DOCSLIB.ORG

Arc of Convergence: AQAP, Ansar Al-Shari`A and the Struggle for Yemen

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Arc of Convergence: AQAP, Ansar Al-Shari`A and the Struggle for Yemen JUNE 2012 . VOL 5 . ISSUE 6 Contents Arc of Convergence: AQAP, FEATURE ARTICLE 1 Arc of Convergence: AQAP, Ansar al- Ansar al-Shari`a and the Shari`a and the Struggle for Yemen By Christopher Swift Struggle for Yemen REPORTS By Christopher Swift 7 Los Zetas and MS-13: Nontraditional Alliances By John P. Sullivan and Adam Elkus 10 The Evolution of an American Jihadi: The Case of Omar Hammami By Christopher Anzalone 13 The Holsworthy Barracks Plot: A Case Study of an Al-Shabab Support Network in Australia By Andrew Zammit 16 European Experiences in Counterradicalization By James Brandon and Lorenzo Vidino 19 The Southern Thailand Insurgency in the Wake of the March 2012 Bombings By Zachary Abuza 22 Recent Highlights in Terrorist Activity 24 CTC Sentinel Staff & Contacts Yemeni army officials pray over the coffins of soldiers killed in a May 21 suicide bombing in Sana`a. - AFP/Getty Images he may 21, 2012, suicide attack The bombing also revealed more on Yemeni soldiers parading parochial motives. In addition to in Sana`a’s al-Sabin Square retaliation, Ansar al-Shari`a claimed marked a turning point in to avenge “the demonstrators and all TYemen’s struggle against al-Qa`ida in Muslims who tasted the scourge of the the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP) and its Yemeni central security forces” during subsidiary, Ansar al-Shari`a. Coming the Arab Spring protests.3 Recalling two weeks after Yemeni President Abd the violent crackdown on protestors in Rabbuh Mansur Hadi’s pledge to purge Sana`a and the alleged torture of Islamist About the CTC Sentinel terrorists from “every district, village, activists, the communiqué justified the The Combating Terrorism Center is an and place,”1 the perpetrators cast the slaughter of Yemeni soldiers in populist independent educational and research bombing as a retaliatory strike. “The terms while appealing to citizens who institution based in the Department of Social primary target of this blessed operation survived similar “massacres” at the Sciences at the United States Military Academy, was the defense minister of the Sana`a hands of the previous regime. This West Point. The CTC Sentinel harnesses regime and his corrupt entourage,” reasoning minimized global jihad while the Center’s global network of scholars and proclaimed Ansar al-Shari`a’s Madad emphasizing national struggle. Despite practitioners to understand and confront News Agency. “It came in response to its Salafi-jihadi boilerplate, however, contemporary threats posed by terrorism and the unjust war launched by the Sana`a Ansar al-Shari`a appeared far more other forms of political violence. regime’s forces in cooperation with the concerned with co-opting the “recent American and Saudi forces.”2 revolution” in Yemen than resisting the unholy U.S.-Saudi alliance. The views expressed in this report are those of the authors and not of the U.S. Military Academy, 1 “Hadi: I Won’t Allow Split in Army,” Yemen Fox [Sana`a], the Department of the Army, or any other agency of the U.S. Government. May 6, 2012. Agency [Azzan], May 21, 2012. 2 “Statement on the Sabin Square Bombing,” Madad News 3 Ibid. 1 JUNE 2012 . VOL 5. ISSUE 6 This emphasis on national struggle Tribal Equilibrium Much of this engagement now occurs reflects a phase shift in al-Qa`ida’s AQAP is, and still remains, a through Ansar al-Shari`a, which was messaging and methods. As Barak Barfi conglomerate. Conceived in a January reportedly founded in 2009.13 Operating and Ryan Evans have observed, AQAP 2009 merger between al-Qa`ida under its own banner, the movement eschews tribal domination in favor cells operating in Saudi Arabia and issues communiqués, operates media of more nuanced efforts to capture Yemen, its members brought different outlets, and generates propaganda aimed