DOCSLIB.ORG

ATBAT Shadrach Woods Began His Career on the Building Site of The

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
ATBAT Shadrach Woods Began His Career on the Building Site of The ATBAT Shadrach Woods began his career on the building site of the Unité d'Habitation in Marseille as part of the Atelier des Bâtisseurs (ATBAT), a group of architects and engineers charged by Le Corbusier with producing the construction drawings for the building. In 1951, with construction on the Unité coming to a close, Woods crossed the Mediterranean to set up an office with the architect Georges Candilis and the engineer Vladimir Bodiansky in Morocco. Known as ATBAT-Afrique, the group developed a concept of “habitat for the greatest number” and built projects throughout North Africa in the following years, mostly housing for both indigenous and European inhabitants. Above: Two housing types emerge in the Carrières Centrales project in Casablanca. Both the Nid d’abeilles (left) and Sémiramis (right) feature enclosed patios that give privacy to their Muslim inhabitants. With Bodiansky’s tower building (not pictured), the structures frame a public open space. #4 Shadrach Woods and Le Corbusier Late 1950s Le Corbusier took Woods into his office despite his lack of experience in architecture. The master and his theories had a lasting impact on the design and thought of Woods, particularly in the areas of housing and urbanism. #2 Shadrach Woods and Georges Candilis at the Unité d’Habitation c. 1949-1950 Woods met the Azerbaijan-born architect Georges Candilis while working on the Unité in Marseille. The two formed a long, productive partnership that lasted until 1968. #13 ATBAT Modulor grid 1951 Among the ideas Woods borrowed from Le Corbusier was the Modulor. From this model, Woods and Candilis derived proportions and dimensions for their North African projects. #10 Shadrach Woods, Georges Candilis and Pierre Mas “Contribution to the Study of the Habitat” 1953 In this text, Woods and Candilis develop the architectural concept of “habitat,” which “insures to man the accomplishment of his spatial, physiological, spiritual and emotional needs and protects him from weather and atmospheric conditions,” and also “integrates individual and family life into the manifestations of social and collective life.” #17 Carrières Centrales buildings, Ecochard grid housing and bidonvilles c. 1953 This photograph shows the buildings of Woods and Candilis in the foreground with the low-rise housing constructed by the planner Michel Ecochard and the shantytown beyond. Candilis believed multilevel collective housing was suitable for the migrants because most of them came from a region where communal living was an acceptable building form. #7 Carrières Centrales, Casablanca 1952 These three buildings, constructed in the Carrières Centrales of Casablanca, contained one hundred dwellings and eight shops. They represented Candilis’ and Woods’ most significant project in North Africa and had enormous influence on a generation of European architects. #15 Nid d’abeille section 1952 The most visually engaging and structurally inventive of the Casablanca buildings is the Nid d’abeille, so called because the staggered, suspended terraces of its façade resemble a beehive. Each unit included one of these high-walled patios, which were dedicated to the cooking and sanitary functions of the dwelling, as well as two interior rooms. #16 View of Sémiramis corridor 1952 Woods and Candilis modeled the Sémiramis building on traditional Moroccan communities. Privacy was a central concern, and the apartments are almost entirely sealed off from the exterior. With their high walls, the corridors resemble the narrow streets of the medina. #11 Proposal for joined Nid d’abeille and Sémiramis 1953 This unrealized proposal joins two of the building types realized at the Carrières Centrales into one structure. #5 Alison and Peter Smithson, “Collective Housing in Morocco,” Architectural Design 25 January 1955 ATBAT-Afrique’s built work, though limited, had a profound influence on the discourse of modern architecture in Europe. These buildings made an enormous impact at the ninth meeting of CIAM at Aix-en-Provence in 1953, which Candilis and Woods attended. #8 Housing at Sidi bel Abbès, Algeria 1954 The work of ATBAT-Afrique was not limited to Morocco. In Algeria, the group constructed numerous residential units for the French colonial population. The experience provided Woods with an opportunity to further develop his ideas about housing “for the greatest number.” #19 Housing