DOCSLIB.ORG

New Findings on the Korean

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
New Findings on the Korean COLD WAR INTERNATIONAL HISTORY PROJECT BULLETIN Issue 3 Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Washington, D.C. Fall 1993 FROM THE RUSSIAN ARCHIVES ARCHIVAL RESEARCH IN MOSCOW: NEW FINDINGS ON THE KOREAN WAR Progress and Pitfalls Translation and Commentary by Kathryn Weathersby by Mark Kramer While the opening of Soviet ar- War, 1950-53, and the Armistice Ne- The British writer and literary critic Lytton chives brought high expectations for gotiations,” is one such find. It is a Strachey once remarked that “ignorance is the first quick answers to long-standing ques- survey of Soviet and Chinese involve- requisite of the historian — ignorance, which simpli- tions about the Cold War, those of us ment in the Korean War that was fies and clarifies, which selects and omits.”1 By this working in the Soviet archives have compiled in 1966 by so far unidenti- criterion, historians studying the Soviet Union were found that they are like other historical fied members of the staff of the Soviet remarkably lucky until very recently. Unlike scholars collections; individual documents con- Foreign Ministry archive. The appar- of American politics and foreign policy, who had the tain only fragments of the information ent purpose of this internal history daunting task each year of poring through thousands we seek. It is only after laboriously was to provide background informa- of newly declassified documents, specialists on the sifting through a great and varied mass tion for the small group of Soviet Soviet Union normally were forced to go about their of records that we can begin to piece officials who were at that time en- work without reading a single item from the Soviet together even one part of the intricate gaged in discussions with the People’s archives. Soviet authorities exercised tight control story of the Cold War. Republic of China and North Viet- over all official documents and archival repositories, Occasionally, however, we come nam over possible Soviet assistance and no procedures were in place to release any of these upon a single document that directly to the Viet Cong in their war with the materials to the public. For nearly 75 years, the answers a major question. The docu- United States.1 This document thus information available about Soviet policy-making ment excerpted below, “On the Korean tells us something about Soviet atti- was so sparse that Western scholars often had to rely continued on page 14 exclusively on published sources, supplemented by a few interviews. Soviet Foreign Policy During the Cold War: Now that the Soviet Union has ceased to exist, several of the key Soviet archives have finally been A DOCUMENTARY SAMPLER opened — if only on a limited and sporadic basis — for scholarly research. This development has brought On 12-15 January 1993, in the presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences both benefits and drawbacks. The focus here will be building in Moscow, the Cold War International History Project sponsored the first scholarly conference on Cold War history to be based on newly available archival mainly on the drawbacks, but that does not mean the sources in the former Soviet Union. CWIHP organized the conference in collabo- benefits have been negligible. As recently as three to ration with the Institute of General History of the Russian Academy of Sciences and four years ago, the notion that Western and Russian the Storage Center for Contemporary Documentation (SCCD, or TsKhSD, its scholars would be permitted to examine sensitive Russian acronym), which houses the post-1952 records of the CPSU Central postwar documents in the archives of the Soviet Committee. Over four days Russian and American scholars presented roughly three Foreign Ministry or the Central Committee of the dozen papers, on topics ranging from the Cold War’s origins to the Sino-Soviet split continued on page 18 to the Soviet invasions of Hungary and Czechoslovakia to the superpower crises over Suez, Berlin, the Taiwan Straits, and Cuba. (Several of these papers have since been published by CWIHP in revised form as Working Papers—by Hope Harrison and INSIDE: Vladislav Zubok on the Berlin Crisis, 1958-62, and by Kathryn Weathersby on Soviet policy and the origins of the Korean War, 1945-50—and more are slated to appear Soviet Invasion of Czechoslovakia (Part 2) 2 as working papers and in a forthcoming edited volume.) Russian Foreign Ministry Archives 26, 27 An essential precondition to the holding of the conference was a written Soviet Tactical Nuclear Weapons and agreement by SCCD that all participants, whether Russian or foreign, would receive the Cuban Missile Crisis: An Exchange 40, 41 equal access to released materials, that all materials released for the conference Warsaw Pact Planning: A Response 51 would be made available to the world scholarly community, and that “no restric- Update 70 continued on page 55 2 COLD WAR INTERNATIONAL HISTORY PROJECT BULLETIN THE PRAGUE SPRING AND THE emerged up to