AN ANALYSIS OF LOANWORDS FOUND IN KICK ANDY TALK SHOW
A THESIS
BY
RAJA GUNTAR SIMAMORA
REG. NO. 110705041
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2015 vi Approved by the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara (USU) Medan as thesis for The Sarjana Sastra Examination.
Head, Secretary,
Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, M.S. Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A., Ph.D. NIP. 19541117 198003 1 002 NIP. 19750209 200812 1 002
vii Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from the Department of English, Faculty of
Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara, Medan.
The examination is held in Department of English Faculty of Cultural Studies
University of Sumatera Utara on Thursday, July 7th, 2015
Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies
University of Sumatera Utara
Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, M.A.
NIP.19511013 197603 1 001
Board of examiners
Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, M.S.
Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A. Ph.D.
Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, M.A.
Dr. Hj. Deliana, M.Hum. AUTHOR’S DECLARATION
I, RAJA GUNTAR SIMAMORA, DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE
AUTHOR OF THIS THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN
THE TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL
PUBLISHED ELSEWHERE OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART
FROM A THESIS BY WHICH I HAVE QUALIFIED FOR OR AWARDED
ANOTHER DEGREE. NO OTHER PERSON’S WORK HAS BEEN USED
WITHOUT DUE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THIS
THESIS. THIS THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD
OF ANOTHER DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION.
Signed:
Date : July 7th, 2015
v COPYRIGHT DECLARATION
NAME : RAJA GUNTAR SIMAMORA
TITLE OF THESIS : AN ANALYSIS OF LOANWORDS FOUND IN KICK ANDY TALK SHOW QUALIFICATION : S-1/SARJANA SASTRA
DEPARTMENT : ENGLISH
I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR
REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCRETION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES,
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT
USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW
OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA.
Signed :
Date : July 7th, 2015
vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Firstly, I would like to express my gratitude to the Almighty, Jesus Christ, the mankind’s savior who loves me with a heavenly unmatched and unconditional affection and blesses me with a great life and environment that I can pass all problems in my life without changing and remove my faith on Him.
Secondly, I would like to express my gratitude and appreciation to those who have given me advice, motivation, and help in accomplishing my paper. They are:
1. My beloved parents, to whom this paper is devoted, Japiner Simamora and Restina br Hotang, who dedicate their entire live for family neglecting their ego to fulfill. They are such a great motivator, advisor, supporter, enthusiasm charger and shelter that I can live my life until nowadays and accomplish this paper. 2. My dear sisters and brother Novita Yanti, Yenni Pasolina Lentiana and Ari Saputra who have become my cheeriness and motivation, I do love you all. 3. Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, MA. as the Dean of Cultural Studies Faculty, University of Sumatera Utara; Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, M.S, as the Head of English Department, University of Sumatera Utara; Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, MA. Ph.D as the Secretary of Department of English, University of Sumatera Utara. 4. Dr. Hj. Deliana, M.Hum as my Supervisor and Drs. Bahagia Tarigan, MA as co-supervisor who have shared their valuable ideas, times, guidance and patience in process of completing this paper. 5. All the lecturers of English Department who have shared many knowledge and experience as the resource to rely on in facing the true and challenging life after the campus life. 6. Dani Saputra, Ridho Vandi, Anna, Mesrani, Nova Kristina, Rinova Damaris, Dona Patricia, Aida Caroline, Rinnah wiyono, Cristine Falentine, Anggie, Elvi Rahmi, Elysabeth, Herta, Sola Joshua, Fadillah Eka, Greacia, Evcis, Erlita, Ruth Martha, Afrizal, Feby P, Renatha, Atena, Camelia, Beby and all English Department Student (2011 Academic Year) that I can’t mention name by name otherwise I should make another appendices to load the list that have been family for me in attending and discussing lecturing for this four years. 7. Gamelis Naibaho, Heleri, Rapika, Candira, Monica, Dame and other brothers and sisters of English Department who keep supporting and motivating me to finish this Paper. 8. Erwinsyah Simbolon, Jhontry Hasugian, Santo Manalu, Endang Nostarina, Yohana Sihombing, Fatma Marbun, Romida buaton, Rony Tamba, Sahat Simamora, Togar Manalu who have been more than just friends for me for these years.
vii 9. Last but not least, for all of my friends and people who know me. I am truly sorry because I cannot write your names but I hope you always know that you are always in my heart. And I am grateful that god let us met that I can learn many things from you.
Finally, I realize that this paper is far from being perfect and without any help, support, and spirit from my beloved parties, this paper could not be completed, so I really hope and appreciate for constructive critics and suggestions. I do hope this paper will be worthwhile for all of us.
Medan, 07 July 2015
Raja Guntar Simamora Reg. No. : 110705041
viii ABSTRAK
Skripsi yang berjudul "An Analysis of Loanwords found in Kick Andy Talk Show" ini, merupakan sebuah kajian ilmu bahasa dari sudut pandang Sosiolinguistik. Skripsi ini membahas tentang fenomena multi bahasa sebagai dampak kontak bahasa yang dispesifikkan pada penggunaan kata pinjaman, yang dipinjam dari Bahasa Inggris ke Bahasa Indonesia. Adapun teori yang mendukung kajian ini adalah teori yang dikemukakan oleh Haugen (1969). Teori ini menjelaskan tentang kata-kata pinjaman yang kemudian dikelompokkan ke dalam loanwords, loanblends, dan loanshift. Loanwords (kata pinjaman) kemudian dikelompokkan lagi ke dalam kata pinjaman penting (necessary loanwords) dan kata pinjaman tidak penting (unnecessary loanwords) yang ditentukan berdasarkan ketersediaan padanan kata dalam bahasa utama. Tujuan dari kajian ini adalah untuk menemukan jenis kata pinjaman yang ditemukan dalam rekaman Talk Show Kick Andy yang disiarkan pada 03 Oktober 2014, dan membandingkan persentase dari kedua kategori tersebut. penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kepustakaan yang menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Tahap-tahap yang dilalui dalam penelitian ini meliputi tahapan sumber data, tahapan pengumpulan data, tahapan penelitian, dan analisis data. Dalam kajian ini, ditemukan 161 temuan kata pinjaman, yang mana 36 diantaranya (22,36%) adalah kata pinjaman penting, sementara 125 temuan lainnya (77,64%), adalah kata pinjaman tidak penting
Kata kunci: Sosiolinguistik, kontak bahasa, multi bahasa, kata pinjaman, kata pinjaman penting, kata pinjaman tidak penting
ix ABSTRACT
This thesis entitled "An Analysis of Loanwords found in Kick Andy Talk Show" is a linguistics study, from Sociolinguistics’ perspective. This thesis discusses the phenomenon of multilingualism as the result of language contact which is specified on the use of loanwords, borrowed from English into Indonesian. The theory supported this analysis is theory proposed by Haugen (1969). This theory explains about borrowing word and classifies the types of borrowing words covering Loanwords, Loanblends and Loanshift. Loanwords is further classified into Necessary Loanwords and Unnecessary loanwords which is determined based on the availability of the corresponding items in the own language. the objective of this study is to figure out what kind of loanwords are found in transcription of Kick Andy Talk Show aired on October 03th 2014, and to compare the percentage of the two categories’ occurances. This thesis is designed as library research, in which the methodology used in this thesis is a qualitative description method. Methodological stages passed in this thesis include the source of the data, the data collection stage, the stages of research, and the data analysis. The results of the analysis found 161 different occurances of loanwords, 36 of which (22.36%) are necessary loanwords, and other 125 occurances (77.64%), are unnecessary loanwords.
Keywords: sociolinguistics, language contact, multilingualism, borrowing words, loanwords, necessary loanwords, unnecessary loanwords.
x TABLE OF CONTENT
Page
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION ………………………………………… v
COPYRIGHT DELARATION ………………………………………… vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS …………………………………………….. vii
ABSTRAK ………………………………………………………………. ix
ABSTRACT ……………………………………………………………… x
TABLE OF CONTENT …………………………………………………. xi
LIST OF TABLES ………………………………………………………. xiii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background of Analysis ...... 1
1.2. Problem of Analysis ...... 3
1.3. Objective of Analysis ...... 4
1.4. Scope of Analysis ...... 4
1.5. Significance of Analysis ...... 4
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2.1. An Overview of Sociolinguistics …………………... 6
2.2 Language Contact ………………………………… .. 7
2.3 Bilingualism and Multilingualism ………………..... 8
2.3.1 Code-Choosing …………………………………….. 8
2.3.2 Code-Switching …………………………………….. 9
2.3.3 Code Mixing ……………………………………….. 9
2.3.4 Interference ………………………………………… 10
2.3.5 Word Borrowing ……………………………………. 10
2.3.5.1 Loanwords ………………………………………….. 12
xi a. Necessary Loanwords ……………………………… 12
b. Unnecessary Loanword …………………………….. 12
2.3.5.2 Loanblends …………………………………………. 14
2.3.5.3 Loanshift …………………………………………… 14
CHAPTER III METHODS OF ANALYSIS
3.1. Research Design ……………………………………. 18
3.2. Data and Source Data ……………………………... .. 18
3.3. Data Collecting Method ……………………………. 18
3.4. Data Analysis Method ………………………………. 19
CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
4.1. Data Description .……………………………………. 21
4.2 Classified and Analysed Data ..…...…………………. 26
4.2.1 Necessary Loanwords ……………………………….. 27
4.2.2 Unnecessary Loanwords …………………………….. 42
4.3 Findings …………………………………………….... 92
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1. Conclusion ..…………………………………………. 94
5.2. Suggestion ..…………………………………………… 106
REFERENCES ……………………………………………………………… 108
APPENDICES
xii LIST OF TABLES
NO PAGE
2.1 Differences among Code Switching, Code Mixing and Borrowing Word 11
2.2 Necessary and Unnecessary Loanwords ……………………………… 13
4.1 Data Collection of Kick Andy Talk show …………….……………….. 21
4.2 Necessary Loanwords ……………………...... ………………………. 27
4.3 Unnecessary Loanwords …………………………………………………. 42
4.4 Percentage of Loanwords’ Occurances ………………………………….. 92
5.1 Necessary Loanwords’ List ………………………………………………. 94
5.2 Unnecessary Loanwords’ List …………………………………………… 96
5.3 Unnecessary Loanwords’ Corresponding Items ………………………. 100
xiii CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of Analysis
It is Hoji Takahashi, a seventy-one-year-old Japanese, who inspires the writer about the necessity of defending the authenticity of one language from the influence of others. He sued a national broadcaster, NHK, for "mental distress" caused by an excessive use of borrowing words which are dominantly from English, as reported by
BBC News on 27 June 2013, entitled “Japan's NHK sued over use of English words”. It is serious case considered common by most of people nowadays, because according to Mr. Takahashi, Word-Borrowing can be reputed as language degeneration that everybody should be aware of.
Word borrowing is a condition in which a speaker or writer takes components of other language into his own language and adapts it as his language’s components.
Word borrowing commonly occurs among bilinguals/multilingual besides code choosing, code switching, code mixing and interference as forms of language contacts. Historically, word borrowing has been done English itself, has enriched 75 percent of its lexicon through doing borrowing. The languages supplied words to
English include: French (people, government, nation, crime, cuisine, elite), German
(kindergarten, seminar), Italian (Piano, Casino, extravaganza, cappuccino, pizza),
Spanish (macho, mosquito, cannibal, tornado), Hindi (guru, jungle, cheetah, shampoo), Japanese (tycoon, karaoke, kimono), Malay (bumboo, ketchup),
Aborigine (boomerang, kangaroo), Arabic (zero) etc. (Donald:2003)
Of course, borrowing word can’t be forever avoided. There will be a condition in which we must do it in order to give the second person understanding
1 about something new. But we must highlight that it should have been done as the last alternative to solve the cultural concept difference. Sneddon (2003:186) says, “Some borrowings are felt to fulfill a need for a particular concept that is new to the society or is felt not to be fully or precisely covered by existing words.” It means that we do borrowing word in order to avoid the shift of meaning of the terms because the available word can’t exactly present the whole meaning of the terms. Surprisingly,
Jendra (2012: 89) infers that in general, people tend to borrow foreign words/ terms of unnecessary type. Some people borrow the words because the corresponding items available in their language are less common than the ones they borrow. In other word, they do borrowing word not because of need, but wish.
Haugen (1950), an American linguist, proposed classification on word borrowing in reference to the formation of the words as well as whether the form or only the meaning of the words are borrowed (in Jendra, 2012:88). He classified borrowing word into loanword, loanblends and loanshift.
This thesis focuses on loanword in which according to the level of necessity, it is divided into necessary loanword (Importations) and unnecessary loanword
(Substitutions) (in Jendra, 2012: 88). Necessary loanwords are words borrowed from foreign language by bilinguals into their utterance because they find there is no exact word in their own language that can express what they mean. On the contrary, unnecessary loanwords are the words from the foreign language that are borrowed although there are actually corresponding words in the receiver language that may be used to substitute them. i.e: Karma (Sanskrit) Karma (Indonesian)
Computer (English) Komputer (Indonesian)
Tsunami (Japanese) Tsunami (Indonesian)
2 Effective (English) Efektif (Indonesian)
Legalization (English) Legalisasi (Indonesian)
Snack (English) Snack (Indonesia)
From six loanwords above, we can classify them into necessary or unnecessary loanwords. Karma, Komputer, and Tsunami are necessary loanwords since there is no exact word in Indonesian that expresses what they mean. Efektif, legalisasi and snack are unnecessary loanwords, as they have corresponding items in Indonesian namely sangkil, pengabsahan and kudapan.
The source of data of this thesis is Kick Andy, which is an inspiring, high quality talk show program hosted by a senior journalist, Andy F. Noya, on Metro
TV. The show is broadcasted premiere on 01 March 2006. Now, Kick Andy became one of the favorite shows and inspiring for the people of Indonesia as it brings up variety themes, from Politics, Law and Rights, Culture, etc. no wonder if The program which is aired every Friday at 20:05 pm becomes the most waited Talk
Show. On 03 October 2014, Kick Andy invited Abraham Samad, the Chairman of
Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK).
1.2 Problem of Analysis
The problems are formulated as follows:
a. What necessary loanwords are used in Kick Andy Talk Show aired on
03rd October 2014?
b. What unnecessary loanwords are used in Kick Andy Talk Show aired on
03rd October 2014?
3 c. What suitable corresponding items are available in Indonesian to
substitute those unnecessary loanwords used in Kick Andy Talk Show
aired on 03rd October 2014
d. What are the reasons of the speakers using loanwords??
1.3 Objective of Analysis
The purposes of the study can be summarized as follows:
a. To find out necessary loanwords used in Kick Andy Talk Show aired on
03 October 2014
b. To find out unnecessary loanwords used in Kick Andy Talk Show aired on
03 October 2014
c. To find out the suitable corresponding items available in Indonesian to
substitute those unnecessary loanwords used in Kick Andy Talk Show
aired on 03 October 2014
d. To find out the reasons of the speakers using loanwords
1.4 Scope of Analysis
This study focuses on loanwords as suggested by Haugen, and deeper focus to find out and analyze the use of necessary and Unnecessary Loanwords/
Substitution. In order to avoid wider discussion, it will be loanwords taken from
English that will be analyzed. And In order to get valid data, the writer decides not to use sampling technique. The writer will analyze the whole conversation between the host and the informant from the beginning until the end of the record of the talk show.
1.5 Significance of Analysis
This thesis is intended to be helpful theoretically and practically.
Theoretically, this thesis is expected to increase the understanding about the effect of
4 Language contact, especially Word-Borrowing and to give understanding about importance and substitution.
Practically, by reading this thesis, the readers become aware of the importance of using a good language and avoid using unnecessary loanwords in daily conversation, interview and speech. Not only does in Indonesian, but also in all languages around the world.
5 CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 An Overview of Sociolinguistics
Language is one of the most special character humans have that distinguishes them from other beings. The science studying about the nature and the characters of language is called linguistics. Linguistics analyzes the elements of language and their relation in fulfilling their function as the instrument of linking humans one to others.
Today, long after Saussure’s day, students study linguistics may have different inquisitiveness in exploring the language. Some want to study about the internal element of language/ micro-scope of linguistics (phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics) while others are more interested in analyzing various external matters related to language/ macro-scope of linguistics (Psycholinguistics,
Anthropolinguistics, Sociolinguistics) (in Jendra, 2012:9)
Sociolinguistics is one of the most popular macro-scope of linguistics field. It studies about the language and society. Etymologically, sociolinguistics comes from socio and linguistics. Socio refers to social while linguistics refers to the study of language. www.wikipedia.org, a trusted online encyclopedia, defines sociolinguistics as the descriptive study of the effect of any and all aspects of society, including cultural norms, expectation, and context, on the way language is used and the effect of language use on society. This definition is relevant with what Wardaugh (1986) proposed (in Jendra, 2012:10). He says that sociolinguistics is concerned with investigating the relationship between language and society with the goal of a better understanding of the structure of language and how language functions in communications.
6 According to Nababan (1993) in his book entitled SOSIOLINGUISTIK: Suatu
Pengantar, proposes three main problem sociolinguist deals with. They are:
a. Analyzing language in social and cultural context
b. Relating language factors, characters, and variation of language with
social and cultural factors and situation.
c. Analyzing social functions and language use in society
While Jendra (2012) in his book, Sociolinguistics: The Study Of Societies’ Language, specifies those three problems into topic of discussion sociolinguist should deal with.
They are: Language Function, Language Varieties, Language Contacts, Language
Attitudes, Language Changes, and Language Plans. This thesis will Focus on language Contacts.
2.2 Language Contacts
According to Jendra (2012:67) language contact is a sociolinguistics circumstances where two or more languages, elements of different language, or varieties within a language, used simultaneously or mixed one over the others. The concept has been used to cover a situation where people choose to switch from using a language to another for particular reasons as well as for no obvious reasons.
Reasons of the language contacts can be divided into two, namely direct and distant. Direct contacts happen because the speakers of the language meet in person, such as travelling activities or exploration. While distant contacts refers to contacts that happen through the mass media (papers, magazines, cellular technologies, TV,
Internet)
Form of contacts of language can be seen in a situation where a speaker, a fluent bilingual, switches from a language to another, mixes different languages in one conversation, or borrow lexical items from a foreign language into their lexicon.
7 It can be code choosing, code mixing, code switching, word borrowing and interference. While the people involved in this language phenomenon is called
Bilingual or Multilingual. It is possible to refer to a language or a variety of a language as a code. The term is useful because it is neutral. Terms like dialect, language, style, standard language, pidgin, and creole are inclined to arouse emotions. In contrast, the ‘neutral’ term code, taken from information theory, can be used to refer to any kind of system that two or more people employ for communication (Wardaugh, 2006:88).
2.3 Bilingualism and Multilingualism
Contacts between people living as different communities have been progressing more rapidly since the industrialization. And today, modern advanced technology (computers, cellular phones and the internet) is intensifying the contact.
The people who do not only speak one language but two languages are called
Bilingual. While those who use more than two languages are called multilingual though there is argument among the linguist that multilingual should be categorized as bilingual. The phenomenon/ situation using more than one language is called bilingualism or multilingualism.
Here are some linguistics phenomenons caused by language contacts:
2.3.1 Code-Choosing
Code choosing is a condition in which a speaker tends to choose a code which is understood by listener so the idea/ feeling the speaker wants to communicate can be clearly delivered. This situation is also known as speech accommodation (speech convergence). According to Jendra (2012:71) the skill of choosing code is classified as communicative competence and it is basically developed by observing factors found in the social context of language uses. This statement seems strengthen
8 Hymes’ suggestion (1964) about the eight factors the bilingual/ multilingual/ monolingual consider before choosing code. They are abbreviated as SPEAKING which stand for Scene, Participants, Ends, Act sequence, Key, Instrumentalities,
Norm of interaction, and Genre.
2.3.2 Code-Switching
People are usually required to select a particular code whenever they choose to speak, and they may also decide to switch from one code to another or to mix codes even within sometimes very short utterances and thereby create a new code in a process known as code-switching. According to Pietro (1977) (in Jendra, 2012: 74) code switching is the use of more than one language by communicants in the execution of a speech act. This phenomenon may happen because of quoting someone, marking and emphasizing group identity or solidarity, including or excluding someone from a conversation, raising status, and showing language expertise. Look at following examples:
. “Jangan lupa ya, it’s really hot and absolutely gorgeous. Kamu pasti puas”
(switching Indonesian to English)
. “You know, education qualities of the universities are not quite the same from
one another. Here lower a bit, here there or better, macam itu lah.”
(Switching Standard English to Singaporean English)
. “It’s okay, no problem, ya nggak?” (Switching English to Indonesia)
2.3.3 Code-Mixing
Some sociolinguists tend to categorize code-mixing as code-switching. As
Wardaugh proposed in his book, An Introduction to Sociolinguistics, page 101 he says that Code-switching (also called code-mixing) can occur in conversation
9 between speakers’ turns or within a single speaker’s turn. Jendra (2012:79) presents difference between those phenomenons. In code-mixing, bilingual speakers seem to apply some foreign words or phrases (pieces of one language smaller than clause) while the other language (code) functions as the base. Furthermore, bilingual speakers are said to mix codes (but not switch from one to another) when there is no topic that changes, nor thus the situation. Look at these following examples:
. No van a bring it up in the meeting (mixing Spanish with English)
. Watashi was waseda graduate shimashita (Mixing Japanese with English)
. Come be good. Otherwise yu bai go long kot. (Mixing Tok Pisin with
English)
2.3.4 Interference
Hartmann and Stork (1972) defines interferences as the errors by carrying over the speech habits of the native language or dialect into a second language or dialect. It means that interference is equal to overgeneralization, which is referred to as an error in using second code for an effect of first code uses. Look at following example:
The interfered English : I have watched it yesterday
The Indonesian equivalent : saya Sudah menontonnya kemarin
The Correct English : I watched it yesterday or I have watched it
2.3.5 Word-Borrowing
Besides choosing, switching, mixing and interfering some codes, a bilingual often borrows lexical items (words) from another language and uses it in their utterance. Unlike switching or mixing codes, borrowing, borrowing foreign words does not require a high degree of fluency in a different language. A word borrower
10 can be a partial or passive bilingual who may never really use another language from which they borrow the words.
Just like different perspectives suggested in distinguishing code-switching from code-mixing, there are also different views proposed on how to distinguish the two phenomenons from word-borrowing.
One view said that code-switching and code-mixing happen at the level of speech (individual) while word-borrowing is found at the level of language
(community). The second view says that in code-switching and code-mixing the foreign items are sentences, clauses or phrases, while in borrowing the foreign items are words. The third view says in word-borrowings the bilingual may change or adapt the foreign items, while in code-switching there should be no adaptation to the foreign items.
Those differences can be summarized as presented by the table below:
Table 2.1: differences among code switching, code mixing and borrowing word. Jendra
(2012:82)
No Points of View Code-switching Code-Mixing Borrowing- word 1 Grammatical item Sentence/ clause Phrase Word Word Morpheme Phoneme 2 Base language Apparent Sometimes Apparent apparent 3 Topic May change Maintained Maintained 4 Situations Formal Informal Formal /informal 5 Bilingual fluency Partial Total Partial 6 Language level Speech Speech Language
11 (individual) (individual) (societal) 7 Adaptation Not adapted Not adapted Adapted
In reference with the formation of the word, as well as whether the form or only the meanings of the words are borrowed, Haugen (1950) proposed new classification of word-borrowing. Instead of using word-borrowing, Haugen tends to use loan to express the same meaning. The classification covers:
2.3.5.1 Loanwords
Loanwords refer to word-borrowing in general. According to the level of necessity in borrowing the words, loanwords are distinguished further into two types, namely necessary and unnecessary loanwords. a. Necessary Loanwords
Necessary loanwords are words borrowed from foreign language by bilinguals into their utterance because they find there is no exact word in their own language that can express what they mean. Words related to typical nature, cultural specifics, religious belief, or newly established technology are commonly of this class. The Sanskrit karma for instance, was borrowed into English in 19th century because there was no any single word in the language that could express the meaning appropriately. other examples are yoga (Sanskrit), jihad and jilbab (Arabic), tsunami, karaoke (Japanese), mammoth (Russian) as well as some Indonesia such as gong, orang utan, sarong, paddy, sago, kapok. Meanwhile, lots of words in English related to invention of technology that are borrowed into other languages are of this type, such as television, telephone, computer, internet etc. b. Unnecessary Loanwords
Unnecessary loanwords are the words from a foreign language that are borrowed even though there are corresponding words in the receiver language that
12 may be used to substitute them. The words hot, request and date that are borrowed into Indonesian belong to this type as the Indonesians may actually use panas, meminta or kencan to refer to the meaning expressed by the English items.
In general people tend to borrow foreign words of unnecessary type. Some people borrow the words because the corresponding items available in their language are less common than the ones they borrow. Sneddon (2003:185), says “a great many borrowings from English fulfill no communicative need, expressing concepts adequately covered by existing words.” It can be said that the bilinguals do borrowing/ loanword not because of needs but wish. As the research done by
Marcelinno (1990c, 1993, 1994) and Sidharta (1992), it is found that the respond/
Indonesian’s language attitude toward English is very positive. Therefore, the loanword from English is not motivated by the lack of corresponding item in
Indonesian, but by the wish to show their modern identity as member of community as an educated man (Dardjowidjojo, 1996: 95)
The following list of popular loanword found in Indonesian demonstrates this
‘Unnecessary’ problem. Some of the Indonesian corresponding items indeed look more ‘foreign’ than the English that have been frequently and widely used.
Table 2.2 : Necessary and Unnecessary Loanwords
English Indonesian’s The Indonesian
Loanwords Adapted version Corresponding item
Ambiguous Ambigu Taksa
group Grup Kelompok
Cream bath Krimbat Langir krim
Effective Efektif Sangkil
13 Efficient Efisien Mengkus
Laminating laminating Penyalutan
e-mail e-mail Pos elektronik
Print Print Cetak
copy Kopi Salin
Fitness centre Fitness centre Pusat kebugaran
Focus Focus Pumpunan
Hand phone Hand phone Telepon genggam
Relevant Relevan Gayut
Microphone Mikrofon Pelantang
Keyboard Keyboard Papan tombol
2.3.5.2 Loanblends
Loanblends are formed through combining the word of foreign language and a word of the base language. Compared to loanwords, this type of word-borrowing is rather rare. The classic example is gumbaum that blends the English gum and the
German baum. The German showgeschaft that blends the English show and the
German geschaft is categorized as loanblends as well.
2.3.5.3 Loanshift
Loanshift refers to words which are formed by borrowing only the meaning found in the words of foreign resources. Thus, unlike loanwords and loanblends, in loanshift only the meaning are borrowed while the forms are replaced by the ones found in the language. For this transfer of meaning, loanshift is also popularly known as loantranslation. To language purists loanshift or loantranslation are often a more favored linguistic strategy.