under construction, Balata, Martinique 1957 ATBAT was also involved in projects in the Caribbean, the site of investigations into housing in tropical climates. #20 Tropical housing perspective 1957 As in Morocco, sensitivity to intense sunlight and airflow were key to the designs for housing in tropical climates. The pavilion-like structures were efficiently constructed but also responsive to local traditions and topography. #22 Tropical School construction diagrams 1957 Because most French colonies lacked the technological capabilities to mass- produce buildings efficiently, Woods and Candilis proposed to create structures from prefabricated metal components. #33 View of Iran housing model 1956 Woods’ investigations of housing for Muslims extended beyond North Africa. With Candilis, he proposed low-cost dwellings for oil workers in the port city of Abadan, Iran. The project included clusters of low-rise, pinwheel-like structures, which were to be built from prefabricated elements and local brick. FRENCH HOUSING After returning from Morocco in 1954, Woods and Candilis partnered with Alexis Josic from Le Corbusier’s Paris office. The new partnership of Candilis-Josic- Woods entered competitions for mass housing in France, winning several major commissions. Drawing from their experiences in North Africa, they created designs for economical and flexible units capable of being combined into buildings of various scales. These blocks resisted the slab-like appearance of many other housing projects in France by including large windows, balconies, setbacks and recessed entrances. Above: In their mass housing projects, Candilis-Josic-Woods strove to use efficient building techniques and systems. In a collaboration with Jean Prouvé, experimental modular metal panels were applied to a building in the Parisian suburb of Le Blanc-Mesnil. #18 Business contract between Shadrach Woods, Georges Candilis and Alexis Josic 1960 After returning to France, Woods and Candilis organized their own studio with the Yugoslavia-born architect Alexis Josic in 1956. Their partnership lasted for twelve years. #24 Opération Million proposal 1954 Faced with a housing crisis, the French government launched the design competition Opération Million in 1954. The challenge was to design housing units costing one million francs—half the average cost of an apartment at that time—with a defined square footage. Candilis-Josic-Woods won first prize, along with a commission for 2,500 dwellings in the Paris region. #25 Model of Opération Million apartment 1955 #23 “Operation Million – France” Architecture d’aujourdhui 1954 This article documents the prize-winning entries from the Opération Million competition. In Candilis-Josic-Woods’ first-place design, modular blocks can be joined in a variety of ways at their circulation cores. The buildings can thus be composed to frame and protect open spaces. #28 + #29 Views of housing at Bobigny 1960 In the Parisian suburb of Bobigny, Candilis-Josic-Woods designed and built 735 apartments as part of the Opération Million commission. The development was distinguished by its combination of high- and low-rise housing blocks and the construction of shared amenities like a shopping center and playgrounds. #32 Exhibition of Bobigny housing 1960 A solution to the French housing crisis required the cooperation of the government, architects and charitable organizations. The religious group Emmaus, led by the social reformer the Abbé Pierre, subsidized the construction of Candilis-Josic-Woods’ Bobigny housing. These projects were promoted at public expositions like the one seen here. #26 Floor plan with calculations c. 1961 The state-led program for mass housing was governed by the strict definition of dwelling types, ranging from a 22 m2 studio to a 92 m2 multi-bedroom apartment. In this sketch, probably for housing at Toulouse-le-Mirail, scrawled square footage calculations are a reminder that Candilis-Josic-Woods’ designed within a rigid system of norms. URBAN EXTENSIONS Following their success with Opération Million, Candilis-Josic-Woods took on the task of designing entire new towns. These projects were conceptualized as self- sufficient, organic extensions to existing urban areas. Woods proposed centering developments around a service “stem” of communal facilities and infrastructure. Residential cells clustered around these “stems” would remain temporally viable for the lifespan of the family, while the “stem’s” spaces would be free to change according to quicker cycles of social and economic demand. These projects exemplify Woods’ ideas about a “habitat’” that exists beyond individual dwellings, incorporating schools, commercial centers and cultural facilities. Above: Bagnols-sur-Cèze was a new town developed by Candilis-Josic-Woods to house the staff of France’s first nuclear power plant. The development won the nation’s first Prix d’Urbanisme. #34 “Bagnols-sur-Cèze” Techniques et Architecture 6 1958 Candilis-Josic-Woods received the commission to expand the southern French town of Bagnols-sur-Cèze following the development of France’s first nuclear research center nearby. Required to design housing for an
