPIOID ADDICTION PAUL J. FUDALA GEORGE E. WOODY Currently, numerous effective pharmacologic and behav- ing treatment have been addicted to heroin or other opioids ioral therapies are available for the treatment of opioid ad- for 2 to 3 years, some for 30 years or more. Thus, treatment diction, and these two types of therapies often are combined usually involves changes in patients’ lifestyles. Although to optimize patient management. Newer therapeutic op- generally ineffective in producing sustained remission unless tions may take various forms. For example, methadone combined with long-term pharmacologic, psychosocial, or maintenance is an established treatment modality, whereas behavioral therapies, detoxification alone continues to be the use of buprenorphine and naloxone in an office-based widely used and studied. It is sometimes the only option setting represents a new variation on that theme. Clonidine available for patients who do not meet United States Food has been used extensively to ameliorate opioid withdrawal and Drug Administration (FDA) criteria for, do not desire, signs, whereas lofexidine is a structural analogue that ap- or do not have access to agonist medications such as metha- pears to have less hypotensive and sedating effects. The done or methadyl acetate (L-␣-acetylmethadol or LAAM). depot dosage form of naltrexone, currently under develop- The detoxification process may include use of opioid ment, may increase compliance with a medication that has agonists (e.g., methadone), partial agonists (e.g., buprenor- been an effective opioid antagonist but that has been un- phine), antagonists (e.g., naloxone, naltrexone), or nonopi- derused secondary to patient nonacceptance.
Ehealth DSI [Ehdsi V2.2.2-OR] Ehealth DSI – Master Value Set

MTC eHealth DSI [eHDSI v2.2.2-OR] eHealth DSI – Master Value Set Catalogue Responsible : eHDSI Solution Provider PublishDate : Wed Nov 08 16:16:10 CET 2017 © eHealth DSI eHDSI Solution Provider v2.2.2-OR Wed Nov 08 16:16:10 CET 2017 Page 1 of 490 MTC Table of Contents epSOSActiveIngredient 4 epSOSAdministrativeGender 148 epSOSAdverseEventType 149 epSOSAllergenNoDrugs 150 epSOSBloodGroup 155 epSOSBloodPressure 156 epSOSCodeNoMedication 157 epSOSCodeProb 158 epSOSConfidentiality 159 epSOSCountry 160 epSOSDisplayLabel 167 epSOSDocumentCode 170 epSOSDoseForm 171 epSOSHealthcareProfessionalRoles 184 epSOSIllnessesandDisorders 186 epSOSLanguage 448 epSOSMedicalDevices 458 epSOSNullFavor 461 epSOSPackage 462 © eHealth DSI eHDSI Solution Provider v2.2.2-OR Wed Nov 08 16:16:10 CET 2017 Page 2 of 490 MTC epSOSPersonalRelationship 464 epSOSPregnancyInformation 466 epSOSProcedures 467 epSOSReactionAllergy 470 epSOSResolutionOutcome 472 epSOSRoleClass 473 epSOSRouteofAdministration 474 epSOSSections 477 epSOSSeverity 478 epSOSSocialHistory 479 epSOSStatusCode 480 epSOSSubstitutionCode 481 epSOSTelecomAddress 482 epSOSTimingEvent 483 epSOSUnits 484 epSOSUnknownInformation 487 epSOSVaccine 488 © eHealth DSI eHDSI Solution Provider v2.2.2-OR Wed Nov 08 16:16:10 CET 2017 Page 3 of 490 MTC epSOSActiveIngredient epSOSActiveIngredient Value Set ID 1.3.6.1.4.1.12559.11.10.1.3.1.42.24 TRANSLATIONS Code System ID Code System Version Concept Code Description (FSN) 2.16.840.1.113883.6.73 2017-01 A ALIMENTARY TRACT AND METABOLISM 2.16.840.1.113883.6.73 2017-01
Add-On Effect of Bedtime Dosing of the Α1-Adrenergic Receptor

1097 Hypertens Res Vol.30 (2007) No.11 p.1097-1105 Original Article Add-On Effect of Bedtime Dosing of the α1 -Adrenergic Receptor Antagonist Doxazosin on Morning Hypertension and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Patients Undergoing Long-Term Amlodipine Monotherapy Toshio IKEDA1), Tomoko GOMI1), Yuko SHIBUYA1), Shingo SHINOZAKI1), Yoshifumi SUZUKI1), and Nami MATSUDA1) High morning blood pressure is related to target organ damage and future cardiovascular events. Chrono- biologic therapies focusing on the early morning period may be an important strategy for antihypertensive therapy. The aim of this study was to clarify the add-on effects of bedtime dosing of the α1 -adrenergic recep- tor antagonist doxazosin on morning blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension who were under long-acting calcium channel blocker amlodipine monotherapy. The add-on effects of doxazosin at the max- imum dose of 6 mg at bedtime on home blood pressure and left ventricular geometry for 1 year were inves- tigated in 49 subjects (37 men and 12 women, aged 57.5±9.1 years) with morning hypertension who had been treated with amlodipine alone for more than 1 year. Doxazosin induced a significant decrease in morn- ing blood pressure (145.6±5.6/91.5±5.4 to 132.4±3.7/83.6±5.6 mmHg, p≤0.001/<0.001) without a change of evening blood pressure (128.9±5.1/79.8±5.1 to 127.7±6.0/78.8±6.2 mmHg, p=0.056/0.051). Left ventricular mass index (LVMI; 124.8±19.8 to 95.6±15.7 g/m2, p<0.001), relative wall thickness (0.457±0.061 to 0.405±0.047, p<0.001) and homeostasis model assessment of the insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR; 2.62±1.43 to 1.33±0.75, p<0.001) were decreased after doxazosin therapy.
Initial Medication Selection for Treatment of Hypertension in an Open-Panel HMO

