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'τικό δελτίο · newsletter · bulletin d'informatic oletim de.. '■'hedsblad · ενημερωτικό δελτίο · newslf 1/1989 Dilettino · Nieuv. ' "" de Informação · Nyhedsblad · εν litteilungsblattbu... "­'­♦¡mdelnformac? ... Dletín informativo · Mitu, ­»uvuch­ ,i de Info,, jlletin d'informations · bolen,. .Aino · Nieuwi Ελτίο · newsletter · bulletin d'informauui ,ο · uc- .vlitteilungsblatt^ yhedsblad · ενημερωτικό δελτίο · newsletter · bullen,, οι mations · boletín inf oletim de Informação · Nyhedsblad · ενημερωτικό δελτίο ■ newsletter · bulletin d' Dilettino · Nieuwsbrief ■ Boletim de Informação ■ Nyhedsblad · ενημερωτικό δελτι litteilungsblatt · bollettino · Nieuwsbrief · Boletim de Informação · Nyhedsblad · ε Dletín informativo · Mitteilungsblatt · bollettino · Nieuwsbrief · Boletim de Informi jlletin d'informations · boletín informativo · Mitteilungsblatt ■ bollettino · Nieuws! Published for ­Mío ■ newsletter · bulletin d'informations · boletín informativo · Mitteilungsblatt ThThei Commission of the European Communities ' ^Rd · ενημερωτικό δελτίο · newsletter · bulletin d'informations · boletín in Task Force Human resources, '­"mação · Nyhedsblad · ενημερωτικό δελτίο · newsletter ■ bulletin ' education, training and youth '**· Boletim de Informação · Nyhedsblad · ενημερωτικό δε M'°iiwsbrief · Boletim de Informação · Nyhedsbla ERASMUS Bureau ' ­M°tt¡no · Nieuwsbrief · Boletim de '■ ··■ ­­ichlatt · bollpttir" Two Houses of Erasmus

The Anderlecht (Brussels) residence of the Renaissance humanist who has given his name to ERASMUS, the Programme. Converted into an 'Erasmuseum', the recently restored premises house numerous mementos recalling the life and work of the great scholar.

The symbol and centre, at Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, of an enterprising initiative by students at the French-speaking Université Catholique de Louvain to provide a briefing service for outgoing ERASMUS students from the same institution and to accom• modate, welcome and inform the incoming ones from abroad (see, inside, our article 'The Maison Erasme at Louvain-la-Neuve').

The text was prepared by the ERASMUS Bureau on behalf of the Commission of the European Communities. The ERASMUS Bureau, an autonomous body of the Euro­ pean Cultural Foundation, assists the Com­ mission of the European Communities in the administration of the ERASMUS Prog­ ramme. The articles and texts appearing in this publication may be reproduced freely, in whole or in part, with due reference to their source. © Catalogue No.: CE-AB-89-OOl-EN-C. Printed in Belgium. EDITORIAL

On May 22nd, 1989, the Council of EC Education Ministers adopted the LINGUA Programme for the promotion of training in foreign languages within the Community. Their decision is momentous. With an initial five-year budget of ECU 200 million, LINGUA becomes operational from January 1st 1990. Thenceforth, it will be crucial in revitalizing use of the EC national languages among all those committed to the ideal of the People's Europe — whether as students and teachers, or as professionals in business and industry working towards the Internal Market of 1992. The greater part of LINGUA will be aimed at the higher education sector, in particular as regards the training of future language teachers. It will be organically linked to ERASMUS and no doubt have positive repercussions on the whole Programme.

The Council meeting also gave a first response to the Commission's proposals for Phase Two of ERASMUS (see feature on pp.6-9). There was marked enthusiasm over the early results of Phase One and the need for development and consolidation was stressed.

Finally, Council also agreed on the principle of opening the COMETT Programme to countries in the European Free Trade Association (EFTA). This is good news for the EFTA Member States (Austria, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden and Switzerland) which have been pressing hard to join COMETT for some time.

As regards more routine matters, few are now more important for would-be ERASMUS grant-holders than the procedure for applications for the 1990-91 academic year (see p. 3). However, sights are firmly fixed also on the longer- term future. Demand for ERASMUS to date has amply demonstrated that there exists in universities throughout the EC, a powerful will to cooperate in a wide range of higher education activities, given the means to do so. The most significant development this year has been the increase of some 60% in demand, in terms of proposed student numbers within ICP applications, for the organised student mobility central to the Programme from the outset. This enthusiasm is inseparable from the conviction that ERASMUS deserves to prosper. Thus grass roots Programme practitioners and the Commission have worked increasingly together to evaluate the Programme, and identify the improvements needed to consolidate its initial success. Besides forming the basis for the first evaluation report to the European Parliament required by the 1987 Decision, the messages emerging from ERASMUS Phase One are at the root of the Commission proposals for Phase Two agreed on April 26th.

Three further aspects of ERASMUS get a hearing for the first time in this Newsletter. One is the expanding activity of the EC Network of National Academic Recognition Information Centres (p. 13). The second is the value of student initiative and comment in the life of the Programme, to which we devote a new section intended as a regular feature (p. 15). Finally, there is a need for similar coverage of NGAA activity given its crucial role in the ERASMUS administrative arrangements. Jacques Pertek of the French NGAA has kindly kicked off for us by offering a glimpse of a typical day in his office at the CNOUS (page 11). We hope other NGAA administrators may follow suit soon.

CONTENTS

Editorial Sources of Feedback NARIC for Evaluation 7 Looking Ahead 8 ERASMUS ICP News What's My Diploma Worth Behind the Text - the Abroad? 13 New Links Forged in Brass Tacks 9 European Psychology ICP 2 New Commissioner for Oviedo and NIHE Dublin EC Education Programmes 9 New Publications Exchange in Chemistry 3 ECTS Plenaries set spirit for September Launching 10 ERASMUS Grants 1990/91 3 ICP Directory 1988-89 14 Tripartite Nuclear and NGAA News Two Tales of High Energy Physics 4 Two Programmes 14 Fundamental and Applied Trials and Tribulations Toxicology 4 of an Administrator in an ERASMUS Country 11 Students Have the Last Word ICP Offers Food for Thought 5 Liège Joins Cranfield International The Maison Erasme Double Degree ICPs 5 at Louvaín-la-Neuve 15 New Study on Higher From Portugal to Poitiers... News from Brussels Education Exchange with East and Central Europe 12 And back! ... with ERASMUS!.... 16 Forging Phase Two FEDORA - A European Student of ERASMUS Counselling Association 12 Contact Corner 16 Lessons Learnt So Far. Diary 12 Acknowledgements 16

