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Structural Constraints on Deep-Seated Slope Deformation Kinematics
Engineering Geology 59 (2001) 83±102 www.elsevier.nl/locate/enggeo Structural constraints on deep-seated slope deformation kinematics F. Agliardia, G. Crostaa,*, A. Zanchib aDipartimento di Scienze Geologiche e Geotecnologie, UniversitaÁ di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 4, 20126 Milan, Italy bDipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente e del Territorio, UniversitaÁ di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milan, Italy Received 2 February 2000; accepted for publication 29 June 2000 Abstract A signi®cant sackung-type deep-seated slope gravitational deformation (DSGSD) was recognised for the ®rst time by the authors in the middle part of Valfurva, east of Bormio (Rhaetian Alps, Italy). The reconstruction of its kinematics, age and state of activity is presented, through a detailed description of its morphological, geomechanical and structural features. An inte- grated multi-disciplinary approach was performed to achieve a clear comprehension of the phenomenon. Field surveys and aero-photo interpretation were carried out in order to clarify the structural, geological and geomorphological setting in which the DSGSD developed. A kinematic conceptual model of the slope deformation was developed through the analysis of morpho- structures, of their signi®cance and relationships with lithological markers and Quaternary deposits. After a geomechanical characterisation of the rock mass involved in the slope deformation, numerical modelling was performed to verify the hypotheses made on kinematics and driving factors of the phenomenon. The sackung affects pre-Permian metapelites, meta- basites and marbles belonging to the Upper Austroalpine basement of the Campo Nappe, as well as Late Pleistocene and Holocene glacial and rock glacier deposits. The deformation started after the Late-Wurmian age (15,000±11,000 years B.P.), and continued until few centuries ago, not excluding a present-day low-rate activity. -
From the Alpine Glacial Landscapes to the Prealpine Lacustrine
Landscapes of Northern Lombardy: from the glacial scenery of Upper Valtellina to the Prealpine lacustrine environment of Lake Como Irene Bollati(1), Manuela Pelfini(1) and Claudio Smiraglia(1) (1)Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 34, 20133 Milano, Italy corresponding author: Irene Bollati <[email protected]> Abstract In the region between Valtellina and Lake Como in the Central Italian Alps, one can visit, in a relatively small area, some of the best examples of mountain geomorphological landscapes of Italy. Eight specific sites, showing peculiar glacial, periglacial, structural, gravity-induced and erosional landforms , have been selected to illustrate how different landscapes may originate from geomorphological modelling of different lithotypes in different morphogenetic systems. These eight sites are exemplary cases in which significant evidence of past and current climatic and structural conditions characterising this region is exhibited. Keywords Glacial landscape, periglacial landscape, structural landscape, Valtellina, Lake Como 1. Introduction The Central Italian Alps and the related Prealpine areas are characterised by different structural domains of the Alpine range and by different climatic conditions. As a consequence, a succession of various landscapes and landforms related to the lithological and structural complexity of the Alpine region characterises this territory; changes in landforms modelled under different geological and climatic conditions are observable within a region spanning just a few kilometres. The outcropping lithotypes behave differently with respect to chemical and mechanical weathering and, especially in the Alpine high mountain environment, surface processes are subject to variations in intensity as a consequence of climate change. In this sense, the high mountain environment allows us to directly observe landscape responses to the current climatic trend. -
Giro D'italia
