DOCSLIB.ORG

Community Renewable Energy Toolkit

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Community Renewable Energy Toolkit Community Renewable Energy Toolkit Foreword The purpose of this toolkit is to contribute towards the achievement of Scotland’s renewable energy targets by galvanising and guiding community groups to find ways of maximising community involvement and benefits from renewable energy. 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 5 Who is this Toolkit for? ....................................................................................................................... 5 Community needs ............................................................................................................................... 5 Your Community’s Requirements ....................................................................................................... 6 A range of possibilities ........................................................................................................................ 6 Section 1: Energy, Renewable Energy and Carbon Basics ................................................................... 8 1.1 Energy basics ........................................................................................................................... 9 1.1.2 Energy rating ................................................................................................................... 9 1.1.3 Energy consumption ....................................................................................................... 9 1.1.4 Energy generation ........................................................................................................... 9 1.2 Renewable energy basics ...................................................................................................... 10 1.2.1 What are the useful sources of renewable energy? ..................................................... 10 1.2.2 Can we get free heat and power? ................................................................................. 10 1.2.3 How, in practice, does it compare with using traditional energy sources? .................. 11 1.3 Carbon Calculations - basics .................................................................................................. 12 1.3.1 Carbon (C) or Carbon Dioxide (CO2)? ............................................................................ 12 1.3.2 Is carbon dioxide the only greenhouse gas? ................................................................. 12 1.4 Renewable energy and carbon emissions ............................................................................. 13 1.5 Community relevance ........................................................................................................... 14 Section 2: Energy Efficient Buildings .................................................................................................... 15 2.1 Assessing Heat Loss and Insulation Requirements ............................................................... 16 2.1.1 What is Heat Loss? ........................................................................................................ 16 2.1.2 How do we assess heat loss? ........................................................................................ 17 2.1.3 How can we minimise heat loss? .................................................................................. 17 2.2 What is the Heat Load of a Building? .................................................................................... 20 2.3 Defining options .................................................................................................................... 20 2.4 Options – an initial guide ...................................................................................................... 21 2.5 Planning applications and Building Regulations ................................................................... 22 Section 3: Technologies ........................................................................................................................ 23 3.1 Solar water heating ............................................................................................................... 24 3.1.1 Evacuated tubes ............................................................................................................ 25 3.1.2 Flat plate collectors ....................................................................................................... 25 3.1.3 Appropriate areas for solar panels ............................................................................... 26 3.1.4 Checklist for solar thermal panels................................................................................. 27 3.2 Photo voltaic panels .............................................................................................................. 27 3.2.1 Checklist for solar PV panels. ........................................................................................ 28 3.3 Wind energy – small wind turbines ...................................................................................... 28 3.3.1 Supplying power using wind energy ............................................................................. 30 3.3.2 Heating using wind energy – Direct heating from wind ............................................... 30 3.3.3 Checklist for wind turbines ........................................................................................... 31 3.4 Biomass Heating .................................................................................................................... 31 3.4.1 Wood pellets ................................................................................................................. 32 3.4.2 Wood chips ................................................................................................................... 33 3.4.3 Logs ............................................................................................................................... 34 3.4.4 Checklist for Biomass .................................................................................................... 35 3.5 Heat Pumps ........................................................................................................................... 36 3.5.1 Efficient use of heat pump systems .............................................................................. 37 2 3.5.2 Ground Source Heat Pumps (GSHP).............................................................................. 38 3.5.3 Water Source Heat pumps (WSHP) ............................................................................... 