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Caractérisation Du Parc De Véhicules Légers

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Caractérisation Du Parc De Véhicules Légers CARACTÉRISATION DU PARC DE VÉHICULES LÉGERS IMMATRICULÉS AU QUÉBEC EN 2003, 2004 ET 2005 En termes d’efficacité énergétique et d’émissions de gaz à effet de serre aee.gouv.qc.ca Philippe Barla, Nathalie Boucher, Guillaume Desrosiers Centre de données et d’analyse sur les transports (CDAT),Université Laval Réalisé pour le compte du ministère des Transports du Québec et de l’Agence de l’efficacité énergétique Février 2008 La présente étude a été réalisée à la demande du ministère des Transports du Québec (MTQ) et de l’Agence de l’efficacité énergétique (AEE). Elle a été financée en parts égales par la Direction de la recherche et de l’environnement du MTQ et la Direction générale des secteurs de l’innovation technologique, du transport et du développement de l’industrie de l’AEE. Les opinions exprimées dans ce rapport n’engagent que la responsabilité de leurs auteurs et ne reflètent pas nécessairement les positions du MTQ ni celles de l’AEE. Collaborateurs Martin Hotte, Direction de la recherche et de l’environnement, MTQ www.mtq.gouv.qc.ca Jonathan Watters, AEE www.aee.gouv.qc.ca © Gouvernement du Québec Dépôt légal – 3e trimestre 2010 Bibliothèque nationale du Québec ISBN : 978-2-550-60105-0 N˚ de publication : AEE-10-09-20 124 Caractérisation du parc de véhicules légers immatriculés au Québec en 2003, 2004 et 2005 en termes d’efficacité énergétique et d’émissions de gaz à effet de serre remerciements Nous tenons à remercier les personnes suivantes qui ont contribué à l’avancement de ce projet de recherche : M. Luc Bissonnette, professionnel de recherche au Centre de données et d’analyse sur les transports (CDAT), pour sa participation au traitement préliminaire des données de la Société de l’assurance automobile du Québec (SAAQ) et de l’information complémentaire provenant du Guide de consommation de carburant de Ressources naturelles Canada (RNCan) ainsi que pour sa contribution à la programmation en vue de la fusion de cette information avec les données de la SAAQ. M. Luis F. Miranda-Moreno, chercheur postdoctoral au CDAT, pour son assistance technique lors du transfert et de la construction de la base de données en format AccessTM. MM. Érik Brunet, Steve Akehurst et Yves Madore, tous trois employés de RNCan, pour les démarches entreprises afin d’autoriser l’utilisation des données du Guide de consommation de carburant en vue de la réalisation de ce projet et pour leurs réponses à nos questions concernant ces données. MM. Jody Safford et Greg Tzwaska, employés de la compagnie ESP Data Solutions Inc. pour leur excellente collaboration tout au long du processus de décodage des numéros d’identification des véhicules légers compris dans les dossiers d’immatriculation de la SAAQ pour 2003, 2004 et 2005. Mme Monika Rostkowska de Transports Canada dont l’assistance nous a permis de comprendre les distinctions entre les taux de consommation de carburant rapportés dans les guides de consommation de carburant canadiens et américains. Nos collaborateurs, MM. Martin Hotte et Jonathan Watters, qui sont respectivement les personnes en charge du projet de recherche au ministère des Transports du Québec (MTQ) et à l’Agence de l’efficacité énergétique (AEE) du Québec, pour leur participation et leur contribution respectives tout au long du déroulement de ce projet. Enfin, M. Pierre Fournier du MTQ, M. Douglas Labelle de l’AEE et meM Christine Lemieux du ministère du Développement durable, de l’Environnement et des Parcs pour leur participation aux réunions de travail et leurs commentaires qui ont servi à bonifier la démarche opérationnelle employée dans le cadre de ce projet de recherche. TABLE DES matiÈRES SOMMAIRE ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 4 glossaire ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 5 1. INTRODUCTION ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 7 2. PROBLÉMATIQUE ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 9 3. MÉTHODOLOGIE ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................11 3.1 Traitement préliminaire de la base de données complète de la SAAQ .................................................................................................................12 3.2 Décodage des numéros d’identification des véhicules par ESP Data Solutions Inc. ........................................................................................12 3.3 Arrimage des données décodées par ESP aux données de la SAAQ .....................................................................................................................12 3.4 Validation et traitement préliminaire des données combinées de la SAAQ et de ESP ...................................................................................13 3.5 Traitement des données du Guide de consommation de carburant de Ressources naturelles Canada .................................................14 3.6 Traitement des données du Fuel Economy Guide de l’Environmental Protection Agency ...........................................................................15 3.7 Assignation automatique des milles par gallon de l’Environmental Protection Agency .............................................................................16 3.8 Fusion automatique des taux de consommation de carburant de Ressources naturelles Canada ...........................................................17 3.9 Fusion automatique des classes de véhicules .................................................................................................................................................................19 3.10 Calcul des émissions moyennes de gaz à effet de serre ..............................................................................................................................................20 3.11 Uniformisation de certains champs .....................................................................................................................................................................................21 3.12 Découpage de la base de données suivant les années d’immatriculation ..........................................................................................................22 3.13 Transfert de la base de données en format AccessTM ....................................................................................................................................................22 4. ANALYSE DES RÉSULTATS .......................................................................................................................................................................................................25 4.1 Résultats de la fusion automatique des taux de consommation de carburant ................................................................................................26 4.2 Résultats de la fusion automatique des classes de véhicules ...................................................................................................................................26 4.3 Analyse des résultats et amélioration des taux de succès .........................................................................................................................................27 4.3.1 Pairage des taux de consommation de carburant ......................................................................................................................................27 4.3.2 Pairage des classes de véhicules .........................................................................................................................................................................30 4.4 Validation des résultats ............................................................................................................................................................................................................32 4.5 Étude des distinctions entre les estimations des cotes de consommation de carburant de Ressources naturelles Canada et de l’Environmental Protection Agency .........................................................................................................................................................................33 4.6 Étude des distinctions entre les systèmes de classification des véhicules de Ressources naturelles Canada et de l’Environmental Protection Agency ...................................................................................................................................................................................33 4.7 Comparaison de nos résultats avec ceux obtenus en 2002 par le MTQ ..............................................................................................................34 2 Caractérisation du parc de véhicules
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