14 Loanshift cases can be found in any language including English, German and
French, which has borrowed from each other. The English skyscraper for instance, has been borrowed into German’s wolkenkratzer and french’s gratteciel. And the
English term loanword is originally a loanshift from the German lehnwort. In the past, Indonesian lexicon used to have the Dutch as one of the source-languages for this type of borrowing. The Indonesian Rumah sakit for instance, was a loanshift of the Dutch Ziekenhuis, buku harian was derived from dagbock, and nama keluarga was translated family naam. While in the present time English has replaced the dutch for the Indonesian loanshift resource. The English words hardware, software, keyboard, have been borrowed into Indonesian to be perangkat keras, perangkat lunak and papan tombol.
In writing this thesis, the writer also reads and uses some books and journal related with this loanword topic. They are:
a. Sneddon (2003), an Indonesia language watch, in his book entitled The
Indonesian Language, discusses the progress of Indonesian and the
problems faced. He notes that there are excessive word-borrowing done
by particular class of Indonesian named themselves elite, such as
academician, government and businessman, in a great number.
b. Kridalaksana (1982) in his book entitled Fungsi Bahasa dan Sikap
Bahasa suggests that Indonesian should defend itself from the foreign
terms, specifically foreign terms which have corresponding items in
Indonesian.
c. Darjowidjodjo (1996) in his book entitled Bahasa Nasional Kita, tries to
describe the Indonesian history from the youth’s pledge 1928 till
15 nowadays. From 20 titles he provides, five of them discuss the language
contact between Indonesian and foreign languages.
d. Appel and Muysken(2006) in Language Contact and Bilingualism discuss
and figure out about the situation when more than one language is in
regular use in a community, How speakers handle these languages
simultaneously, and what influence this language contact has on the
languages involved. This book draws together this diverse research,
looking at examples from many different situations, to present the topic in
any easily accessible form. Language contact is looked at from four
distinct perspectives. The authors consider bilingual societies; bilingual
speakers; language use in the bilingual community.
e. Munsyi (2005) in Bahasa Menunjukkan Bangsa shows his dislike about
the attitude of Indonesian who tend not to keep the authenticity of their
own language, Indonesian. Like a disease, the western trend, the tendency
to use Indonesian mixed with foreign language, is contagious one to
another. It happens not only on students, but also on author, academician,
politician even government. In this book, he delivers some views which
should be done by good people of Indonesia, to keep Indonesian from
foreign language’s attack.
Besides those books, dictionaries are also used to get a valid data. The dictionaries consist of English Dictionary (Oxford Dictionary), Indonesian
Dictionary (Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia) and English – Indonesian Dictionary
(Google Translate). All the dictionaries used are online version, which can be accessed at http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/uk/; badanbahasa.kemdikbud.go.id/ kbbi/; and translate.google.com which enable the users to access them in any
16 circumstances, every time and everywhere, furthermore, the use of the online versions possibly the user to get the latest update of those dictionaries’ treasury.
17 CHAPTER III
METHOD OF THE STUDY
3.1 Research Design
The form of research done in this thesis is library research. It is applied by reading and studying some books concerned with the topic of the problem. As
Nawawi (1991 : 31) says:
“Penelitian Kepustakaan (Library Research), kegiatan penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menghimpun data dari berbagai literatur, baik di perpustakaan maupun di tempat-tempat lain. Literatur yang dipergunakan tidak terbatas hanya pada buku-buku, tetapi dapat juga berupa bahan-bahan dokumentasi, majalah-majalah, Koran-koran, dll.” (Library Research, this kind of research is executed by collecting data from various literatures, whether in library or other places. The kind of literatures is not only on book form but also documents, magazine, newspaper etc)
3.2 Data and Source Data
The source of data of this thesis is the record of Kick Andy Talk show aired on 03rd October 2014, which is downloaded from http://www.youtube.com. This eighty-two-minute video is divided into seven sessions, including narration, performance and the interview done by the host, Andy F Noya, with the guest star,
Abraham Samad. the data of the analysis is all Loanwords which are originate from
English. The base language used in this video is Indonesian while the loanwords will be analyzed are loanwords from English whether they have been incorporated by adjusting them into Indonesian, or still in their original version (Spontanious).
3.3 Data Collecting Method
Oetomo (in Suyanto, 1995 : 186) says “There are three methods of collecting data such as interview, observation, and analysis on written documents such as
18 quotation, notes, memorandum, publications, and official reports, diaries, and written answer to questioner and survey”.
Since the analysis in this thesis is made by analyzing the record of Kick
Andy Talk Show in which the record collected from Kick Andy talk show aired on 03
October 2014 is firstly transcribed into written text, so the data collecting method used in this thesis can be categorized as analysis on written document.
3.4 Data Analysis Method
In this thesis, Qualitative method is applied to analyze data. Qualitative method is applied by describing or explaining the data from Kick Andy Talk show aired on 03October 2014. Qualitative method means an analysis which uses some instruments for collecting the data. As Sutopo (2006 : 257) says:
“Dalam penelitian kuantitatif proses pengumpulan data dan
analisinya terpisah secara jelas, dan analisisnya dilakukan pada
tahap akhir pengumpulan data selesai. Tidak demikian halnya dalam
penelitian kualitatif yang proses analisisnya harus dilakukan sejak
awal bersamaan dengan proses pengumpulan data.”
(In quantitative research process of collecting data and its analysis are clearly separated, and the analysis performed at the final stage of collecting data is complete.
Not so in qualitative research, the analysis process should be carried out since the beginning along with the data collection process)
The followings are the steps done in analyzing the data:
1. Transcribing the conversation of the host and informant into written text.
2. Figuring out all kinds of loanwords from English to Indonesian by comparing
the definitions provided, both in English dictionary and Indonesian
dictionary.
19 3. Classifying those loanwords into necessary loanword and unnecessary
loanword based on the corresponding item availability reason in Indonesian.
4. Finding the corresponding item suggested by Indonesian Dictionary and
English-Indonesian Dictionary.
5. Calculating the percentage of unnecessary loanword and necessary loanword.
6. Making some conclusions based on the result of analysis.
Calculating the data by applying Bungin’s formula with the following formula:
N = X/Y x 100 %
Where:
X = the number of Necessary Loanword/ Unnecessary
loanword found in record
Y = the total number of all loanword found in record
N = Percentage of unnecessary loanword
20 CHAPTER IV
FINDING AND ANALYSIS
4.1 Data Description
In this chapter, there will be description and analysis about English loanwords which are uttered in Kick Andy talk show aired on 03 October 2014. All the data will be categorized according to Loanwords Classification proposed by
Haugen (1969). Haugen classified loanwords based on their necessity into necessary loanwords and unnecessary loanwords. Those loanwords will be categorized as necessary loanword if there is no exact corresponding item found to represent the terms in the speaker’s language. But it will be categorized as unnecessary loanword if the speaker does borrowing in spite of the availability of the corresponding item in the speaker’s language. In Kick Andy talk show, there are 161 occurances of loanwords most of which are used more than once along the programs. The collected data, can be seen in this following Table:
Table 4.1: Data Collection of Kick Andy Talk Show
Indonesian Adapted No English loanwords Version
1 Advocate Advokat 2 Accommodate Akomodir 3 Active Aktif 4 Activist Aktivis 5 Actor Aktor 6 Analysis Analisis 7 Anti Anti 8 Apathety Apatis 9 Asset Aset 10 Audit Audit
21 11 Bank Bank 12 Basis Basis 13 Bureaucrat Birokrat 14 Business Bisnis 15 Browsing Browsing 16 Check Cek 17 Data Data 18 Directorate Direktorat 19 Discipline Disiplin 20 Discussion Diskusi 21 Disorientation Disorientasi 22 Doctor Doktor 23 Drama Drama 24 Effect Efek 25 Executive Eksekutip 26 Episode Episode 27 Era Era 28 Ethics Etik 29 Ethical Etis 30 Fact Fakta 31 Faculty Fakultas 32 Facility Fasilitas 33 Filter Filter 34 Financial Finansiil 35 Formal Formil 36 Function Fungsi 37 Generation Generasi 38 Globalization Globalisasi 39 Gratification Gratifikasi 40 Group Grup 41 Governor Gubernur 42 Hedonism Hedonis
22 43 Honorarium Honor 44 Hotel Hotel 45 Idol Idola 46 Impossible Impossible 47 Immunity Imunitas 48 Immune Imun 49 Individual Individu 50 Information Informasi 51 Institution Institusi 52 Integrity Integritas 53 Internal Internal 54 Intervention Intervensi 55 General Jenderal 56 Justice Justice 57 Characteristic Karakter 58 Caricature Karikatur 59 Case Kasus 60 Category Kategori 61 Coalition Koalisi 62 Cowboy Koboi 63 Code Kode 64 Comment Komentar 65 commissioner Komisioner 66 Commitment Komitmen 67 Communication Komunikasi 68 Concern Konsen 69 Constitution Konstitusi 70 Context Konteks 71 Contribution Kontribusi 72 Control Kontrol 73 Conventional Konvensional 74 Coordinator Koordinator
23 75 Corruption Korupsi 76 Corruptor Koruptor 77 Credible Kredibel 78 Criminal Kriminal 79 Criticism Kritik 80 Curriculum Kurikulum 81 Legislative Legislatif 82 Level Level 83 Liquidation Liquiditas 84 Mafia Mafia 85 Maximal Maksimal 86 Massive Masif 87 Mass Massa 88 Materialistic Materialistik 89 Mechanism Mekanisme 90 Media Media 91 Method Metode 92 Minimal Minimal 93 Model Model 94 Momentum Momentum 95 Moral Moral 96 Morality Moralitas 97 November Nopember 98 Operator Operator 99 Organization Organisasi 100 Orientation Orientasi 101 Orthodox Ortodoks 102 Autonomy Otonomi 103 Paradigm Paradigma 104 Period Periode 105 Permissive Permisif 106 Pessimistic Pesimistik
24 107 Plus Plus 108 Police Polisi 109 Politics Politik 110 Potency Potensi 111 Prediction Prediksi 112 Preference Preferensi 113 Premature Prematur 114 President Presiden 115 Profession Profesi 116 Progressive Progresif 117 Process Proses 118 Province Provinsi 119 Prudent Prudent 120 psychological Psikologis 121 Realization Realisasi 122 Reformation Reformasi 123 Recruitment Rekrutmen 124 Relative Relatif 125 Remission Remisi 126 Repressive Represif 127 Republic Republik 128 Risk Resiko 129 Resistance Resistensi 130 Revision Revisi 131 Recheck Ricek 132 Royal Royal 133 Rumor Rumor 134 Sexy Seksi 135 Sector Sektor 136 Selection Seleksi 137 Serious Serius 138 Significant Signifikan
25 139 Signal Sinyal 140 System Sistem 141 Systematic Sistematis 142 Skeptic Skeptis 143 Solid Solid 144 Souvenir Suvenir 145 Speculation Spekulasi 146 Statement Statemen 147 Status Status 148 Structure Struktur 149 Substance Substansi 150 Success Sukses 151 Target Target 152 Television Televisi 153 Tempo Tempo 154 Ticket Tiket 155 Topic Topik 156 Transformation Transformasi 157 University Universitas 158 Untouchable Untouchable 159 Virus Virus 160 Vocal Vokal 161 Vulgar Vulgar
4.2 Classified and Analysed Data
In determining the category of each loanwords found, there are some steps of analysis done as has been mentioned in chapter III. These steps include dictionary consideration. There are three dictionaries used in this analysis, namely English dictionary, Indonesian Dictionary, and English- Indonesian Dictionary. In order to get the most practically trusted result, the writer prefers to use the online version of
26 them, Oxford Dictionary which can be accesed at http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/ Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia Daring( the
KBBI daring) which can be accesed at http://badanbahasa.kemdikbud.go.id/kbbi/, and Google Translate which can be accesed at https://translate.google.com/.
Based on the availability of the corresponding item, those loanwords, uttered in Kick Andy talk show aired on 03rd October 2014, are categorized into:
4.2.1 Necessary Loanwords
Those which are categorized as necessary loanwords are:
Table 4.2: Necessary Loanwords
Indonesian Adapted Data No No English Loanwords version
1 4 Activist Aktivis 2 5 Actor Aktor 3 7 Anti Anti 4 10 Audit Audit 5 11 Bank Bank 6 13 Bureaucrat Birokrat 7 17 Data Data 8 22 Doctor Doktor 9 31 Faculty Fakultas 10 34 Financial Finansiil 11 38 Globalization Globalisasi 12 39 Gratification Gratifikasi 13 42 Hedonism Hedonis 14 44 Hotel Hotel 15 55 General Jenderal 16 58 Caricature Karikatur
27 17 62 Cowboy Koboi 18 65 commissioner Komisioner 19 74 Coordinator Koordinator 20 75 Corruption Korupsi 21 76 Corruptor Koruptor 22 81 Legislative Legislatif 23 84 Mafia Mafia 24 88 Materialistic Materialistik 25 89 Mechanism Mekanisme 26 97 November Nopember 27 105 Permissive Permisif 28 106 Pessimistic Pesimistik 29 108 Police Polisi 30 109 Politics Politik 31 114 President Presiden 32 118 Province Provinsi 33 127 Republic Republik 34 152 Television Televisi 35 157 University Universitas 36 160 Vocal Vokal
1. ‘Aktivis’ (Activist)
According to Oxford Dictionary, the term of ‘activist’ is: “a person who campaigns to bring about political or social change; campaigning to bring about political or social change.” While the KBBI defines ‘aktivis’ as: “orang (terutama anggota organisasi politik, sosial, buruh, petani, pemuda, mahasiswa, wanita) yg bekerja aktif mendorong pelaksanaan sesuatu atau berbagai kegiatan dl organisasinya; pol seseorang yg menggerakkan (demonstrasi dsb)”. There is no corresponding item of
28 this term in Indonesian enlisted neither in the KBBI nor Google Translate. That’s why it is categorized as necessary loanword.
2. ‘Aktor’ (Actor)
According to Oxford Dictionary, the term of ‘actor’ is defined as: “a person whose profession is acting on the stage, in movies, or on television; a person who behaves in a way that is not genuine; a participant in an action or process.” The term of
‘actor’ comes as the doer of verb act. The doers are distinguished based on their gender. Male doer will be called actor while female doer will be called actress.
Unfortunately, there is no exact corresponding item provided in Indonesian for this term as the KBBI only provides definition, descriptive definition, without any synonym/ corresponding item. The term of ‘aktor' is defined as “pria yg berperan sbg pelaku dl pementasan cerita, drama, dsb di panggung, radio, televisi, atau film; orang yg berperan dl suatu kejadian penting.” Although the terms ‘pelaku’ and
‘pemain sandiwara’ are close with the concept, they are more general than the ‘actor term’. That’s why the ‘aktor’ term should be categorized as necessary loanword.
3. ‘Anti’
In English, there are two kinds usage of ‘anti’ as morpheme, free and bounded morpheme, before the 19th century, English just know ‘anti’ with break line, in which it is used with other noun, but nowadays both bounded and unbounded have been widely used according to their needs. However, in Indonesian, most of the use of anti is bounded, it is combined with other terms to form new terms. According to the
Oxford, the definition of ‘anti’ are “opposed to; against: opposed; a person opposed to a particular policy, activity, or idea.” While the KBBI defines ‘anti’ as: “bentuk terikat melawan, menentang, memusuhi; tidak setuju; tidak suka; tidak senang.”
Although the term ‘anti’ seems to have corresponding item, but they are differently
29 used, and can’t substitute one to another. This must be a reason why this term is categorized as necessary loanword.
4. ‘Audit’
The term of ‘audit’ is an administrative term which is defined by Oxford Dictionary as: “an official inspection of an organization’s accounts, typically by an independent body; a systematic review or assessment of something; conduct an official financial inspection of (a company or its accounts); conduct a systematic review of.” The term
‘audit’ according to the KBBI means: “pemeriksaan pembukuan tt keuangan
(perusahaan, bank, dsb) secara berkala; pengujian efektivitas keluar masuknya uang dan penilaian kewajaran laporan yg dihasilkannya.” In a glance, ‘audit’ seems similar to ‘pemeriksaan’. However, after passing through further analysis, it is found that ‘pemeriksaan’ can have anything as object, but ‘audit’ specifically check account and finance. So both of these terms can’t be generalized, otherwise it will change the meaning.
5. ‘Bank’
Oxford Dictionary provides two main definitions of ‘bank’, but because this term is related with finance and administrative, the definition will be correlated to the second definition. The term of ‘Bank’ is defined as:
“a financial establishment that uses money deposited by customers for investment, pays it out when required, makes loans at interest, and exchanges currency; a stock of something available for use when required; a site or receptacle where something may be deposited for recycling; the store of money or tokens held by the banker in some gambling or board games.” While in Indonesian, there is only one definition of bank, the KBBI describes the definition as: “badan usaha di bidang keuangan yg menarik dan mengeluarkan uang dl masyakarat, terutama memberikan kredit dan jasa dl lalu lintas pembayaran dan
30 peredaran uang.” There is no corresponding item of ‘bank’ found in Indonesian, that’s why it is categorized as necessary loanword.
6. ‘Birokrat’ (Bureaucrat)
The term of ‘bureaucrat’ is an English term which is borrowed from French in middle of 19th century. It is defined by Oxford Dictionary as “an official in a government department, in particular one perceived as being concerned with procedural correctness at the expense of people’s needs.” It is then re-borrowed by
Indonesian becomes ‘birokrat’ which is defined as “pegawai yg bertindak secara birokratis; seorang yang menjadi bagian dari birokrasi”. Since there is no corresponding item found, neither in the KBBI nor in Google Translate, it is categoeized as necessary loanword.
7. ‘Data’
The term of ‘data’ has been adapted from Latin since the middle of 17th century. It is defined by Oxford Dictionary as:
“Facts and statistics collected together for reference or analysis; the quantities, characters, or symbols on which operations are performed by a computer, which may be stored and transmitted in the form of electrical signals and recorded on magnetic, optical, or mechanical recording media; things known or assumed as facts, making the basis of reasoning or calculation.” The KBBI provides similar definition of this term, as it is defined as “keterangan yg benar dan nyata: keterangan atau bahan nyata yg dapat dijadikan dasar kajian
(analisis atau kesimpula.n)” in Indonesian, it is found that ‘data’ and ‘info’ are the same, they are corresponding item. Unfortunately neither of them is Indonesian’s term. They are loanwords, necessary loanwords.
8. ‘Doktor’ (Doctor)
The term of ‘Doctor’ is the degree given to certain scholar who has been graduated from the highest level of university. ‘Doctor’ with capitalization at the initial letter, is
31 defined by the Oxford as “a person who holds the highest university degree.”
Because this term is related to educational concept, it is difficult to find the corresponding item of doctor in Indonesian. The KBBI defines ‘Doktor’ as “gelar kesarjanaan tertinggi yg diberikan oleh perguruan tinggi kpd seorang sarjana yg telah menulis dan mempertahankan disertasinya”. The word ‘sarjana’ even can’t represent the essence of this term. That’s why it is categorized as necessary loanword.
9. ‘Fakultas’ (faculty)
The term of ‘faculty’ is also necessary loanword as it has no corresponding item in
Indonesia. As has been widely known, terms related to the concept of education, government, administration, finance, politic and technology is a new concept in
Indonesian, and it is difficult to find the corresponding item of the term in
Indonesian. Faculty is defined by Oxford Dictionary as:
“a group of university departments concerned with a major division of knowledge; the teaching or research staff of a group of university departments, or (north american ) of a university or college, viewed as a body: he members of a particular profession, especially medicine, considered collectively.” However, the KBBI defines this term narrower than its original version. The KBBI defines ‘fakultas’ as “bagian perguruan tinggi tempat mempelajari suatu bidang ilmu yg terdiri atas beberapa jurusan.”
10. ‘Finansial’ (Financial)
According to Oxford Dictionary, ‘financial’ can be defined as “Relating to finance;
The finances or financial situation of an organization or individual; Shares in financial companies.” While the KBBI, defines ‘finansial’, the adapted version, as
“mengenai (urusan) keuangan.” There is no corresponding item found in Indonesia
32 for this loanword. Neither in KBBI nor in Google Translate. That’s why it is categorized as necessary loanword.
11. ‘Globalisasi’ (Globalization)
This term is categorized as necessary loanword, not only it is because of the unavailability of the corresponding item in Indonesian dictionary, the KBBI, but also it is because of the unavailability of its definition in the list. It is quite nonplused, as it has been widely used in community, formal and informal. Oxford Dictionary defines this term as “the process by which businesses or other organizations develop international influence or start operating on an international scale”
12. ‘Gratifikasi’ (‘Gratification’)
According to Oxford Dictionary, ‘gratification’ can be defined as “the state of feeling pleasure when something goes well for you or when your desires are satisfied; something that gives you pleasure synonym satisfaction.” While the KBBI, defines
‘gratifikasi’ as “uang hadiah kpd pegawai di luar gaji yg telah ditentukan.” Because there is no corresponding items found, either in the KBBI or in Google Translate, which is able to represent the meaning of the loanword. It is then categorized as necessary loanword.
13. ‘Hedonisme’ (Hedonism)
The term of ‘hedonism’, which is borrowed from Greek, and adapted as English in mid 19th century, is defined as “the pursuit of pleasure; sensual self-indulgence; the ethical theory that pleasure (in the sense of the satisfaction of desires) is the highest good and proper aim of human life.” It is later re-adapted into Indonesian becomes
‘hedonisme’ which is defined as “pandangan yg menganggap kesenangan dan kenikmatan materi sbg tujuan utama dl hidup.” As it has no any corresponding items, it is categorized as necessary loanword.
33 14. ‘Hotel’
The term of ‘hotel’ originates from French borrowed in mid 18th century, it is defined by Oxford Dictionary as “an establishment providing accommodation, meals, and other services for travellers and tourists” while the KBBI, provides definition of hotel as:
“Bangunan berkamar banyak yg disewakan sbg tempat untuk menginap dan tempat makan orang yg sedang dl perjalanan; bentuk akomodasi yg dikelola secara komersial, disediakan bagi setiap orang untuk memperoleh pelayanan, penginapan, makan dan minum.” Actually, ‘hotel’ term is quite similar with ‘penginapan’. However, the difference is that ‘hotel’ is much classier and more modern than ‘penginapan’ they can’t be labeled as corresponding item. That’s why ‘hotel’ should be categorized as necessary loanword.
15. ‘Jenderal’ (General)
The term of ‘general’ which derived from French, is defined by the Oxford as
”A commander of an army, or an army officer of very high rank; a high rank of officer in the army and in the us air force, above lieutenant general and below field marshal, general of the army, or general of the air force; the head of a religious order organized on quasi-military lines.” Indonesian borrows this term by adapting it becomes ‘jenderal’ which is defined by the KBBI as:
“kelompok pangkat perwira tinggi dl angkatan darat yg meliputi jenderal besar tni, jenderal tni, letnan jenderal tni, mayor jenderal tni, dan brigadir jenderal tni; kelompok pangkat perwira tinggi dl kepolisian yg meliputi jenderal polisi, komisaris jenderal polisi, inspektur jenderal polisi, dan brigadir jenderal polisi; orang yg paling berpengaruh (menentukan dsb) dl organisasi” As has been described, there is no synonym found in the KBBI nor Google Translate for this loanword. That’s why this loanword is categorized as necessary loanword.
34 16. ‘Karikatur’ (Caricature)
The Oxford defines ‘caricature' which is originally Italian loanword as “a picture, description, or imitation of a person in which certain striking characteristics are exaggerated in order to create a comic or grotesque effect.” While Indonesian dictionary, the KBBI, defines it as “gambar olok-olok yg mengandung pesan, sindirin.” There is no exact corresponding item which is able to represents the idea of this term, that’s why it is categorized as necessary loanword.
17. ‘Koboi’ (Cowboy)
The term of ‘cowboy’ is the name for the cow keeper in the United States of America who performs most of his activity on the horseback. As it only exist in America, it has no corresponding item in Indonesian. That’s why it is categorized as necessary loanword.
18. ‘Komisioner’ (Commissioner)
The term of ‘commissioner’ was adapted from Medieval Latin, ‘commissionarius’, in late Middle English period. According to Oxford Dictionary, ‘Commissioner’ is defined as “a member of a commission (= an official group of people who are responsible for controlling something or finding out about something); the head of a government department in some countries; the head of a particular police.” While the
KBBI defines ‘komisioner’, the adapted version as “orang yg bertugas melaksanakan penjualan barang dagangan milik pemerintah atau orang lain dng menerima imbalan dr keuntungan.” However, because there is no corresponding item found in Indonesian for this loanword, it is then categorized as necessary loanwords.
35 19. ‘Koordinator’ (Coordinator)
The term of ‘coordinator’ according to the Oxford is “a person whose job is to organize events or activities and to negotiate with others in order to ensure they work together effectively” while the KBBI defines it as “orang yg melakukan koordinasi; yg mengoordinasi” it has no any corresponding item. That’s why it is categorized as necessary loanword.
20. ‘Korupsi (Corruption)
The term of ‘corruption’ derived from Latin, borrowed via French and has been existed in English since the Middle English. The term of ‘corruption’ is defined as
“dishonest or fraudulent conduct by those in power, typically involving bribery; the action or effect of making someone or something morally depraved.” However, in
Indonesian, the use of ‘corruption’ specifically addressed to dishonesty related to money. KBBI defines ‘korupsi’ as “penyelewengan atau penyalahgunaan uang negara (perusahaan dsb) untuk keuntungan pribadi atau orang lain.” There is no representing terms for this loanword. Even ‘penyelewengan’ can’t represent the meaning because it is too general, while ‘suap’ also can’t represent as it is too specific. It is the kind of ‘corruption’. That’s why it is categorized as necessary loanword.
21. ‘Koruptor’ (Corruptor)
The term of ‘corruptor’ is the name for the man who does corruption. There is no corresponding item found in Indonesian, neither in the KBBI nor in Google
Translate, for this loanword, that it is also categorized as necessary loanword.
22. ‘Legislatif’ (Legislative)
The term of ‘legislative’ according to Oxford Dictionary is “having the power to make laws.” While according to the KBBI, ‘legislatif’ means “berwenang membuat
36 undang-undang”. There are some arguments that this word is not directly borrowed from English but Dutch. But after rechecking the Dutch dictionary, ‘legislative’ doesn’t exist in the list. So it must be borrowed from English. Necessary loanwords will be labeled for this loanword.
23. Mafia
Both the Oxford and the KBBI define this terms similarly, the Oxford defines it as
“an organized international body of criminals, operating originally in Sicily and now especially in Italy and the US and having a complex and ruthless behavioural code” while the KBBI defines it as “perkumpulan rahasia yg bergerak di bidang kejahatan
(kriminal)” this term come from Italian, adapted into English. As there is no corresponding item found for this term, it is categorized as necessary loanword.
24. ‘Materialistis’ (Materialistic)
The term of ‘materialistic’ term is defined by the Oxford as “excessively concerned with material possessions; money-oriented”, while in Indonesian, ‘materialistis’ is defined as “bersifat kebendaan; mengenai benda”. There is no concrete meaning/ definition of this term in Indonesian. There is no corresponding item either. So it is necessary loanword.