indigenous support.4 Other studies perspectives and experiences to their at Yemen’s Sunni tribesmen.14 In doing reinforce this point, explaining how regional franchise. Some, like former “strong norms of retribution, tribal Guantanamo detainees Said Ali al- coherence, and force of arms” limit Shihri and Mohamed Atiq Awayd al- “AQAP has proven its ability to “seize support through Harbi, fled to Yemen following their remarkably adept at repression.”5 Despite being rooted in repatriation and failed rehabilitation Yemen’s culture, society, and tribal in Saudi Arabia.7 Others, including reconciling the ideological system, the movement maintains its Yemenis such as Nasir al-Wahayshi, dictates of global jihad with rhetorical and operational focus on the served with Usama bin Ladin in far enemy—underscored by the recent Afghanistan before bringing the the practical realities of attempt to bomb a passenger aircraft jihad back home.8 Proven in war and local insurgency.” bound for the United States.6 These hardened by prison, this cohort rejected parallel approaches could ultimately the informal accommodation between diverge, creating tensions between their Arab Afghan predecessors and national objectives and international Yemen’s security services and called for so, Ansar al-Shari`a has abandoned the ambitions. For the moment, however, jihad against the Yemeni regime.9 elitist, quasi-jurisprudential rhetoric AQAP has proven remarkably adept at espoused by al-Qa`ida purists in favor reconciling the ideological dictates of AQAP also drew lessons directly from of a more populist (and often parochial) global jihad with the practical realities other al-Qa`ida franchises. Like al- message.15 As senior AQAP official Abu of local insurgency. Qa`ida in Iraq (AQI), the movement Zubayr Adel al-Abab observed, “the established its own provisional Islamic name Ansar al-Shari`a is what we use This article examines that reconciliation state.10 Like al-Qa`ida’s central to introduce ourselves in areas where in three stages. First, it explains how leadership, it courted religious and tribal we work, to tell people about our work AQAP uses Ansar al-Shari`a to operate leaders with longstanding grievances, and goals, and [to show] that we are on and propagate within Yemen’s tribal encouraging conservative clerics like the path of Allah.”16 society. Second, it discusses AQAP’s Abdul Majid al-Zindani to challenge the current capabilities and structure, with Yemeni regime11 and prominent shaykhs Tribal leaders confirm this subsidiary particular emphasis on its operations in like Tariq al-Fadhli to turn against it.12 relationship. Despite its unique brand, Abyan and Shabwa provinces. Third, Despite these similarities, however, AQAP uses Ansar al-Shari`a to promote it examines AQAP’s efforts to knit AQAP built its movement from the its activities in tribal areas, legitimize Saudi ideologues, Yemeni tribesmen, ground up rather than the top down. its members as “supporters” of Islamic and a diverse cohort of foreign fighters Anxious to avoid an indigenous uprising law, and elicit popular support without into an ideologically and operationally similar to the Sunni Awakening in Iraq, implicating the controversial al-Qa`ida coherent coalition. Drawing on more al-Wahayshi pursued a three-pronged brand.17 Combined with its direct appeals than 40 interviews with religious, strategy of engagement, empowerment, to demonstrators and Arab youth, this political, and tribal leaders from 14 and dependency among Yemen’s tribes. of Yemen’s 21 provinces conducted 13 “Interactive: Fractured Yemen,” al-Jazira, June 5, in May and June 2012, this analysis 2012. addresses the arc of convergence among 14 Personal interview, tribal mediator from Marib Prov- these factions and the implications for ince, Yemen, May 30, 2012, June 1, 2012; personal inter- regional counterterrorism operations. view, tribal leader from al-Jawf Province, Yemen, June 7 Abdullah al-Oraifij and Khaled al-Shalahi, “Al-Oufi, 1, 2012. Al-Shihiri Betrayed Our Trust: Families, Friends,” Saudi 15 Personal interview, resident director, Yemeni non- Gazette, January 28, 2009. governmental organization, Sana`a, Yemen, June 2, 8 Sudarsan Raghavan, “Al-Qaeda Group in Yemen Gain- 2012. ing Prominence,” Washington Post, December 28, 2009. 