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Vol. Vii January, 1953 No. a Quarterly Devoted to The VOL. VII JANUARY, 1953 NO. PACIFIC SCIENCE A QUARTERLY DEVOTED TO THE BIOLOGICAL AND PHYSICAL SCIENCES OF THE PACIFIC REGION IN THIS ISSUE: Banner—The Crangonidae, or Snapping Shrimp, of Hawaii • NEWS NOTES • INDEX Published by THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII HONOLULU, HAWAII BOARD OF EDITORS LEONARD D. TUTHILL, Editor-in-Chief Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Hawaii O. A. BUSHNELL, Associate Editor Department of Bacteriology, University of Hawaii MARJORIE MILNES, Assistant to the Editors Office of Publications and Information, University of Hawaii EARL J. ANDERSON WENDELL A. MORDY Pineapple Research Institute Pathologist Department of Meteorology Pineapple Research Institute Pineapple Research Institute Honolulu 14, Hawaii Honolulu 14, Hawaii TOWNSEND CROMWELL NORMAN S. NOBLE Pacific Oceanic Fishery Investigations Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Oceanographer Research Organization Pacific Oceanic Fishery Investigations 314 Albert Street Honolulu 14, Hawaii East Melbourne, C2, Victoria, Australia HAROLD ST. JOHN MAXWELL S. DOTY Department of Botany, University of Hawaii Department of Botany, University of Hawaii G. DONALD SHERMAN R. A. FALLA Chemist, University of Hawaii Dominion Museum, Wellington, New Zealand Agricultural Experiment Station CHRISTOPHER GREGORY ALBERT L. TESTER Department of Mathematics Department of Zoology and Entomology University of Hawaii University of Hawaii D. ELMO HARDY CLAUDE E. ZOBELL Associate Entomologist, University of Hawaii Scripps Institution of Oceanography Agricultural Experiment Station La Jolla, California THOMAS NICKERSON, Managing Editor Office of Publications and Information, University of Hawaii SUGGESTIONS TO AUTHORS Contributions to Pacific biological and physi­ 30 printed pages before sending their manu­ cal science will be welcomed from authors in all script. Authors should not overlook the need for parts of the world. (The fields of anthropology, good brief papers, presenting results of studies, agriculture, engineering, and medicine are not notes and queries, communications to the editor, included.) Manuscripts may be addressed to the or other commentary. Editor-in-Chief, PACIFIC SCIENCE, University PREPARATION OF MANUSCRIPT of Hawaii, Honolulu 14, Hawaii, or to indi­ Although no manuscript will be rejected vidual members of the Board of Editors. Use of merely because it does not conform to the style air mail is recommended for all communications. of PACIFIC SCIENCE, it is suggested that authors Manuscripts will be acknowledged when re­ follow the style recommended below and exem­ ceived and will be read promptly by members of plified in the journal. the Board of Editors or other competent critics. Manuscript form. Manuscripts should be typed Authors will be notified of the decision reached on one side of standard-size, white bond paper as soon as possible. and double-spaced throughout. Pages should be Manuscripts of any length may be submitted, consecutively numbered in upper right-hand but it is suggested that authors inquire concern­ corner. Sheets should not be fastened together ing possibilities of publication of papers of over (Continued on inside back cover) PACIFIC SCIENCE A QUARTERLY DEVOTED TO THE BIOLOGICAL AND PHYSICAL SCIENCES OF THE PACIFIC REGION VOL. VII JANUARY, 1953 NO. 1 Previous issue published October 3, 1952 CONTENTS PAGE The Crangonidae, or Snapping Shrimp, of Hawaii. ALBERT H. BANNER . 3 NEWS NOTES . 145 INDEX . 147 PACIFIC SCIENCE, a quarterly publication of the University of Hawaii, appears in Janu­ ary, April, July, and October. Subscription price is three dollars a year; single copies are one dollar. Check or money order payable to University of Hawaii should be sent to PACIFIC SCIENCE, Office of Publications, University of Hawaii, Honolulu 14, Hawaii. i i. The Crangonidae, or Snapping Shrimp, of Hawaii1 ALBERT H. BANNER2 INTRODUCTION Island, a species previously known from the THE DECAPOD FAMILY CRANGONIDAE, or the Hawaiian Islands. Coutiere in The Fauna and family Alpheidae of the earlier workers and of Geography of the Maldive and Laccadive Archi­ the present European workers, is a family of pelagoes (1906) reported five species from the shrimp known popularly as snapping or pistol Hawaiian Islands—three on the basis of re­ shrimp. The members of the family seldom ports of previous workers, one on a specimen exceed 30 millimeters in length, are usually in the Museum of Paris, and one without fur­ of stout shape, are noticeably laterally com­ ther reference (the last species is discussed on pressed, and, though their color is variable, page 142). In 1909 Coutiere, in his treatment are most often reddish- to grayish-white in of the synalpheids of the United States Na­ color. The outstanding characteristics of the tional Museum, listed four species of the most common genera of the family are the genus Synalpheus collected in Hawaiian waters large size and asymmetrical