25. ‘Mekanisme’ (Mechanism)
The term of ‘mechanism’ is the loanword version of Greek via modern Latin which is defined by the Oxford as:
“a system of parts working together in a machine; a piece of machinery; a natural or established process by which something takes place or is brought about; the doctrine that all natural phenomena, including life and thought, can be explained with reference to mechanical or chemical processes.” The term is re-borrowed by Indonesian becomes ‘mekanisme’ which is defined as
“penggunaan mesin; alat-alat dr mesin; hal kerja mesin; cara kerja suatu organisasi
37 (perkumpulan dsb); hal saling bekerja spt mesin (kalau yg satu bergerak, yg lain turut bergerak).” It is labeled as necessary loanword, as there is no corresponding item found for this term.
26. ‘November’
The term of ‘November’ is defined by the Oxford as “the eleventh month of the year, in the northern hemisphere usually considered the last month of autumn” while the
KBBI, defines ‘November’ as “nama bulan ke-11 dl tahun masehi (30 hari).” As there is no corresponding item found in Indonesia it is categorized as necessary loanword. However, there is assumption that ‘November’ may no borrowed from
Dutch. Moreover, they have the same way of writing. There is no exact explanation about this, but, English has done borrowing from Latin for this term since the old
English Version, so there is possibility that, Dutch did borrowing from English as well.
27. ‘Permisif’ (permissive)
The term of ‘permissive’ is word belongs to adjective which originates from ‘permit’ verb, the Oxford defines it as “allowing or characterized by great or excessive freedom of behaviour”, it is then adapted into Indonesian item, ‘permisif’, which is defined by the KBBI as “bersifat terbuka (serba membolehkan; suka mengizinkan).”
There is no corresponding item found in Indonesian for this loanword. That’s why it is categorized as necessary loanword.
28. ‘Pesimistis’ (Pessimistics)
The term of ‘pessimistic’ according to Oxford Dictionary can be defined as “Tending to see the worst aspect of things or believe that the worst will happen.” While according to the KBBI, ‘pesimistis’, the adapted version, can be defined as “bersikap atau berpandangan tidak mempunyai harapan baik atau mudah putus harapan;
38 bersikap tidak mengandung harapan baik; (sikap) ragu akan kemampuan atau keberhasilan suatu usaha.” There is no corresponding item found either in the KBBI or Google Translate, that it is then categorized as necessary loanword.
29. ‘Polisi’ (Police)
The term of ‘police’ was adapted from Latin via French in 15th century, it is defined as by Oxford Dictionary as “the civil force of a state, responsible for the prevention and detection of crime and the maintenance of public order”. While the KBBI, defines ‘Polisi’ as “badan pemerintah yg bertugas memelihara keamanan dan ketertiban umum (menangkap orang yg melanggar undang-undang dsb); anggota badan pemerintah (pegawai negara yg bertugas menjaga keamanan dsb)”. There is no corresponding item found in Indonesian for this kind of institution which has duty to enforce the law. That’s why it is categorized as necessary loanword.
30. ‘Politik’ (Politics)
Similar with the term of ‘polisi’, the term of ‘politik’ is a loanword which is adapted from ‘politics’. It is defined by Oxford Dictionary as “the activities associated with the governance of a country or area, especially the debate between parties having power; the activities of governments concerning the political relations between states; the academic study of government and the state.” While the KBBI, defines
“politik” as:
“mengenai ketatanegaraan atau kenegaraan (spt tt sistem pemerintahan, dasar pemerintahan): bersekolah di akademi --; urusan dan tindakan (kebijakan, siasat, dsb) mengenai pemerintahan negara atau thd negara lain: -- dl dan luar negeri; kedua negara itu bekerja sama dl bidang -- , ekonomi, dan kebudayaan; partai --; organisasi --; cara bertindak (dl menghadapi atau menangani suatu masalah); kebijaksanaan: -- dagang; -- bahasa nasional.”
39 Since there is no corresponding item found for this term, it is then categorized as necessary loanword.
31. ‘Presiden’ (President)
The term of ‘presiden’ is loanword which originates from ‘president’ which is also adapted from Latin via old French, ‘praesident’. It is defined by the Oxford as, “the elected head of a republican state; the head of a society, council, or other organization” while the KBBI, defines ‘presiden’ as “kepala (lembaga, perusahaan, dsb): serah terima jabatan -- direktur bank a akan dilakukan hari ini; kepala negara
(bagi negara yg berbentuk republik): pemilihan -- amerika serikat dilakukan empat tahun sekali.”. the ‘presiden’ term, as well as other governmental terms, has no corresponding item which is able to represent the idea of the term itself, that’s why it is categorized as necessary loanword.
32. ‘Provinsi’ (Province)
The term of ‘provinsi’ is adapted from English, ‘province’. It is not originally
English item, as it is adapted from Latin via old French. It is defined by Oxford
Dictionary as “a principal administrative division of a country or empire; the whole of a country outside the capital, especially when regarded as lacking in sophistication or culture” while the KBBI, defines ‘provinsi’ as “wilayah atau daerah yg dikepalai oleh gubernur.” There is no corresponding item found in Indonesia, that’s why it should be categorized as necessary loanword.
33. ‘Republik’ (Republic)
The term of ‘republic’ was originally adapted from Latin via French, respublica, in late 16th century, which means concern to the people/ public’s needs. The Oxford defines ‘republic’ as “a state in which supreme power is held by the people and their elected representatives, and which has an elected or nominated president rather than
40 a monarch.” It is then readapted by Indonesian, which is defined as “bentuk pemerintahan yg berkedaulatan rakyat dan dikepalai oleh seorang presiden.” As there is no corresponding item found in Indonesian, neither in KBBI’s lists nor in
Google Translate’s list, this term is categorized as necessary loanword.
34. Televisi (television)
Etymologically, ‘television’ comes from tele- (at a distance) and vision. This term keeps being popular in the beginning of 20th century. Oxford Dictionary, defines this term as “a system for converting visual images (with sound) into electrical signals, transmitting them by radio or other means, and displaying them electronically on a screen”. In accordance to the invasion of this technology into Asian, especially
Indonesian, it is then adopted with adjustment in the end of the term, ‘televisi’. The
KBBI defines ‘televisi’ as:
“sistem penyiaran gambar yg disertai dng bunyi (suara) melalui kabel atau melalui angkasa dng menggunakan alat yg mengubah cahaya (gambar) dan bunyi (suara) menjadi gelombang listrik dan mengubahnya kembali menjadi berkas cahaya yg dapat dilihat dan bunyi yg dapat didengar; pesawat penerima gambar siaran televisi.” There is no corresponding item found in Indonesian, neither in KBBI nor in Google
Translate, that it is classified into necessary loanword.
35. ‘Universitas’ (university)
The term of ‘university’ was adapted by English in Middle English period from
Latin, universitas, via French, universite. It is defined by Oxford as “a high-level educational institution in which students study for degrees and academic research is done.” While the KBBI, defines this term, which has been re-adapted becomes
‘universitas’, as “perguruan tinggi yg terdiri atas sejumlah fakultas yg menyelenggarakan pendidikan ilmiah dan/atau profesional dl sejumlah disiplin ilmu
41 tertentu.” As there is no corresponding item found in Indonesian, it is then categorized as necessary loanword.
36. ‘Vokal’ (Vocal)
The term of ‘vocal’ is defined by oxford as “Expressing opinions or feelings freely or loudly” while the KBBI defines it, which has been adapted becomes ‘Vokal’, as
“mengenai suara; bunyi bahasa yg dihasilkan oleh arus udara dr paru-paru melalui pita suara dan penyempitan pd saluran suara di atas glotis; satuan fonologis yg diwujudkan dl lafal tanpa pergeseran, spt [a, i, u, e, o]; berani mengemukakan pendapat; berani bersuara (mengkritik dsb)” as there is no corresponding item found in Indonesian, it is then categorized as necessary loanword.
4.2.2 Unnecessary Loanwords
Those which are categorized as Unnecessary Loanwords are:
Table 4.3: Unnecessary Loanwords
Data No. No Indonesian Adapted English loanwords Version 1 1 Advocate Advokat 2 2 Accommodate Akomodir 3 3 Active Aktif 4 6 Analysis Analisis 5 8 Apathety Apatis 6 9 Asset Aset 7 12 Basis Basis 8 14 Business Bisnis 9 15 Browsing Browsing 10 16 Check Cek 11 18 Directorate Direktorat 12 19 Discipline Disiplin
42 13 20 Discussion Diskusi 14 21 Disorientation Disorientasi 15 23 Drama Drama 16 24 Effect Efek 17 25 Executive Eksekutip 18 26 Episode Episode 19 27 Era Era 20 28 Ethics Etik 21 29 Ethical Etis 22 30 Fact Fakta 23 32 Facility Fasilitas 24 33 Filter Filter 25 35 Formal Formil 26 36 Function Fungsi 27 37 Generation Generasi 28 40 Group Grup 29 41 Governor Gubernur 30 43 Honorarium Honor 31 45 Idol Idola 32 46 Impossible Impossible 33 47 Immunity Imunitas 34 48 Immune Imun 35 49 Individual Individu 36 50 Information Informasi 37 51 Institution Institusi 38 52 Integrity Integritas 39 53 Internal Internal 40 54 Intervention Intervensi 41 56 Justice Justice 42 57 Characteristic Karakter 43 59 Case Kasus 44 60 Category Kategori
43 45 61 Coalition Koalisi 46 63 Code Kode 47 64 Comment Komentar 48 66 Commitment Komitmen 49 67 Communication Komunikasi 50 68 Concern Konsen 51 69 Constitution Konstitusi 52 70 Context Konteks 53 71 Contribution Kontribusi 54 72 Control Kontrol 55 73 Conventional Konvensional 56 77 Credible Kredibel 57 78 Criminal Kriminal 58 79 Criticism Kritik 59 80 Curriculum Kurikulum 60 82 Level Level 61 83 Liquidation Liquiditas 62 85 Maximal Maksimal 63 86 Massive Masif 64 87 Mass Massa 65 90 Media Media 66 91 Method Metode 67 92 Minimal Minimal 68 93 Model Model 69 94 Momentum Momentum 70 95 Moral Moral 71 96 Morality Moralitas 72 98 Operator Operator 73 99 Organization Organisasi 74 100 Orientation Orientasi 75 101 Orthodox Ortodoks 76 102 Autonomy Otonomi
44 77 103 Paradigm Paradigma 78 104 Period Periode 79 107 Plus Plus 80 110 Potency Potensi 81 111 Prediction Prediksi 82 112 Preference Preferensi 83 113 Premature Prematur 84 115 Profession Profesi 85 116 Progressive Progresif 86 117 Process Proses 87 119 Prudent Prudent 88 120 psychological Psikologis 89 121 Realization Realisasi 90 122 Reformation Reformasi 91 123 Recruitment Rekrutmen 92 124 Relative Relatif 93 125 Remission Remisi 94 126 Repressive Represif 95 128 Risk Resiko 96 129 Resistance Resistensi 97 130 Revision Revisi 98 131 Recheck Ricek 99 132 Royal Royal 100 133 Rumor Rumor 101 134 Sexy Seksi 102 135 Sector Sektor 103 136 Selection Seleksi 104 137 Serious Serius 105 138 Significant Signifikan 106 139 Signal Sinyal 107 140 System Sistem 108 141 Systematic Sistematis
45 109 142 Skeptic Skeptis 110 143 Solid Solid 111 144 Souvenir Suvenir 112 145 Speculation Spekulasi 113 146 Statement Statemen 114 147 Status Status 115 148 Structure Struktur 116 149 Substance Substansi 117 150 Success Sukses 118 151 Target Target 119 153 Tempo Tempo 120 154 Ticket Tiket 121 155 Topic Topik 122 156 Transformation Transformasi 123 158 Untouchable Untouchable 124 159 Virus Virus 125 161 Vulgar Vulgar
1. ‘Advokat’ (Advocate)
The term of ‘advocate’ term is adopted from Latin, ‘advocates’, in middle English period which means 'call (to one's aid)'. Oxford Dictionary defines ‘advocate’ as “A person who publicly supports or recommends a particular cause or policy; A person who puts a case on someone else’s behalf; A professional pleader in a court of justice.” This term is re-adapted by Indonesian, ‘Advokat’. The KBBI defines this term as “ahli hukum yg berwenang sbg penasihat atau pembela perkara dl pengadilan; pengacara.” This term is categorized as unnecessary loanword as it has corresponding items in Indonesian, as provided by Google Translate, which are able to represent the idea of the term itself. Such as: ‘pengacara’; ‘penyokong’; or
46 ‘penganjur’. From these three corresponding item, ‘pengacara’ has the closest meaning to ‘advokat’.
2. ‘Akomodir’ (Accommodate)
English adopted ‘accommodate’ from Latin, ‘accommodate’, as its own language in the 16th century. The Oxford defines ‘accommodate’ as “(Of a building or other area) provide lodging or sufficient space for; Fit in with the wishes or needs of; Adapt to”.
It is then adapted by Indonesia becomes ‘akomodir’ which is defined by the KBBI as
“menyediakan sesuatu untuk memenuhi kebutuhan.” Instead of borrowing this term,
Google Translate provides some corresponding items that can be used to substitute it.
Such as: ‘memuat’; ‘menampung’; ‘menyesuaikan’. That’s why this loanword is categorized as unnecessary loanword.
3. ‘Aktif’ (Active)
According to Oxford dictionary, ‘active’ is “Engaging or ready to engage in physically energetic pursuits; Participating or engaged in a particular sphere or activity; In operation; working.” It is adapted by Indonesian as ‘Aktif’, which is defined by the KBBI as “giat (bekerja, berusaha); lebih banyak penerimaan dp pengeluaran: dinamis tau bertenaga (sbg lawan statis atau lembam); mampu beraksi dan bereaksi; mempunyai kecenderungan menyebar atau berkembang biak (tt penyakit, sel, dsb).” Google Translate provides some items which is able to represent the idea of this term, namely: ‘gesit’; ‘giat’; and ‘bersemangat’. Because of the availability of the corresponding items, furthermore, they are able to represent the idea, so ‘Aktif’ is categorized as unnecessary loanword.
4. Analisis (Analysis)
The term of ‘analysis’ was adapted by English in 16th century via Latin, which originally comes from Greek, ‘analusis’. It is defined by Oxford Dictionary as
47 “Detailed examination of the elements or structure of something; The process of separating something into its constituent elements; The identification and measurement of the chemical constituents of a substance or specimen.” It is adapted into Indonesian becomes “Analisis” which is defined as:
“penyelidikan thd suatu peristiwa (karangan, perbuatan, dsb) untuk mengetahui keadaan yg sebenarnya (sebab-musabab, duduk perkaranya, dsb); penguraian suatu pokok atas berbagai bagiannya dan penelaahan bagian itu sendiri serta hubungan antarbagian untuk memperoleh pengertian yg tepat dan pemahaman arti keseluruhan; penyelidikan kimia dng menguraikan sesuatu untuk mengetahui zat bagiannya dsb; Penjabaran sesudah dikaji sebaik-baiknya; pemecahan persoalan yg dimulai dng dugaan akan kebenarannya.” Actually, there are some corresponding items found in Indonesian, as provided by
Google Translate, such as: ‘uraian’; ‘kupasan’; and ‘pemisahan’. That’s why it is categorized as unnecessary loanword.
5. ‘Apatis’ (Apathetic)
The term of ‘apathetic’ is defined as “Showing or feeling no interest, enthusiasm, or concern” by Oxford Dictionary. While the KBBI, defines the adapted term, ‘Apatis’, as “acuh tidak acuh; tidak peduli; masa bodoh” besides those corresponding item provided by the KBBI, Google Translate also provides ‘tidak acuh’; ‘lesu’ and
‘rengsa’ as its corresponding item. That’s why it is categorized as unnecessary loanword.
6. ‘Aset’ (Asset)
The term of ‘asset’ was adopted from Old French, ‘Asez’, in middle of 16th century.
‘Asset’ is defined by Oxford as “A useful or valuable thing or person; An item of property owned by a person or company, regarded as having value and available to meet debts, commitments, or legacies.” The KBBI defines its adapted version as
“sesuatu yg mempunyai nilai tukar; modal; kekayaan.” Besides, Google Translate
48 also provides ‘modal’; ‘kekayaan’; and ‘milik’ as its corresponding item. That’s why
‘aset’ which is adapted from ‘asset’ is categorized as unnecessary loanword.
7. ‘Basis’
The term of ‘basis’, is adopted from English by Indonesian without any adjustment.
‘Basis’ comes from ‘base’ which was originally adapted from Greek via Latin.
Oxford dictionary defines ‘Basis’ as “The underlying support or foundation for an idea, argument, or process; The system or principles according to which an activity or process is carried on; The justification for or reasoning behind something.” While the KBBI, provides wider definition of this term. the KBBI defines it as:
“asas; dasar; sisi yg berupa garis lurus yg terletak paling bawah (ttsegitiga atau bentuk lain dl bidang); sisi yg berupa bidang datar yg terletak paling bawah (tt alas kerucut atau bangun lainnya); (aljabar) himpunan vektor bebas linear yg merentang pd suatu ruang vektor; (angkatan laut, angkatan darat, dsb) untuk melakukan operasi; bilangan atau besaran yg dipakai sbg rujukan.” Both KBBI and Google translate provide corresponding item for this loanword, the items which are able to correspond the loanword are: ‘dasar’; ‘asas’; ‘permulaan’ and ‘pangkalan’. That’s why this loanword is absolutely categorized as unnecessary loanword.
8. ‘Bisnis’ (Business)
Oxford Dictionary defines ‘business’ as “A person’s regular occupation, profession, or trade; An activity that someone is engaged in; Commercial activity; Trade considered in terms of its volume or profitability.” It is then adapted into Indonesian as ‘bisnis’ which is defined by the KBBI as “usaha komersial dl dunia perdagangan; bidang usaha; usaha dagang”. While Google Translate, also provides some corresponding item, such as: ‘usaha’; ‘perusahaan’ and ‘urusan’. That’s why it is categorized as unnecessary loanword.
49 9. ‘Browsing’
The term of ‘browsing’ is present participle form of ‘Browse’ which is adapted by late Middle English from Old French, broster. It is defined by Oxford dictionary as
“Survey goods for sale in a leisurely and casual way; Scan through a text, website, or collection of data to gain an impression of the contents; An act of casual looking or reading. There is no any definition provide by the KBBI, as it has not adapted by
Indonesian yet. But Google Translate provides terms such as: ‘melihat’; ‘membaca’ and ‘menjelajah’ as its corresponding item. Because of the availability of the corresponding item, it is then categorized as unnecessary loanword.
10. ‘Cek’ (Check)
The term of ‘check’ is more popular in Middle English in accordance to the booming of Chess game. It is believed comes from Old French, eschec. ‘Check’ is defined by
Oxford dictionary as “Examine (something) in order to determine its accuracy, quality, or condition, or to detect the presence of something; Stop or slow the progress of (something, typically something undesirable).” ‘Check’ is adapted by
Indonesian becomes ‘cek’ which is defined by the KBBI as: “mencocokkan kembali benar tidaknya (tt perhitungan, daftar angka, berita, dsb); memeriksa.” Besides
‘memeriksa’, Google Translate also provides ‘mengawas’ as its corresponding item.
It is categorized as unnecessary loanword as it has corresponding item.
11. ‘Direktorat’ (Directorate)
The term of ‘directorate’ derives from ‘direct’ verb which is added by suffix –or and
–ate. Oxford Dictionary defines ‘directorate’ as “The board of directors of a company; A section of a government department in charge of a particular activity.”
The KBBI defines ‘direktorat’, the adapted version, as “bagian dr departemen yg tugasnya mengurus suatu bidang tertentu, dikepalai oleh seorang direktur.” The
50 KBBI provides no corresponding item, but Google Translate does. Google Translate provides “Dewan Pimpinan” as its corresponding item. That’s why it is categorized as unnecessary loanword.
12. ‘Disiplin’ (Discipline)
The term of ‘discipline’ is originally adapted from Latin via Old French, ‘disciplina’, which is defined by Oxford Dictionary as “Train (someone) to obey rules or a code of behaviour, using punishment to correct disobedience.” Discipline term is borrowed by Indonesian and adjusted become ‘disiplin” which is defined by the
KBBI as “tata tertib (di sekolah, kemiliteran, dsb); ketaatan (kepatuhan) kpd peraturan (tata tertib dsb); bidang studi yg memiliki objek, sistem, dan metode tertentu” besides those corresponding item, Google Translate provides ‘ketertiban’ and ‘mata Pelajaran’ as its corresponding item. Because it has corresponding item, it is categorized as unnecessary loanword.
13. ‘Diskusi’ (Discussion)
The term of ‘discussion’ is originally adapted by Middle English from Latin via Old
French, ‘discussio’. it is defined by Oxford Dictionary as “The action or process of talking about something in order to reach a decision or to exchange ideas; A conversation or debate about a specific topic.” The term is further adapted as
‘diskusi’ which is defined by the KBBI as “pertemuan ilmiah untuk bertukar pikiran mengenai suatu masalah.” Instead of providing corresponding item, the KBBI only provides definition. However, Google Translate does. It provides some corresponding item. Such as: ‘Pembicaraan’; ‘Perundingan’ and
‘permusyawaratan’. Because of these corresponding items’ availability, it is categorized as unnecessary loanword.
51 14. ‘Disorientasi’ (Disorientation)
The term of ‘disorientation’ is defined as “The condition of having lost one’s sense of direction; A state of mental confusion” by Oxford Dictionary. It is borrowed by
Indonesian and adjusted to be ‘disorientasi’ which is defined by the KBBI as
“kekacauan kiblat; kesamaran arah; kehilangan daya untuk mengenal lingkungan, terutama yg berkenaan dng waktu tempat dan orang.” So does Google Translate, it provides “kekacauan kiblat’ and ‘kesamaran arah’ as its corresponding item.
Because there are some corresponding items found, it is categorized as unnecessary loanword.
15. ‘Drama’
The term of ‘drama’ is adopted from Greek via late Latin, ‘drama’, which is then defined by Oxford Dictionary as “A play for theatre, radio, or television; An exciting, emotional, or unexpected event or circumstance.” It is readopted by
Indonesian, and defined by the KBBI as:
“komposisi syair atau prosa yg diharapkan dapat menggambarkan kehidupan dan watak melalui tingkah laku (akting) atau dialog yg dipentaskan; cerita atau kisah, terutama yg melibatkan konflik atau emosi, yg khusus disusun untuk pertunjukan teater; kejadian yg menyedihkan.” Google Translate presents items such as ‘sandiwara’; ‘kisah’ and ‘kejadian’ as its corresponding items. These corresponding items’ availability becomes the reason of categorizing it as unnecessary loanword.
16. ‘Efek’ (Effect)
The term of ‘effect’ is adapted from Old French, effectus, in late Middle English era, which is then defined by Oxford Dictionary as “A change which is a result or consequence of an action or other cause; The state of being or becoming operative.”
It is then adapted as ‘efek’ in Indonesian, which is defined by the KBBI as “akibat;
52 pengaruh; kesan yg timbul pd pikiran penonton, pendengar, pembaca, dsb (sesudah mendengar atau melihat sesuatu).” Besides ‘pengaruh’ and ‘dampak’, Google
Translate also provides ‘akibat’ as its corresponding item. Those corresponding item prove that this term is unnecessary loanword.
17. ‘Eksekutif’ (Executive)
The term of ‘executive’ has been adapted since late Middle English from Medieval
Latin, ‘executive’. It is defined by the Oxford as:
“Denoting or relating to the part of a political administration with responsibility for putting into effect laws drawn up by the legislature; A person with senior managerial responsibility in a business; An executive committee or other body within an organization; The branch of a government responsible for putting decisions or laws into effect.” While Indonesian version, ‘eksekutif’, is defined as “berkenaan dng pengurusan
(pengelolaan, pemerintahan) atau penyelenggaraan sesuatu; kekuasaan menjalankan undang-undang; pejabat tingkat tinggi yg bertanggung jawab kpd direktur utama atau pemimpin tertinggi dl perusahaan atau organisasi.” Even though this loanword is widely and commonly used in governmental administration,
Google Translate provides ‘pelaksana’ and ‘laksanawan’ as its corresponding item.
Because there are corresponding items provided, it is unnecessary loanword.
18. ‘Episode’
The term of ‘episode’ was originally adapted in Late 17th century (denoting a section between songs in Greek tragedy) from Greek, epeisodion, which is defined by
Oxford as “An event or a group of events occurring as part of a sequence; an incident or period considered in isolation; Each of the separate instalments into which a serialized story or radio or television programme is divided.” While the KBBI and the Google Translate, provide “riwayat atau peristiwa (yg seakan-akan berdiri
53 sendiri); seri cerita” as its definition and corresponding item as well. That’s why this loanword is categorized as unnecessary loanword.
19. ‘Era’
The term of ‘era’ is derived from Late Latin, ‘aera’, which is defined by Oxford dictionary as “A long and distinct period of history; A system of chronology dating from a particular event; A major division of time that is a subdivision of an aeon and is itself subdivided into periods; A date or event marking the beginning of a new and distinct period of time.” The KBBI defines it as “kurun waktu dl sejarah; sejumlah tahun dl jangka waktu antara beberapa peristiwa penting dl sejarah; masa.” The corresponding items mentioned are increased by Google Translate by presenting
‘masa’ and ‘zaman’. This loanword is categorized as unnecessary loanword.
20. ‘Etik’ (Ethics)
Oxford Dictionary defines ‘ethics’ as “Moral principles that govern a person’s behaviour or the conducting of an activity” while the KBBI, defines its loanwords form, ‘etik’, as “kumpulan asas atau nilai yg berkenaan dng akhlak; nilai mengenai benar dan salah yg dianut suatu golongan atau masyarakat”. While Google
Translate, provides ‘Tata susila’, and ‘Kesusilaan’ as its corresponding item.
Because of the availability of the corresponding item, it is then categorized as unnecessary loanword.
21. ‘Etis’ (Ethical)
According to Oxford Dictionary, ‘ethical’ is “Relating to moral principles or the branch of knowledge dealing with theseMorally good or correct”. Similarly, the
KBBI defines ‘etis’ as “berhubungan (sesuai) dng etika; sesuai dng asas perilaku yg disepakati secara umum.” Because Google Translate provides ‘pantas’, ‘layak’ and
54 ‘beradab’ as its corresponding items, this loanword is then categorized as unnecessary loanword.
22. ‘Fakta’ (fact)
The term of ‘fact’ was originally adapted from Latin, ‘Factum’, in late 16th century.
The term of ‘fact’ is defined as “A thing that is known or proved to be true;
Information used as evidence or as part of a report or news article” by Oxford dictionary. While the KBBI, defines ‘fakta’ the adaptation version, as “hal (keadaan, peristiwa) yg merupakan kenyataan; sesuatu yg benar-benar ada atau terjadi”. But because Goole Translate provides ‘kenyataan’, ‘kebenaran’ and ‘peristiwa’ as its corresponding items, it is then categorized as unnecessary loanword.
23. ‘Fasilitas’ (facility)
The term of ‘facility’ is adapted from Latin in early 16th century, facilitas, which is then defined by the Oxford as: “A place, amenity, or piece of equipment provided for a particular purpose; A special feature of a service or machine, which offers the opportunity to do or benefit from something; A natural ability to do or learn something well and easily.” The KBBI defines ‘fasilitas’, the adapted version, as
“sarana untuk melancarkan pelaksanaan fungsi; kemudahan.” Google Translate also provides corresponding item beside ‘kemudahan’, namely ‘kesempatan’ and
‘kecakapan’. Because of this availability, ‘fasilitas’ is categorized as unnecessary loanword.