16 “Online Question and Answer Session with Abu 9 Gregory D. Johnsen, “Testimony Before the Senate Zubayr Adel al-Abab, Shari`a Official for al-Qa`ida in 4 Barak Barfi, “AQAP’s Soft Power Strategy in Yemen,” Foreign Relations Committee,” U.S. Senate, January 20, the Arabian Peninsula, April 18, 2012,” translation by CTC Sentinel 3:11-12 (2010); Ryan Evans, “From Iraq to 2010. Amany Soliman from the International Center for the Yemen: Al-Qa`ida’s Shifting Strategies,” CTC Sentinel 10 Aradar Madayah and Sawsan Abu-Husain, “Al-Qae- Study of Radicalization and Political Violence. 3:10 (2010). da Call for Islamic State in Southern Yemen,” Asharq al- 17 Personal interview, independent Yemeni researcher, 5 Gabriel Koehler-Derrick ed., A False Foundation: AQAP, Awsat, May 14, 2009. Sana`a, Yemen, May 27, 2012; personal interview, tribal Tribes, and Ungoverned Spaces in Yemen (West Point, NY: 11 Personal interview, senior shaykh, Bakhil Tribal Con- leader from Ibb Province, Sana`a, Yemen, June 1, 2012; Combating Terrorism Center, 2011). federation, Sana`a, Yemen, May 27, 2012. personal interview, Yemeni think-tank director, Sana`a, 6 “Al-Qaeda Yemen Plane Bomb Plot Foiled by ‘Insid- 12 Personal interview, senior provincial security official, Yemen, June 2, 2012; personal interview, independent er,’” BBC News, May 8, 2012. Aden, Yemen, May 28, 2012. Yemeni journalist, Sana`a, Yemen, June 2, 2012. 2 JUNE 2012 . VOL 5. ISSUE 6 approach suggests an attempt to shelter day,24 al-Qa`ida’s compensation offers loyalty, the syndicate discourages its AQAP’s hard core within a broader, a level of security and sustenance that partners from pursuing alternative organically derived popular front. As many tribal leaders cannot provide.25 sources of patronage.29 A similar Ansar al-Shari`a leader Jalal Muhsin calculus operates among some tribal Balidi al-Murqoshi explained, “We Empowerment also operates at the leaders.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • International-Religious-Freedom-Report Yemen-2018
    YEMEN 2018 INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM REPORT Executive Summary The constitution declares Islam the state religion and sharia the source of all legislation. It provides for freedom of thought and expression “within the limits of the law” but does not mention freedom of religion. The law prohibits denunciation of Islam, conversion from Islam to another religion, and proselytizing directed at Muslims. The conflict that broke out in 2014 between the government, led by President Abd Rabbuh Mansour Hadi, and Houthi-led Ansar Allah, a Zaydi Shia movement, continued through year’s end. While the president, vice president, and foreign minister remained in exile in Saudi Arabia, the remainder of the cabinet moved to Aden in October. The government did not exercise effective control over much of the country’s territory. Although causes for the war were complex, sectarian violence accompanied the civil conflict, which observers described as “part of a regional power struggle between Shia-ruled Iran and Sunni-ruled Saudi Arabia.” In January the Houthi-controlled National Security Bureau (NSB) sentenced to death Hamed Kamal Muhammad bin Haydara, a Baha’i, on charges of espionage. He had been imprisoned since 2013, accused of apostasy, proselytizing, and spying for Israel. He remained in prison awaiting execution at year’s end. According to the Baha’i International Community (BIC), in October armed soldiers in Sana’a arrested Baha’i spokesperson Abdullah Al-Olofi and detained him at an undisclosed location for three days. According to the BIC, in September a Houthi- controlled court in Sana’a charged more than 20 Baha’is with apostasy and espionage.
