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Paul F. Hoffman Series GEOSCIENCE CANADA Volume 39 2012 77 PAUL F. HOFFMAN SERIES capped by platformal carbonate after la formation locale d’un relief the establishment of a NNW-facing topographique et une prisme des stromatolitic reef complex that formed strates. Ces dernières ont finalement at the same time as reefs in the Little été recouvertes de carbonates de plate- Dal Group of the Mackenzie Moun- forme issus de la mise en place d’un tains, Northwest Territories. Correla- complexe récifal stromatolitique tions between specific formations exposé NNW contigu à la formation within these groups and with equiva- de même âge du groupe Little Dal des lent strata in the Shaler Supergroup on montagnes Ogilvie, en Territoires du Victoria Island are tested with carbon Nord-Ouest. Les corrélations existant isotope chemostratigraphy. The basin- entre des formations spécifiques de forming event that accommodated chacun de ces groupes, sont testées Early Neoproterozoic Basin these strata was restricted to north- grâce à la chimiostratigraphie des iso- Formation in Yukon, western Laurentia (present day coordi- topes du carbone. De ce fait, cet Canada: Implications for nates) and does not represent wide- événement ne correspond pas au large spread rifting of the entire western rifting s’étendant sur l’entière bordure the make-up and break-up margin. Instead we propose that these ouest de la Laurentie et nous pro- of Rodinia strata were accommodated by exten- posons à la place, que ces strates ont sion and localized subsidence associat- été localisées au cours d’un rift avorté ed with the passing of Rodinia over a généré par la mise en place simultanée Francis A. Macdonald1*, Galen P. plume and the emplacement of the des larges provinces ignées Guibei Halverson2, Justin V. Strauss1, Emily coeval Guibei (China) and Gairdner (Chine) et Gairdner (Australie). La bor- F. Smith1, Grant Cox2, Erik A. (Australia) large igneous provinces. dure nord de la Laurentie a été réac- Sperling1, Charles F. Roots3 1 Deposition culminated with the intru- tivée par une nouvelle phase d’exten- Department of Earth and Planetary sion of the Gunbarrel dykes. The sion à ca. 720 Ma associée à l’emplace- Sciences, Harvard University, 20, Oxford northern margin of Laurentia was ment de la province ignée Franklin. St., Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A. 2 reactivated by renewed extension at ca. L’amincissement crustal et la formation Department of Earth and Planetary 720 Ma associated with the emplace- d’une marge passive thermiquement Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, ment of the Franklin large igneous subsidente le long de la bordure ouest Canada province. Significant crustal thinning de la Laurentie ne se sont certainement 3 Geological Survey of Canada, Whitehorse, and generation of a thermally subsid- pas produits avant l’Édiacarien supé- YT, YIA 1B5, Canada ing passive margin on the western mar- rieur. *[email protected] gin of Laurentia may not have occurred until the late Ediacaran. INTRODUCTION SUMMARY The supercontinent Rodinia was origi- Geological mapping and stratigraphic RÉSUMÉ nally conceived on the basis of 1.2–1.0 analysis of the early Neoproterozoic Le cartographiage géologique et Ga orogenesis on several continents Fifteenmile Group in the western l’analyse stratigraphique du groupe and Neoproterozoic–Cambrian-age Ogilvie Mountains of Yukon, Canada, néoprotézoïque Fifteenmile situé à rifting and development of passive have revealed large lateral facies l’ouest des montagnes Ogilvie du margins surrounding Laurentia (Bond changes in both carbonate and silici- Yukon, Canada, ont révélé de grands and Kominz 1984; Dalziel 1991; Hoff- clastic strata. Syn-sedimentary NNW- changements latéraux de faciès à la fois man 1991; Moores 1991). However, side-down normal faulting, during dep- pour les strates carbonatées et silico- the exact arrangement of cratons, the osition of the lower Fifteenmile clastiques. La mise en place des failles timing and geometry of break-up, the Group, generated local topographic normales syn-sédimentaires inclinées number of rifting events, and the rela- relief and wedge-shaped stratal geome- vers le NNW au cours du dépôt du tionship to large igneous provinces tries. These strata were eventually groupe Fifteenmile inférieur, a entrainé (LIPs) have remained controversial 78 (e.g. Hoffman 1991; Moores 1991; Dalziel 1997; Sears and Price 2003; Goodge et al. 2008; Li et al. 2008b; Evans 2009). The construction of an accurate Rodinian paleogeography and understanding the chronology of breakup is essential for testing pro- posed links between Neoproterozoic tectonics, climate, and biogeochemistry. For example, enhanced weatherability and CO2 consumption during the break-up of Rodinia has been pro- posed as the background condition