ERASMUS Newsletter 1/89 1 ERASMUS ICP NEWS New Links Forged in European Psychology ICP

by Professor J. Richard EISER, Head of the Psychology Department, University of Exeter, U.K. he University of Exeter this ling students to make good use of a T year admitted its first students period of time abroad. Within the to a new honours degree called the German system, for instance, there 'B.A. in Psychology with European seems considerable flexibility be­ Study' which we coordinate from the tween the Prediplom and Diplom. University as an ERASMUS ICP. As Within a number of other systems, a required part of their course, these arrangements are easier for doctoral students will spend a year at another students than for undergraduates. European university, studying psy­ This underlines the principle that chology in the language of that such student exchanges do not have country. The students admitted to Eiser: 'more psychology, extra experience and to be strictly reciprocal in terms of this course will typically be those who linguistic skills'. exact equivalence of numbers, levels, have studied a modern language to or periods of study. At present, the an advanced level at school. Further The applications for the new B.A. exchanges are on a bilateral basis, language teaching is provided during course are buoyant and of high with Exeter being the hub of the the first two years at Exeter to quality, and further growth is limited wheel, as it were. The plan, however, prepare them for their year abroad. only by government policy on uni­ is to develop a network of partner­ The languages now being offered are versity funding and student numbers, ships which will enable multilateral French, German, Spanish, Italian rather than any lack of market exchanges. and Dutch. In the case of the last demand. However this is only one of three languages, students can start the ways in which students can from scratch provided that they are benefit from the links being forged The academic benefits of this kind proficient in another modern lan­ between different European depart­ of programme extend beyond even guage. ments of psychology. The list of the considerable opportunities pro­ partners in the ICP is extensive : Aix­ vided for the individual students and Marseille I in France; Leuven and staff concerned. For a discipline like Louvain­la­Neuve in Belgium; the psychology, which attempts to Technical University, Berlin, Kiel understand human behaviour and Because of the year abroad the and (soon) Heidelberg in the Federal experience not just in the abstract but course lasts for four years instead of Republic of Germany; Bologna and in real contexts, there is a need not the three more typical of under­ Padova in Italy; Autònoma just for an international outlook but graduate degrees in the United King­ (Madrid) and La Laguna (Tenerife) also for sensitivity to cultural variety. dom. This was considered far more in Spain ; and Amsterdam and (soon) Contemporary psychology is flexible, in that our students would Tilburg in the Netherlands. Students strongly influenced by North Amer­ receive the 'standard' curriculum of from a number of these universities ican research, which, despite the high psychology courses here, and be able are already visiting Exeter for periods levels of professionalism one might to pick the best courses on offer from of between three months and a year expect, is not universally notable for their host university, without being as part of reciprocal exchanges. Their such sensitivity. Too often, com­ restricted by any of the adminis­ time at Exeter is spent attending plementary traditions have found it trative problems to do with compar­ seminars, and conducting research difficult to gain a hearing, and not ability of curriculum content and of projects with members of the Exeter only for reasons of language. examination standards that are as­ staff. Typically these students are at a Through linking important Euro­ sociated with some other forms of more advanced stage of study. How­ pean centres of research within this student exchange. Thus our students ever, this depends to some extent on kind of programme, the stature and will end up knowing more psy­ their home university system. influence of such traditions may be chology, as well as having the extra enhanced. This must be good for the experience and linguistic skills de­ Different systems are more flexible healthy development of the disci­ rived from their study abroad. at different stages in terms of enab­ pline. ■

ERASMUS Newsletter 1/89 ERASMUS ICP NEWS Oviedo and NIHE Dublin

Exchange in Chemistry ERASMUS Grants 1990/91 by Applications are now invited in re­ Professor P. Tuñon Blanco spect of financial support under the University of Oviedo, Spain. ERASMUS Programme, in the aca­ demic year 1990/91.

Detailed Guidelines for Applicants and application forms have now been sent to all eligible higher for the Cambridge Certificate of education institutions, and further Proficiency, which will certainly help copies are available on request them in finding work when they from: ERASMUS Bureau, 15 rue ur ERASMUS ICP was laun­ return to Spain. During their short d'Arlon, B­1040 Bruxelles, Belgium. ched when three students from Tel.: (32) 2­233.01.11. Fax: (32)2­ O Christmas holidays (shorter than at 233.01.50. Telex: 63528. the Faculty of Chemistry of the Oviedo), they were very enthusiastic University of Oviedo went to the about their experiences, and com­ Applications for Inter­university National Institute for Higher Edu­ pared the different educational sys­ Cooperation Programmes (ICPs), cation (NIHE) in Dublin in Sep­ tems of both institutions with Span­ including requests for students tember 1988. Two of them are taking within these programmes, should be ish students in their own classes. They mailed by universities to the Bureau the final year of the degree course, also received local newspaper pub­ before October 31st 1989 (as per having chosen subjects in the NIHE licity following a press conference in postmark). analytical sciences degree course which the contrast between the two which has a very novel and up­to­ educational systems was made clear, Students NOT participating in an date syllabus, compared with what is ICP, who wish to apply for a student and the advantages of the exchange mobility grant ('free movers'), can generally expected from today's ana­ highlighted. obtain all information concerning the lytic chemists. The third student is application procedures to follow using the credits necessary to com­ The reciprocal exchange involves from the National Grant Awarding Authority (NGAA) in each Member plete her third level studies. My two students from Dublin who have Department had already decided on State. They should always apply to been working for part of their third the NGAA for a grant jointly with their the type of recognition to be granted year credits at Oviedo, after first home higher education institution the subjects studied at the NIHE — improving their knowledge of Span­ which must countersign the appli­ provided, of course, that the Oviedo ish at their home institution. cation to certify that the conditions students pass the examinations there for grant eligibility have been satis­ ­ and the academic authorities of fied. They must also provide their Planning and development of the NGAA with clear evidence from the my University are expected to ap­ teaching mobility component of our host university that they have been prove the arrangements involved. ICP is also in hand. ■ formally accepted for a period of study there, and will not be required to pay tuition fees. All applications of this kind relating to the 1990/91 academic year should be submitted to the NGAA before January 1st 1990. From the outset, the Spanish stud­ ents were welcomed at the NIHE, As regards financial support, which provided them with full facil­ under ERASMUS, for Study and ities to ensure their integration there, Teaching Visits, for publications, or and enabled them to settle into the for university associations and con­ relevant classes. Special, inter­ sortia, there will be nofixed deadline for applications. Applications for mediate examinations are being ar­ visits in the period from July 1st 1990 ranged for them to test their progress to June 30th 1991 may now be every four months. Prior to their submitted at any time, provided this departure, the University of Oviedo is at least six months before the visit intensified their preparation in Eng­ or project is planned to take place. ■ lish through its Institute of Lan­ guages. The students will continue Ana Rodriguez and Maria Jesus Fernandez in with their language studies in Dublin the N f HE laboratory.