    [Show full text]
  • Supplementary Materials
    Supplementary materials Table 1. Key Findings. Year of Author Objectives Key Findings Publication Meyer, S.R.; Meyer, To explore the potential influence of Influx impacts food security, hunger, E.; Bangirana, C.; influx of refugees on adolescent well- education access and quality, [112] 2019 Mangen, P.O.; Stark, being from South Sudan and those in psychosocial well-being, safety, L. Uganda violence, and injury. Data show disparity and reported neonatal (3.0 vs. 1.8/1000) and To analyze the infant and neonatal infant (4.5 vs 2.6/1000) mortality mortality rates of Italian and foreign Simeoni, S.; Frova, L.; rates among foreign children [138] 2019 children and to evaluate if there is a De Curtis, M. compared to Italian children. The disparity among geographical macro- infant mortality among children born areas to women coming from Central and South Africa (8.2 /1000) is highest. Vulnerabilities includes material Williams, T.P.; deprivation, poverty, gender To identify protection issues facing [125] Chopra, V.; Chikanya, 2018 inequality, child abuse, transactional female adolescents in refugee camps S.R. sex, and exploitation within and around the camps The challenges include ensuring safety, the diverse backgrounds and To show challenges identified in needs of trafficked children, assistance provision to child victims [126] Warria, A. 2018 matching lifestyle previously of transnational trafficking in South provided by pimps/traffickers, and Africa premature return and reintegration of the children. Somali-specific age estimation model (SM) based on the WM resulted in a slight underestimation To compare the age prediction of age when the sex groups were Metsaniitty, M.; performances of the Willems et al.
    [Show full text]
  • IPEC Evaluation
    IPEC Evaluation National Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour in Yemen YEM/00/P50/USA An independent final evaluation by a team of external consultants January 2006 i National Programme for the Elimination of Child Labour in Yemen. NOTE ON THE EVALUATION PROCESS AND REPORT This independent evaluation was managed by ILO-IPEC’s Design, Evaluation and Documentation Section (DED) following a consultative and participatory approach. DED has ensured that all major stakeholders were consulted and informed throughout the evaluation and that the evaluation was carried out to highest degree of credibility and independence and in line with established evaluation standards. The evaluation was carried out a team of external consultants1. The field mission took place in January 2006. The opinions and recommendations included in this report are those of the authors and as such serve as an important contribution to learning and planning without necessarily constituting the perspective of the ILO or any other organization involved in the project. Funding for this project evaluation was provided by the United States Department of Labor. This report does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the United States Department of Labor nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the United States Government. 1 Andrea Hitzemann ii National Programme for the Elimination of Child Labour in Yemen. TABLE OF CONTENTS Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • United States of America: the Issue of Extrajudicial Killings in Yemen
    United States of America: The issue of extrajudicial killings in Yemen Report submitted to the Human Rights Committee in the context of the review of the fourth periodic report of the United States of America 30 August 2013 Alkarama – 2bis Chemin des Vignes – 1209 Geneva – Switzerland +41 22 734 10 06 – F +41 22 734 10 34 - Email: [email protected] – Url: www.alkarama.org About Alkarama Alkarama is a registered Swiss foundation headquartered in Geneva, established in 2004 by volunteer human rights lawyers and defenders. It works on human rights violations in the Arab world with offices and representatives in Lebanon (Beirut), Qatar (Doha), Cairo (Egypt) and Yemen (Sana’a). Its work focuses on four priority areas: extra-judicial executions, disappearances, torture and arbitrary detention. Related activities include protecting human rights defenders and ensuring the independence of judges and lawyers. Alkarama engages with the United Nations (UN) human rights mechanisms. It has submitted thousands of cases and urgent appeals to the Special Procedures of the UN, the Special Rapporteur on Torture, the High Commissioner for Human Rights and various UN human rights treaty bodies. Additionally, Alkarama has submitted numerous reports on the human rights situation in the Arab states reviewed under the Universal Periodic Review, and to the UN Special Procedures and human rights treaty bodies. Basing its work on principles of international human rights law and humanitarian law, Alkarama uses UN human rights mechanisms on behalf of victims of human rights violations and their families. It works constructively with sovereign states, the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights and national human rights institutions, as well as victims’ lawyers and human rights defenders.