INSIDE THE GIRO D'ITALIA BORMIO, ITALIAN ALPS 25 -31 MAY 2019 Inside the Giro O V E R V I E W Bormio is regarded as a paradise for road cyclists, and is the location of some of the most iconic (and intimidating!) climbs in the world! The trip provides you with the opportunity to ride the wild and beautiful Gavia Pass, the famous Mortirolo Pass and the Stelvio with its 48 hairpins, which are enough to test the legs of the any climber! The mountains around Bormio have been graced by some of the biggest names in cycling, from legends such as Eddy Merckx and Marco Pantani to the giants of today such as Nibali and Froome. The climbs here are firmly planted in the history of cycling, and we look forward to giving you the opportunity to tackle them for yourself. What's more, you'll get the unique opportunity to see the peleton of the Giro as they tackle the monstrous Mortirolo, one of Europe's hardest climbs - you simply cannot beat watching these events first hand, the atmosphere is incredible. Plus, as an added bonus, we'll pay a visit to a Pro-Tour-Canyon Sponsored Team to top it all off. The team will be there to support you every step of the way, with detailed briefings, ride leader support, scheduled food stops and quality hotel accommodation. In addition, we have Canyon rental bikes available on request. This week is not just a training camp, its an incredible once in a lifetime experience for any cycling enthusiast. -
Regional Intermediate Report Lombardia Region, Italy Franco Cocquio
Lombardia Region – General Direction Industry, SMEs and Cooperation Regional Intermediate Report Lombardia Region, Italy Franco Cocquio Table of Contents Table of Contents 2 Table of Figures and Maps 4 1. Introduction 5 1.1. ACCESS: Project Background 5 1.2. Workpackage 5 – Regional Studies: Goals, Objectives and Activities 6 2. Country Profile: Italy 8 2.1. Territorial Organisation 8 2.2. Spatial Policies in Italy 8 2.3. Roles and Responsibilities in Services of General Interest (SGI): Themes 9 2.3.1. Public Transport 9 2.3.2. Information and Communication Technology (ICT): Internet 10 2.3.3. Every Day Needs 10 3. Regional and Test Areas Profile 12 3.1. Geographical Situation 12 3.1.1. Topographical Specifics of the Test Areas 12 3.1.2. Settlement Pattern 14 3.1.3. Role of the Major Settlements 15 3.2. Demography: Demographic Development 16 3.2.1. Lombardia Region 16 3.2.2. Test Area 1 Valli del Luinese 16 3.2.3. Test Area 2 Valsassina 16 3.2.4. Test Area 3 Alta Valtellina 17 3.3. Socio-Economic Situation 17 3.3.1. Economic Structure 17 3.3.2. Commuting to and from Work 19 3.4. Development of Tourism 20 3.4.1. Lombardia Region 20 3.4.2. Test Area 1 Valli del Luinese 20 3.4.3. Test Area 2 Valsassina 21 3.4.4. Test Area 3 Alta Valtellina 21 4. Services of General Interest (SGI) in the Test Areas: Description, Evaluation, Problems and Perspectives 22 4.1. Methodology of Evaluation of Services of General Interest 22 4.2. -
(Italy): Constraints on the Recent Evolution of the Mountain Range
Tectonophysics 474 (2009) 250–270 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Tectonophysics journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/tecto Tectonic vs. gravitational morphostructures in the central Eastern Alps (Italy): Constraints on the recent evolution of the mountain range Federico Agliardi, Andrea Zanchi ⁎, Giovanni B. Crosta Dipartimento di Scienze Geologiche e Geotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 4, Milano 20126, Italy article info abstract Article history: Deep-seated gravitational slope deformations (DSGSDs) influence landscape development in tectonically Received 7 March 2008 active mountain ranges. Nevertheless, the relationships among tectonics, DSGSDs, and topography are poorly Received in revised form 22 December 2008 known. In this paper, the distribution of DSGSDs and their relationships with tectonic structures and active Accepted 22 February 2009 processes, surface processes, and topography were investigated at different scales. Over 100 DSGSDs were Available online 28 February 2009 mapped in a 5000 km2 sector of the central Eastern Alps between the Valtellina, Engadine and Venosta valleys. Detailed lineament mapping was carried out by photo-interpretation in a smaller area (about Keywords: 750 