ERASMUS Newsletter 1/89 ERASMUS ICP NEWS Tripartite Nuclear and High Energy Physics

In an ICP coordinated from Greece, ERASMUS has led to a pooling of facilities and academic expertise for the development of a sophisticated Greek university nuclear physics laboratory. The initiative involves the Universities of Thrace and Liverpool, and the Technical University of Aachen.

he universities in the ICP aim to area of large­scale radiation. How­ have already been involved in ERAS­ T improve their courses for stud­ ever, the latter is not yet equipped for MUS are to continue their work at ents, while developing facilities at all the potential final­year under­ Liverpool and Aachen respectively. Xanthi, Thrace, for advanced experi­ graduate activities, so postgraduate mental nuclear projects for final­year collaboration with Liverpool has The ICP also includes teaching undergraduates. been extended to undergraduate pro­ staff exchange between the three ject activity. Facilities have been universities. Liverpool staff have Four undergraduates from Thrace provided at Liverpool for projects on visited the nuclear radiation labo­ currently get grants under ERAS­ topics like neutron physics, and ratory, assessing the equipment, faci­ MUS to visit Liverpool to undertake gamma­ray spectroscopy. lities and arrangements for under­ nuclear projects using the Liverpool graduate experiments. An evaluation Research Reactor, after doing some of the reports was discussed in the The students feel that ERASMUS of the preparation beforehand in group, and lectures and seminars provides a valuable opportunity for Xanthi. The period abroad is an organized. In reciprocal visits to cultural exchange. The ICP has fur­ integral part of a project for the five­ Liverpool, the summer project plans ther enabled two Liverpool under­ year electrical engineering degree. were finalised and the preliminary graduates to go to Thrace to conduct work for the students visiting Liver­ nuclear shielding experiments and pool was prepared. Developed by Professor N.F. examine nuclear facilities. Intensive Tsagas, the nuclear teaching labo­ language courses are also provided. ratory of the Democritos University The collaboration has satisfied all has units enabling students to follow those taking part, so it is hoped that up theoretical lectures with basic There is additional ERASMUS future financial support will persuade nuclear experiments. Planned exten­ support for three postgraduates. Dr. more students to take advantage of sions to the facilities include a pur­ I. Kappos obtained his Ph. D in 1987, the excellent educational opportunity pose­built laboratory for work in the and two other postgraduates who ERASMUS offers. ■

Fundamental and Applied Toxicology

Toxicology is a pluridisciplinary intensive course supervised by one Here four students from the par­ subject area requiring high stan­ or two European colleagues and ticipating universities discuss their dard specialist training in which it also validated as equivalent. The work with Dr. Charles Frayssinet pays to mobilise teaching capacity ICP began in October 1988. (second from left). ■ in the field at European level. This is the aim of an ICP partnership be­ tween the Universities of Paris VII, Düsseldorf, University College London, and the French­speaking Catholic University, Louvain­la­ Neuve, Belgium.

The first part of the teaching is a basic training in toxicology in which all students work towards the qualif­ ications of their home institution. The second part is a four­week

ERASMUS Newsletter 1/89 ERASMUS ICP NEWS ICP Offers Food Liège joins Cranfield for Thought Double Degree ICPs

Belgium is the latest Member State to join ERASMUS student mobility ICP between initiatives in mechanical and aeronautical engineering already A the department of biological operational at the Cranfield Institute of Technology, U.K., and sciences at Heriot Watt University a cluster of French institutions. Cranfield ICP Project Director (HWU), Edinburgh, Scotland, and John Jammes discusses the venture to date. the Ecole nationale supérieure d'Agronomie et des Industries alim­ he strong and growing em­ Technologie (IMT) at present being entaires (ENSAIA), Nancy, France, T phasis at Cranfield on inter­ built in Marseille. A special feature of involves fifth­year HWU students national links as reflected in the series this programme is that, during their and final­year students from of double degree programmes par­ one­year stay there, the U.K. stud­ ENSAIA. The Scottish students pre­ tially financed as ERASMUS ICPs, ents do a three­month project in pare jointly the M.Sc. degree of has recently attracted a new partner French industry. their own University, and the Dip­ — the Faculty of Applied Sciences at lôme d'études approfondies (DEA) the University of Liège, Belgium. A further venture brings together in biotechnologies and the food Four Liège students hoping to obtain Cranfield and the Toulouse Ecole industry, of the ENSAIA. The French their joint degrees in 1989 are now nationale supérieure d'Ingénieurs de students prepare simultaneously well into a two­year programme in Constructions aéronautiques the HWU M.Sc. and the ENSIA aerospace engineering, aerospace (ENSICA). At the heart of the diploma of Ingénieur des industries vehicle design, or industrial robotics. French aerospace industry, ENSICA alimentaires. At present, four stud­ is ideally placed to provide U.K. ents go to Edinburgh and three to The Belgian link is a novel develop­ students with a particularly approp­ Nancy. ment in what had previously been for riate working environment. Cran­ Cranfield an exclusively French con­ field's latest link is being developed nection. The first bridge to be built between the Institute's College of was with the Technological Uni­ Aeronautics and the Ecole nationale Pénicillium versity of Compiègne, in the form of a de l'Aviation civile (ENAC), also roqueforti two­year integrated programme, in Toulouse­based. (χ 200). which French and British students cover exactly the same syllabus, one The double degree ICPs are result­ year being spent at Compiègne and ing in an extremely close co­oper­ Linguistic training for students one at Cranfield. Thus all students in ation between the lecturing staffs of coming to France is carried out in a the ICP obtain both the M.Sc and the the institutions involved, and many university linguistic training centre. Diplôme d'Ingénieur. staff exchanges have already taken The DEA itself requires quite ad­ place. It is confidently expected that vanced mathematics for which a The four courses at present avail­ many more will follow. Meanwhile, stronger element of theoretical in­ able in the Compiègne partnership the increase in the funding from struction is given. As to the French are energy studies, materials (with ERASMUS in 1988­89 has been students, they are expected to show options in engineering metallurgy, welcomed and appreciated by the interest in laboratory work, but to aerospace materials engineering, and students, and augurs well for the date have needed little training in polymers and offshore engineering), future development of the double English. innovative design for manufacture of degree ICPs in which they are in­ machine systems and industrial ro­ volved. ■ All the students complete theoret­ botics. The many double degree ical training and laboratory re­ holders to have graduated are true search work. At HWU, subjects European engineers qualified to studied include yeast immobilis­ practise their skills throughout the ation, and bacillus isolation and EC. identification: at ENSAIA, produc­ tion of an amino­acid using yeast There are similar conventions be­ and proteolysis by lactic bacteria. tween Cranfield and the Ecole supé­ The subjects for research derive rieure d'Ingénieurs de Marseille from related themes, and common (ESIM). ESIM is a major constituent Robotics at Cranfield ... and a shot in the arm subjects may well develop soon. ■ of the new Institut Méditerranéen de for ERASMUS!