24. ‘Filter’
According to Oxford Dictionary, ‘Filter’ is “A porous device for removing impurities or solid particles from a liquid or gas passed through it.” While according to KBBI,
Filter is “alat untuk menyaring; penyaring; penapis.” Beside ‘penapis’, Google
Translate also provides ‘Saringan’ and ‘penyaring’ as its corresponding items.
55 Because of the availability of the corresponding item, it is categorized as unnecessary loanword.
25. ‘Formal’
According to Oxford, ‘formal’ is “Done in accordance with convention or etiquette; suitable for or constituting an official or important occasion; Having a conventionally recognized form, structure, or set of rules.” While according to the KBBI, ‘formal’ is
“sesuai dng peraturan yg sah; menurut adat kebiasaan yg berlaku; resmi.” Beside
‘resmi’, Google Translate also provides ‘kaku’ as its corresponding item. Therefore
‘formal’ is unnecessary loanword.
26. ‘Fungsi’ (Function)
The term of ‘function’ is adapted by English in middle 16th Century which is then defined by Oxford as “An activity that is natural to or the purpose of a person or thing; Practical use or purpose in design.” According to KBBI, ‘fungsi’, the adapted version, is
“jabatan (pekerjaan) yg dilakukan: faal (kerja suatu bagian tubuh); besaran yg berhubungan, jika besaran yg satu berubah, besaran yg lain juga berubah; kegunaan suatu hal; peran sebuah unsur bahasa dl satuan sintaksis yg lebih luas (spt nomina berfungsi sbg subjek).”
Google Translate also provides the same corresponding item as the KBBI does.
Namely ‘kegunaan’, ‘peran’, ‘guna’ and ‘faal’. Therefore ‘fungsi’ is categorized as unnecessary loanword.
27. ‘Generasi’ (Generation)
The term of ‘generation’ was originally adapted from Latin, ‘generatio’, which is defined by Oxford Dictionary as “All of the people born and living at about the same time, regarded collectively; A set of members of a family regarded as a single step or stage in descent; A group of people of similar age involved in a particular activity.”
56 The KBBI defines ‘generasi’, the adapted version, as “sekalian orang yg kira-kira sama waktu hidupnya; angkatan; turunan; masa.” Beside ‘masa’, Google Translate also provides “angkatan’, ‘sundut’ and ‘bangkitan’ as its corresponding items.
Therefore it is categorized as unnecessary loanword.
28. ‘Grup’ (Group)
The term of ‘group’ is believed being adapted from Italian, ‘gruppo’, in the late 17th century and it is then defined by Oxford Dictionary as “A number of people or things that are located, gathered, or classed together; A commercial organization consisting of several companies under common ownership; A number of musicians who play popular music together.” Instead of defining, the KBBI provides corresponding item such as: ‘rombongan’, “golongan’ and ‘kelompok’. Google Translate also enriches the corresponding item by increasing ‘regu’. That’s why ‘grup’ is categorized as unnecessary loanword.
29. ‘Gubernur (Governor)
The term of ‘governor’ has existed in English words treasury since the Middle
English period. According to Oxford Dictionary, ‘governor’ is:
“a person who is the official head of a country or region that is governed by another country; a person who is chosen to be in charge of the government of a state in the US; a member of a group of people who are responsible for controlling an institution such as a school, a college or a hospital a person who is in charge of an institution.”
While KBBI, defines ‘Gubernur’, the adapted version, as “kepala pemerintah tingkat provinsi; kepala pemerintahan daerah tingkat I; kepala bank sentral atau bank internasional dsb; pemimpin lembaga pendidikan militer.” Google Translate provides ‘pemerintah’, ‘penguasa’ and ‘patih’ as its corresponding item. Hence
‘gubernur’ is categorized as unnecessary loanword.
57 30. ‘Honor’ (Honorarium)
According to Oxford Dictionary, ‘honorarium’ is “A payment given for professional services that are rendered nominally without charge.” The KBBI present no definition of ‘Honor’. While Google Translate provides Corresponding item such as:
‘imbalan’ and ‘uang jasa’. Based on this fact, it is categorized as unnecessary loanword.
31. ‘Idola’ (Idol)
‘Idol’ originally comes from Old French, ‘idole’, which was adapted in the Middle
Englis period. It is defined as “An image or representation of a god used as an object of worship; A person or thing that is greatly admired, loved, or revered.” Similarly
KBBI defines ‘idola’, the adapted version, as “orang, gambar, patung, dsb yg menjadi pujaan.” While Google translate presents ‘pujaan’ and ‘berhala’ as its corresponding item. Hence it is categorized as unnecessary loanword.
32. ‘Impossible’
According to Oxford Dictionary, ‘Impossible is “Not able to occur, exist, or be done;
Very difficult to deal with.” It is not listed in the KBBI. But Google Translate provides ‘Mustahil’ and ‘Tidak mungkin’ as its corresponding item. That’s why it is categorized as unnecessary loanword.
33. ‘Imunitas’ (Immunity)
According to Oxford Dictionary, ‘immunity’ is
“The ability of an organism to resist a particular infection or toxin by the action of specific antibodies or sensitized white blood cells; Protection or exemption from something, especially an obligation or penalty; Officially granted exemption from legal proceedings or liability; Lack of susceptibility, especially to something unwelcome or harmful.”
58 The KBBI defines ‘imunitas’, the adapted version, as “keimunan; kekebalan; keadaan tumbuhan inang yg bebas dr serangan dan kerusakan yg disebabkan oleh penyakit (parasit).” Beside ‘kekebalan’, Google Translate also lists ‘kebebasan’ as its corresponding item. Because of the availability of corresponding item of
‘imunitas’ it is then categorized as unnecessary loanword.
34. ‘Imun’ (Immune)
The term of ‘immune’ according to Oxford Dictionary is “Resistant to a particular infection or toxin owing to the presence of specific antibodies or sensitized white blood cells; Protected or exempt, especially from an obligation or the effects of something; Not affected or influenced by something.” KBBI defines ‘imun’, the adapted version, as “kebal thd suatu penyakit.” Google Translate also provides
‘kebal’ and ‘bebas’ as its corresponding item.
35. ‘Individu’ (Individual)
According to Oxford dictionary, ‘individual’ is “Single; separate; of or for a particular person; designed for use by one personCharacteristic of a particular person or thing.” While the KBBI, defines ‘individu’, the adapted version as “orang seorang; pribadi orang (terpisah dr yg lain; organisme yg hidupnya berdiri sendiri, secara fisiologi ia bersifat bebas.” Google Translate also provides ‘perorangan’,
‘tersendiri’ and ‘bernafsi-nafsi’ as its corresponding item. Because of the corresponding items’ availability it is then categorized as unnecessary loanword.
36. ‘Informasi’ (information)
The term of ‘information’ is originally comes fom Latin which is adapted by English via old French in the late Middle English. It is defined by Oxford Dictionary as
“Facts provided or learned about something or someone; What is conveyed or represented by a particular arrangement or sequence of things.” The KBBI defines
59 ‘informasi’, the adapted version, as “penerangan; pemberitahuan; kabar atau berita tt sesuatu; keseluruhan makna yg menunjang amanat yg terlihat dl bagian-bagian amanat itu.” Google Translate increases the list of corresponding item with
‘keterangan’ and ‘penerangan’. Because there are corresponding items found, it is categorized as unnecessary loanword.
37. ‘Institusi’ (Institution)
Oxford Dictionary defines ‘institution’ as “An organization founded for a religious, educational, professional, or social purpose; An organization providing residential care for people with special needs; An established law or practice.” The KBBI defines the adapted version, ‘institusi’, as “lembaga; pranata; sesuatu yg dilem- bagakan oleh undang-undang, adat atau kebiasaan; gedung tempat diselenggarakannya kegiatan perkumpulan atau organisasi.” Beside ‘lembaga’ and
‘pranata’, Google Translate also adds ‘badan’ as its corresponding item. That’s why it is categorized as unnecessary loanword.
38. ‘Integritas’ (Integrity)
The term of ‘integrity’ comes from French, intégrité, which is adapted in the Late
Middle English period. The term of ‘integrity’ is defined by Oxford Dictionary as
“The quality of being honest and having strong moral principles; The state of being whole and undivided.” While its adapted version, ‘integrita’s is defined by the KBBI as “mutu, sifat, atau keadaan yg menunjukkan kesatuan yg utuh sehingga memiliki potensi dan kemampuan yg memancarkan kewibawaan; kejujuran.” Google
Translate provides ‘kejujuran, ‘keutuhan’ and ‘bobot’ as its corresponding item.
That’s why ‘Integritas’ is categorized as unnecessary loanword.
60 39. ‘Internal’
The term of ‘internal’ is adapted from modern Latin, ‘internalis’, which is defined by the Oxford as “of or situated on the inside; Inside the bodyExperienced in one’s mind; inner rather than expressed.” It is then defined by the KBBI as “menyangkut bagian dalam (tubuh, diri, mobil, dsb); dalam (negeri).” Google Translate also provides corresponding item such as ‘bagian dalam’ and ‘batiniah’. That’s why it is categorized as unnecessary loanword.
40. ‘Intervensi’ (Intervention)
The term of ‘intervention’ originally comes from Latin, ‘interventio’, which is defined by Oxford Dictionary as:
“An occasion on which a person with an addiction or other behavioural problem is confronted by a group of friends or family members in an attempt to persuade them to address the issue; Interference by a state in another’s affairs; The action or process of intervening.”
While the KBBI, defines the adapted version, ‘intervensi’, as “campur tangan dl perselisihan antara dua pihak (orang, golongan, negara, dsb);” Google Translate also loads ‘campur tangan’ together with ‘perantaraan’ as its corresponding item.
That’s why it is categorized as unnecessary loanword.
41. ‘Justice’
There is no ‘justice’ found in the KBBI, as it has not been adapted into Indonesian yet. But according to Google Translate. ‘Justice’ of which corresponding item is
‘keadilan’, ‘adalat’ and ‘kelurusan’ is English loanword, which is then categorized as unnecessary loanword.
42. ‘Karakter’ (Character)
61 The term of ‘characteristics’ originally comes from French, caractéristique, which is defined by the Oxford as “A feature or quality belonging typically to a person, place, or thing and serving to identify them.” While the KBBI, as well as Google Translate provides corresponding item instead of providing definition such as ‘watak’, ‘sifat’ and ‘pekerti’. That’s why it is categorized as unnecessary loanword.
43. ‘Kasus’ (case)
The term of ‘case’ is defined by Oxford Dictionary as “An incident or set of circumstances under official investigation by the police; A legal action, especially one to be decided in a court of law.” And the KBBI defines it as “keadaan yg sebenarnya dr suatu urusan atau perkara; keadaan atau kondisi khusus yg berhubungan dng seseorang atau suatu hal; soal; perkara.” Beside ‘soal’ and
‘perkara’ Google Translate also suggests ‘hal’ and ‘kejadian’ as its corresponding item so it is categorized as unnecessary loanword.
44. ‘Kategori’ (Category)
Originally adapted from Latin,the term of ‘category’ is defined by the Oxford as “A class or division of people or things regarded as having particular shared characteristics.” While the adapted version, ‘kategori’, is defined as “bagian dr sistem klasifikasi (golongan, jenis pangkat, dsb); golongan satuan bahasa yg anggotanya mempunyai perilaku sintaksis dan sifat hubungan yg sama.” While
Google Translate, suggests ‘kelompok’ and ‘golongan’ as its corresponding item.
Because of the availability of its corresponding item, it is categorized as unnecessary loanword.
45. ‘Koalisi’ (Coalition)
Tha term of ‘coalition’ was originally derived from Medieval Latin in the Early 17th century, which is further defined by Oxford dictionary as “A temporary alliance for
62 combined action, especially of political parties forming a government.” While the
KBBI, defines ‘koalisi’ its adapted version, as “kerja sama antara beberapa partai untuk memperoleh kelebihan suara dl parlemen.” While Google Translate, suggests
‘gabungan’, ‘persatuan’ and ‘persekutuan’ as its corresponding item. That’s why it must be categorized as unnecessary loanword.
46. ‘Kode’ (Code)
The term of ‘code’ is defined by Oxford Dictionary as “A system of words, letters, figures, or symbols used to represent others, especially for the purposes of secrecy; A systematic collection of laws or statutes; A set of conventions or moral principles governing behaviour in a particular sphere.” The KBBI defines its adapted version,
’kode’, as “tanda (kata-kata, tulisan) yg disepakati untuk maksud tertentu (untuk menjamin kerahasiaan berita, pemerintah, dsb); kumpulan peraturan yg bersistem; kumpulan prinsip yg bersistem.” Google Translates provides Corresponding item to represent this loanwords such as: ‘Kitab Undang Undang’ and ‘Sandi’. That’s why it is categorized as unnecessary loanword.
47. ‘Komentar’(Comment)
‘Comment’ originally comes from Latin, ‘commentum’, which is adapted into
English in Late Middle English period. It is defined by Oxford Dictionary as “A verbal or written remark expressing an opinion or reactionExpress an opinion or reaction in speech or writing; Express an opinion or reaction in speech or writing.”
While the KBBI, defines ‘Komentar’ as “ulasan atau tanggapan atas berita, pidato, dsb”. Google Translate suggests ‘ulasan’ and ‘uraian’ as its corresponding item to represent the idea and concept as well as the meaning. That’s why it categorized as unnecessary loanword.
63 48. ‘Komitmen’ (Commitment)
Oxford Dictionary defines ‘commitment’ as “A pledge or undertaking; An engagement or obligation that restricts freedom of action.” While the KBBI, defines the adapted version as “perjanjian (keterikatan) untuk melakukan sesuatu; kontrak.”
While Google Translate provides ‘janji’, ‘tanggung jawab’ and ‘keikatan’ as its corresponding item. that’s why it should be categorized as unnecessary loanword.
49. ‘Komunikasi’ (Communication)
The term of ‘communication’ was originally adapted from Old French,
‘comunicacion’, in the late Middle English period. It is defined by Oxford Dictionary as “The imparting or exchanging of information by speaking, writing, or using some other medium; Means of sending or receiving information, such as telephone lines or computers; Means of travelling or of transporting goods, such as roads or railways.”
The KBBI briefly defines the adapted version, ‘komunikasi’, as “pengiriman dan penerimaan pesan atau berita antara dua orang atau lebih sehingga pesan yg dimaksud dapat dipahami; hubungan; kontak; perhubungan.” Beside ‘perhubungan’
Google Translate provides ‘kabar’, ‘hubungan’ and ‘pengumuman’ as its corresponding item. Because of the existence of the corresponding items,
‘komunikasi’ is categorized as unnecessary loanword.
50. ‘konsen’ (Concern)
Oxford Dictionary defined ‘concern’ as “Be relevant or important to; affect or involveInterest or involve oneself in Have a specific connection with or responsibility for.” While the KBBI and Google Translate provides corresponding items for ‘Konsen’, such as: ‘keprihatinan’, ‘Kemasgulan’ and ‘perhatian’. Because of the presence of these corresponding items, it is then categorized as unnecessary loanword.
64 51. ‘Konstitusi’ (Constitution)
The term of ‘constitution’ was originally adapted from Latin, ‘constitution’. It is then defined by Oxford Dictionary as “A body of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is acknowledged to be governed.” The KBBI defines its adapted version as “segala ketentuan dan aturan tt ketatanegaraan (undang-undang dasar dsb); undang-undang dasar suatu Negara.”
Google Translate also lists ‘Undang Undang Dasar (UUD) as its corresponding iitem. Therefore it can be categorized as unnecessary loanword.
52. ‘Konteks’ (Context)
The term of ‘context’ is originally adapted from Latin, ‘contextus’, in the late Middle
English. It is defined by Oxford Dictionary as “The circumstances that form the setting for an event, statement, or idea, and in terms of which it can be fully understood; The parts of something written or spoken that immediately precede and follow a word or passage and clarify its meaning.” While KBBI, defines ‘Konteks’, the adapted version, as “bagian suatu uraian atau kalimat yg dapat mendukung atau menambah kejelasan makna; situasi yg ada hubungannya dng suatu kejadian.”
According to Google Translate, ‘suasana’, ‘keadaan’ and ‘hubungan’ can represent this loanword. That is why it is categorized as unnecessary loanword.
53. ‘Kontribusi’ (Contribution)
According to Oxford Dictionary, ‘contribution’ can be defined as “A gift or payment to a common fund or collection; The part played by a person or thing in bringing about a result or helping something to advance.” While the KBBI, defines the adapted version, ‘kontribusi’, as “uang iuran (kpd perkumpulan dsb); sumbangan.”
Google Translate increases the list of corresponding item by adding ‘iuran’ and
65 ‘andil’. Because of these corresponding items’ presence, it is then categorized as unnecessary loanword.
54. ‘Kontrol’ (Control)
The term of ‘control’ is defined by Oxford Dictionary as “The power to influence or direct people’s behaviour or the course of events; A means of limiting or regulating something; A person or thing used as a standard of comparison for checking the results of a survey or experiment.” While the KBBI, defines ‘kontrol’, the adapted version as “pengawasan; pemeriksaan; pengendalian” while Google translate completes the list of the corresponding item with ‘pengaturan’ and ‘pembatasan’.
That is why ‘kontrol’ is categorized as unnecessary loanword.
55. ‘Konvensional’ (Conventional)
The term of ‘conventional’ was adapted from Old French, ‘conventionnel’, in the late
15th century. It is defined by Oxford Dictionary as “Based on or in accordance with what is generally done or believed; greatly or overly concerned with what is generally held to be socially acceptable.” While the KBBI, defines ‘konvensional’, the adapted version, as “berdasarkan konvensi (kesepakatan) umum (spt adat, kebiasaan, kelaziman); tradisional.” Beside ‘tradisional’, Google translate also provides ‘biasa’, ‘lazim’ and ‘senonoh’ as its corresponding items. That is why it is categorized as unnecessary loanword.
56. ‘Kredibel’ (Credible)
The term of ‘credible’ was derived from Latin, ‘credibilis’, which is adapted in the late Middle English. It is defined by Oxford Dictionary as “Able to be believed; convincing; Capable of persuading people that something will happen or be successful.” While the KBBI, does not load ‘kredibel’ in its treasury. Google
66 translate provides ‘terpercaya’, ‘masuk akal’ and ‘dapat dipercaya’ as its corresponding item. That’s why it is categorized as unnecessary loanword.
57. ‘Kriminal’ (Criminal)
The term of ‘criminal’ is adapted version of Late Latin, ‘criminalis’, which is adapted into English in the late Middle English. It is defined as “A person who has committed a crime; Relating to crime” by Oxford Dictionary. While the KBBI, defines it as; “berkaitan dng kejahatan (pelanggaran hukum) yg dapat dihukum menurut undang-undang pidana.” Google Translate provides ‘penjahat’ as its corresponding item. Because of the presence of corresponding item, it is then categorized as unnecessary loanword.
58. ‘Kritik’ (Criticism)
The term of ‘criticism’ originally comes from latin, ‘criticus’, which was adapted in the early 17th century. It is defined by Oxford Dictionary as
“The expression of disapproval of someone or something on the basis of perceived faults or mistakes; The analysis and judgement of the merits and faults of a literary or artistic work; The scholarly investigation of literary or historical texts to determine their origin or intended form.”
While the KBBI, defines ‘kritik’, its adapted version, as “kecaman atau tanggapan, kadang-kadang disertai uraian dan pertimbangan baik buruk thd suatu hasil karya, pendapat, dsb.” Google Translate completes the list of the corresponding items by increasing ‘kupasan’ and ‘ulasan’. Because there are corresponding items found, it is categorized as unnecessary loanword.
59. ‘Kurikulum’ (Curriculum)
The term of ‘curriculum’ which comes from Latin, ‘Curricle’, was adapted into
English in the early 19th century. It is defined by Oxford Dictionary as “The subjects
67 comprising a course of study in a school or college.” The KBBI defines it as
“perangkat mata pelajaran yg diajarkan pd lembaga pendidikan; perangkat mata kuliah mengenai bidang keahlian khusus.” While Google Translate, provides
‘rencana pengajaran’ as its corresponding item. Because there is corresponding item found, it is then categorized as unnecessary loanword.
60. ‘Level’
According to Oxford Dictionary, ‘level’ can be defined as “a particular standard or quality; a position or rank in a scale of size or importance.” While the KBBI, provides corresponding item instead of providing definition. Its corresponding items are ‘tingkat(an)’; ‘tataran’ and ‘lapisan’. That’s why it is categorized as unnecessary loanword.
61. ‘Liquiditas’ (liquidation)
The term of ‘liquidation’ comes from French, ‘liquider’, which was adapted in the middle of 16th century. It is defined as “The process of liquidating a business; The conversion of assets into cash; The clearing of a debt” by Oxford Dictionary. While
KBBI, provides no definition for ‘Liquiditas’. But Google Translate provides
‘pembubaran’, ‘Penghapusan’ and ‘pemusnahan’ as its corresponding items. That’s why ‘Liquiditas’is categorized as unnecessary loanword.
62. ‘Maksimal’ (Maximal)
The term of ‘maximal’ is defined by Oxford Dictionary as “Of or constituting a maximum; as great or as large as possible.” While the KBBI, defines its Adapted version as “sebanyak-banyaknya; setinggi-tingginya; tertinggi.” Google Translate also provides the same corresponding items. Because there are corresponding items found, it is then categorized as unnecessary loanword.
68 63. ‘Masif’ (massive)
The term of ‘massive’ comes from French, ‘massif’, which was adapted in the late
Middle English Period. It is defined as “Large and heavy or solid; Exceptionally large; Very serious.” While the KBBI defines its adapted version, ‘massif’, as “utuh dan padat, di dalamnya tidak berongga (tt batu dsb); kuat; kukuh: murni (tt logam mulia).” Beside those corresponding item, Google Translate completes the list with
‘raksasa’, ‘kukuh’ and ‘bagur’ for its corresponding items. That is why ‘masif’ is categorized as unnecessary loanword.
64. ‘Massa’ (Mass)
The term of ‘mass’ is defined by Oxford Dictionary as “A large body of matter with no definite shape; A large number of people or objects crowded together: Involving or affecting large numbers of people or things.” While the KBBI, defines its adapted version, ‘massa’, as:
“sejumlah besar benda (zat dsb) yg dikumpulkan (disatukan) menjadi satu (atau kesatuan); jumlah yg banyak sekali; sekumpulan orang yg banyak sekali (berkumpul di suatu tempat atau tersebar); kelompok manusia yg bersatu krn dasar atau pegangan tertentu.”
Because Google provides corresponding items such as: ‘rakyat’, ‘besar-besaran’ and
‘kelompok’, ‘massa’ should be categorized as unnecessary loanwords.
65. ‘Media’
According to Oxford Dictionary, ‘media’ can be defined as “The main means of mass communication (television, radio, and newspapers) regarded collectively; plural form of medium.” While the KBBI defines it as:
“alat; alat (sarana) komunikasi spt koran, majalah, radio, televisi, film, poster, dan spanduk; yg terletak di antara dua pihak (orang, golongan, dsb): wayang bisa dipakai sbg -- pendidikan; perantara; penghubung; zat hara yg mengandung protein,
69 karbohidrat, garam, air, dsb baik berupa cairan maupun yg dipadatkan dng menambah gelatin untuk menumbuhkan bakteri, sel, atau jaringan tumbuhan.”
Google Translate also increases ‘wasilah’ into the corresponding items’ list. That’s why ‘Media’ is categorized as unnecessary loanword.
66. ‘Metode’ (Method)
The term of ‘method’ comes from Greek, ‘methodos’ which was adapted via Latin in the late Middle English. It is defined by the Oxford as “A particular procedure for accomplishing or approaching something, especially a systematic or established one;
The quality of being well organized and systematic in thought or action; short for method acting.” While the KBBI defines its adapted version, ‘metode’ as:
“cara teratur yg digunakan untuk melaksanakan suatu pekerjaan agar tercapai sesuai dng yg dikehendaki; cara kerja yg bersistem untuk memudahkan pelaksanaan suatu kegiatan guna mencapai tujuan yg ditentukan; sikap sekelompok sarjana thd bahasa atau linguistik, msl metode preskriptif, dan komparatif; prinsip dan praktik pengajaran bahasa, msl metode langsung dan metode terjemahan.”
Google Translate provides ‘cara’ and ‘jalan’ as its corresponding item as well.
That’s why it is categorized as unnecessary loanword.
67. ‘Minimal’
According to Oxford, the definition of ‘minimal’ is “Of a minimum amount, quantity, or degree; negligible; Characterized by simplicity and lack of adornment or decoration.” While the KBBI, defines it as “sedikit-dikitnya; sekurang-kurangnya.”
Besides, Google Translate provides ‘paling sedikit’ and ‘paling rendah’ as its corresponding item. That is why it is categorized as unnecessary loanword.
68. ‘Model’
70 The term of ‘model’ was adapted from French, ‘modelle’, in the late 16th century. It is defined by the Oxford as:
“A three-dimensional representation of a person or thing or of a proposed structure, typically on a smaller scale than the original; A thing used as an example to follow or imitate; A person employed to display clothes by wearing them; A particular design or version of a product.”
While the KBBI, defines it as:
“pola (contoh, acuan, ragam, dsb) dr sesuatu yg akan dibuat atau dihasilkan; orang yg dipakai sbg contoh untuk dilukis (difoto; orang yg (pekerjaannya) memperagakan contoh pakaian yg akan dipasarkan; barang tiruan yg kecil dng bentuk (rupa) persis spt yg ditiru.”
Google translate suggests words such as ‘peraga’, ‘contoh’ and ‘teladan’ as its corresponding items too. Because of the presence of those corresponding items. It is then categorized as unnecessary loanword.
69. ‘Momentum’
The term of ‘momentum’ which was adapted from Latin, ‘movimentum’, in the late
17th century, is defined by Oxford Dictionary as “The quantity of motion of a moving body, measured as a product of its mass and velocity; The impetus gained by a moving object; The impetus and driving force gained by the development of a process or course of events.” While the KBBI defines it as “saat yg tepat; besaran yg berkaitan dng benda yg besarnya sama dng hasil kali (darab) massa benda yg bergerak itu dan kecepatan geraknya; kuan-titas gerak.” Furthermore, Google
Translate provides ‘semangat’, ‘daya gerak’ and ‘pusa’ as its corresponding items.
So it is clearly decided that ‘momentum’ is Unnecessary Loanwords.
71 70. ‘Moral’
The term of ‘moral’, according to the Oxford, can be defined as “Concerned with the principles of right and wrong behaviour; Examining the nature of ethics and the foundations of good and bad character and conduct; Standards of behaviour; principles of right and wrong.” While the KBBI, defines it as “baik buruk yg diterima umum mengenai perbuatan, sikap, kewajiban, dsb; akhlak; budi pekerti; susila; kondisi mental yg membuat orang tetap berani, bersemangat, bergairah, berdisiplin, dsb; isi hati atau keadaan perasaan sebagaimana terungkap dl perbuatan; ajaran kesusilaan yg dapat ditarik dr suatu cerita.” Google Translate also provides ‘akhlak’ ‘susila’ and ‘budi’ as its corresponding item. So it can be categorized as unnecessary loanword.