Load more

Recommended publications
  • ZARCH 9.Indb
    Episodes toward a Fluxarchitecture. The work of George Maciunas, Shadrach Woods and Joachim Pfeufer Episodios hacia una Fluxarchitecture. El trabajo de George Maciunas, Shadrach Woods y Joachim Pfeufer FEDERICA DOGLIO Federica Doglio, “Episodes toward a Fluxarchitecture. The work of George Maciunas, Shadrach Woods and Joachim Pfeufer”, ZARCH 9 (Diciembre 2017): 208-217. ISSN: 2341-0531. http://dx.doi.org/10.26754/ojs_zarch/zarch.201792278 Received: 20-12-2016 / Accepted: 18-4-2017 Abstract Fluxus, an artistic movement that emerged in 1960, crossed borders within the arts. Soon it expanded to include sculpture, poetry, perfor- mance, photography, and cinema, taking on a multi-disciplinary character that regularly crossed or erased borders within the arts. Its rela- tionship to architecture, however, is more complex. In the 1960s, a few architects sought to resolve contradictions between the principles of Fluxus and the presumptions of their own field, and explored the possibilities of change —flux— in architectural practice. This article will investigate possible connections between Fluxus and the architectural practices. It considers three figures who were both theorists and architects: Georges Maciunas, Shadrach Woods and Joachim Pfeufer. Their practices, considered together, form what in this article I coin “fluxarchitecture”. Keywords Fluxus, Architecture, Urbanism, Woods, Pfeufer, Maciunas. Resumen Fluxus, un movimiento artístico que surgió en 1960, atravesó fronteras dentro de las artes. Pronto se expandió e incluyó escultura, poesía, performance, fotografía y cine, adquiriendo un carácter multidisciplinario que regularmente cruzaba o borraba las fronteras dentro de las artes. Sin embargo, su relación con la arquitectura es más compleja. En la década de 1960, algunos arquitectos buscaron resolver las contradicciones entre los principios de Fluxus y las presunciones de su propio campo, y exploraron las posibilidades de cambio —flux— en la práctica arquitectónica.
    [Show full text]
  • Cultural Horizontality Auguste Perret in the Middle East
    chapter 13 Cultural Horizontality Auguste Perret in the Middle East Karla Cavarra Britton What makes religious sites such an important becomes an especially revealing indicator of the touchstone for a study of contemporary urbanism social complexities of that era. In particular, the today? Why is the region of the Middle East in par­ work carried out by European architects in the cit­ ticular so revealing of the relationship between ies of the Middle East during the decades leading religious form and social, political, and cultural up to the Second World War provides especially evolution? Situated as it is between Europe, Asia, fertile ground for revealing the interlocking rela­ and Africa, the region of the Middle East—as the tionships and dialogues between colonies and pro­ birthplace of the three Abrahamic religions— tectorates. As Joe Nasr and Mercedes Volait point remains the pivotal geography upon which the out in Urbanism: Imported or Exported?, in the past three interconnected variations of monotheism these interventions were often understood as “one­ unfold, often with extreme and far­reaching con­ way impositions where the receivers are silent, sequences.1 As recent history demonstrates, the oppressed, impotent—if not outright invisible.”3 region continues to demand attention for the ways The approach of this essay, however, will be more in which public religious spaces (including mosques, closely aligned with recent studies that explore churches, and synagogues certainly, but also mon­ what Nasr and Volait describe as a more ambiguous uments and urban squares) remain crucial not reading of how natives were “full­fledged actors in only as traditional arenas for religious festivals the shaping of the built environment, with a vari­ and gatherings, but also as spaces for political and ety of roles to play and means to play them .