now suggests that, for the been a substitute for materials contained in SOVIET INVASION OF most part, the best analyses produced by archives, but, taken cumulatively, they gave CZECHOSLOVAKIA: Western scholars in the pre-glasnost era will Western scholars a body of evidence incom- New Interpretations stand up very well. There are, of course, parably richer than the meager details known innumerable details that have to be revised, about most other Soviet foreign policy deci- by Mark Kramer and, as indicated below, details can often be sions. It is not wholly surprising, then, that (Second of two parts) important. But except for a few more sweep- pre-glasnost analyses of the Czechoslovak ing changes that may be necessary (as will be crisis have fared remarkably well amidst the The first part of this two-part article discussed in the final section of this article), flood of post-Communist revelations. provided a brief review of the vast amount prevailing conceptions of the crisis and of the Still, if it is true that documents released of material that has been released over the Soviet-led invasion have not been greatly since 1989 have not undermined our basic past few years regarding the Prague Spring altered thus far by the declassified docu- understanding of the Soviet invasion of and the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia ments, new memoirs, and other evidence that Czechoslovakia, it is also true that earlier in August 1968.1 The aim of this part is to has recently come to light. treatments of certain key aspects of the crisis offer a preliminary look at some of the new The fact that drastic changes have not need to be revised to take account of new interpretations that can be derived from the been required in the broad historical record is evidence. The revised interpretations of wealth of fresh evidence, including newly in part attributable to the insight and meticu- these matters can help provide a clearer available materials from East European and lous research that Western scholars earlier picture of the crisis as a whole. Obviously, former Soviet archives. brought to bear on the topic. The events of the discussion that follows is not intended to The first question to be asked is whether 1968 attracted some of the best analysts in be an exhaustive compilation of changes the documents and memoirs that have re- the field, and it shows in the quality of their necessitated by evidence that has emerged cently become available or soon will be work. Another reason that pre-glasnost schol- over the past few years, but it should give a available are likely to force drastic changes arship has stood up well, however, is that reasonable idea of the importance that seem- in the historical record. Does the new evi- Western observers had access to far more ingly narrow aspects of the crisis can have dence compel Western scholars to rethink primary material about the Czechoslovak when seen in a new light. Many other topics their whole understanding of the Czecho- crisis than they normally had about key events not discussed here—including the influence slovak crisis? Will older analyses of the in Soviet foreign policy. Scholars were able of hard-line East European leaders; the role subject have to be discarded? Occasionally, to make good use, for example, of documents of prominent officials such as Janos Kadar, historical disclosures do bring about funda- that were brought out of Czechoslovakia Aleksei Kosygin, and Yurii Andropov; East- mental changes in traditional interpretations shortly after the invasion.3 They also were West military and diplomatic relations be- of events. Such was the case, for example, able to draw on the first-hand observations fore and during the invasion; Soviet/East with the revelations in the mid-1970s about contained in published interviews with and European military preparations; Brezhnev’s the crucial role of code-breaking and signals commentaries by leading figures in the cri- contacts with Dubcek; and the post-invasion intelligence (SIGINT) in the U.S. and Brit- sis, such as Josef Smrkovsky, Jiri Hajek, Jiri talks between the Soviet Union and Czecho- ish efforts in World War II.2 Military histo- Pelikan, and Zdenek Hejzlar.4 Moreover, by slovakia—will be covered in other analyses ries that had failed to take due account of the mid- to late 1970s a growing number of by the present author scheduled for publica- this factor — which is to say, all histories up memoirs by former Czechoslovak officials tion in the near future.7 to that point — were suddenly rendered were available in the West. Books by Hajek, obsolete, or at least were in need of major Zdenek Mlynar, and Pelikan, among others, 1. The “Letters of Invitation” to Brezhnev revision.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Cuban Missile Crisis JCC: USSR