    [Show full text]
  • Exploring Migrant Families' Acculturation and Livelihoods In
    Volume 8, Issue 15, July 2020 25 Journal of Sport for Development Original Research Exploring migrant families’ acculturation and livelihoods in Canada and the role of sport participation Sacha Smart1, Kyle Rich2, Allan Lauzon1 1 University of Guelph, Canada 2 Brock University, Canada Corresponding author email: [email protected] ABSTRACT largest number of migrants compared to other Canadian city centers (Morency et al., 2017). Whereas Montreal and Canada is poised to increase the number of migrants arriving Vancouver receive approximately 3,800 and 2,300 migrants annually. Growing attention is being directed toward how respectively annually, Toronto receives more than 5,700 sport can be managed in a way that is accessible and (Morency et al., 2017). The interaction of culturally diverse inclusive of immigrant populations, as well as how sport can populations contributes to acculturative stresses that are the foster new opportunities for migrants to develop connections results of behavioral changes among migrant populations within their communities. The objectives of this research (Berry, 1992). Acculturative stress has been associated with were to explore broadly the realities of the migrant behavior shifts (Paulhus et al., 2002; Ryder et al., 2013), settlement experience and migrants’ livelihoods in Toronto language difficulties (Boyd & Cao, 2009), emotional and the role sport had on these experiences. Using an disorders (Sam & Berry, 1995), and perceived social exploratory case study methodology, this paper explores the exclusion and discrimination (Banerjee, 2009; Bauder, participants’ strategies of acculturation and the implications 2003b). However, there is a growing body of academic of these strategies for developing social and cultural capital. literature (e.g., Spaaij, 2013; Walseth, 2006, 2008) that Youth sport programming is discussed as having little effect examines how sport can ease challenges of integration and on the financial capacities and livelihoods of migrants.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of EU Cooperation with Yemen 2002-12 Final Report Volume II – Annexes March 2015 ______Evaluation Carried out on Behalf of the European Commission
    Evaluation of EU Cooperation with Yemen 2002-12 Final Report Volume II – Annexes March 2015 ___________ Evaluation carried out on behalf of the European Commission Development and Cooperation EuropeAid Consortium composed by ADE, COWI Leader of the Consortium: ADE Contact Person: Edwin CLERCKX [email protected] Framework Contract No EVA 2011/Lot 4 Specific Contract N°2012/306861/2 Evaluation of EU Cooperation with Yemen 2002-12 This evaluation was commissioned by the Evaluation Unit of the Directorate-General for Development and Cooperation – EuropeAid (European Commission) Due to the prevailing security situation in 2014, this evaluation was undertaken without a field phase on the ground in Yemen Team: Dane Rogers (Team Leader), Ginny Hill, Jon Bennett, Helen Lackner, Rana Khalil, David Fleming This report has been prepared in collaboration with 12 English Business Park, English Close, Hove, BN3 7ET United Kingdom Tel: +44 (0)1273 765250 Fax: +44 (0)1273 765251 Email: [email protected] www.itad.com The opinions expressed in this document represent the authors’ points of view, which are not necessarily shared by the European Commission or by the authorities of the countries involved. © Cover picture right: Sana’a bab al yemen. Photo Credit: Helen Lackner Evaluation of EU Cooperation with Yemen Final Report – Annexes – March 2015 Evaluation of EU Cooperation with Yemen Final Report – Annexes – March 2015 Evaluation of EU Cooperation with Yemen Final Report Annexes, March 2015 TABLE OF CONTENTS Part 1: Annexes framing the evaluation ................................................................................................. 1 Annex 1: Evaluation Terms Of Reference .......................................................................................... 3 Annex 2: Evaluation Questions with Judgement Criteria, Indicators and Methods ........................
