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148284408.Pdf University of Groningen The sustainability of conventional houses, passive houses and earthships, based on legislation, environmental impact energy and operating energy. Kuil, Elena Published in: Default journal IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please check the document version below. Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Publication date: 2012 Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database Citation for published version (APA): Kuil, E. (2012). The sustainability of conventional houses, passive houses and earthships, based on legislation, environmental impact energy and operating energy. Default journal. Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum. Download date: 11-02-2018 CIO, Center for Isotope Research IVEM, Center for Energy and Environmental Studies Master Programme Energy and Environmental Sciences University of Groningen The sustainability of conventional houses, passive houses and earthships, based on legislation, environmental impact energy and operating energy Elena Kuil EES 2012-155 T Training report of Elena Kuil Supervised by: Dr. R.M.J. Benders (IVEM) Dr. C. Visser (IVEM) University of Groningen CIO, Center for Isotope Research IVEM, Center for Energy and Environmental Studies Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands http://www.rug.nl/fmns-research/cio http://www.rug.nl/fmns-research/ivem PREFACE This report has been written as part of the Master program Energy & Environmental Sciences (EES). The Master’s degree programme has two specialization, which are ‘System studies on Energy and Environment’ and ‘Experimental studies of Energy and Climate’. Goal of this Training Thesis is to design, organize and carry out a research in the field of ‘Sys- tems studies on Energy and Environment’. This includes the collection of data, the correct application of research methods, the analysis of results, the derivation of recommendations and lastly to be able to clearly report and communicate these findings. Many thanks go to Rene Benders, my first supervisor at the University of Groningen. A thank you also for Cindy Visser for being my second supervisor at the University of Groningen. Furthermore, I would like to thank the Dutch earthship association (Vereninging Aardehuis) for answering questions about their project, particularly Estella Franssen. A second last thank you goes to Mischa Hewitt for providing insights into the Brighton Earthship. Lastly, I would like to thank my fellow students for their good advice, and not to forget, my family and friends for always supporting me. TABLE OF CONTENTS Summary .......................................................................................................................... 5 Samenvatting ................................................................................................................... 7 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................... 9 1.1 Dutch Energy Policies .................................................................................................... 9 1.1.1 NMP ......................................................................................................................... 9 1.1.2 The Dutch Building Decree ...................................................................................... 9 1.1.3 LTA, EPN and EPC ................................................................................................ 10 1.2 Problem definition ........................................................................................................ 10 1.3 Research question ......................................................................................................... 11 1.4 Reading guide ............................................................................................................... 11 2. Construction types................................................................................................... 13 2.1 Conventional house ...................................................................................................... 13 2.2 Low energy buildings ................................................................................................... 13 2.2.1 Passive house ......................................................................................................... 14 2.2.2 Passive design ........................................................................................................ 15 2.3 Earthship ....................................................................................................................... 15 2.3.1 Earthship Biotecture .............................................................................................. 15 2.3.2 Mapping of earthships in Europe ........................................................................... 17 2.3.3 Earthships in the Netherlands ................................................................................ 18 2.3.4 Earthship Europe ................................................................................................... 18 3. Building materials ................................................................................................... 21 3.1 Conventional house ...................................................................................................... 21 3.1.1 Wood and timber .................................................................................................... 21 3.1.2 Sand, gravel and concrete ..................................................................................... 21 3.1.3 Clay, bricks and tiles .............................................................................................. 22 3.1.4 Glass wool and plastic ........................................................................................... 22 3.2 Low energy buildings ................................................................................................... 22 3.2.1 Rock wool ............................................................................................................... 22 3.2.2 Cellulose fibres ....................................................................................................... 23 3.2.3 Oriented Strand Board ........................................................................................... 23 3.3 Earthship ....................................................................................................................... 23 3.3.1 Scrap tires .............................................................................................................. 23 3.3.2 Steel and aluminium cans ....................................................................................... 24 3.3.3 Glass bottles ........................................................................................................... 25 3.3.4 Loam ....................................................................................................................... 25 4. Methods – Environmental impact (SimaPro) ....................................................... 27 4.1 Conventional house ...................................................................................................... 27 4.2 Low energy buildings ................................................................................................... 28 4.3 Earthship ....................................................................................................................... 29 4.3.1 Steel and aluminium cans ....................................................................................... 30 4.3.2 Glass bottles ........................................................................................................... 30 4.4 SimaPro ........................................................................................................................ 31 4.4.1 ReCiPe Endpoint indicator .................................................................................... 31 5. Methods – Operating energy (Excel & DoMUS) .................................................. 33 5.1 Excel model .................................................................................................................. 33 5.1.1 Conventional house ................................................................................................ 34 5.1.2 Low energy building ............................................................................................... 34 5.1.3 Earthship ................................................................................................................ 34 5.1.4 Comparison construction types .............................................................................. 34 5.2 DoMUS .......................................................................................................................
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