39 3.5.4 Air source heat pump (ASHP) ........................................................................................ 40 3.5.5 Checklist for heat pumps .............................................................................................. 40 3.6 Exhaust air heat recovery (EAHR) ......................................................................................... 41 3.7 Wave and Tidal Power .......................................................................................................... 41 3.8 Accredited Installers ............................................................................................................. 41 3.9 Income from ROCs and FITs .................................................................................................. 41 Section 4: District Heating..................................................................................................................... 43 4.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................... 44 4.2 Determining the Energy Source ............................................................................................ 45 4.3 Project Management and contractual issues ....................................................................... 46 4.3.1 Checklist of Key points for district heating ................................................................... 46 4.4 Future directions ................................................................................................................... 47 4.4.1 Combined Heat and Power Plant (CHP) ........................................................................ 47 4.4.2 Anaerobic Digestion (AD) .............................................................................................. 47 4.4.3 District Wind to heat ..................................................................................................... 48 Section 5: Off - Grid Solutions .............................................................................................................. 49 5.1 Current off-grid Solutions ..................................................................................................... 50 5.2 Defining your requirements and options .............................................................................. 50 5.3 Building or small scale off-grid solutions .............................................................................. 51 5.4 Community scale off-grid solutions ...................................................................................... 52 Section 6: Generating and Selling Electricity- Community Ownership ................................................. 54 6.1 Strengthening communities through renewable energy projects ........................................ 55 6.2 Community consultation
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Lewis Wave Power Limited
    Lewis Wave Power Limited 40MW Oyster Wave Array North West Coast, Isle of Lewis Environmental Statement Volume 1: Non-Technical Summary March 2012 40MW Lewis Wave Array Environmental Statement 1. NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY 1.1 Introduction This document provides a Non-Technical Summary (NTS) of the Environmental Statement (ES) produced in support of the consent application process for the North West Lewis Wave Array, hereafter known as the development. The ES is the formal report of an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) undertaken by Lewis Wave Power Limited (hereafter known as Lewis Wave Power) into the potential impacts of the construction, operation and eventual decommissioning of the development. 1.2 Lewis Wave Power Limited Lewis Wave Power is a wholly owned subsidiary of Edinburgh based Aquamarine Power Limited, the technology developer of the Oyster wave power technology, which captures energy from near shore waves and converts it into clean sustainable electricity. Aquamarine Power installed the first full scale Oyster wave energy convertor (WEC) at the European Marine Energy Centre (EMEC) in Orkney, which began producing power to the National Grid for the first time in November 2009. That device has withstood two winters in the harsh Atlantic waters off the coast of Orkney in northern Scotland. Aquamarine Power recently installed the first of three next-generation devices also at EMEC which will form the first wave array of its type anywhere in the world. 1.3 Project details The wave array development will have the capacity to provide 40 Megawatts (MW), enough energy to power up to 38,000 homes and will contribute to meeting the Scottish Government’s targets of providing the equivalent of 100% of Scotland’s electricity generation from renewable sources by 2020.
    [Show full text]
  • SUSTAINABILITY REPORT ROYAL DUTCH SHELL PLC SUSTAINABILITY REPORT 2011 I Shell Sustainability Report 2011 Introduction
    SUSTAINABILITY REPORT ROYAL DUTCH SHELL PLC SUSTAINABILITY REPORT 2011 i Shell Sustainability Report 2011 Introduction CONTENTS ABOUT SHELL INTRODUCTION Shell is a global group of energy and petrochemical companies employing 90,000 people in more than 80 i ABOUT SHELL countries. Our aim is to help meet the energy needs of 1 INTRODUCTION FROM THE CEO society in ways that are economically, environmentally and socially responsible. OUR APPROACH Upstream 2 BUILDING A SUSTAINABLE ENERGY FUTURE Upstream consists of two organisations, Upstream International and Upstream Americas. Upstream searches for and recovers oil 3 SD AND OUR BUSINESS STRATEGY and natural gas, extracts heavy oil from oil sands for conversion 4 SAFETY into synthetic crudes, liqueƂ es natural gas and produces synthetic oil products using gas-to-liquids technology. It often works in joint 5 COMMUNITIES ventures, including those with national oil companies. Upstream 6 CLIMATE CHANGE markets and trades natural gas and electricity in support of its business. Our wind power activities are part of Upstream. Upstream 8 ENVIRONMENT International co-ordinates sustainable development policies and 9 LIVING BY OUR PRINCIPLES social performance across Shell. Downstream OUR ACTIVITIES Downstream manufactures, supplies and markets oil products and 10 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN ACTION chemicals worldwide. Our Manufacturing and Supply businesses include reƂ neries, chemical plants and the supply and distribution 11 KEY PROJECTS of feedstocks and products. Marketing sells a range of products 12 DELIVERING ENERGY RESPONSIBLY including fuels, lubricants, bitumen and liqueƂ ed petroleum 12 Natural gas gas for home, transport and industrial use. Chemicals markets 15 The Arctic petrochemicals for industrial customers.