km2) including the upper Valtellina and Val Venosta. Fault populations were also analysed in the field Faulting Active tectonics and their mechanisms unravelled, allowing to identify different structural stages, the youngest being Deep-seated gravitational slope deformation consistent with the regional pattern of the ongoing crustal deformation. Finally, four DSGSD examples have Relief been investigated in detail by geological and 2D geomechanical modelling. Numerical modelling DSGSDs affect more than 10% of the study area, and mainly cluster in areas where anisotropic fractured rock Central Eastern Alps mass and high local relief occur. -
Integration of Nature Protection in Swiss Forest Policy
Integration of Nature Protection in Swiss Forest Policy INTEGRATE Country Report for Switzerland Mario Angst Eidg. Forschungsanstalt für Wald, Schnee und Landschaft WSL Integration of Nature Protection in Swiss Forest Policy INTEGRATE Country Report for Switzerland Mario Angst Published by Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL Birmensdorf, 2012 Author Mario Angst Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL Zürcherstrasse 111 CH-8903 Birmensdorf With contributions by Tobias Schulz Roland Olschewski Citation ANGST, M., 2012: Integration of Nature Protection in Swiss Forest Policy. INTEGRATE Country Report for Switzerland. Country report within the framework of the research project INTEGRATE (Integration of nature protection in forest management and its relation to other functions/services) of the Central European Office of the European Forest Institute (EFICENT), Freiburg i.B. [published online July 2012] Available from World Wide Web <http://www.wsl.ch/publikationen/ pdf/11873.pdf>. Birmensdorf, Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape, WSL. 76 S. This country report was elaborated during a traineeship of Mario Angst at WSL (January to April 2012), which was coordinated by the Interfaculty Coordination Unit for General Ecology – IKAÖ (University of Bern) and supervised by Prof. Thomas Hammer (IKAÖ) and Dr. Tobias Schulz (WSL). Picture credits (from top to bottom): Flühli LU (Stefan Lauber) Höhenweg Bergell GR (David Gallati) Flühli LU (Stefan Laber) Val d’Hérens (Stefan Lauber) Lens VS (Stefan Lauber) © Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, 2012 Summary Summary Fears of a widespread forest decline that were prevalent in the 1980s have mostly dis- appeared in Switzerland today. -
Environment» 2/2015
- NATURAL HAZARDS < environment 2/2015 2/2015 Natural resources in Switzerland environment Living with Natural Hazards Dossier: Lessons from the floods of 2005 > There’s a limit to what flood protective structures can do > Avoiding hazard zones > Knowledge creates safety > There will definitely be another earthquake 2_2015_englisch.indd 1 14.07.15 12:47 environment 2/2015 Together for Safety Safety is a fundamental human need. Although we are all aware that there is no such thing as absolute safety, it is important that we eliminate hazards from our everyday lives to the greatest possible extent. The prosperity enjoyed by the Swiss population is also due to the significant progress achieved in providing safety against natural hazards through the joint efforts of various federal authorities, the cantons, communes and individuals. Floods, avalanches, rockfall and landslides will always happen in our country. What’s more, it is only a question of time until a severe earthquake happens in Switzerland again. Since the floods of 1987 at the latest, it has been clear to us that technical measures alone cannot provide sufficient protection against the damage caused by natural hazards. Therefore, the paradigm change from pure hazard prevention to integrated risk management was already introduced years ago. Organisational and planning measures for risk mitigation have gained in significance since then. For example, considerable improvements have been made in the area of natural hazard forecasting and alerting. These efforts have already yielded benefits on a number of occasions. How ever, such successes present another problem: we are all too willing to believe that we are finally safe. -
World Heritage in Switzerland