71. ‘Moralitas’ (Morality)
According to Oxford dictionary ‘morality’ can be defined as “Principles concerning the distinction between right and wrong or good and bad behaviour; A particular system of values and principles of conduct; The extent to which an action is right or wrong.” While the KBBI, defines ‘moralitas’, the adapted version, as “sopan santun, segala sesuatu yg berhubungan dng etiket atau adat sopan santun”. While Google translate suggests ‘kesusilaan’ as its corresponding item that it should be categorized as unnecessary loanword.
72. ‘Operator’
According to Oxford Dictionary, ‘operator’ can be defined as “A person who operates equipment or a machine; A person who works at the switchboard of a telephone exchange; A person who acts in a shrewd or manipulative way.” While the
KBBI, defines it as “orang yg bertugas menjaga, melayani, dan menjalankan suatu peralatan, mesin, telepon, radio, dsb.” Google Translate provides ‘petugas’,
72 ‘pelaksana’ and ‘pengurus’ as its corresponding item, so this kind of loanword is unnecessary loanword.
73. ‘Organisasi’ (Organization)
According to Oxford Dictionary, definition of ‘organization’ is “An organized group of people with a particular purpose, such as a business or government department;
The action of organizing something; The way in which the elements of a whole are arranged.” While the KBBI, defines its adapted version, ‘organisasi’ as “kesatuan
(susunan dsb) yg terdiri atas bagian-bagian (orang dsb) dl perkumpulan dsb untuk tujuan tertentu; kelompok kerja sama antara orang-orang yg diadakan untuk mencapai tujuan bersama.” Google Translate provides corresponding item for
‘organisasi’ such as: ‘perkumpulan’, ‘perhimpunan’ and ‘perserikatan’. Due to the presence of corresponding items, ‘organisasi’ is categorized as unnecessary loanword.
74. ‘Orientasi’ (Orientation)
According to Oxford dictionary, ‘orientation’ can be defined as “The action of orienting someone or something relative to the points of a compass or other specified positions; A person’s basic attitude, beliefs, or feelings in relation to a particular subject or issue; Familiarization with something.” While the KBBI, defines
‘orientasi’, the adapted version, as “peninjauan untuk menentukan sikap (arah, tempat, dsb) yg tepat dan benar; pandangan yg mendasari pikiran, perhatian atau kecenderungan.” Google Translate suggests corresponding items such as:
‘kecenderungan’ and ‘kiblah’. Consequently, ‘orientasi’ should be categorized as unnecessary loanword.
73 75. ‘Ortodoks’ (Orthodox)
The term of ‘orthodox’ comes from Greek, ‘orthodoxox’, which was adapted in the late Middle English Period. ‘orthodox’ is defined by Oxford Dictionary as
“Following or conforming to the traditional or generally accepted rules or beliefs of a religion, philosophy, or practice; not independent-minded; conventional and unoriginal; Of the ordinary or usual type; normal.” The KBBI defines ‘ortodoks’, the adapted version, as “berpegang teguh pd peraturan dan ajaran resmi, msl dl agama; kolot; berpandangan kuno.” Google Translate also present similar corresponding item, ‘kolot’ and ‘berpandangan kuno’, backgrounding the categorization of it as unnecessary loanword.
76. ‘Otonomi’ (Autonomy)
The term of ‘autonomy’ was adapted in the early 17th century from Greek,
‘autonomia’, which is then defined by Oxford Dictionary as “The right or condition of self-government; A self-governing country or region; Freedom from external control or influence; independence.” The KBBI defines ‘otonomi’, the adapted version, as “pemerintahan sendiri.” Besides, Google Translate also provides corresponding item for ‘otonomi’ namely ‘kemandirian’ and ‘keswatantraan’. That’s why ‘otonomi’ is categorized as unnecessary loanword.
77. ‘Paradigma’ (Paradigm)
The term of ‘paradigm’ was adapted from Greek,’paradeigma’, via late Latin in the
15th century. It is defined by Oxford Dictionary as “A typical example or pattern of something; a pattern or model; A world view underlying the theories and methodology of a particular scientific subject ; A set of linguistic items that form mutually exclusive choices in particular syntactic roles.” While the KBBI, defines its adapted version, ‘paradigma’, as “daftar semua bentukan dr sebuah kata yg
74 memperlihatkan konjugasi dan deklinasi kata tsb; model dl teori ilmu pengetahuan; kerangka berpikir.” In addition, Google Translate presents ‘model’, ‘pola’ and
‘kerangka berpikir’ as its corresponding items which are able to represent the idea of
‘paradigm’. That’s why ‘paradigma’ is unnecessary loanword.
78. ‘Periode’ (Period)
The term of ‘period’ also comes from Greek, ‘periodos’, which was adapted via Old
French in the late Middle English Period. It is defined by Oxford as “A length or portion of time; A portion of time in the life of a nation, civilization, etc. characterized by the same prevalent features or conditions; A set of elements occupying a horizontal row in the periodic table.” While the KBBI, defines its adapted version, ‘periode’, as “kurun waktu; lingkaran waktu (masa); bilangan yg selalu berulang dl pecahan; baris mendatar dr unsur-unsur dl tabel periodik.”
Google Translate also provides ‘masa’, ‘waktu’ and ‘zaman’ as its corresponding item. That is why ‘periode’ is categorized as unnecessary loanword.
79. ‘Plus’
The term of ‘plus’ is defined by Oxford Dictionary as “With the addition of;
Together with.” While the KBBI defines it as “lebih; berlebih: daerah yg berlebih
(hasil bahan makanannya); tambah; tanda tambah (+).” While Google Translate, presents ‘Tambah’ and ‘tambahan’ as corresponding item. That is why it is categorized as unnecessary loanword.
80. ‘Potensi’ (Potency)
According to Oxford Dictionary, the defition of ‘potency’ is “The power of something to affect the mind or body; the number of times a remedy has been diluted and succussed, taken as a measure of the strength of the effect it will produce.”
While the KBBI, defines ‘potensi’, the adapted version, as “kemampuan yg
75 mempunyai kemungkinan untuk dikembangkan; kekuatan; kesanggupan; daya.”
Google Translate also presents the same corresponding items. Because there are corresponding items available, it is categorized as unnecessary loanword.
81. ‘Prediksi’ (Prediction)
The term of ‘prediction’ comes from Latin, ‘praedictio’, which was adapted into
English in the Middle 16th century. It is defined by Oxford Dictionary as “A thing predicted; a forecast; The action of predicting something.” While the KBBI defines the adapted version, ‘prediksi’, as “ramalan; prakiraan” so does Google Translate.
Because there are corresponding item found, it is then categorized as unnecessary loanword.
82. ‘Preferensi’ (Preference)
The term of ‘preference’ originally comes from Latin, ‘praeferre’, which was adapted into English in the late Middle English period. It is defined by Oxford as “A greater liking for one alternative over another or others; A thing preferred; Favour shown to one person or thing over another or others.” while the KBBI, defines its adapted version, ‘preferensi’, as “(hak untuk) didahulukan dan diutamakan dp yg lain; prioritas; pilihan; kecenderungan; kesukaan.” Google Translate also increases
‘prarasa’ as the corresponding item of ‘preferensi’ beside those which have been listed in KBBI. Based on this explanation, it can be concluded that ‘preferensi’ is unnecessary loanword.
83. ‘Prematur’ (Premature)
The term of ‘premature’ comes from Latin, ‘praematurus’, which was adapted into
English in the late Middle English period. It is then defined by the Oxford as
“Occurring or done before the usual or proper time; too early; born before the end of the full term of gestation, especially three or more weeks before.” While the KBBI,
76 defines the adapted version, ‘prematur’, as “belum (waktunya) masak (matang); sebelum waktunya; belum cukup bulan.” Google Translate provides ‘gegabah’ and
‘pradini’ as corresponding item for ‘prematur’. That’s why ‘prematur’ is categorized as unnecessary loanword.
84. ‘Profesi’ (Profession)
The term of ‘profession’ comes from Latin, ‘profession’, which was adapted via Old
French in the Middle English period. It is then defined by the Oxford as “A paid occupation, especially one that involves prolonged training and a formal qualification; A body of people engaged in a particular profession.” The KBBI defines ‘profesi’, the adapted version, as “bidang pekerjaan yg dilandasi pendidikan keahlian (keterampilan, kejuruan, dsb) tertentu.” While Google Translate, suggests
‘pekerjaan’ as its corresponding item. That’s why it is categorized as unnecessary loanword.
85. ‘Progresif’ (progressive)
The term of ‘progressive’ is defined by Oxford Dictionary as “Happening or developing gradually or in stages; increasing in severity; Favouring change or innovation.” While its adapted version, ‘progresif’ is defined by the KBBI as “ke arah kemajuan; berhaluan ke arah perbaikan keadaan sekarang (tt politk); bertingkat-tingkat naik (tt aturan pemungutan pajak dsb).” Google Translate provides ‘bertahap’ and ‘berlanjut’ as suggested corresponding item. That’s why
‘progresif’ is categorized as unnecessary loanword.
86. ‘Proses’ (Process)
The term of ‘process’ comes from latin, Processus, which was adapted in the Middle
English period. It is then defined by Oxford Dictionary as:
77 “A series of actions or steps taken in order to achieve a particular end; A natural series of changes; A systematic series of mechanized or chemical operations that are performed in order to produce something; A natural appendage or outgrowth on or in an organism, such as a protuberance on a bone.”
While the KBBI, defines ‘proses’, the adapted version, as:
“runtunan perubahan (peristiwa) dl perkembangan sesuatu; rangkaian tindakan, pembuatan, atau pengolahan yg menghasilkan produk; perkara dl pengadilan; proses yg terjadi pd suatu sistem apabila selama berlangsungnya proses tidak ada panas (kalor) yg masuk atau keluar.”
Moreover, Google Translate provides ‘cara’, ‘mengolah’ and ‘menyiapkan’ as suggested corresponding item to represent the idea and concept contained. That’s why it ‘proses’ is categorized as unnecessary loanword.
87. ‘Prudent’
The term of ‘prudent’ originally comes from Latin, ‘prudent’, which was adapted into English in the late Middle English period. It is defined by the Oxford as “Acting with or showing care and thought for the future.” While the KBBI, provides no definition of this term as it has not been officially adapted into Indonesian. However,
Google Translate provides some corresponding item, such as: ‘bijaksana’, ‘hati-hati’ and ‘hemat’. Therefore ‘prudent’ is categorized as unnecessary loanword.
88. ‘Psikologis’ (psychological)
Oxford Dictionary defines ‘psychological’ as “Of, affecting, or arising in the mind; related to the mental and emotional state of a personRelating to psychology; having a mental rather than a physical cause.” While the KBBI defines ‘psikologi’, the adapted version, as “berkenaan dng psikologi; bersifat kejiwaan.” Moreover,
Google Translate, suggests ‘kejiwaan’ for its corresponding item. That is why
‘psikologis’ is categorized as unnecessary loanword.
78 89. ‘Realisasi’ (Realization)
The term of ‘realization’, according to Oxford Dictionary, can be defined as “An act of becoming fully aware of something as a fact; The achievement of something desired or anticipated; An actual form given to a concept or work.” While the KBBI, defines ‘realisasi’, the adapted version, as “proses menjadikan nyata; perwujudan; wujud; kenyataan; pelaksanaan yg nyata.” Besides those corresponding items,
Google Translate provides ‘perwujud nyataan’, ‘penglaksanaan’ and ‘kesadaran’ to enrich the corresponding items. That’s why ‘realisasi’ is categorized as unnecessary loanword.
90. ‘Reformasi’ (Reformation)
The term of ‘reformation’ originally comes from Latin, ‘reformare’, which was adapted in the late Middle English period. It is defined by Oxford Dictionary as “The action or process of reforming an institution or practice; A 16th-century movement for the reform of abuses in the Roman Church ending in the establishment of the
Reformed and Protestant Churches.” While the KBBI, defines ‘reformasi’, the adapted version, as “perubahan secara drastis untuk perbaikan (bidang sosial, politik, atau agama) dl suatu masyarakat atau Negara.” Then, Google Translate suggest ‘penyusunan ulang’ as its corresponding item. That’s why it is categorized as unnecessary loanword.
91. ‘Rekrutmen’ (Recruitment)
According to Oxford Dictionary, the defition of ‘recruitment’ is “The action of enlisting new people in the armed forces; The increase in a natural population as progeny grow and new members arrive; The incorporation of cells from elsewhere in the body into a tissue or region.” While according to the KBBI, the defition of
‘rekrutmen’, the adapted version, is “pengerahan, msl tenaga kerja.” Google
79 Translate also provides the same corresponding item, ‘pengerahan’. So ‘rekrutmen’ should be categorized as unnecessary loanword.
92. ‘Relatif’ (‘Relative’)
The term of ‘relative’ originally comes from late Latin, ‘relativus’, which was adapted in the late Middle English period. It is defined by the Oxford as “Considered in relation or in proportion to something else; Existing or possessing a specified characteristic only in comparison to something else; not absolute.” While the KBBI, defines ‘relatif’ the adapted version, as “tidak mutlak; nisbi.” And Google Translate also suggests ‘bertalian’ as corresponding item as well as ‘nisbi’. Beause of the availability of the corresponding items, it is then categorized as unnecessary loanword.
93. ‘Remisi’ (Remission)
The term of ‘remission’ originally comes from Latin, ‘remittere’, which was adapted into English in the Middle English period. It is defined by Oxford Dictionary as” The cancellation of a debt, charge, or penalty; he reduction of a prison sentence, especially as a reward for good behaviour; Forgiveness of sins.” While KBBI, defines its adapted version, ‘remisi’ as “pengurangan hukuman yg diberikan kpd orang yg terhukum.” While Google Translate, presents corresponding items such as:
‘pengampunan’, ‘pembebasan’ and ‘pengurangan’, to convey the concept and idea of ‘remission’. That’s why ‘remisi’ is categorized as Unnecessary Loanwords.
94. ‘Represif’ (Repressive)
The term of ‘repressive’ is defined by Oxford Dictionary as “inhibiting or restraining personal freedom; Inhibiting or preventing the expression or awareness of thoughts or desires.” While the KBBI, defines its adapted version, ‘represif’ as “bersifat represi (menekan, mengekang, menahan, atau menindas); bersifat menyembuhkan.”
80 While Google Translate, provides ‘menekan’ and ‘menindas’ as the corresponding item of ‘represif’. That’s why ‘represif’ is categorized as unnecessary loanword.
95. ‘Risiko’ (Risk)
The term of ‘risk’ originally comes from French, ‘risque’, which was adapted into
English in the middle 17th century. It is defined by Oxfored Dictionary as “A situation involving exposure to danger; The possibility that something unpleasant or unwelcome will happen; A possibility of harm or damage against which something is insured.” While according to the KBBI, ‘risiko’ is “akibat yg kurang menyenangkan
(merugikan, membahayakan) dr suatu perbuatan atau tindakan.” Google Translate also suggests ‘Akibat’ as the corresponding item of ‘risiko’. That’s make ‘risiko’ unnecessary loanword.
96. ‘Resistansi’ (Resistance)
The term of ‘resistance’ originally comes from French, ‘résistance’, which has been adapted into English since the late Middle English period. It is defined by Oxford
Dictionary as:
“The refusal to accept or comply with something; The use of force or violence to oppose someone or something; The ability not to be affected by something, especially adversely; Lack of sensitivity to a drug, insecticide, etc., especially as a result of continued exposure or genetic change.”
While the KBBI, defines its adapted version, ‘resistansi’ as “ketahanana.”
Moreover, Google Translate increases the suggested corresponding item by presenting ‘perlawanan’, ‘daya tahan’ and ‘penentangan’. That’s why ‘resistansi’ is categorized as unnecessary loanword.
81 97. ‘Revisi’ (Revision)
Oxford Dictionary defines ‘revision’ as “The action of revising ; A revised edition or form of something.” While the KBBI, defines its adapted version, ‘revisi’, as
“peninjauan (pemeriksaan) kembali untuk perbaikan.” Google Translate suggests
‘perbaikan’ and ‘pembetulan’ as its corresponding item, that’s why it is categorized unnecessary loanword.
98. ‘Ricek’ (Recheck)
The term of ‘recheck’ is defined by Oxford Dictionary as “Check or verify again; An act of checking or verifying something again.” Unfortunately there is no ‘ricek’ found in KBBI, but Google Translates provides ‘Periksa ulang’ and ‘meneliti ulang’ as the correspondent items. It signifies that ‘ricek’ is unnecessary loanword.
99. ‘Royal’
The term of ‘royal’ originally comes from Old French, ‘roial’ which was adapted into English in the late Middle English period. It is defined by Oxford Dictionary as
“Having the status of a king or queen or a member of their family; In the service or under the patronage of a king or queen.” The KBBI defines it as “berlebih-lebihan
(dl mengeluarkan uang, dl makan minum); melampaui batas.” While Google
Translate, presents ‘megah’, ‘kerajaan’ and ‘mewah’ as corresponding items for
‘royal’. That’s why it is categorized as unnecessary loanword.
100. ‘Rumor’ (Rumour)
The term of ‘rumour’ originally comes from Old French, ‘rumur’, which was adapted into English in the late Middle English period. It is defined as “A currently circulating story or report of uncertain or doubtful truth” by oxford Dictionary. While the KBBI, defines its adapted version, ‘rumor’ as “gunjingan.” In addition, Google
82 Translate lists ’desas-desus’, ‘kabar angin’ and ‘selentingan’ as corresponding item of ‘rumor’. That’s why it is then categorized as unnecessary loanword.
101. ‘Seksi’ (Sexy)
The term of ‘sexy’ is defined by Oxford dictionary as “Sexually attractive or exciting; Sexually aroused; Very exciting or appealing.” While the KBBI, defines its adapted version, ‘seksi’ as “merangsang rasa berahi (tt bentuk badan, pakaian, dsb)”. While Google Translate, enlists ‘menggairahkan’, ‘menggiurkan’ and
‘bahenol’ as corresponding item of ‘seksi’. So there is no reason to do borrowing that signifies the loanword is unnecessary loanword.
102. ‘sektor’ (Sector)
‘Sector’ was adapted from late Latin, ‘sect’, in the late 16th century. It is defined by oxford Dictionary as “An area or portion that is distinct from others; A distinct part or branch of a nation’s economy or society or of a sphere of activity such as education; A subdivision of an area for military operations.” KBBI defines ‘sektor’ as “lingkungan suatu usaha; bagian daerah pertempuran (penjagaan atau pertahanan); tembereng tajam (bagian bulatan yg berbatas dua garis lurus yg ditarik dr keliling ke titik pusat bulatan).” While Google Translate, enlists
‘kawasan’, ‘bidang’ and ‘bagian’ for corresponding item of ‘sektor’. That’s why.
‘sektor’ should be categorized as unnecessary loanword.
103. ‘Seleksi’ (Selection)
The term of ‘selection’ is defined as “The action or fact of carefully choosing someone or something as being the best or most suitable; A range of things from which a choice may be made; Data highlighted on a computer screen for a particular operation.” While the KBBI, defines ‘seleksi’ as “pemilihan (untuk mendapatkan yg terbaik); penyaringan; metode dan prosedur yg dipakai oleh bagian personalia
83 (kantor pemerintah, perusahaan, dsb) waktu memilih orang untuk mengisi lowongan pekerjaan.” Google Translate also lists similar corresponding items, ‘penyaringan’,
‘pemilihan’ and ‘saringan’. Because of the availability of corresponding item,
‘seleksi’ should be categorized as unnecessary loanword”
104. ‘Serius’ (Serious)
The term of ‘serious’ originally comes from Old French, ‘serieux’, adapted in late
Middle English period. It is defined by Oxford as “Demanding or characterized by careful consideration or application; Solemn or thoughtful in character or manner;
Demanding or characterized by careful consideration or applicationSolemn or thoughtful in character or manner.” The KBBI defines ‘serius’, the adapted version, as “sungguh-sungguh: tidak bergurau; gawat; genting (krn menghadapi bahaya, risiko, akibat, dsb yg mungkin terjadi).” Google Translate provides similar corresponding item as KBBI does. Because there are corresponding items found, so
‘serius’ should be categorized as unnecessary loanword.
105. ‘Signifikan’ (Significant)
According to Oxford Dictionary, ‘significant’ can be defined as “Sufficiently great or important to be worthy of attention; noteworthy; Suggesting a meaning or message that is not explicitly stated; Relating to or having significance.” While the KBBI, defines the adapted version, ‘signifikan’, as “penting; berarti.” Google Translate then increases one more corresponding item, namely ‘tanda’. Because of the availability of corresponding item, the loanword then will be categorized as unnecessary loanword.
106. ‘Sinyal’ (Signal)
The term of ‘signal’ which is adapted from Medieval Latin, ‘signale’ in late Middle
English period, is defined by Oxford Dictionary as
84 “A gesture, action, or sound that is used to convey information or instructions, typically by prearrangement between the parties concerned; An event or statement that provides the impulse for an occurrence; An electrical impulse or radio wave transmitted or received.”
While the KBBI defines ‘sinyal’, the adapted version, as “tanda isyarat (lampu merah, bunyi, larangan parkir, dsb); tiang dsb yg menjadi (atau berisi) tanda isyarat.” Then Google Translate enlists ‘tanda’, ‘isyarat’ and ‘semboyan’ as the corresponding item of ‘sinyal’ in Indonesian. That’s why ‘sinyal’ should be categorized as unnecessary loanword.
107. ‘Sistem’ (System)
The term of ‘system’ originally comes from French, ‘système’, which was adapted into English in early 17th century. According to Oxford Dictionary, ‘system’ is defined as
“A set of things working together as parts of a mechanism or an interconnecting network; a complex whole; A set of principles or procedures according to which something is done; an organized scheme or method; The prevailing political or social order, especially when regarded as oppressive and intransigent.” The KBBI, defines ‘sistem’ as “perangkat unsur yg secara teratur saling berkaitan sehingga membentuk suatu totalitas; susunan yg teratur dr pandangan, teori, asas, dsb; metode.” And Google Translate enlists ‘susunan’, ‘cara’ and ‘jaringan’ as the corresponding item of ‘sistem’ in Indonesian. That’s why ‘sistem’ is unnecessary loanword.
108. ‘Sistematis’ (Systematic)
The term of ‘systematic’ is defined as “Done or acting according to a fixed plan or system; methodical.” While the KBBI, defines ‘sistematis’ as “teratur menurut sistem; memakai sistem; dng cara yg diatur baik-baik.” Google Translate offers
85 ‘teratur’, ‘tertata’ and ‘berpola’ as the corresponding item of ‘sistematis’ which signify that ‘sistematis’ is unnecessary loanword.
109. ‘Skeptis’ (Skeptic)
The term of ‘skeptic’ originally comes from Greek, ‘skeptikos’, which was adapted via Latin in late 16th century. It is defined by Oxford Dictionary as “A person inclined to question or doubt accepted opinions; An ancient or modern philosopher who denies the possibility of knowledge, or even rational belief, in some sphere.”
While the KBBI, defines ‘skeptis’, the adapted version, as “kurang percaya; ragu- ragu (thd keberhasilan ajaran dsb).” Google Translate enlists ‘peragu’, ‘curiga’ and
‘ragu-ragu’ as the corresponding items which emphasizes that ‘skeptis’ is unnecessary loanword.
110. ‘Solid’
The term of ‘Solid’ is defined as “Firm and stable in shape; not liquid or fluid;
Strongly built or made of strong materials; not flimsy or slender; Concerned with objects having three dimensions.” While the KBBI defines it as “kuat; kukuh; berbobot, padat; berisi.” Google Translate also enlists the similar corresponding items which the KBBI enlists. So, ‘solid’ is Unnecessary Loanwords as it has corresponding item.
111. ‘Suvenir’ (Souvenir)
The term of ‘souvenir’ originally comes from latin, ‘subvenire’ which was adapted in late 18th century. It is defined by oxford Dictionary as “A thing that is kept as a reminder of a person, place, or event.” While the KBBI, as well as Google Translate, defines ‘suvenir’ as “tanda mata; kenang-kenangan; cenderamata.” ‘suvenir’ is considered as unnecessary loanword as it has corresponding items.
112. ‘Spekulasi’ (Speculation)
86 The term of ‘speculation’ is defined as “The forming of a theory or conjecture without firm evidence:Investment in stocks, property, etc. in the hope of gain but with the risk of loss” by Oxford Dictionary. While the KBBI, defines ‘spekulasi’, the adapted version, as “pendapat atau dugaan yg tidak berdasarkan kenyataan; tindakan yg bersifat untung-untungan; (perihal) membeli atau menjual sesuatu yg mungkin mendatangkan untung besar.” Google Translate provides corresponding items such as: ‘pemikiran’, ‘renungan’ and ‘lamunan’. The presence of those corresponding items, makes sure that ‘spekulasi’ is unnecessary loanword.
113. ‘Statement’
The term of ‘statement has not officially adapted into Indonesian, therefore there is no ‘statement’ term found in the KBBI. Instead of using statement, the speakers tend to use ‘pernyataan’, ‘pengutaraan’ and ‘lamunan’ as the corresponding of
‘statement’.
114. ‘Status’
The term of ‘status’ was originally adapted from Latin in late 18th century. It is defined as “Relative social or professional position; standing; High rank or social standing; The official classification given to a person, country, or organization, determining their rights or responsibilities ; The situation at a particular time during a process.” While the KBBI, defines it as “keadaan atau kedudukan (orang, badan, dsb) dl hubungan dng masyarakat di sekelilingnya.” Because there are some corresponding items found in Indonesian as suggested by Google Translate
(‘keadaan’, ‘suasana’ and ‘kedudukan’), this kind of loanwords will be categorized as unnecessary loanword.
115. ‘Struktur’ (Structure)
87 The term of ‘Structure’ was adapted from Latin, ‘structura’ in late Middle English which is defined by Oxford Dictionary as “The arrangement of and relations between the parts or elements of something complex; The quality of being organized; A building or other object constructed from several parts.” While the KBBI, defines
‘struktur’ as “cara sesuatu disusun atau dibangun; susunan; bangunan; yg disusun dng pola tertentu; pengaturan unsur atau bagian suatu benda; ketentuan unsur- unsur dr suatu benda; pengaturan pola dl bahasa secara sintagmatis.” Google
Translate provides ‘kerangka’ and ‘susunan’ as corresponding items of ‘struktur’.
That’s why ‘struktur’ is regarded as unnecessary loanword.
116. ‘Substansi’ (Substance)
The term of ‘substance’ was originally adapted from Latin, ‘substantia’, in Middle
English period. It is defined by Oxford Dictionary as:
“A particular kind of matter with uniform properties; An intoxicating, stimulating, or narcotic chemical or drug, especially an illegal one; The real physical matter of which a person or thing consists and which has a tangible, solid presence: The most important or essential part of something; the real or essential meaning.”