ERASMUS Newsletter 1/89 NEWS FROM BRUSSELS FORGING PHASE TWO OF ERASMUS

With ERASMUS near the third and final year of its initial phase (1987 to 1990), evaluation, by the Commission of the European Communities, of experience gained during the first two years is close to completion. Its results have inspired a set of Commission proposals for a Council Decision to adapt the Programme and take it into its second Phase up to the mid- 1990s. At the 1992 milestone, the Commission hopes that 10% of the Community's six million students, or an average 150,000 a year, will complete a recognised period of study in another Member State. Although still subject to discussion and adoption by the Council, ERASMUS Phase Two is firmly on thé table. The following report reviews the issues to be hammered out there. Lessons Learnt So Far

ICP Funding is too Short-Term factory arrangements for ERAS­ Study Abroad should last longer MUS grants to 'free mover' students Even the most firmly established (those not in ICPs), on which NGAA The current minimum three months' ICPs still have to go back into the hat policy has also varied widely. study abroad for ERASM US student annually in the selection for ERAS­ grantholders may not be enough for MUS financial support. There would substantial benefit to be derived from be greater long­term commitment it. It may even blunt student motiv­ Languages are Vital and bolder planning from ICP co­ ation, especially as regards foreign ordinators if the ECU cash taps were language learning. The three­month left on longer too. Pluriannual fund­ Sound advance language training of minimum may also turn any search ing would also facilitate proper ad­ ERASMUS student and staff par­ for private sector accommodation vance linguistic preparation. ticipants is crucial to the success of abroad into a time­consuming race the Programme. Several of the root against the clock, given landlords' problems are addressed by the Com­ unwillingness to lease even furnished Grants Policies Need Polishing mission's proposed LINGUA Pro­ rooms for such a limited period. gramme (see the ERASMUS News­ The best EC policy for the ERAS­ letter, 2/1988). But a further distinct Broader Student Eligibility Criteria MUS student grants is arguably the effort is required under ERASMUS one giving the most balanced student to tackle them, despite the many Many highly motivated students participation in ERASMUS across commendable initiatives already interested in recognized study abroad Member States and disciplines. operational (like the creation of new are probably excluded from ERAS­ Sometimes there has been a mis­ curricula including a language com­ MUS by the requirement making match between the global allocation ponent). Most important are the academic recognition the sole re­ for the grants in a Member State linguistic requirements of students in sponsibility of the home (rather than (based on its student numbers and the subjects other than languages. The the host) university, instead of either. population of its 18 to 25 age­group) engineering undergraduate needs the A common group are those who, and the ICP demand for them at its right specialist vocabulary to follow after getting a first degree in their university institutions, resulting in courses abroad but will want to mix own country, would like to obtain an too little money for too many eligible socially with his foreign student additional qualification in another students or vice versa. acquaintances too. Member State. Such students, who Even as top­up payments, many are often very highly motivated and have a very clear idea of the type of grants so far have been too small. There is still relatively little provi­ studies they wish to pursue while Moreover, the ERASMUS grants sion for instruction in the lesser­ abroad, are a vital resource for the handout has sometimes appeared spoken European languages. Yet future development of the Com­ inequitable because of wide dif­ balanced participation in ERAS­ munity. It is regrettable that ERAS­ ferences in the national grants sys­ MUS depends considerably on the MUS does not at present cater for tems, and this has been one of the will to learn them. Though some­ them. ■ main factors which have pushed the times a lifeline, stop­gap use of NGAAs towards different policies English here is a second­best which for awarding the ERASMUS grants. may sometimes even hinder proper The problems have been compoun­ immersion in the host country cul­ ded by difficulties in devising satis­ ture.

ERASMUS Newsletter 1/89 NEWS FROM BRUSSELS Sources of Feedback for Evaluation

The ERASMUS Advisory including information problems, All ICP students are asked to Committee administration of ERASMUS within prepare individual reports on their university institutions, academic study abroad which are annexed to The Committee consists of two recognition, linguistic preparation the ICP project director reports (see official representatives from each and staff mobility, the significance above) and thus available for ana­ Member State. Both have in­depth of some of which is reviewed briefly lysis by NGAAs and the Commis­ knowledge of higher education sys­ opposite and on p. 9. It also formally sion. And many contact the Com­ tems and inter­university cooper­ confirmed the desirability of mission unprompted to say what ation, and at least one is from the strengthening the ERASMUS Euro­ ERASMUS has meant to them per­ academic community. The Commit­ pean University Network. sonally. tee is an advisory body, providing regular expert recommendations An equally important and regular NGAA Representatives on the running of ERASMUS. In input of project directors to evalu­ Programme evaluation, its role has ation is in the technical reports they Besides frequent contact with the thus been crucial, the first major send the Commission each year, ERASMUS Bureau by letter or tele­ contribution being the September which describe ICP operations in phone, officials from the National 1988 meeting at the University of detail, providing pointers to the Grant Awarding Authorities Nancy II. In February and March main achievements and problems. (NGAAs) responsible for adminis­ 1989, Committee members took tration of the ERASMUS student part in an important series of bila­ grants in each Member State, pro­ teral discussions between Member ERASMUS Students vide the Commission with an annual States and the Commission. On report on their activities. In addi­ April 5th 1989, they also met specif­ There was a similar think tank for tion, NGAA representatives meet ically to make recommendations students at the State University of with the Commission in Brussels concerning the Commission pro­ Ghent on January 16­17th. The two or three times a year to review posals for Phase Two. meeting was an open discussion of experience and problems encoun­ the main difficulties they face. tered by a representative sample of 37 ICP students from all EC coun­ Along with ERASMUS Advisory tries in a variety of disciplines, and Committee Members, NGAA offi­ with experience, between them, of cials were also party to most of the all Member States as host coun­ bilateral consultations in March and tries. While in unanimous agree­ February referred to above. ment as to the academic and per­ sonal benefits of ERASMUS, par­ Independent Studies ticipants emphasized the need to improve advance preparation of The Commission has relied first and The Committee debates Phase Two. students (see p. 9) and the level of foremost on ERASMUS prac­ the student grants. They expressed titioners — whether university staff, ICP Project Directors the hope that the Programme would students, or administrators of the expand, and made a proposal for Programme — in sifting the main A first think tank organized by the the setting up of a European associ­ messages to date on its progress. Commission for ERASMUS ICP pro­ ation of ERASMUS students. But it has not done so exclusively. ject directors was held at Alden Independent expert studies have Biesen on January 19­20th. It was also been commissioned, particul­ attended by 25 project directors arly in the areas of linguistic ability from all Member States and cover­ and preparation (including country ing numerous subject areas. Many by country case studies), academic had been involved in international recognition, and obstacles to cooperation programmes for se­ student mobility in specific subject veral years and their commitment to areas like medicine or teacher ERASMUS was impressive. The training. A detailed analysis of the meeting led to in­depth of discus­ profile of ERASMUS students is also sion of a wide range of topics, Students together at Ghent. under way. ■

ERASMUS Newsletter 1/89 NEWS FROM BRUSSELS

Looking Ahead

The June 1987 ERASMUS Decision requires a report on the Programme from the Commission to the European Parliament before the end of 1989, as well as, if appropriate, a proposal to adapt it. Although the Council has until 30 June 1990 to decide on any proposal, the Commission adopted a set of suggested adaptations on April 26th, with a view to securing Council agreement on Phase Two by December 1989. With this timetable, adaptations would be implemented from January 1st 1991, except the ERASMUS student grants stand-by fund (see below), which would take effect from July 1st 1990. The same schedule also eases sound forward planning, making it possible to inform universities early in 1990 about any changes liable to affect the selection procedure for the 1991/92 academic year.