    [Show full text]
  • ENERGY DARWINISM the Evolution of the Energy Industry
    ENERGY DARWINISM The Evolution of the Energy Industry Citi GPS: Global Perspectives & Solutions October 2013 J ason Channell Heath R J ansen Alastair R Syme Sofia Savvantidou Edward L Morse Anthony Yuen Citi is one of the world’s largest financial institutions, operating in all major established and emerging markets. Across these world markets, our employees conduct an ongoing multi-disciplinary global conversation – accessing information, analyzing data, developing insights, and formulating advice for our clients. As our premier thought-leadership product, Citi GPS is designed to help our clients navigate the global economy’s most demanding challenges, identify future themes and trends, and help our clients profit in a fast-changing and interconnected world. Citi GPS accesses the best elements of our global conversation and harvests the thought leadership of a wide range of senior professionals across our firm. This is not a research report and does not constitute advice on investments or a solicitation to buy or sell any financial instrument. For more information on Citi GPS, please visit www.citi.com/citigps. Citi GPS: Global Perspectives & Solutions October 2013 Jason Channell is a Director and Global Head of Citi's Alternative Energy and Cleantech equity research team. Throughout his career Jason's research has spanned the energy spectrum of utilities, oil & gas, and alternative energy. He has worked for both buy and sell-side firms, including Goldman Sachs and Fidelity Investments, and has been highly ranked in the Institutional Investor, Extel and Starmine external surveys. His knowledge has led to significant interaction with regulators and policymakers, most notably presenting to members of the US Senate Energy and Finance committees, and to United Nations think-tanks.
    [Show full text]
  • Board of Directors Macdonald Hotel, Aviemore Friday 23 September 2016 @ 2Pm
    Fèisean nan Gàidheal A’ toirt ar dualchais do ar n-òigridh Meeting of the Board of Directors MacDonald Hotel, Aviemore Friday 23 September 2016 @ 2pm Fèisean nan Gàidheal Meeting of the Board of Directors to be held at the MacDonald Hotel, Aviemore on Friday 23 September 2016 from 2.00pm Agenda 3.2016.01 PRELIMINARIES (a) Present (b) Apologies (c) Minutes of the previous meeting of the Fèisean nan Gàidheal Board For Approval (d) Matters arising 3.2016.02 DEVELOPMENT ISSUES (a) Progress in implementing Fèisean nan Gàidheal’s Programme of Work For Noting and Discussion (b) Blas 2016 Verbal for Noting (c) Summer Events Verbal for Noting (d) Fèisgoil Verbal for Noting (e) Tasgadh: Traditional Arts Small Grants Fund For Noting (f) FèisTV Verbal for Noting (g) Equality, Diversity and Inclusion Plan For Approval 3.2016.03 FINANCIAL ISSUES (a) Income and Expenditure 2016-17 For Noting and Discussion (b) Bank balances and up-to-date information Verbal for Noting (c) Management Accounts to 30 June 2016 For Noting and Discussion (d) Grants to Fèisean 2016-17 For Noting (e) Annual Accounts to 31 March 2016 For Approval (f) Re-appointment of Mann Judd Gordon as auditors Verbal for Approval (g) Funding Agreements For Noting (h) Discussions with Local Authorities Verbal for Noting 3.2016.04 STAFFING ISSUES (a) Development Officers Verbal for Noting (b) Inverness Offices For Noting 3.2016.05 OPERATIONAL ISSUES (a) Staff Progress Reports For Noting and Discussion (b) Programme for AGM & Conference 2016 For Noting (c) Annual Report 2016 For Approval (d)