    [Show full text]
  • Team X (Team Ten), Fue Un Grupo De Arquitectos Y Otros Participantes Invitados a Una Serie De Reuniones Que Se Iniciaron En Julio De 1953 En El Congreso C.I.A.M
    team HISTORIA CONTEMPORANEA ORIGENES El Team 10 o Team X (team ten), fue un grupo de arquitectos y otros participantes invitados a una serie de reuniones que se iniciaron en julio de 1953 en el congreso C.I.A.M. IX (Aix en provence, Francia), desde donde introdujeron sus doctrinas al urbanismo. Se dieron a conocer con el Manifiesto de Doorn, en el que reflejaban sus ideas de arquitectura y urbanismo. Los integrantes del Team X exponían, discutían -a veces efusivamente, llegando a la afrenta- y analizaban problemas arquitectónicos, de manera que sus escritos no constituían dogmas, sino ideas y opiniones. La formación oficial del Team 10 se produce realmente el 30 de junio de 1954 en las oficinas centrales de la UNESCO en París, posterior por tanto al congreso de Aix (1953) y cinco meses después de la reunión del grupo en el “Encuentro de Doorn” (29 - 31 enero de 1954). PRECURSORES Alison y Peter Smithson (Inglaterra). Georges Candilis (Grecia). Shadrach Woods (E.U.A). Aldo Van Eyck (Holanda) Jaap Bakema (Holanda) Alison y Peter Smithson Peter Smithson (Stockton-on-Tees 1923-2003) y Alison Smithson (Alison Gill) (Sheffield 1928- 1993) fueron dos arquitectos y urbanistas ingleses que trabajaron activamente en los aspectos teóricos de la arquitectura de las décadas de los 50 y 60. Están considerados cofundadores del brutalismo, y formaron parte del Team 10, un grupo de arquitectos que desde su primera reunión en 1954 ejerció, mediante sus publicaciones, una gran influencia en el urbanismo de la segunda mitad del siglo XX. En otras disciplinas artísticas, también formaron parte del Independent Group en 1956.
    [Show full text]
  • La Défense: from Axial Hierarchy to Open System
    LA DÉFENSE 111 La Défense: From Axial Hierarchy to Open System NICHOLAS ROBERTS Woodbury University Utopian Predecessors: Le Corbusier and the the Seine to the CNIT (Centre des Nouvelles Indus- Rosenthal Competition tries et Technologies), branching out across the pe- ripheral roadway to connect the outlying towers.2 The beginnings of development at La Défense are rooted in the utopian modernism of the 1920’s. The The final plan, approved March 7, 1963, and im- developer Leonard Rosenthal included Le Corbusier plemented in 1964, shows the office buildings as in a 1929 competition he organized for the land high-rise towers, and the residential blocks as re- near the Porte Maillot surrounding the Place de la ticulated slabs, similar to Le Corbusier’s design for Demi-Lune, which would later become La Défense. the Leonard Rosenthal competition, and for his City In Le Corbusier’s sketches and notes for the com- for 3 Million of 1922. Residents all have access to petition we see him incorporating the ideas that he large expanses of landscaped open area, or tapis had developed in his Ville Contemporaine of 1922 vert, and urban space sweeps freely and uncon- and published in his book Urbanisme, of 1925: Two tained round the isolated slabs and towers. high-rise office towers frame the view of the Arc de Triomphe down the Le Nôtre axis; raised pedestri- The 1964 plan proposed a tabula rasa approach to an plazas continue over the street; reticulated mid- urban development, EPAD would purchase 760 ha rise slabs, that Le Corbusier called lotissements in the communities of Courbevoie, Puteaux, and à redents, frame the base of the towers, housing Nanterre; the existing fabric of small factories, art- residential apartments or immeubles villas.1 ists’ studios, restaurants and bars would be com- pletely demolished.