J Am Board Fam Pract: first published as 10.3122/jabfm.8.1.1 on 1 January 1995. Downloaded from Initial Medication Selection For Treatment Of Hypertension In An Open-Panel HMO Micky jerome, PharmD, MBA, George C. Xakellis, MD, Greg Angstman, MD, and Wayne Patchin, MBA Background: During the past 25 years recommendations for treating hypertension have evolved from a stepped-care approach to monotherapy or sequential monotherapy as experience has been gained and new antihypertensive agents have been introduced. In an effort to develop a disease management strategy for hypertension, we investigated the prescribing patterns of initial medication therapy for newly treated hypertensive patients. Methods: We examined paid claims data of an open-panel HMO located in the midwest. Charts from 377 patients with newly treated hypertension from a group of 12,242 hypertenSive patients in a health insurance population of 85,066 persons were studied. The type of medication regimen received by patients newly treated for hypertension during an 18-month period was categorized into monotherapy, sequential monotherapy, stepped care, and initial treatment with multiple agents. With monotherapy, the class of medication was also reported. Associations between use of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, or (3-blockers and presence of comorbid conditions were reported. Results: Fifty-five percent of patients received monotherapy, 22 percent received stepped care, and 18 percent received sequential monotherapy. Of those 208 patients receiving monotherapy, 30 percent were prescribed a calcium channel blocker, 22 percent an ACE inhibitor, and 14 percent a f3-blocker. No customization of treatment for comorbid conditions was noted.
Long Acting, Reversible Veterinary Sedative and Analgesic And

University of Kentucky UKnowledge Veterinary Science Faculty Patents Veterinary Science 7-11-2006 Long Acting, Reversible Veterinary Sedative and Analgesic and Method of Use Thomas Tobin University of Kentucky, [email protected] Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits oy u. Follow this and additional works at: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/gluck_patents Part of the Veterinary Medicine Commons Recommended Citation Tobin, Thomas, "Long Acting, Reversible Veterinary Sedative and Analgesic and Method of Use" (2006). Veterinary Science Faculty Patents. 14. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/gluck_patents/14 This Patent is brought to you for free and open access by the Veterinary Science at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in Veterinary Science Faculty Patents by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. US007074834B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent N0.: US 7,074,834 B2 Tobin (45) Date of Patent: Jul. 11, 2006 (54) LONG ACTING, REVERSIBLE VETERINARY 4,742,054 A 5/1988 Naftchi SEDATIVE AND ANALGESIC AND METHOD 4,950,648 A 8/1990 Raddatz et a1. OF USE 5,635,204 A * 6/1997 GevirtZ et a1. ............ .. 424/449 5,942,241 A 8/1999 Chasin et a1. (75) Inventor: Thomas Tobin, Lexington, KY (US) 5,958,933 A 9/1999 Naftchi (73) Assignee: University of Kentucky Foundation, OTHER PUBLICATIONS Lexington, KY (US) MEDLINE AN 20000025586, Veveris et al, Brit. J. Pharmacol, 128 (5), 1089-97, Nov. 1999, abstract.* ( * ) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Adams, pp.
Drugs for Primary Prevention of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: an Overview of Systematic Reviews

Supplementary Online Content Karmali KN, Lloyd-Jones DM, Berendsen MA, et al. Drugs for primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: an overview of systematic reviews. JAMA Cardiol. Published online April 27, 2016. doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2016.0218. eAppendix 1. Search Documentation Details eAppendix 2. Background, Methods, and Results of Systematic Review of Combination Drug Therapy to Evaluate for Potential Interaction of Effects eAppendix 3. PRISMA Flow Charts for Each Drug Class and Detailed Systematic Review Characteristics and Summary of Included Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses eAppendix 4. List of Excluded Studies and Reasons for Exclusion This supplementary material has been provided by the authors to give readers additional information about their work. © 2016 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. 1 Downloaded From: https://jamanetwork.com/ on 09/28/2021 eAppendix 1. Search Documentation Details. Database Organizing body Purpose Pros Cons Cochrane Cochrane Library in Database of all available -Curated by the Cochrane -Content is limited to Database of the United Kingdom systematic reviews and Collaboration reviews completed Systematic (UK) protocols published by by the Cochrane Reviews the Cochrane -Only systematic reviews Collaboration Collaboration and systematic review protocols Database of National Health Collection of structured -Curated by Centre for -Only provides Abstracts of Services (NHS) abstracts and Reviews and Dissemination structured abstracts Reviews of Centre for Reviews bibliographic