The Phase Two Proposals

For the first three years of Phase activities (Action 1). Also bring recognition from the home uni­ Two (1990-92), a budget of ECU under Action 1, all types of ERAS­ versity for the study period abroad. 192 million is proposed. The Com­ MUS study visits for teaching staff But grants would be awarded ex­ mission wants the annual credits and administrators until now divided ceptionally in cases where this covering the EC contribution to between Actions 1 and 4. period received full recognition ERASMUS to be established in line from the degree-awarding insti­ with the usual procedures for the tution in the host Member State, annual EC budget, with effect from provided that this arrangement was January 1st 1990. This will allow Action 2: ERASMUS Student part of an ICP. Programme needs and development Grants to be reviewed as part of the Increase the normal minimum quinquennial planning of the period for ERASMUS grants from budget. The Commission is also Hive off from the total annual three to six months. As an excep­ recommending specific provision in ERASMUS student grants budget a tion, grants might be for a minimum the Decision text for the continuing small stand-by fund (not more than period of three months, and a evaluation and monitoring of 5% of the grants budget) for taking maximum of more than 12 in the ERASMUS. The other proposals corrective measures when the global case of highly integrated program­ are as follows: allocations to each Member State are mes. not giving similar chances to all eligible ERASMUS students. The Retain 'free mover' students, but Action 1 : European University Commission would be free to use the gradually lower their participation. Network reserve to strengthen participation in Member States or subject areas in The aim would be to develop the special need. Student grant funds in ICPs as the best vehicle for boosting Replace present annual funding of exceptional programmes where EC student mobility, so that by ICPs by pluriannual financial sup­ administration of the grants via 1994 all Member States would have port (normally three years at first, national agencies is impracticable introduced arrangements to minim­ subject to periodic review). would also be allocated in this way. ise recourse to the free mover There would be special arrangements formula. Insert a precise reference in the for the national lump sum allocation Phase Two Decision, to the poss­ to Luxembourg. ibility of funding advance foreign Action 3: Academic Recognition language preparation as an integral part of ICP arrangements. Priority to ICP and ECTS students Abolish the 10% ceiling of the in the award of grants. Exemption annual appropriation for ERAS­ Make joint curriculum develop­ from host university tuition fees and MUS for Actions 3 and 4. This has ment projects (currently in Action maintenance of entire home country already caused operational prob­ 3) and short-term intensive teaching grant or loan entitlement would still lems which would be aggravated programmes (at present Action 4) be essential for grant eligibility, as following the introduction of an integral part of Network would, normally, full academic ECTS.

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ERASMUS Newsletter 1/89 ERASMUS ICPs for 1989/90 announced

Following its selection for the 1989/90 academic Member State 1989/90 % year, the Commission of the European Communities announced, on June 7th, the award of financial Belgium 277 (191) 18.0 support, under ERASMUS, to 1507 inter­university Denmark 129 (73) 8.5 cooperation programmes (ICPs) involving over 1000 Federal Republic higher education institutions. An estimated 20,000 of Germany 619 (449) 41.0 students are also expected to receive financial Greece 121 (74) 8.0 assistance in the form of ERASMUS grants. The Spain 456 (314) 30.0 figures mean that, in three years, student mobility in France 767 (578) 51.0 the European Community will have doubled as a Ireland 143 (45) 9.5 result of the ERASMUS Programme which in 1989/90 Italy 450 (291) 30.0 will have a budget of ECU 52.5 million. Mrs. Vasso Luxembourg 7 (4) 0.5 Papandreou, the Commissioner for employment, Netherlands 334 (260) 22.0 Portugal 150 (101) 10.0 industrial relations, social affairs, human resources, United Kingdom 816 (571) 54.0 education and training, stated that the consolidation of the European University Network and the im­ pressive growth of student mobility are confirmation A better balance in the participation of Member of the success of the ERASMUS Programme in States is beginning to emerge with a distinct increase university circles. over the previous year in the number of applications from Denmark, Spain, Italy and Portugal. (It should be noted that the foregoing figures for 1989/90 have been Statistics relating to demand, as reflected in updated and thus vary slightly from those in the applications for financial support under ERASMUS for official Commission press release of June 7th, 1989). the 1989/90 academic year, bear further witness to this success. As regards ICP applications, the total of eligible students within the would­be 'student mobi­ Student Mobility lity' ICPs shot up by some 60% — from around 19,000 in 1988/89 to over 30,000 for 1989/90. The figures stood outfrom a total 2221 ICP applications — an increase of As in 1988/89, the sums allocated to Member States nearly 10% on the 2040 submitted last year. for ERASMUS student grants are being distributed in a decentralised way by national agencies, bearing in mind the following two factors: the number of young Applications for grants for Visits stand at 3770, as people aged between 18 and 25 years, and the compared with 3510 in 1988/89 — a rise of 7.4%, while number of students enrolled in higher education around 150 applications have been put infor money to institutions. Since the overall sum available for support publications and specific projects of uni­ ERASMUS grants in 1989/90 is ECU 26 million, the versity associations and consortia, an increase of number of average annual grants of ECU 2000 is broken down as follows:

No. of Member State Breakdown of ICPs by Type of Activity and Member average grants State Belgium 387 Denmark 215 Each of the 1507 ICPs adopted for 1989/90 may Federal Republic of Germany 2,700 comprise one or more type of activity, the breakdown Greece 335 being as follows: Spain 1,649 France 2,206 student mobility 1348 ICPs Ireland 134 teaching staff mobility 272 ICPs Italy 2236 joint curriculum development 97 ICPs Luxembourg 98 intensive programmes 104 ICPs Netherlands 663 Portugal 316 United Kingdom 2,062 Financial assistance paid directly to the uni­ versities totals ECU 15,950 million, or an average of TOTAL 13,000 ECU 10,584 per ICP. On average, each ICP involves just over three higher education institutions. As the average length of stay is about six­and­a­half months, it is thought that in practice some 20,000 The number of universities participating in the ICPs students will receive financial support in 1989/90 (as in each Member State is as follows (corresponding compared with about 12,000 in 1988/89). The amount figures for 1988/89 are in brackets): of the grants may vary from ECU 500 to ECU 5000. ■

ERASMUS Newsletter 1/89 List of Publications

(available in the nine official EC languages)

ERASMUS - European Community programme for the mobility of students and for cooperation in higher education Published for the Commission of the European Communities, Task Force Human resources, education, training and youth by ERASMUS Bureau (22 χ 11 -leaflet)

ERASMUS - Guidelines for Applicants : Financial support for cooperation and mobility in higher education in the European Community (Academic Year 1990191) Published for the Commission of the European Communities, Task Force Human resources, education, training and youth by ERASMUS Bureau (30 χ 21 cm, 14 p., includes two application forms — 4 p., 12 p.)