    [Show full text]
  • Yemen National Iodine Deficiency Survey 2015
    Republic of Yemen Ministry of Public Health and Population Yemen National Iodine Deficiency Survey 2015 i Yemen National Iodine Deficiency Survey 2015 For additional information on this study, Contact Details: Nagib Abdulbaqi A. Ali Nutrition Specialist/ YCSD Section Email: [email protected] Name: Linna Abdullah Al-Eryani Ministry of Public Health and Population Designation: Head of Nutrition Department Email: [email protected] ii iii Contents Acronyms ................................................................................................................................... v Background ................................................................................................................................ 1 Survey objectives ................................................................................................................... 1 The methodology ....................................................................................................................... 2 Sample design and size .......................................................................................................... 3 Training and field procedures ................................................................................................ 4 Handling of urine specimens and salt samples....................................................................... 6 Lab tests of urine and salt and interpretation of readings ...................................................... 6 Data entry, cleaning and analysis ..........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • 729-Doc-11.Pdf
    Health Systems Profile- Yemen Regional Health Systems Observatory- EMRO CONTENTS Foreword 1 Executive Summary ...............................................................................................1 2 Socio Economic Geopolitical Mapping......................................................................7 2.1 Socio-cultural Factors .....................................................................................7 2.2 Economy .......................................................................................................8 2.3 Geography and Climate ..................................................................................9 2.4 Political/ Administrative Structure ....................................................................9 3 Health status and demographics...........................................................................10 3.1 Health Status Indicators ...............................................................................11 3.3 Demography ................................................................................................12 4 Health System Organization .................................................................................14 4.1 Brief History of the Health Care System .........................................................14 4.2 Public Health Care System ............................................................................14 4.3 Private Health Care System...........................................................................15 4.4 Overall Health Care System...........................................................................18
    [Show full text]
  • Refugee Youth, Belonging and Community Sport
    This is an Author’s Accepted Manuscript of an article published in Leisure Studies [copyright Taylor & Francis]. Leisure Studies, 2015, 34(3): 303-318 Refugee youth, belonging and community sport Ramón Spaaij Abstract This article examines community sport as a site where refugee youth negotiate belonging, which is conceptualised as a dynamic dialectic of ‘seeking’ and ‘granting’. Drawing on three years of ethnographic fieldwork among Somali Australian youth at community football (soccer) clubs in Melbourne, the article identifies the kinds of belonging that are constructed by refugee youth in community sport, the social processes that facilitate or impede these belongings, and the forms of boundary work involved. The belonging negotiated by Somali Australian youth in community sports clubs is multi-layered, dynamic and situational, and involves multiple boundary shifts. It operates at varying scales of experience from the sports team and local community to the transnational. The article shows that while social boundaries such as clan, team and locality are porous, other boundaries of inclusion/exclusion, notably gender, ethnicity and religion, tend to be more stable and more difficult to cross for Somali Australian youth in community football clubs. Keywords: belonging; boundary work; refugees; settlement; sport 1 Introduction Sport plays a significant role in the everyday lives of many young people with refugee backgrounds. One reason is that sport provides a setting in which young people can express themselves through bodily practices, construct and perform social identities, and craft emotional closeness to, or distance from, other people (e.g. Walseth, 2006a; Walseth & Fasting, 2004). Playing or watching sport is something that many young people, and especially young men, do as a way of occupying themselves and socialising with each other.