    [Show full text]
  • Siadar Wave Energy Project Siadar 2 Scoping Report Voith Hydro Wavegen
    Siadar Wave Energy Project Siadar 2 Scoping Report Voith Hydro Wavegen Assignment Number: A30708-S00 Document Number: A-30708-S00-REPT-002 Xodus Group Ltd 8 Garson Place Stromness Orkney KW16 3EE UK T +44 (0)1856 851451 E [email protected] www.xodusgroup.com Environment Table of Contents 1 INTRODUCTION 6 1.1 The Proposed Development 6 1.2 The Developer 8 1.3 Oscillating Water Column Wave Energy Technology 8 1.4 Objectives of the Scoping Report 8 2 POLICY AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK 10 2.1 Introduction 10 2.2 Energy Policy 10 2.2.1 International Energy Context 10 2.2.2 National Policy 10 2.3 Marine Planning Framework 11 2.3.1 Marine (Scotland) Act 2010 and the Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009 11 2.3.2 Marine Policy Statement - UK 11 2.3.3 National and Regional Marine Plans 11 2.3.4 Marine Protected Areas 12 2.4 Terrestrial Planning Framework 12 2.5 Environmental Impact Assessment Legislation 12 2.5.1 Electricity Works (Environmental Impact Assessment) (Scotland) Regulations 2000 13 2.5.2 The Marine Works (Environmental Impact Assessment) Regulations 2007 13 2.5.3 The Environmental Impact Assessment (Scotland) Regulations 1999 13 2.5.4 Habitats Directive and Birds Directive 13 2.5.5 Habitats Regulations Appraisal and Appropriate Assessment 13 2.6 Consent Applications 14 3 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 15 3.1 Introduction 15 3.2 Rochdale Envelope 15 3.3 Project Aspects 15 3.3.1 Introduction 15 3.3.2 Shore Connection (Causeway and Jetty) 15 3.3.3 Breakwater Technology and Structure 16 3.3.4 Parallel Access Jetty 17 3.3.5 Site Access Road 17 3.3.6
    [Show full text]
  • Gaelic Barbarity and Scottish Identity in the Later Middle Ages
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Enlighten MacGregor, Martin (2009) Gaelic barbarity and Scottish identity in the later Middle Ages. In: Broun, Dauvit and MacGregor, Martin(eds.) Mìorun mòr nan Gall, 'The great ill-will of the Lowlander'? Lowland perceptions of the Highlands, medieval and modern. Centre for Scottish and Celtic Studies, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, pp. 7-48. ISBN 978085261820X Copyright © 2009 University of Glasgow A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge Content must not be changed in any way or reproduced in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holder(s) When referring to this work, full bibliographic details must be given http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/91508/ Deposited on: 24 February 2014 Enlighten – Research publications by members of the University of Glasgow http://eprints.gla.ac.uk 1 Gaelic Barbarity and Scottish Identity in the Later Middle Ages MARTIN MACGREGOR One point of reasonably clear consensus among Scottish historians during the twentieth century was that a ‘Highland/Lowland divide’ came into being in the second half of the fourteenth century. The terminus post quem and lynchpin of their evidence was the following passage from the beginning of Book II chapter 9 in John of Fordun’s Chronica Gentis Scotorum, which they dated variously from the 1360s to the 1390s:1 The character of the Scots however varies according to the difference in language. For they have two languages, namely the Scottish language (lingua Scotica) and the Teutonic language (lingua Theutonica).