ERASMUS Directory of programmes/Répertoire des programmes: 1988/89 (in English only) Published for the Commission of the European Communities, Task Force Human resources, education, training and youth Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1989 (21 χ 15 cm, 1326 p.) Price: 27.50 ECU

ERASMUS Newsletter Published for the Commission of the European Communities, Task Force Human resources, education, training and youth by ERASMUS Bureau (30 χ 21 cm) Price per single copy: 3.90 ECU Annual subscription: 9 ECU (3 issues per year)

NARIC - The European Community Network of National Academic Recognition Information Centres Published for the Commission of the European Communities, Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Education by ERASMUS Bureau (21 χ 10 cm, 16 p.)

Academic recognition of higher education entrance, intermediate and final qualifications in the European Community : Multilateral and bilateral conventions, unilateral decisions / Network of the National Academic Recognition Information Centres (NARIC) in the Member States of the European Community Published for the Commission of the European Communities, Task Force Human resources, education, training and youth by ERASMUS Bureau (30 χ 21 cm, 70 p.) Available in: EN, FR. In preparation: DA, DE, ES, GR, IT, NL, PT

ECTS - European Community Course Credit Transfer System Published for the Commission of the European Communities, Task Force Human resources, education, training and youth by ERASMUS Bureau (21 χ 11 cm- leaflet)

European Community Course Credit Transfer System: Presentation of the ECTS Pilot Scheme Published for the Commission of the European Communities, Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Education by ERASMUS Bureau (21 χ 15 cm, 29 p.)

The joint study programmes handbook: An overview of all projects supported within the framework of the 'Joint Study Programme Scheme' of the Commission of the European Communities, 1976-1986 (in English only) Published by the ERASMUS Bureau on behalf of Task Force Human resources, education, training and youth of the Commission of the European Communities Brussels, 1989 (21 x15 cm, 698 p.)

ERASMUS Newsletter 1/89 NEWS FROM BRUSSELS

Action 4: Complementary New Commissioner Measures for EC Education In order to encourage universities Programmes to exploit their inventiveness in the development of ERASMUS, there will be specific provision for sup­ From January 1st 1989, the EC port, on an experimental basis, for programmes in education and train­ ing, including ERASMUS, became alternative forms of cooperation the responsibility of new Greek not provided for in the present Commissioner, Mrs. Vasso Papan­ version of the Decision. These dreou (44). Her portfolio covers might include, for example, orig­ employment, industrial relations, inal actions for linguistic prepar­ social affairs, human resources, education and training. Mrs. Papan­ ation or specific fields like fine dreou who has a Ph.D in economics arts. from Reading University, U.K., has taught in universities in both Greece and the U.K. She has been prom­ Set a 5% ceiling of the annual inent in Greek politics in parliament appropriation for ERASMUS on and government since 1985. Action 4. ■

Behind the Text — The Brass Tacks

If the Phase Two Council Decision is to be the locomotive driving ERASMUS into the 1990s, comfort in the carriages behind it will be crucial to a happy journey. Beyond the Commission Decision proposals lie problems thrown up during evaluation, which will probably not be mentioned in the final Council text, but which are just as critical in keeping ERASMUS on track. Many of them concerning the Programme at its grass roots were discussed at the Ghent and Alden Biesen meetings and the bilateral consultations referred to on p. 7. Here is a small sample.

ICP Administration Difficulties, such Briefing and Preparation of Students, ERASMUS Students Need a Roof. as: making appropriate financial who need adequate information This has sparked enough concern for arrangements for use of ERASMUS before going abroad, and approp­ some ICP coordinators to make money within institutions' overall riate counselling and reception on student lodging at the host university financial operations; reaching satis­ arrival. Badly informed students may (usually coupled with a promise to factory administrative schedules in waste time enrolling in unsuitable provide it for incoming students in the face of the EC applications courses abroad, or expect better return) a precondition for their deadline and differing types of higher services and facilities than are avail­ cooperation. Luckier students are education calendar (e.g. semesters as able. Obviously too, students need to sometimes saved by such arrange­ against three­month terms); choos­ know about all administrative re­ ments for on­campus or other re­ ing appropriate institutions as par­ quirements and charges, and make sidential facilities. Otherwise, they tners; securing appropriate academic the right advance arrangements for join the queues for private sector recognition procedures; the sheer their personal insurance and social housing where their ERASMUS workload of ICP coordinators as security cover. grant may not take them far. Pioneer­ rewarding but unremunerated over­ ing projects like the Maison Erasme time. in Louvain­la­Neuve, Belgium (see p. 15) are unfortunately still isolated Improvements seem well under initiatives and student associations at The Commission favours the ap­ way. Sound academic and other the host university have an important pointment of full­time ERASMUS forms of counselling by both home part to play in solving the accom­ coordinators at university insti­ and host institution staff is becoming modation dilemma. ■ tutions, and also plans to circulate a increasingly common, with special short Guide to help ICP coordinators programmes sometimes laid on for across the main hurdles of their students abroad as an integral part of administrative work. existing courses.

ERASMUS Newsletter 1/89 NEWS FROM BRUSSELS ECTS Plenaries set Spirit for September Launching

With the universities in the pilot scheme for the European Community Course Credit Transfer System (ECTS) now selected, final arrangements for starting ECTS in the 1989-90 academic year are moving fast. Two plenary meetings have already been held in the countdown to the autumn take-off in the five selected subject areas of business administration, chemistry, history, mechanical engineering and medicine. On January 26-27th, ECTS representatives, who came together for the first time at the Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) to draw up detailed plans for the scheme and discuss likely major problem areas, agreed unanimously on the guiding principles proposed by the Commission. The second plenary at the University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain, on April 11-12th, reached agreement on several further administrative arrangements before giving ECTS its final go-ahead.