    asdf PMUNC 2015 Cuban Missile Crisis JCC: USSR Chair: Jacob Sackett-Sanders JCC PMUNC 2015 Contents Chair Letter…………………………………………………………………...3 Introduction……………….………………………………………………….4 Topics of Concern………………………...………………….………………6 The Space Race…...……………………………....………………….....6 The Third World...…………………………………………......………7 The Eastern Bloc………………………………………………………9 The Chinese Communists…………………………………………….10 De-Stalinization and Domestic Reform………………………………11 Committee Members….……………………………………………………..13 2 JCC PMUNC 2015 Chair’s Letter Dear Delegates, It is my great pleasure to give you an early welcome to PMUNC 2015. My name is Jacob, and I’ll be your chair, helping to guide you as you take on the role of the Soviet political elites circa 1961. Originally from Wilmington, Delaware, at Princeton I study Slavic Languages and Literature. The Eastern Bloc, as well as Yugoslavia, have long been interests of mine. Our history classes and national consciousness often paints them as communist enemies, but in their own ways, they too helped to shape the modern world that we know today. While ultimately failed states, they had successes throughout their history, contributing their own shares to world science and culture, and that’s something I’ve always tried to appreciate. Things are rarely as black and white as the paper and ink of our textbooks. During the conference, you will take on the role of members of the fictional Soviet Advisory Committee on Centralization and Global Communism, a new semi-secret body intended to advise the Politburo and other major state organs. You will be given unmatched power but also faced with a variety of unique challenges, such as unrest in the satellite states, an economy over-reliant on heavy industry, and a geopolitical sphere of influence being challenged by both the USA and an emerging Communist China.
    [Show full text]
  • DIRECTING the Disorder the CFR Is the Deep State Powerhouse Undoing and Remaking Our World
    DEEP STATE DIRECTING THE Disorder The CFR is the Deep State powerhouse undoing and remaking our world. 2 by William F. Jasper The nationalist vs. globalist conflict is not merely an he whole world has gone insane ideological struggle between shadowy, unidentifiable and the lunatics are in charge of T the asylum. At least it looks that forces; it is a struggle with organized globalists who have way to any rational person surveying the very real, identifiable, powerful organizations and networks escalating revolutions that have engulfed the planet in the year 2020. The revolu- operating incessantly to undermine and subvert our tions to which we refer are the COVID- constitutional Republic and our Christian-style civilization. 19 revolution and the Black Lives Matter revolution, which, combined, are wreak- ing unprecedented havoc and destruction — political, social, economic, moral, and spiritual — worldwide. As we will show, these two seemingly unrelated upheavals are very closely tied together, and are but the latest and most profound manifesta- tions of a global revolutionary transfor- mation that has been under way for many years. Both of these revolutions are being stoked and orchestrated by elitist forces that intend to unmake the United States of America and extinguish liberty as we know it everywhere. In his famous “Lectures on the French Revolution,” delivered at Cambridge University between 1895 and 1899, the distinguished British historian and states- man John Emerich Dalberg, more com- monly known as Lord Acton, noted: “The appalling thing in the French Revolution is not the tumult, but the design. Through all the fire and smoke we perceive the evidence of calculating organization.
    [Show full text]
  • Kansas Alumni Magazine
    ,0) Stormwatch THE FLYING JAYHAWKS AND ALUMNI HOLIDAYS PRESENT CRUISE THE PASSAGE OF PETER THE GREAT AUGUST 1 - AUGUST 14, 1991 Now, for the first time ever, you can follow in the historic pathways of Peter the Great, the powerful Russian czar, as you cruise from Leningrad, Peter's celebrated capital and "window on the West," all the way to Moscow ... on the waterways previously accessible only to Russians. See the country as Peter saw it, with its many treasures still beautifully preserved and its stunning scenery virtually untouched. Come join us as we explore the Soviet Union's bountiful treas- ures and traditions amidst today's "glasnost" and spirit of goodwill. From $3,295 per person from Chicago based on double occupancy CRUISE GERMANY'S MAGNIFICENT EAST ON THE ELBE JULY 27 - AUGUST 8, 1991 A new era unfolds... a country unites ... transition is underway in the East ... Germany's other great river, The Elbe, beckons for the first time in 45 years! Be a part of history! This landmark cruise is a vision that has taken years to realize. Reflected in the mighty Elbe's tranquil waters are some of the most magnificent treasures of the world: renaissance palaces, spired cathedrals, ancient castles... all set amidst scenery so beautiful it will take your breath away! Add to this remarkable cruise, visits to two of Germany's favorite cities, Hamburg and Berlin, and the "Golden City" of Prague, and you have a trip like none ever offered before. From $3,795 per person from Chicago based on double occupancy LA BELLE FRANCE JUNE 30-JULY 12, 1991 There is simply no better way to describe this remarkable melange of culture and charm, gastronomy and joie de vivre.
