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Geography & History GEOGRAPHY & HISTORY 1º DE E.S.O IES FERNANDO III CENTRO BILINGÜE GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY UNIT 7: Ancient Greece UNIT 7: ANCIENT GREECE OUTLINE ASPECTOS LINGÜÍSTICOS VOCABULARY 1 - ANCIENT GREECE: GEOGRAPHY AND PRESENT SIMPLE ARCHITECTONICAL PERIODS IMPERATIVE ORDERS GEOGRAPHY PERIODS LOS PASADOS ARISTOCRACY TO BE ARMY 2 - ORIGINS OF GREEK CIVILIZATION (UNTIL THERE WAS ASTRONOMERS CLASSICAL GREECE) THERE WERE. CHOOSE MINOAN CIVILIZATION VERBOS REGULARES/ MYCENAEAN CIVILIZATION CROPS GREEK DARK AGE IRREGULARES EN DEFEAT ACTIVITIES PASADO AFIRMATIVA. DEMOCRACY CONTABLES/INCONTABL FARMERS 3 - THE CLASSICAL GREECE ES GODS AND ATHENS SOME/ ANY SPARTA GODDESSES PERSIAN AND PELOPONESIAN WARS GREAT ACTIVITIES PHONETICS HISTORICAL EVENTS HUMAN BEING 4 - THE HELLENISTIC GREECE SENTENCE STRESS MYTHOLOGY THE MACEDONIAN KINGDOM LAS CONSONANTES OLIGACHY ALEXANDER THE GREAT PHILOSOPHERS HELLENISTIC MONARCHIES ACTIVITIES POLEIS STOCKBREEDERS 5 - LIFE IN GREEK POLEIS ACROPOLIS AND AGORAS TEMPLE ECONOMY THEATRE SOCIETY ACTIVITIES 6 - RELIGION GODS, GODESSES, HEROES TEMPLES, ORACLES ACTIVITIES 7- PHILOSOPHY, LITERATURE, SCIENCE AND HELLENISTIC CULTURE ACTIVITIES 8 - GREEK ART ARCHITECTURE SCULPTURE PAINTING ACTIVITIES 9 - VOCABULARY 56 I.E.S. FERNANDO III EL SANTO / PROYECTO BILINGÜE A.N.L.: GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY UNIT 7: Ancient Greece Image from: http://www.mrbarham.com/myth/handouts/map.gif 1 – Ancient Greece: Geography and periods 1. Ancient Greece developed in the Eastern Mediterranean, in Balcanic and Peloponeso Peninsulas. These territories are between the Ionian Sea and the Aegean Sea. Those seas have a lot of islands. The ancient Greeks occupied those islands and territories in Asia Minor (Anatolian Peninsula). They enlarged their dominions to other places in the Western Mediterranean (Sicily) and the Black Sea. 2. The History of Ancient Greece was divided into different periods: - The Bronze Age: - Minoan Civilization (3000 BC – 1450 BC) - Mycenaean Civilization (1600 BC – 1200 BC) - The Greek Dark Age (1200 BC – 750 BC) - The Archaic Period (8th century – 6th century BC) - The Classical Greece. - 5th century BC - 4th century BC - The Hellenistic Greece - 4th century BC - 1st century BC 2 – Origins of Greek Civilization (until Classical Greece) There were peoples in the Helenic Peninsula from Prehistoric Times. During the Metal Age there were three periods: Image from: http://www.mlahanas.de/Greeks/Minoan/Minoan2.jpg 1. Minoan Civilization (3000 BC – 1450 BC): It was developed in the island of Crete. Many kings ruled this island. The most famous king was Minos who ruled from the Knossos Palace, although in reality Minos was a mythological king. Minos was associated in Greek myth with the labyrinth. Minoans knew the writing, inhabited villages with great palaces, and traded throughout the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. 57 I.E.S. FERNANDO III EL SANTO / PROYECTO BILINGÜE A.N.L.: GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY UNIT 7: Ancient Greece Image from: http://farm1.static.flickr.com/154/414101410_9083a94b18.jpg?v=1173373662 2. Mycenaean Civilization (1600 BC – 1200 BC): Its Capital City was the city- state of Mycenae which was located in the north-eastern Peloponnese Peninsula (Continental Greece). Its principal economic activities were livestock breeding, agriculture and trading 3. of metals. The fall of this civilization happened because of the Dorian invasion. 4. Greek Dark Age (1200 BC – 750 BC): Dorians invaded Peloponnese and subjugated its peoples. The villages became city-states and they called them <<poleis>>. The Archaic Period was occurred from the 8th century BC to the 6th century BC. Local chiefs or kings ruled the Polis, but they lost their power along this period step by step. The aristocracy held public positions and oppressed the people. In some cities there were revolts against aristocracy and tyrants arose in those polis. A few of these tyrants made political and economic reforms. Polis had problems because they didn´t have farmlands for agriculture. They needed new farmlands, so they founded colonies throughout the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea. Image from: http://www.greek-islands.us/ancient-greece/greek-ship.gif . Activities: - Answer these questions: Where is Greece? What are the names of the seas near Greece? Which territories did the Greeks occupy and enlarge? - Make a time line showing the periods of Ancient Greece 3 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 8 6 4 2 0 0 8 6 4 2 0 8 6 4 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC - Answer these questions: What was Minos? Do you know the myth of the labyrinth? What is it? What was the capital city of Mycenaeans? What territories did the Dorians invade? Why did the tyrants fight against aristocracy? Where did poleis found colonies? - Look for the names of five poleis of the Ancient Greece. 