    [Show full text]
  • Critical Appropriations of Modernity: Michel Écochard's 8 by 8 Meter
    Figure 1: A sketch of Écochard’s grid. Cristiana Strava Critical Appropriations of Modernity: Michel Écochard’s 8 by 8 Meter Housing Grid, Hay Mohammadi, Casablanca Abstract Using an object ethnography approach, in this chapter I focus on an emblematic colonial planning and housing instrument designed by the head of the urban planning service in 1950s Morocco. Combin- ing attention to historical and transnational dimensions with the ethos of ethnographic work, I unravel the conditions behind the grid’s design, materialization, transnational circulation, and later appropriation and rich transformation in the hands of its eventual inhabitants. As such, my inten- tion is to explore and illuminate the contributions of multiple actors and to shed light on the complicated entanglements between emblematic colo- nial materialities and the postcolonial lives grafted onto them. Keywords Appropriation, Margins, Morocco, Modernism, Object Eth- nography Strava, Cristiana. 2021. “Critical Appropriations of Modernity: Michel Écochard’s 8 by 83 8 Meter Housing Grid, Hay Mohammadi, Casablanca.” In Reading Objects in the Contact Zone, edited by Eva-Maria Troelenberg, Kerstin Schankweiler, and Anna Sophia Messner, 82–89. Heidelberg Studies on Transculturality 9. Heidelberg: Heidelberg University Publishing. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17885/heiup.766.c10407 CRISTIANA STRAVA In the 1950s, Casablanca’s bidonvilles (slums) became the birthplace of a new architectural wave that caught the imagination of a group of young architects coming out of the Congrès International d’Architecture Moderne and transformed the city’s margins into a canvas for utopian fantasies that contested the conventional norms of high modernism. Built on the gaping holes of a colonial era quarry, Hay Mohammadi (formerly known as Carrière Centrale) played a central part in these developments, and later became known as a mythical neighborhood in the history of Morocco through its association with revolutionary colonial housing schemes and decades of post-independence political abuse and social struggle.
    [Show full text]
  • The Reconstructions of Beirut Joe Nasr, Éric Verdeil
    The reconstructions of Beirut Joe Nasr, Éric Verdeil To cite this version: Joe Nasr, Éric Verdeil. The reconstructions of Beirut. Salma K. Jayyusi, Renata Holod, Attilio Petruccioli and André Raymond. The City in the Islamic World, Brill, pp.1116-1141, 2008, Handbook of Oriental Studies, 10.1163/ej.9789004162402.i-1500.299. halshs-00261149 HAL Id: halshs-00261149 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00261149 Submitted on 6 Mar 2008 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. The Reconstructions of Beirut The City in the Islamic World, Brill, Leiden Joe Nasr, independent researcher, associated with the Institut Français du Proche-Orient, Beirut, Lebanon Eric Verdeil, CNRS, UMR 5600 Environnement Ville Société, Lyon, France Introduction Beirut has successively been seen as the icon of the war-destroyed city, the paradigmatic case of “urbicide”1 and then as the symbol of a city rebirth through the reconstruction of its city center,2 praised in real estate journals and sold as a booming touristic destination to natives of the Arabo-Persian Gulf. Both images place Beirut as a city out of compare, out of norm, defining it as a unique and extraordinary city.