for the cooling trend that culminated in Cryogenian glaciation and Snowball Earth (Kirschvink 1992; Hoffman et al. 1998; Hoffman and Schrag 2002; Schrag et al. 2002; Godderis et al. 2003; Donnadieu et al. 2004). Paleogeographic reconstruc- tions place Laurentia in the core of Rodinia (e.g. Li et al. 2008b). Multiple extensional events attributed to rifting of the western margin of Laurentia Figure 1. Distribution of Proterozoic strata in the Ogilvie, Wernecke, and Macken- (present coordinates) have been previ- zie mountains of NW Canada, modified from Abbott (1997). ously identified in the Windermere Supergroup (~0.78–0.54 Ga, Sequence suite of NE–SW oriented transfer Based on these data, we propose new C of Young et al. 1979), including at faults in the Katherine and Little Dal correlations for Sequence B strata least one in the ca. 780–660 Ma Coates groups based on abrupt lithofacies and between Yukon and Northwest Terri- Lake and Rapitan groups in the north- thickness variations and suggested that tories and a new model for the tectonic ern Cordillera (Jefferson and Parrish the MMSG was accommodated by evolution of northwestern Laurentia 1989; Mustard 1991; Lund et al. 2003; SW–NE extension on the western from the formation to the break-up of Macdonald et al. 2010b), and another margin of Laurentia. This model the supercontinent Rodinia. in the ca. 580–560 Ma Hamill-Gog invoked a simple shear, upper Group in the southern Cordillera (Col- plate–lower plate detachment geometry GEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND pron et al. 2002). However, earlier and (Lister et al. 1986) previously devel- Tectonic Setting poorly understood early Neoprotero- oped for the early Paleozoic passive Proterozoic strata in the northwestern zoic basin forming events (Sequence B margin, where margin-orthogonal Canadian Cordillera are preserved in of Young et al. 1979) are also required transfer faults were proposed (Cecile et erosional windows separated by 40–80 to accommodate the Pinguicula and al. 1997). Although strong lineaments km of Phanerozoic cover (termed Fifteenmile groups of the Yukon and are present in the Ediacaran to early ‘inliers’; Fig. 1). The inliers of the the equivalent Mackenzie Mountains Paleozoic Selwyn Basin (Cecile et al. Ogilvie Mountains are situated on the Supergroup (MMSG) in the Mackenzie 1997), their involvement in an earlier ‘Yukon block’ (Jeletsky 1962), which is Mountains and Shaler Supergroup on extension is speculative. None of the an isostatically independent crustal Victoria Island (Figs. 1 and 2). Aitken proposed early Neoproterozoic trans- block separated on its eastern margin (1981) documented facies patterns in fer faults were identified in surface from the North American autochthon the Little Dal Group of the MMSG exposures in the Mackenzie Mountains by the Cretaceous to Paleogene that suggested a NNW-facing margin, (Turner and Long 2008). Richardson Fault Array (Norris 1997; including a stromatolitic buttress in the Early Neoproterozoic strata in Hall and Cook 1998). This Platform Assemblage that faces the the Yukon and Alaska have been large- NNW–SSE zone of crustal weakness Basinal Assemblage to the NNW. Cit- ly overlooked in tectonic models of roughly outlines large Paleozoic facies ing the lack of syn-sedimentary fault- basin development. Here we present changes that define the Richardson ing, obvious syn-rift deposits and the the first detailed stratigraphic descrip- Trough (Cecile 1982, 2000; Cecile et al. continuity of early Neoproterozoic tion of the Fifteenmile Group in the 1997), large Neoproterozoic facies sequences between the Mackenzie Coal Creek inlier of Yukon, Canada. changes in the Windermere and Mountains and Victoria Island, Rain- We further complement these strati- Mackenzie Mountains Supergroups bird et al. (1996) proposed that graphic descriptions with new geologi- (Eisbacher 1981; Norris 1997), and the Sequence B strata were deposited in an cal mapping (Fig. 3), and detailed car- easternmost extent of exposure of the intracratonic sag basin. Alternatively, bon isotope chemostratigraphy Pinguicula Group and Wernecke Turner and Long (2008) inferred a through large lateral facies changes. Supergroup (Delaney 1981; Eisbacher GEOSCIENCE CANADA Volume 39 2012 79 Figure 2. Proposed lithostratigraphic correlation of Neoproterozoic strata between the different Proterozoic inliers of the Ogilvie Mountains, the Wernecke/Mackenzie Mountains, and Victoria Island. Stratigraphy of the Wernecke and Mackenzie Mountains adapted from Turner (2010) and stratigraphy of Victoria Island adapted from Long et al. (2009). Microfossil assem- blages of the lower Wynniatt Formation (Wynniatt assemblage) and Rusty Shale formation (Rusty assemblage) are described by Butterfield (2005a, b) and Butterfield and Rainbird (1998).
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