JOURNAL OF The Russell Society Volume 22, 2019 www.russellsoc.org JOURNAL OF THE RUSSELL SOCIETY A Journal of the Topographic Mineralogy of Britain and Ireland EDITOR David I. Green 61 Nowell Lane, Leeds, West Yorkshire, LS9 6JD JOURNAL MANAGER Frank Ince 78 Leconfield Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3SQ EDITORIAL BOARD David Alderton Norman R. Moles Richard E. Bevins Steve Plant Richard S. W. Braithwaite Monica T. Price Tom F. Cotterell Michael S. Rumsey Alan Dyer Roy E. Starkey Nick J. Elton Malcolm Southwood Neil Hubbard Susan J. Tyzack Frank Ince Peter A. Williams Aims and Scope: the Journal publishes articles by amateur and professional mineralogists dealing with all aspectsofthemineralogyoftheBritishIsles.Contributionsarewelcomefrombothmembersandnon-members of the Society. Notes for contributors can be foundat the backof this issue. The views and opinions expressedin this journal are not necessarily those of the Journal Editor, the Society or the Editorial Board. Subscription rates: the Journal is free to members of the Russell Society. The non-member subscription rates for this volume are: UK £13 (including P&P) and Overseas £15 (including P&P). Enquiries should be made to the Journal Manager or via the Society website (www.russellsoc.org). Back issues of the Journal may be ordered through the Journal Manager. The Russell Society: named after the eminent mineralogist Sir Arthur Russell (1878À1964), is a society of amateur and professional mineralogists which encourages the study, recording and conservation of mineralogical sites and material. For information about membership, please refer to the Society website (www.russellsoc.org) or write to the Membership Secretary: Neil Hubbard, 30 Thirlmere Road, Barrow-upon- Soar, Leicestershire, LE12 8QQ. Printed by: Flexpress Ltd, 8 Coal Cart Road, Interchange, Birstall, Leicester, LE4 3BY. Published by: The Russell Society. Registered Charity No. 803308. Copyright: Whilst the Russell Society retains the copyright to the printed journal, the copyright of the text is notnecessarilyheldbytheSociety.Permissiontoreproduceanytext,figuresorphotographsfromthepublished articles must be obtained from the Journal Editor. ISSN 0263 7839 FRONT COVER: A pink quartz crystal, 2.5 mm inlength, on specular hematite, collectedin 2018 on a Russell SocietyfieldtriptoCloudHillQuarry,BreedonontheHill,Leicestershire.JohnChapmanspecimenandphoto. BACK COVER: A painting of a cabinet specimen (17 6 20 cm) of calcite on fluorite, heavily included by an unknown black sulphide, from Ladywash Mine, Eyam, Derbyshire. Don Edwards specimen and painting. JOURNAL OF THE RUSSELL SOCIETY CONTENTS Volume 22, 2019 EDITORIAL 2À5 PAPERS Enargite from Ladywash Mine, Eyam, Derbyshire 6À10 Steve A. Rust Manganite from Laverockbraes, Grandhome, Aberdeen 11À29 Michael McMullen Wulfenite from Roar Hill, Ballater, Aberdeenshire: 30À37 a new Scottish locality Michael McMullen Fluorite and associated minerals from Lettermuckoo Quarry, 38À42 Connemara, Co. Galway Stephen Moreton and Robert Lawson Barium-rich muscovite and hyalophane from Benallt Mine, 43À47 Rhiw, Pen Llyˆn, Gwynedd Tom F. Cotterell, David I. Green, Andrew G. Tindle, Helen Kerbey and Ian Dossett Barium substitution in muscovite with a comment on ganterite 48À58 David I. Green, Tom F. Cotterell and Andrew G. Tindle Amazonite from Ben Loyal, Sutherland, Scotland 59À76 Roy E. Starkey and Chris Finch The Smale Gill trials, Caldbeck Fells, Cumbria 77À92 David I. Green, C. Mike Leppington and Tim Neall Smithsonite replacements of rugose corals from the Middle Fell area 93À95 Alston, Cumbria Brian Young and Andy Hopkirk Epimorphs and pseudomorphs after fluorite from the 96À104 Northern Pennine Orefield Brian Young and Andy Hopkirk BOOK REVIEWS ‘‘Derbyshire Blue John’’ by the late Trevor Ford 105 Richard Bateman ‘‘Tre´sores de France – French Treasures – Fluorite’’ by Christophe Lucas 106 Roy E. Starkey Journal of the Russell Society (2019) 1 EDITORIAL Welcome to volume 22 of the Journal of the Russell Society. At the start of this editorial, thanks are extended once again to Malcolm Southwood, whose software tools for managing the workflow have made the changeover trouble-free. A big thank you also to contributors, editorial board members and referees,whoseconscientiousworkhasmadethiseditionpossible.JohnChapman’sexcellentimages are scattered through several articles, communicating far more than words ever could and Peter Briscoe’s understated colour palette has brought a new level of professionalism to the location maps. Volume 22 owes a great deal to our new typesetter, Robert Preston, who has relieved Frank Ince of some of the responsibilities of Journal Manager. Itistraditionalforneweditorstobeginwithanentreatytoreaderstoconsiderwritinganarticle.Thisis