    [Show full text]
  • Michel Ecochard (1905-1985)
    CITÉ DE L’ARCHITECTURE ET DU PATRIMOINE Institut français d’architecture Centre d’archives d’architecture du XX e siècle MICHEL ECOCHARD (1905-1985) Notice biographique Extrait de : Dion (Mathilde). Notices biographiques d’architectes français , Paris : Ifa/Archives d’architecture du XX e siècle, 1991. 2 vol. (rapport dactyl. pour la dir. du Patrimoine). SOMMAIRE ÉLÉMENTS BIOGRAPHIQUES ............................................................................................ 3 IDENTIFICATION........................................................................................................................... 3 FAMILLE........................................................................................................................................... 3 LIEUX DE RÉSIDENCE.................................................................................................................. 3 FORMATION.................................................................................................................................... 3 CARRIÈRE........................................................................................................................................ 4 CULTURE.......................................................................................................................................... 4 RELATIONS PROFESSIONNELLES ........................................................................................... 4 HISTOIRE ANECDOTIQUE .........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Opus 54. Eiermann, Wash, D
    Edition Axel Menges GmbH Esslinger Straße 24 D-70736 Stuttgart-Fellbach tel. +49-711-574759 fax +49-711-574784 www.AxelMenges.de Structuralism Reloaded. Rule-Based Design in Archi- tecture and Urbanism Edited by Tomásˇ Valena with Tom Avermaete and Georg Vrach- liotis. 392 pp. with 480 ills., 233 x 284,5 mm, hard-cover, English ISBN 978-3-936681-47-5 Euro 86.00, sfr 129.00, £ 78.00, US $ 119.00, $A 129.00 Originally developed in linguistics, the structuralist approach has been introduced as a scientific method in anthropology and other human sciences since the 1950s. In the 1960s and 1970s the dou- ble category of primary and secondary structure (langue and pa- role), essential to structuralism, in which the primary structure’s system of rules determines how the secondary elements are Distributors placed in relation to one another, also advanced to a leading ideol- ogy in the field of architecture and urban planning. From its devel- Brockhaus Commission opment in the Netherlands and within the Team 10 circle of archi- Kreidlerstraße 9 tects, structuralism in architecture quickly spread worldwide. D-70806 Kornwestheim Since the 1990s we have been witnessing a revival of structural- Germany ist tendencies in architecture. Whereas the structuralism of the tel. +49-7154-1327-33 1970s encountered limits in complexity that were insurmountable fax +49-7154-1327-13 at the time, today there is much to suggest that the return to [email protected] structural thinking is causally connected to information technology, which has opened up new possibilities for dealing with complexity. Buchzentrum AG In the field of digital architecture there is talk of neo-Structuralism.
    [Show full text]
  • Catherine Blain
    Team 10, the French Context Catherine Blain 61 Team 10 and its Context Introduction To date, there has been little investigation of the history of French post-war architecture and urban planning1. That field is now being developed by several scolars interested by specific themes and productions. In France, however, there is still a lack of serious research on the history of Team 10 or even the post-war International Congress of Modern Architecture (CIAM, Congrès International d’Architecture Moderne)2. As an approach to such a study, it is useful to note that, in France, history of CIAM and Team 10 is often reduced to a single simplistic idea: the utter failure of the principles set forth within an emblematic document, the Charter of Athens written by Le Corbusier as a conclusion of the 4th CIAM congress (1933)3. Indeed, since the mid 1970, modernist archi- tects, especially the ones close to the CIAMs and Le Corbusier or defending the principles of the Charter of Athens, have been blamed for all the ills of post-war architecture. As a result, their history was rapidly relegated to oblivion even before it had been more closely studied – as if the traumatic memory could be repressed or blotted out. The special issue of L’Architecture d’Aujourd’hui of 1975 (‘Team 10 + 20’) was actually an elegant way of encouraging this attitude. But now, as the period is emerging from obscurity, this interpre- tation turns out to have been too simplistic. Exploring this history more thoroughly, one might find it interesting to note two essential myths which are connected with the post-war CIAMs – and are also related, to some degree, to the earlier interpretation of the Charter of Athens.
