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The Geology and Ore Deposits of Sierra County, New Mexico by GEORGETOWNSENDHARLEY

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The Geology and Ore Deposits of Sierra County, New Mexico by GEORGETOWNSENDHARLEY NEW MEXICO STATE BUREAU OF MINES AND MINERAL RESOURCES Don H. Baker, Jr., Director Frank E. Kottlowski, Associate Director Full-time Staff DIANE ALLMENDINGER, Clerk-Typist WILLIAML.HAWKS, Materials E ng i ne e r WILLIAM E. ARNOLD, Scientific Illustrator ROBERT W. KELLEY, Editor & Geologist BLAIR R. BENNER, Junior Metallurgist THOMAS M. PLOUF, Research Extractive Met. ROBERT A. BIEBERMAN, Petroleum Geologist JACQUES R. RENAULT, Geologist LYNN A. BRANDVOLD, Chemist RONALD J. ROMAN, Chief Research Metallurgist CORALS BRIERLEY, Chemical Microbiologist JOHNW.SHOMAKER, Geologist CHARLES E. CHAPIN, Geologist JACKIE H. SMITH, Laboratory Assistant RICHARD R. CHAVEZ, Technician KARL YONDER LINDEN, Mng. Eng., Env. Geol. E. JACK COATS, Bureau Info. Coordinator CHARLES W.WALKER, Geochemist-Mineralogist JILL COLLIE, Secretary ROBERTH.WEBER, Senior Geologist Lots M. DEVLIN, Office Manager SHIRLEY WHYTE, Clerk - T y p i s t JO DRAKE, Administrative Ass't. & Sec'y. MAX E. WILLARD, Economic Geologist ROUSSEAU H. FLOWER, Senior Paleontologist JUARINE W. WOOLDRIDGE, Editorial Clerk ROY W. FOSTER, Petroleum Geologist MICHAEL W. WOOLDRIDGE, Draftsman Part-time Staff ROLAND F. DICKEY, Public Relations RUFIE MONTOYA, Dup. Mach. Oper. DAVE MITCHELL, Metallurgist JOHNREICHE, Instrument Manager Graduate Students ROGER ALLMENDINGER, Geologist , JESUS NAJERA, Hyclrogeologist JIM BRUNING, Geologist CRAIG OLSON, Metallurgist STUART FAITH, Geologist TERRYSIEMERS, Geologist MICHAEL JAWORSKI, Geologist DON SIMON, Geologist JAMES JENSEN, Geologist Plus more than z8 undergraduate assistants New Mexico Tech Staff Advisors GALE BILLINGS, Geoscience ALLAN R. SANFORD, Geophysics PAIGE W. CHRISTIANSEN, Historian-Mining FRANKB.TITUS, Hydrology BULLETIN 10 The Geology and Ore Deposits of Sierra County, New Mexico by GEORGETOWNSENDHARLEY 1934 New Mexico State Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources New Mexico State Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources Don H. Baker, Jr., Director A Division of New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology Stirling A. Colgate, President BOARD OF REGENTS Ex Officio Bruce King, Governor of New Mexico, Leonard DeLayo, Superintendent of Public Instruction Appointed William G. Abbott, Chairman, 1967-1973, Hobbs George A. Cowan 1972-1975, Los Alamos Dave Rice, 1972-1977, Carlsbad Steve Torres, 1967-1973, Socorro James R. Woods, 1971-1977, Socorro Original Printing, 1934 Reprinted 1967, 1969, 1972 Published by Authority of State of New Mexico, NMSA 1953 Sec. 63-1-4 Printed by New Mexico Institute of Mining & Technology Photo Laboratory, Sept. 1972 Bound by University of New Mexico Printing Plant Available from New Mexico State Bureau of Mines, Socorro, NM 87801 Also deposited in public libraries Price $5.00 CONTENTS Page Introduction ____ _ ----------------------------------------------------- 11 Purpose and scope of report 11 Acknowledgments 13 PARTI,GENERALFEATURES -------------------------------- --- 15 Geography ------------------------------------------------------------ 15 Location ------------------------------------------------------------------------15 Culture ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15 Mining districts 16 Climate and vegetation ----------------------------------------------- 16 Physiographic features ------------------------------------------------ 18 Drainage 18 Mountains ------------------------------------------------------------- 18 Bolson plains 20 Geology 23 The rocks ----------------------------------------------------------- 23 General features 23 Pre-Cambrian rocks • 23 Sedimentary rocks 24 Cambrian system ---------------------------------------------------- 24 Bliss sandstone 24 Ordovician system 24 El Paso limestone 24 Montoya limestone 25 Silurian system 25 Fusselman limestone ------------------------------------------------25 Devonian system ---------------------------------------------- 26 Percha shale -------------------------------------------------- 26 Mississippian system ---------------------------------------------------26 Lake Valley limestone 26 Pennsylvanian system 27 Magdalena limestone ----------------------------------- 27 Permian system 27 Abo sandstone 27 Chupadera formation ----------------------------------------28 Cretaceous system --------------------------------------------- _ 28 Dakota sandstone 28 Mancos shale and Mesaverde formation 29 Tertiary system ------------------------------------------------ 29 Quaternary system 30 Tertiary and Quaternary lavas 31 Intrusive rocks 34 Structural features 35 Geological sequence ------------------------------------------------------------- 37 History of mining in Sierra County ------------------------------------------- 41 Production -------------------------------------------------------------------- 43 Ore deposits 47 Geographic distribution ---------------------------------------------- 47 Geologic distribution of deposits --------------------------------- 47 Mineralogy of Sierra County ------------------------------------ 50 Practical features of prospecting and mining ----------------------- 51 PARTII,MININGDISTRICTS -------------------------------- ---- 59 The Black Range ----------------------------------------------------- 59 Location and area ---------------------------------------------------- 59 Geography 59 4 CONTENTS PART II, MINING DISTRICTS—Continued The Black Range—Continued Geology 59 Stratified rocks ------------------------------------------------------- 59 Intrusive rocks ----------------------------------------------------- 60 Extrusive rocks -------------------------------------------------- 61 Structural relations --------------------------------------------- 62 Ore deposits ----------------------------------------------------- 62 History and production ------------------------------------------------- 64 Taylor Creek tin deposits ----------------------------------------------- 67 Location and area ------------------------------------------------- 67 Geography 67 Geology --------------------------------------------------------------------- 67 Structural relations -------------------------------------------------- 69 Ore deposits ----------------------------------------------------------- 69 History and production ---------------------------------------------- 71 Development ------------------------------------------------------- 72 Future possibilities ------------------------------------------------ 72 Black Range and Apache (Chloride) districts ---------------------- 72 Location and area 72 Geography ------------------------------------------------------- 73 Geology ------------------------------------------------------- 73 Sedimentary rocks 73 Extrusive rocks ------------------------------------------------ 74 Intrusive rocks --------------------------------------------------- 75 Structural relations ------------------------------------------------ 75 Ore deposits --------------------------------------------------------- 75 Production 77 Fluorine area -------------------------------------------------- 78 Phillipsburg area -------------------------------------------------- 78 Black Mountain group --------------------------------------------- 79 Great Republic mine ------------------------------------------ 79 Keystone property ------------------------------------------- 80 Graf+on area 80 Ehiporia mine ---------------------------------------------------- 80 Ivanhoe mine -------------------------------------------------- 80 Alaska group ------------------------------------------------- 81 Other properties ---------------------------------------------------- 81 Bear, Dry and Mineral creeks ------------------------------------- 81 Chloride 82 Nana mine ------------------------------------------------------ 82 White Mountain group 82 U. S. Treasury mine i-------------- 83 Colossal and Midnight mines --------------------------------------- 85 Pye lode ----------------------------------------------------- 86 Bald Eagle mine 86 Silver Monument mine and vicinity ------------------------------ 87 Palomas (Hermosa) district 90 Location and area ------------------------------------------------- 90 Geography ------------------------------------------------------- 91 Geology 91 Structural relations 92 Ore deposits ------------------------------------------------------------- 92 Production ---------------------------------------------------------- 95 Mine descriptions ----------------------------------------------------- 95 The Argonaut mine ---------------------------------------- 95 Palomas Chief property -------------------------------- -- 95 Cliff-L-Embolite group ------------------------------------------- 96 Pelican group -------------------------------------------------- 96 Ocean Wave and Antelope groups ------------------------------ 97 American Flag and Flagstaff properties ------------------------ 97 CONTENTS 5 PART II, MINING DISTRICTS—Continued The Black Range—Continued Palomas (Hermosa) district—Continued Mine descriptions—Continued Wolford mine ---------------------------------------------------- 97 Future possibilities ----------------------------------------------- 97 The Black Range (Kingston) district ----------------------------- 98 Location and area ---------------------------------------------------- 98 Geology ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 98 Structural relations ------------------------------------------------ 99 Ore deposits ------------------------------------------------------100 Production -----------------------------------------------------------------102
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