    [Show full text]
  • Water Safety Policy in Scotland —A Guide
    Water Safety Policy in Scotland —A Guide 2 Introduction Scotland is surrounded by coastal water – the North Sea, the Irish Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. In addition, there are also numerous bodies of inland water including rivers, burns and about 25,000 lochs. Being safe around water should therefore be a key priority. However, the management of water safety is a major concern for Scotland. Recent research has found a mixed picture of water safety in Scotland with little uniformity or consistency across the country.1 In response to this research, it was suggested that a framework for a water safety policy be made available to local authorities. The Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents (RoSPA) has therefore created this document to assist in the management of water safety. In order to support this document, RoSPA consulted with a number of UK local authorities and organisations to discuss policy and water safety management. Each council was asked questions around their own area’s priorities, objectives and policies. Any policy specific to water safety was then examined and analysed in order to help create a framework based on current practice. It is anticipated that this framework can be localised to each local authority in Scotland which will help provide a strategic and consistent national approach which takes account of geographical areas and issues. Water Safety Policy in Scotland— A Guide 3 Section A: The Problem Table 1: Overall Fatalities 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 Data from National Water Safety Forum, WAID database, July 14 In recent years the number of drownings in Scotland has remained generally constant.
    [Show full text]
  • Digest of United Kingdom Energy Statistics 2012
    Digest of United Kingdom Energy Statistics 2012 Production team: Iain MacLeay Kevin Harris Anwar Annut and chapter authors A National Statistics publication London: TSO © Crown Copyright 2012 All rights reserved First published 2012 ISBN 9780115155284 Digest of United Kingdom Energy Statistics Enquiries about statistics in this publication should be made to the contact named at the end of the relevant chapter. Brief extracts from this publication may be reproduced provided that the source is fully acknowledged. General enquiries about the publication, and proposals for reproduction of larger extracts, should be addressed to Kevin Harris, at the address given in paragraph XXIX of the Introduction. The Department of Energy and Climate Change reserves the right to revise or discontinue the text or any table contained in this Digest without prior notice. About TSO's Standing Order Service The Standing Order Service, open to all TSO account holders, allows customers to automatically receive the publications they require in a specified subject area, thereby saving them the time, trouble and expense of placing individual orders, also without handling charges normally incurred when placing ad-hoc orders. Customers may choose from over 4,000 classifications arranged in 250 sub groups under 30 major subject areas. These classifications enable customers to choose from a wide variety of subjects, those publications that are of special interest to them. This is a particularly valuable service for the specialist library or research body. All publications will be dispatched immediately after publication date. Write to TSO, Standing Order Department, PO Box 29, St Crispins, Duke Street, Norwich, NR3 1GN, quoting reference 12.01.013.
    [Show full text]
  • Survey of the Economic Conditions of Crofting 2015-2018
    Survey of the Economic Conditions of Crofting 2015 -2018 AGRICULTURE, ENVIRONMENT AND MARINE social research Survey of the Economic Conditions of Crofting 2015 – 2018 Carolyn Black, Chris Martin and Rachel Warren Ipsos MORI December 2018 Contents Key Findings ............................................................................................................ 1 1. Introduction and methodology ....................................................................... 4 2. Profile of crofters ............................................................................................. 6 3. Crofting activities .......................................................................................... 11 4. Financial issues in crofting .......................................................................... 16 5. Investments in the croft ................................................................................ 24 6. Sources of information on crofting ............................................................. 29 7. The future of crofting .................................................................................... 32 8. Conclusions ................................................................................................... 36 Appendix A - Questionnaire ................................................................................. 38 Key Findings Building on previous publications, in 2010 and 2014, this report provides a detailed outline of the uses and financial situation of crofts in the years between 2015
    [Show full text]
  • THE CROFTER for Crofters for Crofting SCF Is Dedicated to Campaigning for Crofters and Fighting for the Future of Crofting
    Scottish Crofting Federation THE CROFTER for crofters for crofting SCF is dedicated to campaigning for crofters and fighting for the future of crofting APRIL 2020 Number 120 Crofting law reform HE LAW Society of Scotland (LSS) rural affairs sub-committee has Tselected four crofting law matters which are being considered in detail as part of a project for 2020. Stakeholders identified these matters as ones which would merit reform. The project focuses on the legal aspects, with a view to suggesting specific improvements to existing legislation and influencing © Martin Benson – Tiree © Martin Benson – legislative change. LSS is not undertaking a full review of the law relating to crofting. The consultation sought the views of interested stakeholders on the identified aspects of the law of crofting. LSS invited What is crofting views and experiences of the following matters and any suggestions for legal changes: • croft succession – in particular, circumstances where there is no development? transfer of a tenant’s interest within two years of the date of death; ANY WILL remember that, as part of crofting development. This was such a big topic • the legal status and definition of owner- the 2010 crofting legislation reform, that a sub-group was to be formed. At the time occupier crofter – for example, it is Mthe overseeing of crofting development there was a Crofting Law Stakeholders Group believed that there are around 1000 was taken away from the Crofters Commission convened by Scottish Government and it was felt individuals who own and physically (as it was then) and given to Highlands and that a Crofting Development Stakeholders Group occupy crofts (some pre-1955 Act Islands Enterprise.