While the KBBI, defines ‘substansi’, the adapted version, as “watak yg sebenarnya dr sesuatu; isi; pokok; inti; unsur; zat: kekayaan; harta; medium yg dipakai untuk mengungkapkan bahasa.” Because of the availability of Corresponding item as enlisted in KKBI, ‘Substansi’ will be categorized as unnecessary loanword.
117. ‘Sukses’ (Success)
The term of ‘success’ originally comes from Latin, ‘successus’, adapted in middle
16th century. It is defined as “The accomplishment of an aim or purpose; The attainment of fame, wealth, or social status; A person or thing that achieves desired aims or attains fame, wealth, etc.” While the KBBI, defines the adapted version,
88 ‘sukses’, as “berhasil; beruntung.” So does Google Translate. Because there are corresponding items found, so ‘sukses’ should be categorized as Unnecessary
Loanwords.
118. ‘Target’
The term of ‘target’ is defined by Oxford Dictionary as “A person, object, or place selected as the aim of an attack; An objective or result towards which efforts are directed; A small round shield or buckler.” While the KBBI, defines ‘target’ as
“sasaran (batas ketentuan dsb) yg telah ditetapkan untuk dicapai.” In addition,
Google Translate enlists ‘sasaran’, bulan-bulanan’ and ‘matalamat’ as its corresponding items. As there are corresponding items found, ‘target’ should be categorized as unnecessary loanword.
119. ‘Tempo’
According to Oxford Dictionary, ‘tempo’ is “The speed at which a passage of music is or should be played; The rate or speed of motion or activity; pace.” While the
KBBI, defines it as “waktu; masa; ketika; saat; kesempatan; kelonggaran (untuk berpikir dsb); penundaan waktu; batas waktu; janji (waktu yg dijanjikan).” Google
Translate provides ‘kecepatan’ as the corresponding item of ‘tempo’ which means
‘tempo’ is unnecessary loanword.
120. ‘Tiket’(Ticket)
The term of ‘ticket’ was originally adapted from French, ‘étiquet’, in early 16th century. It is defined by oxford as “A piece of paper or card that gives the holder a certain right, especially to enter a place, travel by public transport, or participate in an event; A certificate or warrant, in particular; A label attached to a retail product, giving its price, size, and other details.” While KBBI, defines ‘Tiket’, the adapted
89 version, as “karcis kapal, pesawat terbang, dsb.” So does Google Translate. The corresponding item for ‘tiket’ is ‘karcis’.
121. ‘Topik’ (Topic)
The term of ‘topic’ was originally adapted from Greek,’ta topica’, in late 15th century. It is defined as “A matter dealt with in a text, discourse, or conversation; a subject; That part of a sentence about which something is said, typically the first major constituent” by Oxford Dictionary. While the KBBI, defines’topik’, the adapted version, as “pokok pembicaraan dl diskusi, ceramah, karangan, dsb; bahan diskusi; hal yg menarik perhatian umum pd waktu akhir-akhir ini; bahan pembicaraan.” Google Translate enlists ‘pokok’, ‘buah bibir’ and ‘buah mulut’ as the corresponding item of this loanword. So it can be concluded that ‘topik’ is unnecessary loanword.
122. ‘Transformasi’ (Transformation)
The term of ‘transformation’ was originally adapted from old French, ‘transformare’ in late Middle English period. It is defined as “A marked change in form, nature, or appearance; A sudden dramatic change of scenery on stage; A process by which one figure, expression, or function is converted into another one of similar value; A process by which an element in the underlying logical deep structure of a sentence is converted to an element in the surface structure.” While the KBBI, defines
‘transformasi’ as “perubahan rupa (bentuk, sifat, fungsi, dsb; perubahan struktur gramatikal menjadi struktur gramatikal lain dng menambah, mengurangi, atau menata kembali unsur-unsurnya.” While Google Translate, provides ‘perubahan’ as the corresponding item of ‘transformasi’ that makes it Unnecessary Loanwords.
90 123. ‘Untouchable’
Because this term has not been officially adapted into Indonesian, so there is no
‘untouchable’ term found in the KBBI. Nevertheless, Google Translate suggests’paria’ and ‘tak tersentuh’ as the corresponding items of this term. That’s why it is categorized as unnecessary loanword.
124. ‘Virus’
The term of ‘virus’ originally comes from Latin, which was adapted into English in late Middle English period. ‘Virus’ is defined as “An infective agent that typically consists of a nucleic acid molecule in a protein coat, is too small to be seen by light microscopy, and is able to multiply only within the living cells of a host.” While the
KBBI, defines it as “mikroorganisme yg tidak dapat dilihat dng menggunakan mikroskop biasa, hanya dapat dilihat dng menggunakan mikroskop elektron, penyebab dan penular penyakit, spt cacar, influenza, dan rabies.” While Google
Translate, provides ‘badi’ as its corresponding item, which emphasizes that ‘virus’ is unnecssary loanword.
125. ‘Vulgar’
The term of ‘vulgar’ was originally adapted from Latin, ‘vulgaris’, in late Middle
English period. It is defined by Oxford dictionary as “Lacking sophistication or good taste; Making explicit and offensive reference to sex or bodily functions; coarse and rude; Characteristic of or belonging to ordinary people.” While the KBBI, as well as
Google Translate, briefly defines it as “kasar (tt perilaku, perbuatan, dsb); tidak sopan.” As there are corresponding items found in Indonesian, the term ‘Vulgar’ can be categorized as unnecessary loanword.
91 4.3 Findings
Based on the analysis of Kick Andy Talk Show aired on Oct, 03rd 2014, there are 161 occurances of loanwords found in it, which can be further categorized as suggested by Haugen (1969). After doing the procedures of collecting, tabulating, identifying, analyzing the data, the research is oriented to count the percentage of each technique of translation based on educational statistic proposed by Butler
(1985).
1. Necessary Loanwords : x 100 % = 22.36 %
2. Unnecessary Loanwords : x 100 % = 77.64 %
This percentage can be specificly explained by this following table:
Table 4.4: percentage of Loanwords’ occurances
No Kinds of Loanwords Data No Total Percentages 1 Necessary Loanwords 4, 5, 7, 10, 11, 13, 17, 36 22.36 % 22, 31, 34, 38, 39, 42, 44, 55, 58, 62, 65, 74, 75, 76, 81, 84, 88, 89, 97, 105, 106, 108, 109, 114, 118, 127, 152, 157, 160 2 Unnecessary Loanwords 1, 2, 3, 6, 8, 9, 12, 14, 125 77.64 % 15, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 32, 33, 35, 36, 37, 40, 41, 43, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54 , 56, 57, 59, 60, 61, 63, 64, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 77,
92 78, 79, 80, 82, 83, 85, 86, 87, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96 , 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 107, 110, 111, 112, 113, 115, 116, 117, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 153, 154, 155, 156, 158, 159, 161 TOTAL 161 100%
The total and the table above adduce that there are 161 (one hundred sixty one) occurances of loanwords which are further devided into classification based on the level of necessity. From the 161 (one hundred sixty one) occurances, there are 36
(thirty six) occurances (22.36%) which are categorized as necessary loanwords and other 125 (one hundred twenty five) occurances (77.64%) are categorized as unnecessary loanwords.
93 CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1. Conclusion
After doing the whole analysis on the data obtained by recorded in the Kick
Andy Talk Show aired on 03 October 2015, it can be concluded that:
The record which has duration of eighty-two-minute length, contained at least
161 occurances of English loanwords consisted of loanwords which have been adjusted into Indonesian (adapted version) and loanwords which have not been adjusted into Indonesian (original version), in which 22.36% of the are necessary loanwords and 77.64% are unnecessary loanwords.
As the result of the analysis, there are four conclusions made. They are:
a. 36 of 161 loanwords found in the record of Kick Andy Talk Show are
categorized as necessary loanwords which can be seen in this following table:
Table 5.1: Necessary Loanwords’ List
No English Loanwords Indonesian Adapted version
1 Activist Aktivis 2 Actor Aktor 3 Anti Anti 4 Audit Audit 5 Bank Bank 6 Bureaucrat Birokrat 7 Data Data 8 Doctor Doktor 9 Faculty Fakultas
94 10 Financial Finansiil 11 Globalization Globalisasi 12 Gratification Gratifikasi 13 Hedonism Hedonis 14 Hotel Hotel 15 General Jenderal 16 Caricature Karikatur 17 Cowboy Koboi 18 Commissioner Komisioner 19 Coordinator Koordinator 20 Corruption Korupsi 21 Corruptor Koruptor 22 Legislative Legislatif 23 Mafia Mafia 24 Materialistic Materialistik 25 Mechanism Mekanisme 26 November Nopember 27 Permissive Permisif 28 Pessimistic Pesimistik 29 Police Polisi 30 Politics Politik 31 President Presiden 32 Province Provinsi 33 Republic Republik 34 Television Televisi 35 University Universitas 36 Vocal Vokal
b. 125 out of 161 loanwords found in the record of Kick Andy Talk Show aired
on October 03rd, 2014 are categorized as Unnecessary Loanwords which can be
seen in this following table:
95 Table 5.2: Unnecessary Loanwords’ List No English loanwords Indonesian Adapted Version
1 Advocate Advokat 2 Accommodate Akomodir 3 Active Aktif 4 Analysis Analisis 5 Apathety Apatis 6 Asset Aset 7 Basis Basis 8 Business Bisnis 9 Browsing Browsing 10 Check Cek 11 Directorate Direktorat 12 Discipline Disiplin 13 Discussion Diskusi 14 Disorientation Disorientasi 15 Drama Drama 16 Effect Efek 17 Executive Eksekutip 18 Episode Episode 19 Era Era 20 Ethics Etik 21 Ethical Etis 22 Fact Fakta 23 Facility Fasilitas 24 Filter Filter 25 Formal Formil 26 Function Fungsi 27 Generation Generasi 28 Group Grup 29 Governor Gubernur
96 30 Honorarium Honor 31 Idol Idola 32 Impossible Impossible 33 Immunity Imunitas 34 Immune Imun 35 Individual Individu 36 Information Informasi 37 Institution Institusi 38 Integrity Integritas 39 Internal Internal 40 Intervention Intervensi 41 Justice Justice 42 Characteristic Karakter 43 Case Kasus 44 Category Kategori 45 Coalition Koalisi 46 Code Kode 47 Comment Komentar 48 Commitment Komitmen 49 Communication Komunikasi 50 Concern Konsen 51 Constitution Konstitusi 52 Context Konteks 53 Contribution Kontribusi 54 Control Kontrol 55 Conventional Konvensional 56 Credible Kredibel 57 Criminal Kriminal 58 Criticism Kritik 59 Curriculum Kurikulum 60 Level Level 61 Liquidation Liquiditas
97 62 Maximal Maksimal 63 Massive Masif 64 Mass Massa 65 Media Media 66 Method Metode 67 Minimal Minimal 68 Model Model 69 Momentum Momentum 70 Moral Moral 71 Morality Moralitas 72 Operator Operator 73 Organization Organisasi 74 Orientation Orientasi 75 Orthodox Ortodoks 76 Autonomy Otonomi 77 Paradigm Paradigma 78 Period Periode 79 Plus Plus 80 Potency Potensi 81 Prediction Prediksi 82 Preference Preferensi 83 Premature Prematur 84 Profession Profesi 85 Progressive Progresif 86 Process Proses 87 Prudent Prudent 88 Psychological Psikologis 89 Realization Realisasi 90 Reformation Reformasi 91 Recruitment Rekrutmen 92 Relative Relatif 93 Remission Remisi
98 94 Repressive Represif 95 Risk Resiko 96 Resistance Resistensi 97 Revision Revisi 98 Recheck Ricek 99 Royal Royal 100 Rumor Rumor 101 Sexy Seksi 102 Sector Sektor 103 Selection Seleksi 104 Serious Serius 105 Significant Signifikan 106 Signal Sinyal 107 System Sistem 108 Systematic Sistematis 109 Skeptic Skeptis 110 Solid Solid 111 Souvenir Suvenir 112 Speculation Spekulasi 113 Statement Statemen 114 Status Status 115 Structure Struktur 116 Substance Substansi 117 Success Sukses 118 Target Target 119 Tempo Tempo 120 Ticket Tiket 121 Topic Topik 122 Transformation Transformasi 123 Untouchable Untouchable 124 Virus Virus 125 Vulgar Vulgar
99 c. The corresponding items for those 125 unnecessary loanwords which
available and suitable in Indonesian as suggested by Indonesian dictionaries
can be seen in following table:
Table 5.3: Unnecessary Loanwords’ Corresponding Item
No English Loanwords Indonesian Adapted Corresponding Item Version
1 Advocate Advokat Pengacara; penganjur 2 Accommodate Akomodir Memuat;menampung 3 Active Aktif Gesit; giat 4 Analysis Analisis Uraian; kupasan 5 Apathety Apatis Tidak acuh, lesu 6 Asset Aset Modal, kekayaan 7 Basis Basis Dasar; asas 8 Business Bisnis Usaha; urusan 9 Browsing Browsing Menjelajah, melihat Memeriksa; 10 Check Cek mengawas 11 Directorate Direktorat Dewan pimpinan Ketertiban; 12 Discipline Disiplin mata pelajaran Perundingan; 13 Discussion Diskusi permusyawaratan Kekacauan kiblat; 14 Disorientation Disorientasi kesamaran arah 15 Drama Drama Sandiwara; kisah 16 Effect Efek Pengaruh; dampak Pelaksana; 17 Executive Eksekutip laksanawan 18 Episode Episode Riwayat; seri cerita 19 Era Era Masa; zaman
100 Tata susila; 20 Ethics Etik kesusilaan Layak; pantas; 21 Ethical Etis beradab 22 Fact Fakta Kenyataan, kebenaran Kemudahhan; 23 Facility Fasilitas kesempatan 24 Filter Filter Penapis; penyaring 25 Formal Formil Resmi; kaku 26 Function Fungsi Peran; guna 27 Generation Generasi Masa; angkatan 28 Group Grup Golongan; kelompok 29 Governor Gubernur Pemerintah; patih 30 Honorarium Honor Imbalan; uang jasa 31 Idol Idola Pujaan; berhala Mustahil; 32 Impossible Impossible tidak mungkin 33 Immunity Imunitas Kekebalan; kebebasan 34 Immune Imun Kebal; bebas Perorangan; 35 Individual Individu tersendiri 36 Information Informasi Keterangan 37 Institution Institusi Lembaga; pranata Kutuhan; kejujuran 38 Integrity Integritas bobot Batiniah; 39 Internal Internal Bagian dalam Campur tangan; 40 Intervention Intervensi Perantaraan 41 Justice Justice Keadilan; kelurusan 42 Characteristic Karakter Watak; sifat 43 Case Kasus Hal; kejadian
101 44 Category Kategori Kelompok; golongan Persekutuan; 45 Coalition Koalisi gabungan Sandi; kitab Undang 46 Code Kode Undang 47 Comment Komentar Ulasan; uraian 48 Commitment Komitmen Janji; keikatan Perhubungan; 49 Communication Komunikasi pengumuman Keprihatinan; 50 Concern Konsen kemasygulan 51 Constitution Konstitusi UUD 52 Context Konteks Suasana;keadaan 53 Contribution Kontribusi Andil; iuran Pengawasan; 54 Control Kontrol pemeriksaan 55 Conventional Konvensional Biasa; lazim Terpercaya; 56 Credible Kredibel masuk akal 57 Criminal Kriminal Penjahat 58 Criticism Kritik Kecaman; kupasan 59 Curriculum Kurikulum Rencana pengajaran 60 Level Level Tingkat; lapisan Pembubaran; 61 Liquidation Liquiditas pemusnahan Sebanyak-banyaknya; 62 Maximal Maksimal setinggi-tingginya 63 Massive Masif Kukuh; bagur 64 Mass Massa Rakyat; besar-besaran 65 Media Media Wasilah 66 Method Metode Cara; jalan 67 Minimal Minimal Paling sedikit;
102 paling rendah 68 Model Model Peraga; teladan 69 Momentum Momentum Semangat; daya gerak 70 Moral Moral Susila; akhlak Kesusilaan; 71 Morality Moralitas sopan santun 72 Operator Operator Petugas; pelaksana Perhimpunan; 73 Organization Organisasi perserikatan 74 Orientation Orientasi Kiblah; keenderungan Kolot; 75 Orthodox Ortodoks Berpandangan kuno Kemandirian; 76 Autonomy Otonomi keswatantraan 77 Paradigm Paradigma Model; kerangka 78 Period Periode Masa; waktu 79 Plus Plus Tambah; tambahan Kekuatan; 80 Potency Potensi kesanggupan 81 Prediction Prediksi Ramalan; prakiraan 82 Preference Preferensi Prarasa;kesukaan 83 Premature Prematur Pradini; gegabah 84 Profession Profesi Pekerjaan 85 Progressive Progresif Bertahap; berlanjut Mengolah; 86 Process Proses menyiapkan 87 Prudent Prudent Bijaksana; hati-hati 88 Psychological Psikologis Kejiwaan Penglaksanaan; 89 Realization Realisasi pewujudnyataan 90 Reformation Reformasi Penyusunan ulang 91 Recruitment Rekrutmen Pengerahan
103 92 Relative Relatif Nisbih; tidak mutlak Pengampunan; 93 Remission Remisi pengurangan 94 Repressive Represif Menekan; menindas 95 Risk Resiko Akibat Penentangan; 96 Resistance Resistensi perlawanan Perbaikan; 97 Revision Revisi pembetulan 98 Recheck Ricek Periksa ulang 99 Royal Royal Kerajaan; mewah Desas-desus; 100 Rumor Rumor kabar angin Menggairahkan; 101 Sexy Seksi menggiurkan 102 Sector Sektor Bidang; bagian 103 Selection Seleksi Saringan; pemilihan 104 Serious Serius Gawat; genting 105 Significant Signifikan Penting; berarti 106 Signal Sinyal Tanda; isyarat 107 System Sistem Susunan; jaringan 108 Systematic Sistematis Teratur; tertata 109 Skeptic Skeptis Ragu-ragu; curiga 110 Solid Solid Kuat; berbobot Tanda mata; kenang- 111 Souvenir Suvenir kenangan 112 Speculation Spekulasi Pemikiran; renungan Pernyataan; 113 Statement Statemen pengutaraan 114 Status Status Keadaan; kedudukan 115 Structure Struktur Kerangka; susunan 116 Substance Substansi Isi; pokok
104 117 Success Sukses Berhasil 118 Target Target Matalamat; sasaran 119 Tempo Tempo Kecepatan; masa 120 Ticket Tiket Karcis 121 Topic Topik Pokok; buah bibir 122 Transformation Transformasi Perubahan 123 Untouchable Untouchable Tak tersentuh;paria 124 Virus Virus Badi 125 Vulgar Vulgar Kasar
d. There are some reasons of using loanwords as proposed by Jendra (2012:82).
Most of the reason of borrowing is the unavailability of corresponding item in
Recipient language; besides, the unpopular of the corresponding item also
make the speaker prefer using loanwords. This reason is backgrounded by the
expectation of the speakers tobe easily understood by the listener; and finally
the reason of using corresponding item is to be more prestigious and classier
in front of other people.The reason that can be concluded why unnecessary
loanwords are usually used instead of the corresponding item available in
Indonesian is the fact that the condition of the Talk Show which supposes the
speaker to use communicative and easily understood language. Since the
corresponding item available in Indonesian are not commonly either used or
heard, there is such a worry that they will not be easily understood by
audience. Furthermore the positive attitude of most of Indonesia toward
English also makes such a contribution to the phenomenon of excessively
used Loanwords.
105 5.2. Suggestion
It is not only the duty of the government to keep the continuity of national language, it is also the duty of all citizens of the country. Keeping the continuity of language can be done by using the good, communicative and appropriate language in accordance with the rules of the language.
Using too many loanwords in communication may raise the self confidence of the speaker, but it has opportunity to weaken the strength of the language itself.
The more loanwords used, the more corresponding item will be unpopular and the more language’s words treasury will be extinct.
This thesis is not designed to start extreme campaign to boycott the
Loanwords phenomenon. As it is unavoidable phenomenon. But this thesis may be a reminder about the acute situation faced by Indonesian nowadays to give more awareness to the people about the effect of loanwords. As a good citizen, the proof of loving the motherland can be started by reducing the use of Loanwords, using the corresponding item instead of loanwords will be such a good campaign to make those unpopular corresponding items popular. The more we used them, the more popular it will be.
And as suggestion for those who are interested in sociolinguistics, especially related to Language Contact, Word Borrowing topic has many sides to be discussed.
From the essence of the borrowing, the reason of borrowing, the attitude toward borrowing, and also classification of borrowing Even if it is possible the impact of the contact language (in this case word borrowing) for minor language also will sound great. Along they find the suitable method and also supporting theory it will work.