simply a request to share knowledge and enthusiasm. The more inexperienced (or cavalier) may go on to claim that the process is straightforward and painless. Not so! An article will absorb a certain quantumoftimeandeffort.Authorsoftenfindthat‘thedoing’makesitworthwhile(althoughthismay only be evident in retrospect). An article at least ensures that information is placed on permanent record. In these less-than-certain times, look around and ask yourself: are collections and their associated data safe? The nuts and bolts of the writing process are described in an updated Guide for Authors, which is available on the Society website. It explains the content and structure of articles and the minutiae of grammar and style, but is not recommended as a starting point. The Guide is detailed and prescriptive, butofferslittletothe‘creativeprocess’.Abetterstrategyistocontactamemberoftheeditorialboard. All are experienced authors and will be happy to offer advice and support. Articles in this issue are linked by that most appealing property of minerals, their colour. For readers with a little time on their hands Light and Color in Nature and Art (Williamson and Cummins, 1983) providesanexcellentintroductiontothesubjectandisoftenavailablefornext-to-nothingviainternet booksellers. The same, sadly, is not true of Kurt Nassau’s classic Physics and Chemistry of Color, which provides a technical perspective. Opening the batting in this year’s JRS, Steve Rust describes a specimen obtained in 1973 by John Jones from the Hucklow Edge Vein at Ladywash Mine in Derbyshire. His sharp eyes spotted the rare copper sulpharsenide enargite. Steve’s article illustrates the value of referees. All articles are scrutinised by two independent and knowledgeable experts who check facts and make comments on interpretations. This should reassure prospective authors as it helps to avoid mistakes and ensure accuracy. Arsenic-bearing minerals are rare in Derbyshire; the literature (e.g. Ford et al., 1993) recordsonlyarsenopyrite,enargiteandmimetite.DuringareviewoftheLadywasharticle,JohnJones pointed out a probable error in the last of these. In 1872, when lead mining was in decline, local smelters purchased 326 tons of ‘linnets’ which had been stockpiled at sixteen different lead mines. Someofthismaterialwasdescribedas‘brownlinnets’,anditwasassumed,onthebasisofcolour,that ‘brownlinnets’weremimetite.Johnpointsoutthatthereisnoevidenceforthis.Colourisnotareliable guide to the composition of lead-bearing apatite-group minerals; modern analyses show that all Derbyshire ‘linnets’, brown or otherwise, are pyromorphite. Ladywash Mine may be the premier specimen locality in Derbyshire, a county which is not lacking in mineralogical superlatives. It furnished the front cover illustration for Minerals of the English Midlands (Starkey, 2018). Don Edwards, who started Tideswell Dale Rockshop in 1971, recalled that in the early years one of the miners supplied a van load every week. And yet there is little recorded in the literature of the specimens it produced. A Ladywash calcite makes a worthy frontispiece (Fig. 1) and one of Don’s paintings features on the back cover. A detailed article is overdue! In the discussion section of his article, Steve observes that Russell Society members have had access to New Milldam Mine, which works the same vein system as Ladywash, for many years. Collections havesurelymaturedsufficientlytomeritadescriptivearticle?Wulfenite(Figs2and3)isoneofasuite of poorly recorded minerals that will be familiar to many readers. 2 Journal of the Russell Society (2019) Figure 1. One of many fine specimens from Ladywash Mine, near Eyam, acquired by John Jones. Roy Starkey specimen and photo. Journal of the Russell Society (2019) 3 Figure 3. A tiny wulfenite crystal, 0.27 mm across, collected on a Russell Society field trip to New Milldam Mine in 2017. The equant crystal habit is unusual. A small square pinacoid is modified by two different pyramids with large, unequally developed, prism faces producing an unusual blocky habit. John Chapman specimen and photo. Lleyn Peninsula, a site well known to Society members. Tom Cotterell and his team from National Museum Wales Figure 2. A group of wulfenite crystals, 1 mm tall, collected on a describe the material in two articles which extract a Russell Society field trip to New Milldam Mine in 2017, pays distant considerable amount of information from a small dataset. homage to King Ludwig’s fairytale castle at Neuschwanstein in Bavaria. John Chapman specimen and photo. Attractive green amazonite from Ben Loyal in the far north of Scotland, which rivals the best collected in the Moving on, Michael McMullen delves into the dark and nineteenth century, is described by Roy Starkey and sooty world of manganese oxides.