    [Show full text]
  • Inside Russia's Intelligence Agencies
    EUROPEAN COUNCIL ON FOREIGN BRIEF POLICY RELATIONS ecfr.eu PUTIN’S HYDRA: INSIDE RUSSIA’S INTELLIGENCE SERVICES Mark Galeotti For his birthday in 2014, Russian President Vladimir Putin was treated to an exhibition of faux Greek friezes showing SUMMARY him in the guise of Hercules. In one, he was slaying the • Russia’s intelligence agencies are engaged in an “hydra of sanctions”.1 active and aggressive campaign in support of the Kremlin’s wider geopolitical agenda. The image of the hydra – a voracious and vicious multi- headed beast, guided by a single mind, and which grows • As well as espionage, Moscow’s “special services” new heads as soon as one is lopped off – crops up frequently conduct active measures aimed at subverting in discussions of Russia’s intelligence and security services. and destabilising European governments, Murdered dissident Alexander Litvinenko and his co-author operations in support of Russian economic Yuri Felshtinsky wrote of the way “the old KGB, like some interests, and attacks on political enemies. multi-headed hydra, split into four new structures” after 1991.2 More recently, a British counterintelligence officer • Moscow has developed an array of overlapping described Russia’s Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR) as and competitive security and spy services. The a hydra because of the way that, for every plot foiled or aim is to encourage risk-taking and multiple operative expelled, more quickly appear. sources, but it also leads to turf wars and a tendency to play to Kremlin prejudices. The West finds itself in a new “hot peace” in which many consider Russia not just as an irritant or challenge, but • While much useful intelligence is collected, as an outright threat.
    [Show full text]
  • NORMAN A. GRAEBNER (Charlottesville, VA, U.S.A.)
    NORMAN A. GRAEBNER (Charlottesville, VA, U.S.A.) GORBACHEV AND REAGAN Outside Geneva's Chateau Fleur d'Eau on a wintry 19 November 1985, a coatless Ronald Reagan awaited the ap- proaching Mikhail Gorbachev. The American President, as the official host of this first day of the Geneva summit, had set the stage for his first meeting with the Soviet leader with great care. He led Gorbachev and their two interpreters to a small meeting room with a fire crackling in the fireplace for a pri- vate conversation. The people in the neighboring conference room, Reagan began, had given them 15 minutes "to meet in this one-on-one.... They've programmed us-they've written your talking points, they've written my talking points. We can do that, or we can stay here as long as we want and get to know each other...." The private conversation lasted an hour. During a break in the afternoon session Reagan steered Gorbachev to the chateau's summerhouse for a tete-a-tete before the fire. At the end the two leaders achieved little, yet both re- garded the summit a success. Separated by twenty years, they recognized in each other a warmth and sincerity that promised future success. Reagan observed that Gorbachev scarcely re- sembled his predecessors in his intelligence, knowledge and openness. Soviet Foreign Minister Eduard Shevardnadze noted, "[W]e had the impression that [the President] is a man who keeps his word and that he's someone you can deal with ... and reach accord." The two leaders, pursuing complementary agendas, had approached the Geneva summit along highly' dis- similar paths.