oth meetings involved Commis­ when just receiving 'transitory' stud­ year, 1988-89, and the first year of B sion officials and two represen­ ents due either to return to their operation of ECTS.) tatives from each of the 84 participat­ institution of origin, or transfer ing institutions split into working elsewhere within ECTS for their final Other matters discussed at the groups, with a plenary session at the qualification. But willingness to give plenary meetings included problems beginning and end. Each institution constructive consideration to liable to arise from differences in the sent a member of the teaching staff of awarding credit wherever possible academic timetable or calendar of the department concerned plus an was expected from all partners in the participating universities, the roles of administrator with central respons­ ECTS network. Conversely, only institutional and departmental ECTS ibility for ECTS. taught courses for which credit could coordinators, the evaluation of the be clearly given would be eligible for pilot scheme, and the possible role of The will to make ECTS work well ECTS, normally excluding from it computerization within the scheme. sparked a series of discussions on the individual research-based doctoral- type study. However, first-year stud­ problems to be overcome. Essential Following the Brussels plenary, the was a reasonably balanced exchange ents would rarely be able to par­ ticipate in the system, except under Commission prepared a student in­ of students between the different formation leaflet on ECTS, while Member States at each level of study. highly integrated arrangements be­ tween institutions. institutional and departmental co­ The Pamplona plenary decided that ordinators compiled an ECTS in­ subject area 'clearing house' meetings formation package about their insti­ would be held in different places in tution, including details on depart­ June 1989 in order to achieve these Savana is form• ing a network, in mental courses and structure. These balanced flows within the first year. mechanical en• basic information tools for students gineering, with 16 interested in ECTS were discussed other universities Participants at the meetings were and one consor• and agreed at the Pamplona plenary. agreed as to the crucial role of tium when the The student leaflet in the appropriate ECTS pilot pro• linguistic preparation of students, in ject starts in Sep• EC official language is now available which the responsibilities of sending tember 1989. at each ECTS institution, as are and receiving institutions had to be copies of the information packages clearly identified. No less vital was on the subject area in which the the need for excellent advance counsel­ institution is involved. ling of students before their study There was general consensus that, period at another ECTS institution, for satisfactory launching of the As a result of these initiatives, all and provision of appropriate reception scheme, ERASMUS grants to stud­ students within ECTS departments and accommodation facilities on their ents in ECTS would have to be who are interested in taking part in arrival there. Good counselling was substantial. It was agreed that five the pilot scheme, have access to particularly necessary from the grants of an average ECU 2000 each comprehensive information both on outset in order to prevent ECTS from would be made available to all ECTS in general, and on study getting a bad name amongst stud­ participating departments. In other courses offered at all other participat­ ents. words, each participating institution ing departments throughout the EC. would get, via the NGAAs, a total of But for the numbers seeking one of It was further agreed that, when ECU 10,000 for grants for its ECTS the 1000 or so ECTS student places awarding a final degree or diploma, students. (Each institution also rece­ on offer in the first year, we must ECTS universities had to have more ives a grant of ECU 13,415 to cover await the next ERASMUS Newslet• flexibility in granting credit than costs incurred in the preparatory ter, m

10 ERASMUS Newsletter 1/89 NGAA NEWS Trials and Tribulations of an Administrator in an ERASMUS Country

by Jacques PERTEK Centre National des Oeuvres Universitaires et Scolaires, France

hile Erasmus himself travel­ Kingdom, or in the Federal Republic We discuss the recent directive of 21 W led through most of Europe, of Germany, or Spain ... The only December 1988, what this does and the Programme which bears his name way of helping them is to give them does not involve. That must make at has already come a long way in less the addresses of the organizations in least ten students, some of whom are than two years. Halfway along the these countries which could help preparing a dissertation, who have path, the Centre National des Oeuv­ them benefit from national program­ contacted us because they are work­ res Universitaires et Scolaires mes for the reception of students. ing on this subject or on the im­ (CNOUS), the French national plementation of ERASMUS. Instead agency for administration of the of a Europe of diplomas, we will Then, there is a meeting with the ERASMUS student grants, joined shortly have diplomas on the Europe director of a school who would like to those who, in Brussels, the Hague, or of Education. participate in the ERASMUS Pro­ Bonn, were responsible for implem­ gramme. He would like to do some­ enting this Programme, symbolising thing to prepare for 1992 which, in During the morning, the three the Community today, which is no France, seems to be surrounded by an members of staff in the office have longer concerned exclusively with aura of magic. You explain the had to answer about ten telephone agricultural surpluses or the stan­ various actions of ERASMUS and calls from students, programme dards applicable to lawn mowers. how to become involved in them, and directors or 'ERASMUS correspon-

Over a year ago now, I went into the room which was to house this office. The equipment was meagre, limited to a modest, but attractive fitted carpet. Gradually the staff grew in number, and the facilities improved. I would like to tell you about a small portion of these trials and tribulations in an ERASMUS country: an (almost) ordinary day in the life of an administrator. 'Trials and Tribulations' ... but lime for relaxation and a smile too. Pertek with (left to right) Delphine Le Guen, Lydia Noujaim, Marie Suaudeau, and Mireille Dupuy, his colleagues when the Arriving in the morning, you are CNOUS began work as the French NGAA in 1988. inevitably faced with a pile of mail, especially if the day before you were out of the office at a forum on 'The make the most of all the opportu­ dents from universities or schools'. Europe of 1992' or an information nities available. Most of the un­ The afternoon begins with the pre­ meeting. About ten letters have ar­ iversities, and a lot of the commercial paration of the amendments to the rived from individuals. The number or engineering schools, are now agreements reached with the un­ of requests for information grows involved in one or more Inter-un­ iversities. Many ICPs are not work­ steadily, particularly when a radio or iversity Cooperation Programmes ing, or at least, not working as television programme or an article (ICPs). However, there are so many planned, and the money available for has been devoted to ERASMUS. In higher education institutions that their students has to be reallocated. most cases, these letters come from there are still a lot of potential What a headache! There is still a students who wish, purely and candidates. The next meeting is with speech to be prepared for a col­ simply, to continue their studies and a student who has to prepare a loquium to be held in Lille tomorrow obtain a diploma in another EC dissertation on reciprocal recog­ on 'The University and Europe'. Member State, mostly in the United nition of diplomas for her law degree. Among the subjects to be presented

ERASMUS Newsletter 1/89 11 INTERNATIONAL and discussed is 'The hopes and realities of the ERASMUS Program­ New Study on University Exchange me'. with East and Central Europe