58 I.E.S. FERNANDO III EL SANTO / PROYECTO BILINGÜE A.N.L.: GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY UNIT 7: Ancient Greece 3 – THE CLASSICAL GREECE - The classical period (5th century BC and 4th century BC) was the most brilliant time in the history of Ancient Greece. Image from: http://www.giantsm.com/martin/Referencias/01%20-%20B%20-%20Rey%20Blanco%20(Pericles)/Pericles1.jpg - In this time there were a lot of city-states (poleis). The most important city-states were Athens and Sparta. 1. Athens: - During 5th century Athens developed democracy. The citizens could vote laws and choose public servants and they decided about war and peace. The citizens were free men and they participated in the Ecclesia (Ekklesia) which was a popular assembly. Magistrates carried out the decisions of Ecclesia and the council (Boule) prepared laws and collaborated with the Ecclesia. The council (Boule) was a kind of Senate. Women, slaves and foreigners were not citizens. - Athens reached its maximun splendor under the government of Pericles (5th century). 2. Sparta. Image from: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Helmed_Hoplite_Sparta_2.png - The political system in Sparta was an oligarchy. Two kings governed the city with religious and civil powers. The Gerusia was a Spartan Senate. It had 28 old men. They elaborated projects for Popular Assembly (Apella). All Spartan citizens participated in the Apella. The Apella chose 5 magistrates. They carried out decisions of the Apella. Women, slaves and foreigners were not citizens. During the 5th century there were several wars: Image from: http://media.photobucket.com/image/Inmortal%20persian/mooshy_01/Persian_Immortal_Guard.jpg 1. Persian Wars: They were a series of conflicts between several Greek city-states and the Persian Empire. There were several invasions of the Greek mainland in 490 BC and in 480-479 BC; in both cases, the allied Greeks repelled the invasions successfully. The Athenians organized the Delian League with several city-states to fight against the Persians. They made a great and powerful fleet which defeated the Persian fleet. 2. The Peloponesian War (from 431BC to 404 BC). Athens and its allies fought against Sparta and its allies. Sparta won the war and imposed an oligarchy in Athens. Spartans destroyed the port and the walls of Athens. Image from: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/Hoplite_fight_from_Athenss_Museum.jpg 59 I.E.S. FERNANDO III EL SANTO / PROYECTO BILINGÜE A.N.L.: GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY UNIT 7: Ancient Greece . Activities: - Read the questions. Choose the correct answer. What was the Eklessia?: a) a council b) a popular assembly c) a magistrate What was the Gerusia?: a) a Spartan senate b) a popular assembly c) a magistrate Who did the Apella choose ? a) 3 magistrates b) 5 magistrates c) 4 magistrates In which polis were there not women, foreigners and slaves ? a) Athens b) Sparta c) Athens and Sparta What is an oligarchy? a) a democratic government b) a Boule c) a minority government - Answer these questions: Have you watched the film <<300>>? What is your opinion about this film? Do you think that the film reflects the historical truth? - Look for the names of the four battles in the Persian Wars. Look for the name of three poleis allied with Athens and three poleis allied with Sparta during the Peloponesian War. 4 – The Hellenistic Greece Image from: http://faculty-staff.ou.edu/L/A-Robert.R.Lauer-1/alexanderthegreat.jpe The Hellenistic period (from the 4th century BC to the 1st century BC) began when the Macedonian kingdom (in the north of Greece) conquered the Greek poleis. Macedonia had a hereditary monarchy. The king Philip II began the conquest of Greece. His son, Alexander the Great, continued the expansion and created the greatest empire of the ancient world. He invaded Syria, Egypt, Mesopotamia and submitted its peoples. He defeated the Persians and went on to India. When he died his Empire was divided into several kingdoms. Finally, there were three Hellenistic monarchies with their dynasties: one in Macedonia and Greece, another in Asia and other in Egypt. During the 2nd century and the 1st century BC Rome conquered Greece and its territories and they became Roman provinces. Image from: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/14/Map-alexander-empire.png 60 I.E.S. FERNANDO III EL SANTO / PROYECTO BILINGÜE A.N.L.: GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY UNIT 7: Ancient Greece . Activities: - Look at the map in page number five and write the names of five territories of the Empire of Alexander the Great.
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