    [Show full text]
  • Pag Annual Report 06
    elcome to the CSC Annual Report for 2008. At a time of serious economic difficulties and political challenges, it is good to reflect on the words of St Paul: “May you, in com- pany with all God’s people, be strong to grasp what is the Wbreadth and length and height and depth of Christ’s love”. (Ephesians 3:18-19). 2008 was far from easy for Europe’s political institutions. On 12 June, the voters of Ireland rejected the Lisbon Treaty on the reform of the EU. The year ended with many European nations being affected by the economic recession. Yet the European integration process continues; agree- ment was reached for Slovakia to adopt the Euro at the start of 2009. CSC’s work on addressing the challenge of climate change was high- lighted by the Assembly of the European Christian Environmental Network, held in Milan, Italy, on 24- 28 September. This was al- so a major issue in dis- cussions between religious leaders and the Presidents of the EU Institutions on Ms Anthea Cox Co-moderator 5 May in Brussels. CSC celebrated the 60th anniversary of the Univer- sal Declaration of Human Rights on 10 December 2008 and produced com- memorative postcards and bookmarks, which have been well received. In 2008 the integration between CEC and the Churches' Commission for Migrants in Europe (CCME) was for- mally agreed. Looking ahead, 2009 will be a year of anniversaries. CEC will celebrate its 50th anniversary. CSC will also celebrate 10 years as part of CEC; the former European Ecumenical Commission for Church and Society was created 25 years ago; one of its founding streams, the Ecumenical Association, even dates back to 1959.
    [Show full text]
  • The Fifth User January 28
    UNCLASSIFIED The Fifth User January 28 Project VENONA is now well known publicly. VENONA refers to Soviet espionage messages that were solved in part or in whole by the U.S. cryptologic services. The Soviet cryptosystem was based on a one-time pad that was misused, and therefore vulnerable to American cryptanalysts. The cryptosystem was used by the USSR’s diplomatic service and its office for acquiring lend-lease equipment from the United States during World War II. This Soviet system was in use from 1941 to 1945, but was not solved until the late 1940s, after the war, and the most usable product based on the decrypts was issued in the 1950s. In addition, the cryptosystem was used by the espionage organization best known as the KGB. When people think of VENONA decrypts, they most often mean KGB communications. However, there were other users of the flawed system. The fifth user of the cryptosystem was known in English as GRU-Naval. Its communications referred to espionage operations controlled by the Naval Intelligence headquarters in Moscow. The senior representative in the U.S. was Captain, later Commodore, I. A. Egorichev, the USSR’s naval attaché in Washington. During his career he had commanded a destroyer in the Soviet’s Baltic fleet, and had served as naval attaché in Tokyo. In addition to legal duties in his overt position, Captain Egorichev conducted intelligence activities against the United States. The GRU-Naval cryptosystem worked in the same way the KGB and GRU systems did. Message text was encoded into numbers from a codebook, then the numbers were superenciphered with numbers from a one-time pad.
    [Show full text]
  • Vogue Living Debuts New Furniture Collections ​
    VOGUE LIVING DEBUTS NEW FURNITURE COLLECTIONS ​ Condé Nast and Dorya to debut two new collections at High Point Market NEW YORK – April 10, 2018 – The Vogue Living collection, consisting of 65 pieces divided into two separate collections, Mayfair and Wiltshire, will be shown at High Point Market on April 14-18, 2018. The Wiltshire Collection, through warm tones of cherry and chestnut with pale velvets and florals, evokes a bucolic sensibility with pieces ideally suited for the country home that values comfort as highly as aesthetics. The Mayfair Collection is designed for the modern elegance of a city home, featuring strong statement pieces that draw inspiration from classic designs reinvented for today. ”We are pleased to partner with Dorya on the premier Vogue Living brand. Each piece is handmade and conveys the quality and luxury that Vogue stands for,” said Cathy Glosser, SVP of Licensing, Condé Nast. “The Vogue Living collections tap into a vast array of unique designs, supreme finishes, and stunning details to deliver unmatched craftsmanship,” says F. Doruk Yorgancioglu, president and chief executive officer, Dorya. “We wanted to achieve timelessness while staying relevant for today’s consumer.” The line is currently available through the trade and at vogueliving.dorya.com. Pictures from the ​ ​ line are available here. ​ ​ About Condé Nast: Condé Nast is a premier media company renowned for producing the highest quality content for the world's most influential audiences. Attracting more than 120 million consumers across its industry-leading print, digital and video brands, the company’s portfolio includes some of the most iconic titles in media: Vogue, Vanity Fair, Glamour, Brides, GQ, GQ Style, The New Yorker, Condé Nast Traveler, Allure, Architectural Digest, Bon Appétit, Epicurious, Wired, W, Golf Digest, Golf World, Teen Vogue, Ars Technica, The Scene, them, Pitchfork and Backchannel.