    [Show full text]
  • On the Conservation of Modernist Architectural Heritage
    1 On the Conservation of Modernist Architectural Heritage Maria J. Żychowska Towards the end of the twentieth century, the modernism returned. The last decades of the twentieth modern movement again started to attract interest. The century were the times of the reassessment of this type of main objective became registration of modernist buildings architecture and changes in the ways it is perceived. There worldwide and restoration of their original appearance. appeared first examples of successful conservation called It also proved necessary to conserve the most important “modern conservation” such as the Bauhaus building in works. At present, more and more modern movement Dessau in 1975, Giuseppe Terragni’s kindergarten in Como buildings undergo thorough renovation during which in the 1980s and the remains of the Weissenhof housing old materials are being replaced extensively with their estate. In 1988, DOCOMOMO was established. It was an modern and more durable equivalents. At the same time association whose statutory aim was documentation and research continues and some new facts from the history conservation of modernist architectural and urban planning of the movement are uncovered, which somewhat changes heritage. The idea was to create an interdisciplinary the knowledge of this unique period in the history of forum with a view to exchanging opinions and knowledge architecture. It was unique in that it originated from of various manifestations of the movement. Initially, the opposition to tradition and rejection of the past with its attention focused on European issues. The first conference ideological and aesthetic values. Pure, flagship modernism took place in 1990 and was attended by representatives emerged in several places as a trend parallel to other of twenty countries.
    [Show full text]
  • Casablanca Chandigarh: Modern Planning Exhibition at The
    NEWS this context provided new, transnational Casablanca Chandigarh: opportunities to exercise their professions, Modern Planning and forums for the exchange of ideas. This double transnational and disciplinary Exhibition at the Canadian perspective structures both the book and the exhibition, albeit in different ways, as Centre for Architecture, Montreal the limitations and opportunities of each medium afford. The core of the publication consists of the in-depth study of these urban projects, alternating between the two, and In the editorial of docomomo Journal 28, names in architecture are given sole credit framed by an international perspective, both published in March 2003 and inaugurat- for their constructions, ignoring the fact that geopolitical and professional. In its pages, the ing her tenure — as editor-in-chief of the architecture is a collaborative endeavor. planning process is examined in detail, along- magazine, Maristella Casciato undertook Here, both Casciato and Avermaete empha- side governance and the design of housing to consider “modernism outside the West” sized the teams Écochard and Le Corbus- and service facilities for each of the cities as and to encourage “new cultures and new ier surrounded themselves with, not only well as their deployment. The organization of histories”, whilst simultaneously enriching colleagues operating in metropolitan centers, the book’s content into fragmented segments the docomomo International network. She but also local architects, engineers, and urban makes it possible to read discontinuously. brought this intellectual endeavor with her to planners. Moreover, the exhibition’s curators The exhibition began with a presentation of the position as Associate Director, Research highlighted the appreciation these designers the new world order in the museum’s central at the Canadian Centre for Architecture showed for local and traditional builders.
    [Show full text]
  • Delft, July 2016
    The 17th International Planning History Society Conference - Delft, July 2016 Title: “The passéist, modernist and futurist features of some social housing ensembles built during the transitional period of 1960-1970: the case of the Maurelette in Marseille” Nune Chilingaryan Associate Professor at the Lyon National High School of Architecture Doctor of Architecture, LAURE Laboratory, [email protected] Abstract The history of architecture and urbanism is classically represented as a sequence of major doctrines. However, the well-known architectural “-isms” are bound together with productions of the so-called “transitional” periods, the legacy of which deserves special scientific interest. A significant number of these kinds of “in-between product” in the field of social housing was built during the 1960s and 1970s, between the periods of modernism and postmodernism. At the end of the 1980s in many European countries, particularly in France, massive renovation processes were started, which continue to this day. Due to political, social and aesthetic changes, a great deal of post-war residential heritage has been radically reconstructed or demolished. This process touches not only ordinary residential groups (so-called grands ensembles), but also harms some of the more interesting ensembles. Many of them are undervalued and have not been rehabilitated since their creation, with some often doomed to disappear. The current paper is an attempt to analyse the historical, urban and morphological aspects of the Maurelette residential complex, built in the northern suburbs of Marseille during 1963-1965. The design particularities of the Maurelette complex demonstrate the ambition to create a “non-ordinary” ensemble using ordinary and inexpensive construction means and materials.
    [Show full text]