WORLD HERITAGE IN SWITZERLAND Medieval cities and castles, fossil deposits from the Triassic period, high Alpine land- scapes, industrial cityscapes, vineyard terraces, wonders of railway engineering, early medieval murals, a unique library in a Baroque abbey and pioneering buildings – so dif- ferent yet with one thing in common: these sites have all been included on the UNESCO World Heritage List. This is the first book to present the twelve World Heritage properties in Switzerland: It tells us about, and lets us discover, the many fascinating aspects of these places of outstanding universal value – imprints of history and harbingers of things to come. Ernst Iten, the author, is a former Ambassador. He was Permanent Delegate of Switzer- land to UNESCO from 2004 to 2009. In this capacity, he headed the Swiss delegation at SWITZERLAND IN HERITAGE WORLD the sessions of the World Heritage Committee, worked closely with the World Heritage Centre and accompanied the candidatures and inscriptions of various cultural and natu- ral properties in Switzerland on the World Heritage List. WORLD HERITAGE IN SWITZERLAND IMPRINT 3 WORLD HERITAGE IN SWITZERLAND IMPRINT Publisher Swiss Commission for UNESCO Project Manager: Jeanne Berthoud c/o Federal Department of Foreign Affairs FDFA 3003 Berne www.unesco.ch | www.welterbe.ch Text Ernst Iten, former Ambassador and Permanent Delegate of Switzerland to UNESCO Editor Madeleine Viviani, former Secretary General of the Swiss Commission for UNESCO Translation FDFA Language Services Graphics www.mengisgruppe.ch Printing Printed in Switzerland on FSC-certified paper ISBN 978-3-906211-41-1 Distribution FOBL, Federal Office for Buildings and Logistics, CH-3003 Bern www.bundespublikationen.admin.ch No 201.202.ENG This publication is also available in German, French and Italian. -
ICON Race Manual ENG 2021.Indd
3RD SEPTEMBER 2021 RACE MANUAL Updated March 2021 ICONXTRI.COM Eco Race welcomes you to ICON We have been organising triathlon events for years and this allowed us to understand many things about the world. First of all, when we see the potential in an exciting project, we work to ensure that you will also get the same emotions, if not bigger, when taking part to it. ICON is a full distance extreme triathlon, a great sport performance, but above all, it will be for all of you a special occasion to get emotional and feel part of an unique experience. We didn’t choose the location by chance. Livigno and its Alps are a unique destination in the world thanks to their charm and magic. They are the perfect place for a great sport performance and to live a surprising experience. The Alps have always been an icon; this extraordinary backbone of Europe is a shelter from the Northern winds and the stage for extraordinary achievements in the history of the world alpinism. Here you will find alpine lakes, great passes, epic climbs that have written the history of world cycling, you will experience the massive glaciers of the Alps and the magic of the finish line under a night sky that only here is so dark and bright at the same time. You’ll find yourself in such a fascinating world that you thought could exist only in your best dreams. Once you cross the finish line, you will be amazed by the awesome beauty of this place and you will get emotional with the deep feeling of being part of this magic. -
Walking/Hiking the Alps of Switzerland from Davos and Scuol
Walking/Hiking the Alps of Switzerland from Davos and Scuol Swiss Hiking/Walking at Davos and Scuol – Images by Lee Foster by Lee Foster Switzerland is a special place for civilized day hikes and walks in the fresh mountain air amidst stunning alpine vistas, but without requiring any major vertical-climbing exertion. A hiker returns each evening to culinary artistry and comfortable lodgings. This lure is particularly strong in eastern Switzerland around the towns of Scuol and Davos, near the one and only Swiss National Park. Unlike serious U.S. and Canadian mountain hiking, available only to the backpacker or energetic climber, Swiss hiking is accessible to people of all levels of fitness and all travel styles. The excellent Swiss Railway winds through