    [Show full text]
  • Volume 2 Presented at the Annual Convention of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology
    thannual Proceedings Selected Papers on the Practice of Educational Communications and Technology - Volume 2 Presented at The Annual Convention of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology Sponsored by the Research and Theory Division And 38 The Division of Instructional Design Indianapolis, IN Editor: Michael Simonson Nova Southeastern University Fischler College of Education North Miami Beach, Florida 2015 Annual Proceedings - Indianapolis: Volumes 1 & 2 Volume 1: Selected Research and Development Papers And Volume 2: Selected Papers On the Practice of Educational Communications and Technology Presented at The Annual Convention of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology Sponsored by the Research and Theory Division And The Division of Instructional Design Indianapolis, IN 2015 Editor Michael Simonson, Ph.D. Instructional Design and Technology Department Fischler College of Education Nova Southeastern University North Miami Beach, FL Preface For the thirty-seventh time, the Research and Theory Division of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) is sponsoring the publication of these Proceedings. Papers published in this volume were presented at the annual AECT Convention in Indianapolis, IN. A limited quantity of these Proceedings were printed and sold in both hardcopy and electronic versions. Volumes 1 and 2 are available through the Educational Resources Clearinghouse (ERIC) System. Proceedings volumes are available to members at AECT.ORG. Proceedings copies are also available at: http://www.tresystems.com/proceedings/ The Proceedings of AECT’s Convention are published in two volumes. Volume #1 contains papers dealing primarily with research and development topics. Papers dealing with the practice of instructional technology including instruction and training issues are contained in Volume #2.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ukrainian Weekly 1978, No.20
    www.ukrweekly.com 1 z THE I CBOEOAAXSVOBODA I I " ШШ^Ш Ш УКРАЇНСЬКИЙ ЩОДЕННИК ^ШЕ? UKRAINIAN DAtLV Щ Щ UkrainiaENGLISH^ LANGUAGnE WEEKL Y WeeEDITION k у VOL. LXXXV No. 113 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MAY 21, 1978 25 CENTS Welcome Delegates to UNA's 29th Convention in Pittsburgh! Assemblage Begins Weeklong Session Tomorrow; Religious Services, Festive Concert Set for Today PITTSBURGH, Pa.-A total of 406 tions; its sixth was held here in 1900 delegates and 26 members of the Su­ and its 21st in 1946. preme Assembly will be on hand to­ Coinciding with UNA's Convention morrow for the formal opening of the is the centennial of Ukrainian settle­ 29th Convention of the Ukrainian Na­ ment in Pittsburgh and western Penn­ tional Association at the Pittsburgh sylvania. It was in 1878 that the first Hilton here. The assemblage, which Ukrainian immigrant, Andrew meets quadrennially, will meet through Andreyczyn, arrived in this one-time Saturday, May 27. steel capital of the world. His daugh­ Scores of distinguished American ter, Mrs. Mary Reyda, who was the and Ukrainian political and civic lea­ first Ukrainian child to be born in ders are expected to appear in the Pittsburgh, lives at the present time in course of the Convention to extend McKees Rocks, Pa. greetings to the representatives of the In respect to the early Ukrainian pio­ largest and oldest Ukrainian organiza­ neers and in conjunction with the UNA tion in the free world. Pittsburgh was Convention, the week of May 21-27 the site of two previous UNA Conven­ (Continued on page 13) Richard T.