106 REFERENCES
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107 Sneddon, James. 2003. The Indonesian language: its history and role in modern society. Australia: University of New South Wales Press Ltd
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108 APPENDICES Kick Andy Script Aired on 03rd Oct 2014
Host : jadi kami sampaikan kepada KPK jangan mundur satu langkahpun! Dan lagu bertema kritik tentang perilaku korupsi di Indonesia itu, yang dinyanyikan oleh teman teman Navikula, cocok dengan tamu kita kali ini. Mari kita sambut Abraham Sammad! Yah, selamat malam, terimakasih banyak sudah hadir di acara Kick andy. Silahkan! Pertanyaan pertama…. Saya lihat anda grogi ya? Informan :Bagaimana gak grogi bung andi, Host : Kenapa Informan : Saya lihat bung Andi ini lebih ganteng dari saya, Host : sudah mulai ada persaingan diantara kita. Apakah anda sehat? Informan : Alhamdulillah Host : Jasmani dan rohani? Informan : Alhamdulilah Host : Siap untuk diperiksa selama dua jam? Informan : Lima jampun boleh Host : Pertanyaan pertama, apa yang terjadi pada hidung anda? Informan : he he he Host : Di belakang tadi, Pak Abraham menceritakan sesuatu yang belum pernah saya dengar. Apa yang terjadi pada hidung anda? Informan : Yang ini kan, Tulangnya keluar ya, Bung Andi? Waktu zaman-zaman SMA, saya suka olahraga tinju, di pelipis saya ini, ada pecah sedikit, Host : Apa itu yang membuat anda tidak pernah takut? Informan : Ehhhh…, salah satunya mungkin, tapi kemudian yang lebih membuat saya tidak takut, mungkin sama saja dengan penonton yang ada disini, kalau kita coba mendalami dan memahami agama lebih dalam, pastilah kita yakin bahwa kita hanya boleh takut pada yang Maha Pencipta. Host : baik, sekarang baru pertanyaan benarannya. Informan : Ha ha ha Host : Pak Abraham, KPK baru baru ini mengeluarkan pernyataan yang cukup mengejutkan, dan ditunggu-tunggu. Pernyataan bahwa dalam waktu dekat, KPK akan menangkap seseorang yang sangat kuat, yang untouchable, atau tidak tersentuh oleh hokum. Siapa dia? Informan : Saya kurang tahu persis darimana pernyataan ini, Bung Andi, tapi yang saya ingin katakan bahwa kelima komisioner, kita ada komitmen, bahwa sebelum kita mengakhiri masa kepemimpinan kita berlima, maka kita meminta kepadsa penyidik-penyidik kita yang ada di KPK, untuk mempercepat semua proses hokum terhadap orang-orang yang kita duga, selama ini punya resistensi, yah? Punya kekuatan, baik kekuatan finansial maupun kekuatan kekuasaan, itulah yang kita sebut, mungkin untouchable yah? Kenapa ini kita lakukan, karena kita khawatir bahwa tidak ada jaminan setelah kami berlima selesai, kemudian dilakukan rekruitmen ulang, maka terpilih orang-orang yang sesuai dengan harapan masyarakat. Karena kita tahu bahwa proses seleksi di KPK, berujung pada akhirnya di DPR. Itu yang menjadi kekhawatiran kita. Host : Baik, Anda menyebut orang-orang kuat, artinya lebih dari satu itu yah? Informan : Iya, kira-kira begitu. Host : Di atas sepuluh? Informan : Ahahaha, jadi mungkin susah memprediksi jumlahnya, tapi kita ingin mendorong. Sebenarnya semangat pernyataan itu, Bung Andi, kita ingin mendorong anak-anak Kita yang ada di KPK, untuk segera menuntaskan kasus- kasus yang kemungkinan besar, kasus-kasus ini punya resistensi, karena orang- orang ini punya kekuasaan, punya duit dan lain-lain segalanya. Dan kita khawatir, kalau misalkan kasus-kasus ini tidak terselesaikan di masa periode kita, ini ada masalah,di periore, periode ke depan kalau misalnya yang terpilih orang-orang yang tidak sesuai dengan harapan masyarakat. Itu yang kita khawatirkan sebenarnya. Host : Baik, menarik ya kekhawatiran anda, dan menarik juga untuk terus bertanya tentang siapa orang orang itu, saya belajar dari penyidik-penyidik KPK untuk pantang menyerah, iya, jadi saya akan terus mencari jawaban dari anda. Tapi sebelum itu kita mau menyaksikan sepak terjang anda di KPK, ini dia liputannya. Narator : Menjadi orang nomor satu di KPK, bukanlah jabatan semata bagi Abraham Samad. Baginya ini adalah amanah yang besar yang harus dilaksanakan dengan sebaik-baiknya. Dengan jujur dan berani, Abraham samad melakukan tugasnya sebagai penegak hukum dengan segala resiko yang akan dihadapinya. Menciduk siapapun yang terbukti terlibat dalam korupsi. Sosok Abraham Samad yang tegas dan tak pandang bulu ini, menjadikannya orang yang paling ditakuti oleh para koruptor di negeri ini. Siapapun yang terlibat dalam kasus korupsi, dia akan menjadi garda terdepan yang akan membereskannya. Keberanian pria berumur 40 tahun ini, tak perlu diragukan lagi. Dalam kepemimpinannya, KPK telah menunjukkan taringnya, dengan diungkapnya berbagai kasus besar yang menyeret nama-nama penting di negeri ini.upaya pemberantasan korupsi yang dilakukanAbraham Samad, bukanlah tanpa halangan. Lembaga yang dipimpinnya ini,kerap mengalami perlawanan dari beberapa pihak, namun dukungan masyarakat membuat lembaga ini semakin solid.semangat seorang Abraham Samad untuk memberantas korupsi tak pernah padam sedikitpun,baginya, menjadi ketua KPK berarti harus siap mengorbankan diri, bahkan, dia mengaku telah mewakafkan hidupnya untuk berperang melawan koruptor.) Host : Baik, statement yang kuat mengenai semua orang punya kedudukan yang sama di mata hukum. Ini juga selalu didengungkan oleh banyak pendekar hukum, banyak hakim, pengacara dan sebagainya, tapi kita juga menyaksikan pengkhianatan-pengkhianatan yang terjadi dibidang hokum. Dimana rasa keadilan itu terkoyak-koyak. Anda sebagai ketua KPK, masa kini, atau saat ini, menyebutkan bahwa ada sebagian orang-orang yang selama ini dianggap tidak tersentuh oleh hokum. Saya menebak-nebak, tapi di masyarakat muncul beberapa nama dan ini sudah muncul ke permukaan di media massa. Salah satu nama yang disebut-sebut adalah Edi Baskoro, atau Ibas. Dalam beberapa persidangan namanya disebut-sebut. Sampai disini apakah nama ini termasuk yang tak bias disentuh hukum? Informan : Jadi Bung Andi kalau anda lihat dan mencoba menorah kebelakang, di masa lalu, hampir bias dipastikan tidak perna ada seorang menteri dijadikan tersangka oleh penegak hukum di negeri ini. Dan fakta sekarang menunjukkan bahwa KPK sudah menjadikan tersangka tiga orang menteri aktif, bahkan satu sudah ditahan dan vonisnya sudah selesai. Itulah yang menandakan bahwa KPK tidak pandang bulu. Orang-orang inilah yang maksud saya, dimasa lalu, orang yang tidak kan mungkin disentuh oleh hukum, untouchable, itu yang pertama. Kemudian yang kedua, dimasa lalu, kita tidak pernah menyaksikan, seorang wakil presiden bisa dihadirkan dalam persidangan dan ketika hadir di dalam persidangan, bung Andy bias saksikan sendiri lewat layar televisi, betapa hebatnya jaksa penyidik KPK menghadapi, tanpa keragu-raguan sedikitpun. Inilah sesuatu yang menurut saya luar biasa yang tidak pernah terjadi di negeri ini selama ini. Host : Mungkin gara-gara itu masyarakat berharap lebih lagi. Karena kalau contohnya adalah wakil presiden, dan kasusnya adalah bank Century, maka salah satu yang suka diharapkan dan juga dianggap bagian dari kasus ini adalah presiden. Sampai disini, apakah KPK punya nyali untuk memanggil presiden dan memeriksanya untuk kasus korupsi? Informan : Jadi seperti tadi saya katakan, bahwa KPK bertindak, itu berbasis pada alat bukti. KPK tidak pernah gentar dan tidak pernah memberikan keistimewaan kepada orang-orang tertentu sekalipun orang itu, misalnya menjabat sebagai presiden. Host : Ya, menarik. Saya akan lanjutkan, karena nama yang juga muncul ke permukaan belakangan ini adalah Ibu Megawati Soekarno Putri, dalam kasus BLBI. Orang kemudian bertanya-tanya, apakah Ibu Mega ini termasuk orang yang untouchable? Tapi nanti saya akan tanyakan, kita rehat sejenak, ikuti terus kick andy. Host : Kembali, ke nama-nama atau orang-orang yang dianggap untouchable, tidak tersentuh, yah? Salah satu yang muncul ke permukaan belakangan ini juga ibu Megawati Soekarno Putri dan itu dikaitkan dengan kasus BLBI. Sampai disini apakah ibu Megawati termasuk yang anda anggap untouchable? Informan : Bagi saya ibu Megawati enggak Untouchable, karena ibu Megawati sudah menjadi rakyat biasa Host : Tapi, adakah keinginan atau adakah kebutuhan KPK untuk memeriksa ibu Megawatidalam kasus BLBI? Informan : Seperti tadi saya katakana bahwa KPK selalu berbasis pada alat bukti dan ketika kasus ini terus didalami, dan ada kebutuhan untuk memeriksa ibu Megawati, maka kita akan panggil. Sama sekali tidak ada keragu-raguan, dan tidak ada kendala psikologis. Host : kecenderungannya apa? Informan : Kecenderungannya besar, Host : Sebagai apa diperiksa? Informan : Sebagai saksi, Host : Apa ada kemungkinan meningkat jadi tersangka? Informan : Terserah dari penyidik-penyidik yang ada di KPK. Host :artinya dari temuan ya? Informan : Iya, Host : Bukan terserah dari penyidiknya, tapi temuan yang dihasiilkan Informan : Alat buktinya, Host : Alat buktinya, iya… Menarik, karena ada jga nama-nama yang beredar,tapi tidak muncul ke permukaan atau tidak atau belum dimuat di media massa. Nah, nama- nama ini berkaitan dengan kasus korupsi di minyak dan gas. Selama ini kita sama- sama tahu ada mafia migas,katanya, orang-orang ini adalah aktor utama.sementara yang tertangkap KPK itu hanya Operator.bahkan termasuk Bapak Jero Wajik dianggap bukan aktor utamanya. Sampai disini apakah ada keyakinan yang sama dari KPK? Informan : jadi, pak Jero, kemudian kepala SKK Migas, Rudi,itu adalah awal sebenarnya, bagi KPK untuk membongkar kasus-kasus sumber daya alam kita.utamanya Migas. Jadi, kasus-kasus di sektor sumber daya alam kita, utamanya Migas, ini episodenya masih panjang bung Andy, Host : Episodenya masih panjang? Informan : Masih panjang sekali, ini baru awal. Dua orang ini baru awal. Host : Padahal ini orang-orang hebat. Tapi ini baru awal? Informan : Iya. Baru awal. Host : Artinya, kita sepakat bahwa ada aktor utama yang lebih dahsyat lagi yang ada dibelakang ini semua? Informan : Sebagai seorang penegak hokum, mungkin kurang etis saya menyebutkan itu. Tapi yang ingin saya sampaikan bahwa kasus migas itu, menurut KPK masih awal. Host : Sampai disini, soal kasus-kasus korupsi yang melibatkan orang-orang besar, kasus apa aja, yang menurut anda, nanti akan bermuara pada orang-orang untouchable tadi? Informan : Korupsi di Indonesia inikan, sifatnya massive ya? Terstruktur, sistematis. Oleh karena itu penegak hokum dalam menghadapinya,tidak boleh menggunakan metode pemberantasan korupsi yang konvensional. Yang ortodoks. Kita harus menggunakan cara-cara yang kita sebut progresif.cara-cara yang lebih maju. Karena tidak akan mungkin sebuah kasus korupsi yang massive, dihadapi dnegan cara-cara yang konvensional. Host : KPK ini banyak musuhnya? Informan : Iya, Host : Tentu orang-orang jahat ya? Informan : Ya, Host : Kalau saya kan, berteman dengan anda ya? Informan : Iya-iya Host : Baru-baru ini anggota DPR yang baru dilantik, itu sudah menyuarakan keinginan merevisi undang-undang KPK, karena sepemahaman banyak orang mereka menganggap undang-undang KPK ini, sudah terlalu melindungi KPK, sehingga KPK kelewatan, sudah kebablasan. Sehingga harus diatur, ditertibkan lagi. Nanti akan saya tanyakan, tapi kita rehat sejenak, saya akan segera kembali. Pak Abraham, walaupun baru dilantik, teman-teman anggota DPR terutama dari koalisi merah putih, sudah menyatakan sangat ingin merevisi undang-undang KPK, alasannya macam-macam. Tapi yang dipahami adalah, mereka menganggap kewenangan KPK itu sudah berlebihan, sudah kebablasan, KPK menjadi superbody tidak terkontrol. Apakah anda tahu rencana ini? Informan : Kita menangkap sinyal itu kuat sekali bahwa ada upaya-upaya kea arah sana. Oleh karena itu sebenarnya, KPK ingin melibatkan masyarakat secara luas, oleh karena itu, kalau ingin merevisi undang-undang KPK, kalau ternyata dianggap itu sudah kebablasan, mungkin itu cara pandang orang-orang yang sedang ketakutan, Host : Orang-orang yang sedang ketakutan? Informan : Iya, Host : Mereka baru dilantik sudah ketakutan? Informan : Mungkin saja, karena mungkin dimasa lalu mereka mereka termasuk orang- orang yang jalan hidupnya tidak benar. Jadi Cuma dikasih kesempatan, bisa terpilih jadi anggota DPR dan dengan melakukan moneypolitic sehingga yang bersangkutan bisa terpilih. Host : Dan mulai khawatir? Informan : Mulai khawatir Host : Tapi alasan yang muncul ke permukaan, yang disampaikan mereka, berkali-kali, adalah justru untuk menguatkan KPK, ada kontrol Internal. Sampai disini anda percaya dengan alasan itu? Informan : Saya melihat itu dalil pembenaran ya, jadi sama sekali tujuannya sebenarnya bukan ingin menguatkan, tapi ada niat terselubung… Host : Niat apa itu kira-kira? Informan : Niat terselubung itu sebenarnya ingin mempreteli kewenangan KPK ya, termasuk salah satu misalnya, kewenangan penyadapan dan lain lain sebagainya. Oleh karena itu menurut hemat saya, bahwa orang-orang yang berniat ingin mempreteli kewenangan KPK insya Allah akan berhadapan dengan rakyat, dan pasti tidak mendapat restu dari yang diatas. KPK bekerja sangat didasari oleh aturan- aturan yang ada. Boleh kita Tanya di kementerian informasi, komunikasi bahwa satu satunya lembaga penegak hokum yang paling taat untuk dilakukan audit terhadap fungsi penyadapan itu adalah KPK. Dibandingkan dengan aparat-aparat penegak hokum yang lain. Host : Sekarang, kalau KPK mau menyadap seseorang, perlu minta izin atau tidak? Informan : Tidak perlu. Host : Tapi anda didorong untuk minta izin? Apa akibatnya kalau harus minta izin dulu? Informan : Ada beberapa hal yang bisa terganggu.salah satu contohnya, misalnya, kalau kita ingin menangkap atau melakukan proses hukum terhadap seorang hakim misalnya, lantas kita meminta izin kepada hakim, apa itu mungkin? Saya berpikiran kalau itu dilakukan, maka pastilah proses hukum ini akan bocor. Jadi tidak akan mungkin. Kalau KPK tidak diberikan kewenangan yang luar biasa, maka menurut hemat saya, tidak ada gunanya KPK hadir di negeri ini, karena keberadaan KPK, kalau kita lihat dari substansi undang-undangnya, sebagai sebuah lembaga yang berfungsi menegakkan pemeberantasan korupsi, yang bisa juga mendorong, aparat penegak hukum yang lain sebagai trigle mechanism terhadap kepolisian maupun kejaksaan, oleh karena itu, kewenangan yang diberikan KPK, haruslah bisa lebih dari aparat penegak hukum yang lain sebenarnya. Host : Bagi mereka yang menginginkan KPK ini bubar, selain cara-cara kekerasan, cara-cara yang terlalu vulgar diperlihatkan, ada juga cara-cara yang halus dengan mengatakan bahwa KPK ini sebenarnya lembaga yang dibentuk untuk sementara. Kata-kata atau istilah Addhoc itu mereka artikan sementara. Artinya memang ada waktunya anda harus bubar, Informan : Saya mencoba melihat substansi undang-undang KPK, kemudian membaca risalah pembentukan undang-undang KPK, saya tidak pernah menemukan sepenggal katapun, yang menyebut KPK itu Addhoc, jadi saya tidak tau persis darimana tiba-tiba munculnya kata-kata ini yang menganggap KPK sebagai lembaga addhoc. Belajar dari pengalaman-pengalaman komisi pemberantasan korupsi yang ada di luar, rata-rata lembaga anti korupsi yang ada di luar itu, justru lebih maju, dimasukkan di dalam konstitusi mereka, kalau KPK ini kan tidak dimasukkan dalam konstitusi. Oleh karena itu, menurut hemat saya, kalau Negara ini betul-betul konsen terhadap pemberantasan korupsi dan punya political will untuk membersihkan negeri ini dari koruptor, maka seyogyanya atau idealnya, justru KPK itu masuk di dalam konstitusi Negara kita seperti yang ada di luar. Host : jadi, alasan bahwa KPK ini adalah lembaga sementara itu, anda bisa patahkan itu? Informan : Sama sekali tidak benar tapi saya juga melihat bahwa kalau seandainya, 20 30 tahun, KPK mampu memperbaiki institusi kepolisian dan kejaksaan, karena kita punya peranb inikan trigle mechanism, terus punya peran untuk memperbaiki kementerian lembaga sekaligus aparat penegak hokum dan suatu ketika kepolisian dan kejaksaan dan lembaga-lembaga peradilan itu sudah benar semuanya, tidak terjadi lagi yang namanya mata rantai mafia hokum, mafia peradilan, mungkin tak ada masalah kalau orang menganggap KPK sudah harus dibubarkan. Host : Anggota DPR tersinggung, mereka merasa, mereka tidak layak diperiksa oleh KPK, mereka merasa, merekalah yang justru menyeleksi anggota KPK. Karena itu mereka membuat aturan, ketentuan kalau memeriksa harus minta izin dulu. Informan : Lewat MD3 ya? Host : Sampai distu bagaimana sikap KPK? Informan : Ya, saya mencoba membaca dan memahami substansi aturan itu,ternyata…. Host : Tunggu dulu, anda terus membaca, lalu kapan kerjanya ya? Informan : Maksudnya, Undang-Undang itu, peraturan itu, saya mencoba untuk mencermati, ternyata yang dimaksud disitu, tidak termasuk KPK ya? Tetapi lembaga lembaga penegakan hukum lainnya, seperti kepolisisn maupun kejaksaan, tapi lagi-lagi menurtut saya aturan ini, sama sekali bertujuan ingin membentengi, ya, ingin membentengi dan memberikan hak imunitas terhadap anggota DPR, dan lagi-lagi, ini menurut hemat saya, semangatnya, saemangat yangsangat anti pemberantasan korupsi. Jadi, kalau memang negeri ini, atau pemerintahan ini, atau teman-teman di legislative ingin melihat pemberantasan korupsi ini maju, maka harusnya aturan- aturan seperti ini tidak diberlakukan. Host : Dengan pernyataan seperti ini di Kick Andy, dan didengar oleh teman-teman di DPR, sama dengan anda mengobarkan perang lagi ini kelihatannya. Informan : Sebenarnya gini, tidak ada masalah kita perang terhadap kejahatan korupsi Host : Iya, sebagian orang menganggap, sudahlah, KPK berhenti, kembalikan lagi fungsi kelembagaan penyidikan penyelidikan kepada polisi dan kejaksaan. Sampai disini, apa keberatan anda? Informan : Saya sepakat, tapi dengan catatan,kalau misalnya lembaga kepolisian, kejaksaan serta lembaga peradilannya, itu sudah bebas dari mafia-mafia hukum. Tapi kalau lembaga kepolisian, kejaksaan dan lembaga peradilannya masih seperti sekarang ini, maka saya sangat keberatan. Karena apa yang terjadi nanti adalah masyarakat tidak mungkin menemukan keadilan yang sebenarnya, yang benar adalah orang yang punya duit. Rakyat biasa yang gak punya duit, itu tidak pernah menemukan keadilan, itulah…… Host : Setuju penonton???? Saya setuju. Informan : Dan inilah yang membuat sebenarnya negeri kita terpuruk sampai sekarang ini. Kita punya momentum sebenarnya memperbaiki ketika tahun 98. Ketika awal reformasi. Tapi kelihatannya kita lupa, kita sibuk pada saat itu membenahi struktur perpolitikan kita. Kita lupa membenahi struktur penegakan hokum kita. Host : Berikutnya tentang kegeraman KPK berkaitan dengan pembebasan bersyarat sejumlah koruptor dan pemberian remisi yang dianggap terlalu royal oleh pemerintah. Saya akan Tanya hal ini, tapi sekali lagi kita rehat, saya akan segera kembali. Host : Pak Abraham, yang menarik juga adalah drama yang baru saja kita saksikan di DPR soal pemilihan langsung dan pemilihan lewat DPRD, nah sebagian anggota DPRD berpendapat, pemilihan langsung oleh rakyat, itu menyuburkan korupsi. Korupsi akan meningkat. Sementara saya dengar dari teman-teman KPK sebaliknya, bahwa pemilihan lewat DPRD lah yang punya peluang korupsi lebih besar. Jadi mana yang benar ini? Informan : Berdasarkan analisis kita ya, bahwa kalau kita melihat data dari direktorat jendral otonomi daerah, dari tahun 2004 sampai tahun 2014, anggota DPR, baik yang ada di tingkat kabupaten/kota propinsi dan pusat, yang terjerat korupsi itu sejumlah 3000 lebih dibandingkan dengan bupati, walikota serta gubernur yang terjerat kasus korupsi itu jumlahnya 300 lebih. Oleh karena itu, kalau kita melihat data ini, maka sebenarnya, potensi orang yang melakukan korupsi itu yang jauh lebih besar adalah anggota-anggota DPR. Host :artinya KPK mendukung pemilihan langsung? Informan : Ya, kemudian yang kedua menurut saya, kedaulatan itu ada ditangan rakyat.bukan diwakilkan. Oleh karena itulah kita mendorong, supaya pemilihan walikota, bupati gubernur dan presiden itu harus tetap dijalankan secara langsung mengembalikan….. Host : Faktanya, walaupun sudah berkali-kali kita dengar kepala daerah ditangkap oleh KPk, berkali-kali pula kita melihat kepala daerah tidak takut melakukan korupsi dan ditangkap oleh KPK. Apa yang meyebabkan orang-orang tidak takut untuk korupsi. Informan : Pertama kalau kita bicara korupsi ini, ada dua hal Pak Andy ya, kita harus bicara individu dan system. Ketika kita bicara individu, maka disitu ada namanya moralitas, integritas inilah penyakit rata-rata yang dihinggapi oleh para pejabat kita. Pejabat kita ini, rata-rata menurut saya dijangkiti penyakit serakah ya? tamak Host :itu penyakit itu ya? Informan : Penyakit serakah dan tamak Host : Dan belum ada obatnya? Informan : Belum ada obatnya, pejabat kita ini tamak dan serakah. Kenapa saya katakana tamak dan serakah?sebenarnya kalau kita lihat pendapatan pejabat kita itu, luar biasa walaupun mungkin kalau gaji pokok itu mungkin memang tidak terlalu besar.tapi fasilitas yang diberikan Negara kepada mereka itu luar biasa Host : Plus tunjangan-tunjangan Informan : Tunjangan-tunjangan itu luar biasa. Oleh karena itu, kalau orang-orang ini masih berperilaku atau masih berpikir dan melakukan korupsi, berarti orang ini tamak, ingin hidup berfoya-foya, bermewah-mewahan dijangkit penyakit hedonisgitu ya. Oleh karena itulah sekarang KPK prihatin bung andy, melihat yang terjadi di negeri ini, kita melihat bahwa ternyata ada yang salah di negeri ini. Host : Apa itu yang salah? Informan : Kita melihat bahwa ada perilaku yang mulai jauh menyimpang. Kita melihat bahwa orang-orang yang korupsi itu datang dari keluarga. Bupati yang kita tangkap itu suami-istri. Inikan ada sesuatu yang salah? Kita melihat rakyat kita mulai permisif, skeptic dan apatis. Oleh karena itulah sekarang KPK sedang mengembangkan pendidikan nilai budaya anti-korupsi berbasis keluarga. Kenapa ini kita lakukan? Pertama, kita sangat prihatin, ABG di Kota besar, ini menurut pengamatan kita bung Andy, Host : Anak Baru Gede ini? Informan : Anak Baru Gede, Host : Bukan Angkatan Babe Gue? Informan : Anak Baru gede di kota besar itu tidak lagi menjadikan orangtua mereka menjadi preferensi. Menjadi rujukan nilai. Tapi yang dia jadikan rujukan nilai itu adalah grupnya, ini kan memprihatinkan? Padahalkan seharusnya orangtua itu menjadi pusat rujukan nilai. Itu yang pertama. Kemudian yang kedua, keberadaan orangtua, utamanya Bapak. Ayah itu antara ada dan tiada. Host : Jadi gak enak ini saya Informan : Kenapa saya katakana antara ada dan tiada? Mungkin karena kesibukan sehingga kehadiran orangtua itu sangat minim. Oleh karena itu, orangtua tidak memberikan kontribusi yang cukup signifikan dalam membangun karakter integritas anak-anak mereka dirumah tangga mereka. Oleh karena itu jangan heran kalau generasi muda kita sekarang sudah terjangkiti virus korupsi.saya kasih contoh misalnya, pegawai-pegawai pajak yang ditangkap KPK dan kejaksaan agung itu ada yang umur 29 tahun bung Andy, kalau kita lihat misalnya Nazaruddin, Angelina Sondakh, ini kan anak-anak muda semua? 