the alpine valleys, making available thousands of miles of hiking trails from the many rail stops. At many rail stations you’ll see hikers departing. Sites beyond the rail stops can be accessed easily by an efficient bus system, called the postal motor coach. Most hikes occur along relatively level ground, but often in spectacular alpine settings, sometimes reachable by cable cars. Lunches can be planned at restaurants along the way. Evenings can be spent back at your hotel amidst the full comfort of quality lodgings. Swiss mountain hikers need carry only a light daypack while walking this “rooftop of Europe,” as Switzerland is sometimes called, partly because three-fifths of the country is The Alps. The Hiking/Walking The mountains around the small towns of Scuol and Davos in the Engadine province present many excellent outings. -
Candidate EUROPEAN TOWN of SPORT 2019
candidate EUROPEAN TOWN OF SPORT 2019 COMUNE DI LIVIGNO INDEX CHAPTER 1 - SUBMISSION OF THE PROPOSAL 05 CHAPTER 2 - LIVIGNO AND ITS REGION 12 CHAPTER 3 - SPORT 19 CHAPTER 4 - SPORTS ACTIVITIES 36 CHAPTER 5 - PLACES AND EVENTS 54 CHAPTER 6 - SPORTS DEVELOPMENT PLAN 72 candidate EUROPEAN TOWN OF SPORT 2019 CHAPTER 1 SUBMISSION 5 OF THE PROPOSAL CHAPTER 1.1 - MAYOR OF LIVIGNO Damiano Bormolini Mayor of Livigno ““Our city, nestled in the Alps at an altitude of 1816 offered by our accommodation and local facilities are a training ground for cyclists, roller skiing en- metres, has always been focused on tourism, and and the competitive advantages gained by athletes thusiasts and runners. over the years it has become particularly dedicated when training at an altitude of over 1800 metres. The football and rugby pitches are a focal point for to sport. As the Local Council, we have focused on this area youth and amateur teams, along with the skating 6 From our early offerings of skiing and winter with the aim of improving our sports facilities and rink and community gyms. In winter, visitors can sports we’ve expanded to summer activities such making them as competitive as possible. We are enjoy our nationally and internationally recog- as mountaineering, trekking, and biking. From the delighted to offer the Aquagranda Active You cen- nised snowparks along with our perfectly groomed 1970s Livigno has become a widely-known and de- tre, which in the last two years has grown enor- pistes, innovative freeride projects and cross-coun- sirable location for tourists from all over the world. -
Una Montagna Di Sentieri
1 2 “Camminare tra boschi e pascoli, laghetti e ghiacciai, dove paesaggio e storia si fondono: qui, in Alta Valtellina, la natura è semplicemente un incanto” “To walk among woods and pastures, lakes and glaciers, where landscape and history blend together: here in the Alta Valtellina, nature is simply enchanting” Guide Alpine Ortler-Cevedale Parola delle Guide Alpine Ortler-Cevedale che, dal 1954, organizzano gite, ascensioni, escur- sioni per tutti ma, soprattutto, amano le nostre montagne. Advice from the Ortler-Cevedale Alpine Guides, who since 1954 have organized hikes, climbs, and outings for everyone-but more than anything, they love our mountains. 3 Benvenuti a Bormio Oltre 600 km di tracciati di diversa difficoltà per tutti i gusti, dalle famiglie agli alpinisti più esperti: da soli, muniti di cartine, o in gruppo, accompagnati dalle guide alpine, venite a scoprire gli angoli più suggestivi ed incontaminati dell’Alta Valtellina! Protagonista assoluto, il Parco Nazionale dello Stelvio, uno dei più grandi parchi storici d’Italia, habi- tat ideale di parecchie specie animali e vegetali. Tra boschi, pascoli, laghetti alpini e torrenti, fino ai grandi ghiacciai, potrete vivere la natura a 360° percorrendo sentieri e mulattiere che si diramano in un paesaggio incantato in cui l’ambiente si fonde magistralmente con l’antica cultura contadina e la storia. Le grandi vette del Gruppo Ortler-Cevedale e della Cima Piazzi fanno da cornice a questo ambiente incontaminato e i profumi e i sapori dei prodotti tipici renderanno gustosa ogni vostra escursione. D’obbligo una visita alle malghe, simbolo della tradizione contadina, con la possibilità di degustare prodotti freschi e genuini.