    [Show full text]
  • SSE Annual Report 2006
    POWERFUL OPPORTUNITIES Scottish and Southern Energy plc Annual Report 2006 Scottish and Southern Energy Annual Report 2006 Contents Chairman’s Statement 1 Directors’ Report 28 Dividends 59 What We Do 2 Corporate Governance 29 Earnings Per Share 60 Where We Are 4 Organisation and Structure 29 Intangible Assets 61 Key Performance Indicators 6 Board Effectiveness 30 Property, Plant and Equipment 63 Chief Executive’s Statement 8 Board Commitees 30 Investment in Associates and Joint Ventures 64 Audit Committee 30 Subsidiary Undertakings 66 Directors’ Statement 9 Remuneration Committee 31 Acquisitions and Disposals 68 Financial Overview 9 Nomination Committee 31 Inventories 70 Energy Systems 9 Risk Committee 32 Trade and Other Receivables 70 Generation and Supply 13 Executive Committee 32 Cash and Cash Equivalents 70 Contracting, Connections and Metering 20 Health, Safety and Environmental Advisory Committee 32 Trade and Other Payables 71 Gas Storage 21 Internal Control and Risk Management Current Tax Liabilities 71 Telecoms 22 Committee 32 Construction Contracts 71 Exceptional Items 22 Going Concern 33 Loans and Other Borrowings 71 Capital Expenditure 22 Communication with Shareholders Deferred Taxation 74 Financial Management 23 and Major Business Stakeholders 33 Provisions 75 Tax 23 Share Capital 76 Balance Sheet 25 Directors’ Biographies and Responsibilities 34 Reserves 76 Purchase of own Shares 25 Remuneration Report 36 Minority Interests 77 Corporate Responsibility 25 Retirement Benefit Obligations 78 Strategy and Outlook 25 Independent
    [Show full text]
  • Industrial Impact the Power of Scotland's Renewables Sector
    Supported by Industrial impact the power of Scotland’s renewables sector Wind Service at E.ON INTRODUCTION Climate and Renewables Despite daily headlines on energy, climate change and the growth of renewables, few people appreciate the scale of the transformation which is steadily underway in our energy sector. In just eight years Scotland has almost tripled its Glasgow and Edinburgh are home to large power utilities renewable energy capacity, and made a massive dent in as well as some of our most cutting-edge science, the country’s carbon emissions as a result. research and innovation organisations – companies like Limpet Technologies and Neo Environmental are The industrial benefits of this strategic transformation developing unique products which are already being are as impressive as the environmental ones: exported across the globe. renewable energy is driving innovation and clean growth across Scotland. Research by Scottish Renewables in December 2016 showed Scottish renewable energy businesses like these The sector currently employs 21,000 people, from have been involved in projects worth £125.3 million in 43 entrepreneurs who’re designing new ways to capture countries in every continent bar Antarctica. energy from nature, consultants who make projects viable, E.ON in Scotland lawyers who negotiate contracts, a supply chain which In the south of Scotland, organisations like Natural Power builds wind farms, hydro plant and solar farms and an and Green Cat Group are nurturing workforces skilled army of highly-skilled engineers and technicians who in providing the development support that renewable E.ON, through its renewables arm E.ON Climate and multiple turbine manufacturers/types across Europe.
    [Show full text]