32 tahun, 35 tahun, oleh karena itu ada yang salah dalam system pendidikan kita. Oleh karena itulah, KPK sekarang, selain melakukan pemberantasan korupsi dengan cara penindakan yang represif, yang tadi saya katakana kita menangkap orang, menahan, itu represif, penindakan yang represif. Kemudian kita mencoba membangun penindakan korupsi dengan pendekatan lain. Yaitu pendekatan pendidikan. Sekarang KPK sudah mulai memasukkan pendidikan anti-korupsi mulai dari level paling bawah. Host : Dimana itu? Informan : Namanya PAUD,Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, kemudian juga kita masukkan kurikulum pendidikan anti-korupsi sampai perguruan tinggi.kenapa ini kita lakukan? Lagi-lagi kita prihatin melihat generasi muda kita. Oleh karena itulah sebenarnya, KPK ini luar biasa bung Andy, masyarakat harus mencintai. Mengapa saya katakana masyarakat harus mencintai KPK? KPK tidak hanya memikirtkan, menangkap dan menahan orang saja tapi,dia memikirkan generasi anak-anak ibu ytang ada di rumah. Host : Tenang… Tenang. Masyarakat sudah pasti mencintai, yang membenci itu penjahat-penjahat. Jadi anda ga usah dibenci. Kalau ada yang membenci anda atau KPK berarti dia penjahat. Bagaimana dengan pernyataaan beberapa orang bahwa korupsi terjadi karena hukuman yang terlalu ringan. Sampai disini anda setuju ga hukuman bagi koruptor ringan? Informan : Ya itu, ada benarnyanya ya? Tidak memberikan getaran efek.efek jera. Tapi saya ingin mengatakan begini, bahwa selama, mulai dari tahun 2011, sejak periode ketiga KPK,kalau Pak Andy mencoba mengamati di pengadilan, rata-rata tuntutan yang diberikan KPK terhadapa terdakwa korupsi itu semua tinggi-tinggi. Tapi kemudian diputus rendah oleh pengadilan. Dan yang memperparah lagi karena kementerian Hukum dan HAM, ini mengobral, mengobral yang namanya remisi dan pembebasan bersyarat. Oleh karena itu, sebenarnya kalau kita ingin memberikan getaran efek terhadp pelaku-pelaku korupsi, criminal justice system kita ini harus dibangun secara bersama-sama. Jadi bukan hanya KPK saja, tapi pengadilan juga harus punya semangat yang sama dengan KPK untuk memvonis dengan hukuman yang tinggi. Kemudian lembaga pemasyarakatannya juga, dibawah kementerian hokum dan HAM, harus punya semangat yang sama dengan KPK untuk tidak memebrikan remisi atau memberikan pembebasan bersyarat. Host : Sebagian besar lembaga sekarang lagi mendorong agar remisi bagi koruptor dihapuskan. Informan : Saya setuju dengan itu. Host : Selain soal hukuman yang ringan,atau dianggap ringan, dinilai ringan, kemudian remisi yang diobral begitu, ada juga keinginan agar koruptor dimiskinkan. Dimiskinkan dengan cara apa? Informan : Seperti yang Bung Andy lihat, penggunaan pasal tindak pidan pencucian uang itukan salah satu upaya-upaya kita memiskinkan karena kita menyita semua asset- asetnya.itu salah satunya. Kejahatan korupsiitu kan kejahatan yang bisa kita sebut What color rhyme ya? Dilakukan orrang-orang yang pintar. Bukan orang-orang yang bodoh. Oleh karena itu dia punya kemampuan menyembunyikan hasil kejahatannya. Oleh karena itu aparat penegak hokum juga, harus punya kemampuan di atas mereka, karena kalau tidak, maka kita akan tertatih-tatih oleh kejahatan yang begitu cepat majunya. Dan alhamdulilah saya melihat bahwa anak- anak di KPK, penyidik di KPK punya kemampuan untuk melacak dan menyelesaikan kasus-kasus yang menurut saya masuk category what color crime itu. Sekali lagi Bung Andy, di KPK itu yang hebat itu bukan Abraham Sammadnya, tapi para penyidik. Host : Wah, berarti selama ini salah saya? Informan : Iya salah…….jadi yang hebat itu anak-anak penyidik kita. Anak-anak kita. Yang punya kemampuan. Host : Mereka yang sudah jengkel, marah dan putus asa bilang sudah koruptor dihukum mati saja. Anda setuju atau tidak? Informan : Ahhh begini, Host : Loh yang saya Tanya beliau, bukan anda! Penonton setuju-setuju aja. Informan : Dalam Undang-Undang kita Bung Andy, sudah diatur Bung Andy, bahwa dimungkinkan hukuman mati kalau misalnya pelaku korupsi itu korupsi pada saat bencana yang besar. Kemudian prasyarat kedua berulang-ulang, Host :Jumlahnya ga diatur ya? Informan : Ga, jadi ada. Sudah dimungkinkan, beda kalau belum ada ya, sudah dimungkinkan, tinggal sekali lagi, good will dari hakim itu. Pengadilan, apa dia punya semangat yang sama untuk memberantas korupsi? Kalau hakimnya, pengadilannya punya semangat yang kuat untuk memberantas korupsi, maka, sudahlah kita ga usah ngomong yang muluk-muluk, kasih hukuman mati, kasih hukuman maksimallah 20 tahun dan tidak diberikan remisi, saya piker orang akan jerah, orang akan tidak berani lagi melakukannya. Host : Baik, ada pekerjaan besar yang menjadi pekerjaan rumah KPK, yaitu membongkar atau mengungkapkan kasus BLBI dan kasus century. Dan anda bersama teman-teman sudah berjanji waktu itu berusaha dalam periode anda, dua kasus besar ini bisa terungkap. Saya akan tanyakan itu, kita rehat, ikuti terus Kick Andy. Host : Yah, Pak Abraham, merinding kita mendengarnya ya? Ungkapan, perasaan seorang Taufik Ismail itu seakan-akan mewakili ungkapan perasaan berjuta-juta rakyat Indonesia saat ini,apa komentar anda terhadap puisi tadi? Informan : Puisi Pak Taufik ini kan kalau saya lihat kegelisahan ya? Kegelisahan rakyat Indonesia, karena kita melihat bahwa ternyata ini kita punya Tuhan baru. Tuhan baru yang kita sembah itu adalah hal yang sifatnya sangat materialistic. Kita lupa tentang ketauladanan, kesederhanaan ini yang hilang di negeri ini. Kenapa Indonesia jadi seperti sekarang ini, karena salah satu, menurut saya, ada pengaruh dengan arus globalisasi, transformasi yang begitu kencang, tapi kita sendiri kehilangan filter. Host : Belum siap? Informan : Belum siap, iya. Kita kehilangan filter, sehingga dengan mudahnya masuk ke diri kita, hal-hal yang buruk. Ini yang KPK ingin mencoba mengembalikan lewat yang tadi, pertama, pendidikan formal yang kita coba masukkan, kemudian pendidikan nilai berbasis keluarga, jadi kita coba mengembangkan pendidikan nilai anti-korupsi berbasis keluarga. Karena kita melihat generasi muda kita ini mengalami disorientasi. Mengapa saya katakana mengalami disorientasi, generasi muda kita ini, kehilangan panutan, ketelaudanan, kita merubah paradigfma dia menjadi paradigm yang disorientasi, keliru. Contohnya misalnya Bung Andy, ketika kita memberikan rujukan contoh, ketauladanan kepada generasi muda kita, misalnya contoh yang sederhana, misalnya kita menunjuk bilang,orang yang sukses, maka yang kita tunjuk adalah orang yang sukses dalam segi financial. Akhirnya apa? Ketika dia menggeluti sebuahh profesi, maka pertama-tama yang akan dia pikirkan bahwa saya harus kaya. Saya harus mengumpulkan banyak duit. Dari profesi saya ini. Host : Dengan cara apapun? Informan : Dengan cara apapun juga, supaya saya bisa mendapat pengakuan, bahwa saya sukses. Ini berbahaya sekali.. Host : Nah yang mau saya Tanya soal kasus bank Century dan kasus BLBI, tapI kelihatannya ini lebih menarik, karena ini lebih memberikan mamfaat bagi banyak orang. tapi karena saya sudah terlanjur tulis, saya akan tetap tanyakan. Informan : Iya, Host : Kasus century, ini ada ujungnya atau tidak? Kalau tidak sudah katakan tidak, kita selesai. Informan : Kasus ini kan kita masih terus ya, sekarang misalnya sudah ada yang divonis si Pak Budi Mulya. Kemudian mungkin ada orang-orang yang disebutkan.bahwa orang-orang ini turut bertanggung jawab, tapi kan kita tidak bisa langsung menindaklanjuti karena kita harus tunggu putusannya ingkra dulu. Agar supaya dia berkekuatan hukum tetap itulah yang menjadi bukti kita. Untuk orang-orang ini nanti kita ajukan kembali, jadi gitu mekanismenya. Host : Tapi terlalu lama, orang-orang sudah mulai pesimistis, bahwa kpk di era anda ini akan mampu mengungkapkan. Anda dulu berjanji, di era andalah kasus ini akan terungkap. Informan : Ah begini, janji kita kanb begini, bahwa kasus century ini akan kita bawa ke pengadilan, dan itu terbukti kan kita bawa ke pengadilan, selama ini ga dibawa ke pengadilan. Masalah, misalnya dia mengalami waktu panjang, itu bukan lagi masalah di KPK, karena itu ada proses hokum yang lain. Host : Tapi anda yakin kasus century akan lebih banyak terungkap atau siapa yang bersalah akan terungkap atau anda mulai ragu juga ini? Informan : Insya Allah saya tetap yakin walaupun mungkin waktu agak susah memprediksi, karena ini menyangkut dengan pengadilan yang lainnya. Kita harus menunggu putusan yang berkekuatan hukum tetap ingkra. Baru kita tindak lanjuti orang- orang yang terkait. Karena begitu mekanismenya. Begitu aturan hukumnya. Host : jadi anda tidak bisa didorong-dorong untuk sekedar mengungkapkan kalau bukti-buktinya tidak mendukung atau kurang kuat. Informan : jadi begini, pemberantasan korupsi itu bukan target ya, kita tidak boleh menarget seseorang karena kebencian, karena dendam kita kepada seseorang, tapi harus berbasis pada alat bukti itu yang pertama. Kemudian Yang kedua, kita juga tidak bisa diintervensi, kan gitu? Karena lagi-lagi dia harus berbasis pada bukti-bukti dan fakta-fakta. Tapi yang ingin saya yakinkan Pak Andy, yakinlah bahwa seluruh kasus-kasus yang sedang didalami oleh KPK itu akan bermuara di pengadilan, itu yang bisa saya yakinkan. Waktunya mungkin, inilah yang jadi persoalan, kenapa jadi persoalan karena bukan Cuma KPK yang ada disitu, ada pengadilan. Yang kedua, dengan juml;ah penyidik yang kurang lebih 80 orang Bung Andy, ditambah dengan luasnya wilayah kita yang terdiri dari 33 provinsi ratusan kabupaten/kota, impossible untuk bisa memberantas korup, ga bisa itu. Tapi lagi- lagi saya katakan bahwa ini tidak boleh kita jadikan dalil untuk tidak bekerja secara maksimal. Tapi ini justru kita jadikan tantangan,agar supaya kita bisa berbuat, bahwa didalam kelemahan-kelemahan, didalam keterbatasan kita, kita harus mampu keluar dari keterbatasan itu. Itulah yang harus kita lakukan. Host : Baik, terakhir tolong jelasin seberapa jauh kami rakyat bisa berharap kasus BLBI ini, atau Bantuan Liquiditas Bank Indonesia ini bisa juga selesai. informan : Saya yakini, BLBI inikan dalam tahap penyelidikan. Mungkin dalam tempo yang tidak lama lagi teman-teman penyidik di KPK akan menaikkan status ke penyidikan, kalau dia sudah naik ke status penyidikan,Bung Andy, itu berati tidak lama lagi kita akan mendengar siapa tersangkanya.kan begitu? Host :Siapa kira-kira? Informan :saya tidak tahu, karena itu urusan penyidik Host : sulit untuk anda untuk mengungkapkan terlalu premature, saya hargtai itu walaupun jengkel juga. Banyak pendapat tentang KPK maupun anda pribadi, kami mencoba menemui beberapa orang, untuk meminta komentar dan pendapat mereka tenmtang Abraham Samad. Mari kita dengarkan komentar mereka. Kalau wanita rata-rata bilang kumis dan jenggot anda seksi, mulai besok saya akan meniru gaya anda. Dalam beberapa kesempatan anda mengatakan bahwa anda sudah mewakafkan diri anda untuk KPK. Pengertiannya apa itu? Informan : Artinya, bahwa tugas di KPK itu semata-mata adalah pengabdian, kemudian makna dari wakaf adalah tidak ada lagi yang tersisa dari diri kita untuk KPK, semua kita sudah serahkan untuk KPK, hidup mati kita sudah serahkan. Host : Termasuk nyawapun kalau perlu? Informan : Iya, nyawa, hidup matipun kita serahkan. Jadi, kalau saya melihat, mungkin, kalau kita mengandaikan ya? Kalau orang yang bekerja di KPK itu ibaratnya dia diberi sebuah pedang, pedang yang sangat tajam, kemudian dia diingatkan oleh Tuhan, bahwa pedang ini saya berikan kepada anda, dan saya persilahkan anda untuk menggunakan pedang ini untuk menebas para koruptor yang ada di negeri anda. Jangan sekali-sekali anda ragu menggunakan pedang itu, karena pedang itu memang diperuntukkan untuk menebas para koruptor. Tapi sekaligus saya member catatan kepada anda, dikatakannya bahwa pedanng ini sangat tajam. Oleh karena itu, berhati-hatilah menggunakan, jangan sampai pedang yang setajam ini mengenai orang-orang yang tidak bersalah sedikitpun, apa makna dari itu? Bahwa kita harus prudent, berhati hati, ketika kita menetapkan orang sebagai tersangka. Kita harus pastikan bahwa orang-orang yang kita tetapkan sebagai tersangka itu telah memenuhi alat-alat bukti. Itu yang dimaksud sebenarnya. Host : Anda dan teman-teman pernah mendapat ancaman? Informan : Kalau itu, ancaman, serangan macam-macam sifatnya, psikis dan lain-lain itu sudah menjadi sarapan pagi teman-teman di KPK. Host : Enak ga sarapan pagi itu? Informan : Kenapa saya katakann sarapan pagi, karena setiap paginya ancaman itu datang bagi seluruh yang bekerja di KPK, bukan saya saja, tapi penyidik-penyidik juga mengalami itu, jadi saking tiap harinya, maka ini juga yang buat kita jadi imun. Host : Tapi omong-omong, KPK sendiri, keselamatannya dijaga atau biasa-biasa aja? Ada pengamanan khusus ga? Informan : Pengamanan yang diberikan Negara itu adalah pengamanan yang sangat minimalis menurut saya. Host : Anda dan teman-teman di KPK dibekali senjata api ga? Informan : Ehhh, dipersiapkan ya, maksudnya disediakan Host : Anda pernah pakai pistol ga? Informan : Ga, reata-rata pimpinan KPK sekarang ini, jilid tiga, itu tidak mengambil Host : Kenapa anda tidak mau, anda kan terancam? Informan : Saya tak tau persis apa pertimbangan teman-teman ga mengambil, saya pun tak mengambil. Tapii mungkin, lebih kepada bahwa seperti yang tadi saya katakana, kita sudah mempercayakan seratus persen, bahwa nyawa seseorang itu akan dicabut oleh yang maha kuasa, bukan oleh manusia, kita yakini itu. Oileh karena itulah, perlindungan itu juga kita mintakan juga kepada yang di atas. Bukan kepada Negara. Host : Kita tahu, di Indonesia pun, ada hakim yang ditembak, ada pengusaha dalam persaingan bisnis, ditembak, mati juga semua. Jadi, artinya kemungkinan ditembak itu ada. Bukan tidak ada di negeri ini, tapi, okelah anggap saja anda tidak takut pada ancaman seperti itu. Tapi ada ancaman pembunuhan lain yang lebih canggih, yaitu melalui santet, sampai disini anda takut tidak disantet? Informan : Ada satu hal yang saya yakini bung Andy, bahwa di agama manapun, itu sudah nyata-nyata dijelaskan bahwa makhluk yang paling mulia yang pernah diciptakan Tuhan itu adalah manusia. Oleh karena itu, makhluk lain diluar manusia itu bukan makhluk mulia, oleh karena itu kalau makhluk lain bukan makhluk mulia dia tidak akan mungkin mampu membunuh atau menyakiti orang yang lebih mulia darinya. Host : Baik, lepas dari resiko mau ditembak, mau dibacok atau mau disantet, untuk membunuh orang-orang KPK oleh mereka yang tidak suka. Karena lawan-lawan anda ini adalah orang-orang yang kuat secara finansial, kekuasaan, mereka bisa lakukan apa saja. Dengan resiko itu, atau semua resiko itu, berapa sih gaji KPK ini? Informan : Cukup untuk makan dan lain-lain sebagainya. Host : Ada yang bilang pas-pasaan. Pas mau beli mobil ada, pas mau beli rumah ada, pas mau apa saja ada. Cukup itu berapa? Informan : Ahhh, menurut saya tidak menderita, Host :Tidak menderita itu berapa? Informan : Artinya semua kebutuhan pokok kita sudah terpenuhi, jika kita orang yang hidup dalam batas-batas yang sederhana. Host : Itu semua berapa? Informan : Dan saya pikir bahwa masyarakat, seluruh yang ada di republic ini harus diajak untuk hidup sederhana Host : Tunggu dulu anda mengerti pertanyaan saya atau tidak? Saya sedfang bertanya tentang angka. Anda jawabnya ngalor ngidul, sebenarnya beliau hanya main-main karena angka dan gaji KPK itu mudah dilihat, tinggal buka, browsing, semua data sudah ada. Saya punya angkanya. Dengan gaji seperti itu, dan resiko sebesar itu, apakah anda menganggap ini pantas? Informan : Ahhh, ini kan relative bung Andy ya? Gaji, nilai itu sangat relative, tapi lagi-lagi yang ingin saya katakana bahwa mungkin pimpinan KPK ini orientasi hidupnya adalah orientasi hidupn yang biasa-biasa saja. Yang sederhana, sehingga kita menganggap gaji yang kita diberikan Negara itu sudah pantas. Karena ini soal orientasi hidup sebenarnya. Host : Pak Abraham, dulu Ibu anda ingin anda menjadi Birokrat, tapi anda lebih tertarik untuk masuk menggeluti bidang hokum, jadi pengacara. Bisa cerita kenapa anda bisa durhaka terhadapa ibu? Informan : Iya, saya melihat begini ya Bung Andy, bahwa pada saat itu saya melihat bahwa pekerjaan bitrorat itu terlalu monoton, tidak ada tantangan bagi saya, saya suka pekerjaan yang penuh tantangan dan bermakna. Host : Jadi itu alasan anda ya? Nah untuk menjadi pengacara pada waktu itu, anda katanya mengidolakan Pak Baharudin Lopah, dan anda kemudian ingin jadi pengacara. Belum katanya anda memutuskan, anda katanya bertemu dengan pak baharudin? Informan : Iya, saya masih ingat pada waktu itu bapak baharudin jadi dirjen lembaga pemasyarakatan, saya bertemu di rumah jabatan beliau itu di pondok bambu, diperumahan disitu, sore hari, beliau pakai sarung. Dan kebetulan saya cukup akrab, karena waktu dinas, beliau yang ngajar saya Host : Oh anda muridnya ya? Informan : Iya, dosen, jadi saya cukup akrab, cukup dekat. Jadi ketika saya sampaikan keinginan saya, dia sempat tertegun, kemudian dia member saya wejangan. Dia bilang, boleh anda jadi seorang pengacara, boleh anda jadi seorang penegak hokum, asalkan anda menjadi pengacara, bukan pengacara perampok atau penjahat. Dia ngomong begitu pada saya. Saya bertanya apa yang dimaksud dengan pengacara penjahat, dia bilang janganlahj anda jadi pengacara yang memperjualbelikan kebenaran hanya untuk mengejar materi semata. Host : Itu pesan Pak Lopa waktu itu? Informan : Iya, Host : Selain mengidolakn pak Lopa ya, beliau juga mantan jaksa agung, bukan bermaksud menakut-nakuti anda ini. Pak Lopa, karean lurusnya beliau, semasa hidup banyak juga dimusuhi orang, sehingga ketika beliau meninggal mendadak, spekulasi atau rumor yang beredar beliau itu diracun. Saya tentu tidakmendoakan anda seperti itu,tapi adakah sebagai ketua KPK, anda mengantisipasi kemungkinan anda, bukan berarti pak Lopa diracun ya?, anda diracun? Informan : Sebagai manusia biasa, pertama-tama kita harus punya ikhtiar, kemudian berserah diri kepada yang di Atas, ikhtiar kita itu, itulah bagian dari mengantisipasi. Host : Apa yang dilakukan, apa yang dilakukan, ada protapnya ga? Bagi anda yang saya kasih minum tadi, anda minum tanpa cek dan ricek, kalau tadi saya suntik racun anda sudah tergelatak disini. Informan : Saya pernah berdiskusi banyak dengan tokoh-tokoh agama, ada pesan yang bisa saya petik dari diskusi saya dengan berbagai macam tokoh agama yang nonformal, apa yang mereka katakana pada saya, bahwa kalau kita berjuang di jalan yang benar, maka percayalah kita selalu mendapat perlindungan dari Allah SWT. Saya Tanya apa makna dari itu. Maka yakinlah setiap tindak tanduk anda selalu dalam perlindungan, oleh karena itu tadi, misalnya kalau ini racun, kalau anda berjalan di jalan yang benar, dan ketika anda mau meminum minuman ini, anda, kalau sebagai umat muslim, pakai bismilah, yah biasa, percayalah Tuhan akan melindungi minum ini akan berubah menjadi bukan racun. Mungkin saja tadi racun yang diberikan, tapi… Host : Enggaklahh, anda jangan menuduh begitu, saya kan bercanda anda serius sekali. Informan : Maksud saya begini, percayalah orang yang berjalan di jalan yang benar itu akan mendapat perlindungan dari yang di atas. Oleh karena itu, kalau saja ada orang yang berniat jahat, misalnya memasukkan racun itu ke dalam minuman anda, tapi anda yakin betul anda berjuang di jalan yang benar, maka ketika anda minum, maka racun itu akan berubah jadi madu.1.06.37 Host : saya ingin tahu, anda lahir dari keluarga seperti apa? Informan : Ya, Bapak saya tentara ya, tapi tentara jaman dulu, 45, jadi bapak saya dikuburkan di taman makam pahlawan,di Makassar, ibu saya wanita biasa. Jadi bapak saya meninggal ketika saya masih kecil, jadi saya memang dibesarkan di dalam keluarga pejuang. Kakek saya pun demikian, juga mati ditembak oleh Belanda. Jadi saya hidup dalam keluarga pejuang. Host :Nilai-nilai apa yang diwariskan oleh orang tua anda kepada anda? Informan :Mungkin nilai-nilai kedisiplinan ya, itu yang pertama, kemudian, kedua, ibu sayamendidik saya secara ketat terhadapa apa yang boleh kita miliki dan apa yang tidak boleh kita miliki. Jadi ada pesan ibu saya bahwa janganlah sekali-sekali kamu mengambil barang yang bukan milik kamu walaupun barang itu sama sekali tidak berharga. Itu pesan ibu saya. Host :Baik, ada baiknya kita ikuti dulu perjalanan hidup Abraham Sammad. Ini dia liputannya. Narator: (Abraham Samade, lahir 27 November 1966 di Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan. Pria yang memiliki nama kecil Openg ini, mengaku sejak kecil dididik untuk selalu jujur oleh sang Ibu. Nilai inilah yang kemudian ia tanamkan dalam dirinya hingga dewasa. Tahun 1980, setelah menyelesaikan pendidikan dasar, Abraham Samad melanjutkan ke Sekolah Menengah Pertama Nasional Makassar. Di masa ini, Abraham tumbuh menjadi pribadi yang sangat kritis. Lulus sekolah menengah atas, Abraham kemudian melanjutkan pendidikannya di Universitas Hasanuddin Makassar. Dengan memilih Fakultas Ilmu Hukum yang merupakan cita-citanya sejak kecil. Hingga meraih gelar Doktor di tahun 2010. Semasa kuliah, Abraham dikenal sangat aktif berorganisasi. Dia bahkan pernah menjabat sebagai ketua senat mahasiswa dan presiden badan eksekutif mahasiswa Universitas Hasanuddin Makassar. Abraham kemudian memutuskan menekuni profesi Advokat karena termotivasi oleh sosok idolanya, yaitu Baharudin Loba. Yang dikenal kredibel dan tak pandang bulu dalam menyelesaikan kasus hokum. Ia kemudian menjadi penggagas dan coordinator lembaga suadaya masyarakat anti corruption committee atau ACC Sulawesi Selatan. Selama menjalani profesinya, Abraham banyak membongkar kasus-kasus korupsi di tanah kelahirannya ini. tidak hanya itu, dia jugta melakukan kegiatan pembelaan kepada masyarakat kecil. Dengan kejujuran dan ketegasannya ditahun 2011, Abraham terpilih sebagai ketua KPK termuda periode jabatan 2011 hingga 2015) Host :Anda dulu waktu kecil dipanggil Openg? Informan :Iya Host :Kenapa dipanggil Openg? Informan :Itu karena November ya, saya lahir bulan November. Oranng Makassar kalau ngomong itu suka kelebihan. Host :Dikang, gitu? Informan :Iya begitu. Host :Anda senang ga dengan panggilan Openg? Informan :Suka sekali. Host :Waktu kuliah Anda termasuk mahasiswa cerdas atau biasa-biasa saja? Informan :Biasa-biasa saja. Host :Jujur ya? Informan :Iya, biasa-biasa saja. Jujur itu hebat! Host :Iya… ketika Anda akhirnya mencalonkan diri masuk ke KPK, apakah seizing istri? Informan :Bukan sekedar izin, tapi istri saya cukup punya kontribusi, mendorong saya secara moral ya, Host :Oh jadi istri anda mendorong? Informan :Iya, karena mungkin istri saya juga sama dengan saya. Anak tentara, jadi terbiasa hidup dengan hidup yang biasa-biasa saja. Yah, penuh perjuangan mungkin. Host : Tantangan, karena kan, harusnya resiko soal anda tadi mau dibunuh, tadi resiko ancam macam-macamlah.termasuk itu kan akan menjadi penderitaan istri nanti? Itu sudah dibicarakan sejak awal? Informan : Jadi, kita menghadapi ancaman resiko itu, bukan saat di KPK saja, tapi dari dulu, dari sejak di Makassar, saya kan termasuk pengacara yang vocal. Host : Dan anda aktivis ya? Informan :Iya, aktivis. Jadi serangan-serangan sudah banyak. Host :Sebagai ketua KPK, anda kan tidak bebas. Termasuk bebas untuk menerima pemberian-pemberian. Kalau boleh tahu, pemberian apa yang tidak boleh, atau batas pemberian apa yang tidak boleh? Informan : Semua pemberian disyaratkan untuk tidak diterima, kecuali mungkin cenderamata misalnya kalau saya berkunjung. Ada acara terus dikasih buku gitu ya, cendera mata, atau buku atau souvenir atau lambing kalau disini misalnya metro, itu boleh diterima. Tapi kita tidak boleh terima honor. Kode etik, code of conductnya itu kita itu ketat. Sangat ketat. Host :Akibat ketatnya aturan main atau kode etik yang dianut oleh teman-teman di KPK,saya dengar bahkan kalau ada penugasan, anda tidak boleh, mungkin tidak mau membawa istri ikut serta? Informan : Iya, jadi saya kasih contoh yang sangat rijit di KPK itu, misalnya suatu ketika saya ditugaskan ke Bali gitu, ada ceramah di sana. Terus, kebetulan acaranya hari Sabtu, maka saya berpikiran misalnya membawa istri saya, Host :Iya, Informan : Karena hari sabtu dan tempat wisata. Saya tahu betul bahwa yang dibiayai oleh kantor hanya diri saya, istri saya tidak. Oleh karena itu saya tetap membelikan tiket istri saya, karena uang pribadi saya tak boleh dibayarkan, jadi saya menyadari itu sehingga saya membelikan tiket istri saya. Saya bawalah istri saya misalnya. Host :Oke, tiket… Informan :Tapi setibanya saya di Bali, karena kan tadi saya dibiayai kantor, hotel saya dibiayai kantor. Kalau misalkan hotel yang dibiayai kantor, saya masukkan istri saya ke dalam itu pelanggaran berat. Host : Jadi istri tidak boleh satu kamar dengan anda? Informan : Tidak boleh, jalan keluarnya bagaimana bung andy, saya harus mengambil kamar lain, membayar pakai uang pribadi saya, saya pindah ke kamar itu bersama istri saya. Oleh karena itulah, KPK sebenarnya dibuat sebagai role model, bagi kementerian dan lembaga yang ada di Indonesia. kita menjadi model, saya tidak yakin kalau di tempat lain juga seperti itu, tapi kita harus menjadi contoh. Host : Anda mengatakan, kalau masa pperiode ini selesai, anda tidak ingin mencalonkan lagi. Itu anda serius? Informan : Saya berharap akan muncul generasi-generasi baru, generasi-generasi pemberantas korupsi yang baru yang anak-anak muda nati yang coba mewarisi kita, karena kalau misalkan itu tidak tumbuh, saya khawatir para generasi-generasi pemberantas korupsi itu akan sedikit di negeri ini. Padahal kan kita butuh banyak orang-orang seperti itu, karena negeri kita begitu luas Host :Lalu anda, ngapain kalau tidak lagi mau mencalonkan diri sebagai pejabat KPK? Informan :saya pulang ke kampong saya dan mengajar. Host :pulang kampong dan mengajar? Informan :iya, Host :tapi saya dengar, anda pernah mengatakan juga siap untuk mencalonkan diri menjadi presiden pada pemilihan 2019 nanti? Informan : jawaban saya itu terlontar gara-gara ada pertanyaan, jadi sebagai guyon, wartawan itu bertanya kepada saya,Pak Abraham, apakah anda bersedia jadi menteri? Saya bilang, KPK itu selevel dengan menteri, bahkan kalau dilihat, kewenangan KPK jauh lebih tinggi dari menteri, contohnya bisa nangkap menteri, bahkan bisa nangkap wakil presiden dan presiden kalau wakil presiden dan presidennya bersalah, bisa loh, itu kewenangan itu ada. Host : Menangkap host acara televise gitu? Informan :oh, gak berani saya, Host : Jangan yah, Informan : Saya gak Berani, Host :itulah konteksnya, Informan :iya, itulah konteksnya, jadi saya bilang, yah bagaimana lagi mau jadi menteri kalau kita punya kewenangan begitu besar. Terkecuali kalau misalnya kita ini diberikan kesempatan untuk memperbaiki negeri ini, jadi presiden pun boleh, saya bilang. Begitu. Konteksnya sambil guyon-guyon. Host :tapi kalau akhirnya ada yang mengajukan anda untuk calon presiden? Informan : saya piker masih banyak orang-orang di republik ini yang lebih pantas, nanti saya menjadi orang yang terakhir ketika tidak ada yang bisa jadi presiden, Host :pertanyaan terakhir, apa harapan anda untuk KPK mendatang? Informan :saya berharap, KPK ini mempunyai infrastruktur yang kuat dan lebih besar, cita- cita saya KPK itu bisa hadir di setiap provinsi minimal, agar supaya pemberantasan korupsi di daerah-daerah yang begitu parah itu bisa terakomodir kedepannya. Pemer8intah, pemerintahan baru yang kita harap dan legislative baru yang kita harap punya political will, punya good will untuk merealisasikan keinginan itu, agar supaya pemeberantasan korupsi ini bisa terasa, kalau kita tidak memperbesar KPK, maka pemberantasan korupsi ini nanti ada kesan itu cumja berada di pusat, di Jakarta saja. Tapi kita tidak bisa menjangkau sampai ke daerah- daerah. Sebenarnya itu cita-cita besar KPK, kemudian, cita-cita yang lain, KPK ini sekarang kan, seperti tadi saya katakana lagi mengembangkan system pendidikan anak usia dini yang kita sebut PAUD, kenapa anak usia dini ini mulai kita didik? Kita mulai membentu, kita ingin membentuk karakter anak didik ini… Host : sejak dini? Informan : sejak dini yang dua tahun ini, karena kita berharap suatu ketika dia akan menggantikan generasi yang ada sekarang ini. Kan datang dia menggantikan peran, peran menjadi generasi baru, ketika dia tumbuh menjadi generasi baru, kita sudah umur seratus tahun mungkin Bung Andy pada saat itu. Kalau kita bertanya kepada generasi baru ini, mereka yang tadi TK ini, “apakah kamu, ditempat kamu masih ada korupsi?” Maka dia terkaget mendengar kata-kata itu, terkesima dia, dia bahkan justru melontarkan pertanyaan balik kepada kita, dia bertanya, “apa korupsi itu?” apakah itu binatang purba? Kalau dia sudah melontarkan pertanyaan itu, berarti kehidupan mereka sudah tidak ada korupsi. Host : Terimakasih, Pak Abraham, semoga harapan anda terwujud. Dan sebagaimana biasa, ada satu buku yang cocok dengan topic kali ini. The Heart of Change, dan ini akan saya berikan satu-satu kepada anda semua. Bagi anda yang di rumah. Anda juga punya kesempatan untuk mendapatkan buku ini melalui undian di website kickandy.com. diakhir acara ini kami punya kenang-kenangan khusu untuk anda, mudah-mudahan ini tidak masuk dalam gratifikasi. Karena sifatnya tidak bisa dijual-belikan lagi. Ini berupa karikatur, anda ga boleh lihat dulu, dan ini boleh dilihat oleh penonton dulu. Cocok? Kita kasih? Baru anda boleh lihat.seorang Abraham, berpakaian cowboy dengan tulisan KPK, menangkap tikus-tikus, tapi masih ada upaya untuk meloloskan tikus-tikus. Itu PR buat anda, Informan :insyaallah