development of by the steamer "Albatross." By far the most the chela of the first pereiopod. It is the vio­ extensive studies on the Hawaiian crangonids lent closure of the enlarged chela that pro­ were those of Edmondson. In 1925 he re­ duces the clicking or snapping sound which ported on 17 species collected by the "Tana- has given the members of the family their ger" in the western islands and shoals of the common name. Hawaiian Archipelago; in 1930 he reported Considering how common the snapping two new species of a genus previously un­ shrimp are in Hawaii, surprisingly little work known to Hawaii; and in 1933 in his book, has been done on them. The earliest record of Reef and Shore Fauna of Hawaii, he gives a brief members of this family from the Hawaiian description of 13 species. Islands was made by Randall in 1839 when he The geographical limits of the present study reported Crangon ventrosa (Milne-Edwards) as coincide with the geographical limits of the Alpheus laevis Randall. Dana in 1852 [this vol­ Hawaiian Archipelago (Fig. 1). Most of the ume was distributed on February 4, 1853, ac­ collecting has been done around the larger or cording to Haskell (1942: 79) and therefore windward islands of the archipelago, which for questions of nomenclatorial priority the are, from east to west, Hawaii, Maui, Kahoo- later date should be used] reported upon the lawe, Lanai, Molokai, Oahu, Kauai, and Nii- collections made by the United States Explor­ hau. Extending over a thousand miles to the ing Expedition and listed three species, all west and north of these large islands is a chain new, from the Hawaiian Islands. Stimpson in of shoals and normally uninhabited small is­ I860 reported four species from Hawaii. Only lands known as the leeward islands; these are, two species were reported from Hawaii by again in their order from east to west, Nihoa, Bate in the Challenger Reports in 1888. Lenz Necker, French Frigate Shoal, Gardner Pin­ in 1901 reported a single species from Laysan nacles, Raita Bank, Maro Reef, Laysan, Lisi- anski, Pearl and Hermes Reef, Midway, and 1 Contribution No. 27, Hawaii Marine Laboratory. Kure, or Ocean, Island. 2 Department of Zoology and Entomology, Univer­ sity of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii. Manuscript received The present study was begun in the year July 5, 1951. 1937-38, when quite extensive collections C 3 ] 4 PACIFIC SCIENCE, Vol. VII, January, 1953 were made of the species that could be col­ a single or several specimens indicate that lected in the very shallow water of the reef other rare species not collected may exist in flats (in water up to about 5 feet deep). The the islands. However, it is unlikely that spe­ specimens in the collections of the Bernice P. cies not discussed here will be found in the Bishop Museum also were examined at that course of routine collecting. time. My departure from the Islands in the fall of 1938 prevented the completion of the Measurements study, and the work was put aside until my In the numerous measurements used in this return to Hawaii in 1946. At that time a new paper, the following standards are adopted. series of collections was made, the new col­ For total length, the body is measured from the lection in large part being made in the waters tip of the rostrum to the end of the telson- beyond the reef flats, the specimens being following the middorsal line of the body. If taken by "skin-diving" in water up to 20 or the abdomen is flexed, a slightly greater meas­ 25 feet deep. The specimens taken by the urement is obtained than if it were straight, United States Fish Commission Steamer "Al­ but the difference is not great. For the append­ batross" in the Hawaiian Archipelago in 1902 ages, the breadth is taken at the broadest point were obtained on loan from the United States unless otherwise specified; the length is meas­ National Museum; these were a valuable con­ ured from articular surface to articular sur­ tribution to the study as they represented to a face (this is especially important in the carpal large extent a deeper fauna that was impossi­ articles, as the articular surface is toward the ble to collect without dredging. Additional inferior side of the meral-carpal joint, and, if specimens in the Bishop Museum were ex­ the maximum length to the edge of the su­ amined. Some deep-water specimens dredged perior portion of the article were taken, it by the "Makua" of the Territorial Board of would be found to vary greatly with the de­ Agriculture and Forestry and by the "Salpa" gree of flexion of the joint). The lengths of the of the University of Hawaii were available. antennular articles are taken in the mid-line of Finally, I was loaned a small but very impor­ the atticle in dorsal view, with the exception tant collection of crangonids taken off the of the first article, where the length is taken island of Hawaii by R. W. Hiatt. Several from the most proximal portion visible dor- thousand specimens from these various sally to the middle of the distal end.
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