    [Show full text]
  • Migrant Integration and Cultural Capital in the Context of Sport and Physical Activity: a Systematic Review
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Victoria University Eprints Repository Journal of International Migration and Integration https://doi.org/10.1007/s12134-018-0634-5 Migrant Integration and Cultural Capital in the Context of Sport and Physical Activity: a Systematic Review Robyn Smith1 & Ramón Spaaij2,3 & Brent McDonald2 # The Author(s) 2018 Abstract The belief that participation in sport and physical activity assists the integration of culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) migrants is prominent within sport policy and programming. Integration outcomes may be enhanced when the migrant develops facets of cultural capital that are valued by both the migrant and the destination country. This paper systematically examines the cultural capital of CALD migrants in the context of participation in sport and physical activity. Databases were searched for papers published in peer-reviewed journals between 1990 and 2016. A total of 3040 articles were identified and screened, and 45 papers were included in this review. Findings show that migrants’ cultural capital can be both an asset to, and a source of exclusion from, sport participation. Sport and physical activity are sites where migrant- specific cultural capital is (re)produced, where new forms of cultural capital that are valued in the destination society are generated, and where cultural capital is negotiated in relation to the dominant culture. The authors conclude that the analytical lens of cultural capital enables an in-depth understanding of the interplay between migrant agency and structural constraints, and of integration as a two-way process of change and adaptation, in the context of sport and physical activity.
    [Show full text]
  • Bringing Forth the Voices of Muhammasheen
    BRINGING FORTH THE VOICES OF MUHAMMASHEEN By: Marta Colburn, Fatimah Saleh, Mohammed Al-Harbi, Sumaya Saleem June 28, 2021 BRINGING FORTH THE VOICES OF MUHAMMASHEEN By Marta Colburn, Fatimah Saleh, Mohammed Al-Harbi and Sumaya Saleem June 18, 2021 ALL PHOTOS IN THIS REPORT WERE TAKEN FOR THE SANA’A CENTER AT AL-BIRIN MUHAMASHEEN CAMP, WEST OF TAIZ CITY, ON FEBRURARY ,21 2021, BY AHMED AL-BASHA. The Sana’a Center for Strategic Studies is an independent think-tank that seeks to foster change through knowledge production with a focus on Yemen and the surrounding region. The Center’s publications and programs, offered in both Arabic and English, cover political, social, economic and security related developments, aiming to impact policy locally, regionally, and internationally. © COPYRIGHT SANA´A CENTER 2021 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................. 5 ACRONYMS ..................................................................................... 6 I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...............................................................8 II. HISTORICAL AND SOCIAL CONTEXT ...................................... 14 2.1 Terminology ...........................................................................15 2.2 Demographics and Migration ............................................... 18 2.3 Theories on the Origins of Muhammasheen...........................21 III. Key Research Findings: The Impact of the Conflict on Muhammasheen ...........................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Security Council Distr.: General 27 July 2018
    United Nations S/2018/705 Security Council Distr.: General 27 July 2018 Original: English Letter dated 16 July 2018 from the Chair of the Security Council Committee pursuant to resolutions 1267 (1999), 1989 (2011) and 2253 (2015) concerning Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (Da’esh), Al-Qaida and associated individuals, groups, undertakings and entities addressed to the President of the Security Council I have the honour to transmit herewith the twenty-second report of the Analytical Support and Sanctions Monitoring Team pursuant to resolutions 1526 (2004) and 2253 (2015), which was submitted to the Security Council Committee pursuant to resolutions 1267 (1999), 1989 (2011) and 2253 (2015) concerning Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (Da’esh), Al-Qaida and associated individuals, groups, undertakings and entities, in accordance with paragraph (a) of annex I to resolution 2368 (2017). I should be grateful if the present letter and the report could be brought to the attention of the members of the Security Council and issued as a document of the Council. (Signed) Kairat Umarov Chair Security Council Committee pursuant to resolutions 1267 (1999), 1989 (2011) and 2253 (2015) concerning Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (Da’esh), Al-Qaida and associated individuals, groups, undertakings and entities 18-10599 (E) 090818 *1810599* S/2018/705 Letter dated 27 June 2018 from the Analytical Support and Sanctions Monitoring Team in accordance with paragraph (a) of annex I to resolution 2368 (2017) addressed to the Chair of the Security Council
    [Show full text]