    [Show full text]
  • Russia and Asia: the Emerging Security Agenda
    Russia and Asia The Emerging Security Agenda Stockholm International Peace Research Institute SIPRI is an independent international institute for research into problems of peace and conflict, especially those of arms control and disarmament. It was established in 1966 to commemorate Sweden’s 150 years of unbroken peace. The Institute is financed mainly by the Swedish Parliament. The staff and the Governing Board are international. The Institute also has an Advisory Committee as an international consultative body. The Governing Board is not responsible for the views expressed in the publications of the Institute. Governing Board Professor Daniel Tarschys, Chairman (Sweden) Dr Oscar Arias Sánchez (Costa Rica) Dr Willem F. van Eekelen (Netherlands) Sir Marrack Goulding (United Kingdom) Dr Catherine Kelleher (United States) Dr Lothar Rühl (Germany) Professor Ronald G. Sutherland (Canada) Dr Abdullah Toukan (Jordan) The Director Director Dr Adam Daniel Rotfeld (Poland) Stockholm International Peace Research Institute Signalistg. 9, S-1769 70 Solna, Sweden Cable: SIPRI Telephone: 46 8/655 97 00 Telefax: 46 8/655 97 33 E-mail: [email protected] Internet URL: http://www.sipri.se Russia and Asia The Emerging Security Agenda Edited by Gennady Chufrin OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 1999 OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Great Clarendon Street, Oxford OX2 6DP Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Athens
    [Show full text]
  • Sovietų Mokykloje Išskirtų Šeimų Nariai Badauja Reaganas Paryžiuj Siūlo Argentinai Išvežti Kareivius
    THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS (GRATIS) REFERENCE DEPARTMENT SERIALS DIVISION VASHINGTON, DC 20025 LAISVOJO PASAULIO LIETUVIU DIENRAŠTIS * 4545 WEST 63rd STREET • CHICAGO. ILLINOIS 60629 TELEFONAS (312) 585-9500 THE L_nrHLJ/\!NJI/\IVI WORLD-WIDIE i L V Vol. LXXVI Kaina 25 c. PENKTADIENIS — FRIDAY, BIRŽEUS — JUNE 4, 19S2 Nr. 117 LKB Kronika Nr. 50 TRUMPAI Siūlo Argentinai Sovietų mokykloje IŠ VISUR išvežti kareivius — Britanijos gynybos mi­ nisterija, atsiliepdama į spau­ Britai duoda dvi savaites pasitraukti (Tęsinys) — Tu esi grynas durnelis, dos spėliojimus, kad aviacijos kvaišelis, kad nežinai. Londonas. — Britanijoje ginklus, pririšti nemažą laivų Šilutė. Šilutės gyventoja leitenantas princas Andrius Pasakyk, kuomet nusikabinsi vyksta debatai dėl Falklando grupę ir aviacijos jėgas. Tas Kazė Maksvytienė, išaugusi yra saugomas, nesiunčiamas į kryžių? salų ateities. Parlamente dar- Britanijai daug kainuotų. katalikiškoje šeimoje, toje pat kovas, pareiškė, kad princas — Tada, kada direktorė biečių opozicija ir liberalioji Britų artilerija jau apšaudė dvasioje auklėja ir savo tris neturi jokių privilegijų, jis mamytės nebešmeiš. spauda tvirtina, kad Britanija argentiniečių pozicijas prie sūnus, besimokančius Šilutės I skraido helikopteriu, kuris — Matai koks kerštininkas! jau pakankamai paaukojo lėšų Stanley miesto. Argentiniečiai vid. m-loje. Matydama, kad žvalgo vandenis, ieškodamas Prižadėk, kad nusikabinsi. Jei ir kareivių dėl tų salų. Dabar yra apsupti iš trijų pusių žemė­ bedieviškų organizacijų nariai povandeninių Argentinos ne, įtrauksime į įskaitą ir atėjęs laikas išspręsti konflik­ je. Karo laivai saugo priplau- švarko atlape nešioja ženkliu­ laivų. išvešime į koloniją. tą diplomatinėmis priemo­ kimą prie miesto iš jūros, o kus, motina savo sūnums įse­ — Irakas paskelbė, kad jo Linui Maksvyčiui pradėjus nėmis. Prezidentas Reaganas karo lėktuvai ir malūnspar­ gė po kryželi.
    [Show full text]