Just at that moment, a telephone call brings you back to more im­ rospects for increased edu­ Conference of Rectors, Presidents mediate realities. It's the director of P cational exchange between the and Vice­Chancellors of the Euro­ an ICP who does not understand why West and Central and Eastern pean Universities) and CEPES (the the sum he has been allocated is so Europe are brightening, partly owing Unesco European Centre for Higher small. Selection mechanisms, to the incentive provided by the Education in Bucharest). The aim is national quotas, the relationship ERASMUS model. But any such to identify exchange schemes of all between eligible applications..., after broadening of intellectual frontiers types as organised through bilateral all these explanations, he calms urgently requires a better grasp of the agreements, international agencies or down. But that doesn't alter the fact problems in 'East/West' higher edu­ by individual higher education insti­ that the students involved risk setting cation cooperation as practised at tutions, and the quantitative scale of off for 6 months with only ECU 500 present — the aim of a new project student and staff exchange and recent in their pockets; if they were expect­ conducted by the European Cultural trends in its development. Later, key ing to receive a 'grant' .... What can Foundation's European Institute of problems will be identified and ana­ you do to see that such hopes are not Education and Social Policy, Paris, lysed, as will recent changes in po­ disappointed? At least we were able for the International Association of licies and attitudes. to give our caller one piece of good Universities. news: the sum for student mobility Further information may be ob­ paid via the national agency is dis­ Project surveys, analysis and a tained from: European Institute of tinct from that paid to universities via final report, will be directed for the Education and Social Policy, Uni­ the ERASMUS Bureau. Institute by Professor Denis Kallen, versité de Paris IX ­ ­ Dauphine, 1 advised by specialists from Eastern Place du Maréchal de Lattre de The periods between the moment and Western Europe, including rep­ Tassigny, 75116 Paris, France. Tel: when the ICP is selected, the time resentatives from the CRE (Standing (33) (1)47.27.06.41. ■ when the money is credited to the university, the time when it arrives, and the moment when the ICP director can finally divide the sum FEDORA — A European Student among the students who left the month before are so dreadfully long ! Counselling Association

So, to complete his day, the Eras­ mus administrator starts dreaming of FEDORA, a new association of The group will provide support for a Programme where we would talk professionals active in counselling of EC Programmes like COMETT and less about money (because we would students in higher education ERASMUS as a result of which have almost enough) and more about throughout the EC, was established student advisers face a growing the opportunities of students and in October 1988 at the Third Euro­ demand for information about Com­ teaching staff today to travel around pean Conference on University Gui­ munity­wide opportunities for study, in this Community. ■ dance in Athens and Delphi. It will work and training, including ap­ promote exchange of information proaches from incoming foreign and experience among its members, students. DIARY to improve the quality and effective­ ness of guidance, especially through Administrative and financial head­ European Vocational Training Week joint action and research. FEDORA quarters have been provided by the organised at the initiative of the (le Forum européen d'orientation Italian Fondazione Rui in Rome. Commission of the European Com­ académique) will also pass on its Further information may be ob­ munities and the French Secretary of findings and provide a consultation tained from the Chairman of State for Vocational Training. service on academic guidance, put­ FEDORA, Tony Raban, Careers La Villette, Cité des Sciences et de ting interested bodies in touch with Adviser, Cambridge University l'Industrie, Paris, September 12­15, those working in the field. An im­ Careers Service, Stuart House, Mill 1989 ('Entretiens Condorcet', Sep­ mediate aim is publication of a Lane, Cambridge CB2 1XE. Tel: tember 12­13; 'L'Europe des Com­ (44)(1) 223.338285. ■ pétences', September 14­15). directory of student advisory services in the EC Member States.

12 ERASMUS Newsletter 1/89 NARIC What's my Diploma worth Abroad?

Easy student mobility within the EC has often been frustrated by problems concerning the recognition of diplomas awarded and study periods undertaken in other Member States. To remedy this, the Community has been stepping up the exchange of information on academic recognition and equivalence, through its network of National Academic Recognition Information Centres (NARICs) created in 1984. The present article takes a brief look at development of the Network in the fresh context of the ERASMUS Programme, under which it gets annual financial support.

The Link with ERASMUS qualifications, where appropriate EC Member States, describes both along with the relevant professional the recognition of qualifications The main users of the Network are bodies. This seeks to ensure that giving access to higher education higher education institutions, stud­ natural linkages between academic institutions, and the recognition, in ents and their counsellors, parents, training and the labour market are each Member State, of the inter­ teaching staff and future employers. taken into account in the Network, mediate and final qualifications ob­ for it to provide an appropriate tainable in the others. The second is In some ways, the link between the service to both the world of work and the final version of an EC Higher NARICs and ERASMUS is espe­ the academic community. Education Diploma Directory de­ cially close. The Network is informed scribing all higher education dip­ of all developments relating to im­ Publications lomas and degrees awarded through­ plementation of the Programme and out the Community. then transmits this information to its Two publications relating to NARIC users. The aim here is more intensive activity have recently been prepared cooperation both between the dif­ for the Commission : the second Network Meetings ferent NARICs, and between each edition of a brochure in all nine EC NARIC and the higher education official languages giving the ad­ The NARICs have met twice yearly institutions in the same country. All dresses, functions and working meth­ since 1984. One of these meetings is information about academic recog­ ods of the NARICs, and a descriptive always in Brussels, the other in one of nition resulting from the growth of dossier entitled Academic recognition the EC Member States. The first the ERASMUS European University of higher education entrance, inter­ meeting of 1989 is in Rome in June. Network must also be available to the mediate and final qualifications in the As in the past, the meeting is examin­ NARICs for their activities to be European Community — multilateral ing recognition matters of special smoothly integrated with those of and bilateral conventions, unilateral concern to the country hosting it. ERASMUS. The NARICs will be decisions (also in all EC official Thus, recognition, in Italy, of qualifi­ similarly informed about the de­ languages). Both are available on cations from all other EC Member velopment of ECTS. request from the ERASMUS States are being discussed, as is the Bureau, 15, rue d'Arlon, B­1040 recognition of Italian qualifications Work is also in progress on plans Brussels, Belgium, (tel: (32)(2) in the latter. The meeting is followed for a Network data bank, and ident­ 233.01.11). Two further publications by a conference entitled 'UNIVER­ ification of material it might contain. are also being prepared. The first, SITALIA' on the Italian higher Current preference is for a bank entitled Academic Recognition of education system, with a visit to some based on information available to Higher Education Qualifications in of the institutions. ■ each individual NARIC which would have access to the data held by all the others.

Professional Recognition

The 'Council Directive of 21 De­ cember 1988 on a General System for the Recognition of Higher Education Diplomas Awarded on Completion of Professional Education and Train­ ing of at Least Three Years' Du­ ration' implies that NARICs may handle questions concerning the pro­ The Hague headquarters of the Netherlands Universities Foundation for International Cooperation fessional recognition of academic (NUFFIC) which is also the Dutch National Academic Recognition Information Centre.

ERASMUS Newsletter 1/89 13 NEW PUBLICATIONS ICP Directory Two Tales 1988/89 of Two Programmes The second edition of the ERASMUS ICP Directory is now available as a comprehensive cross-referenced As Italy has taken advantage of the opportunities offered by the EC COMETT source of practical information about and ERASMUS Programmes, a welter of information has been showered on an the expanding European University unsuspecting public. Up front have been two recent accurate, readable, yet Network in 1988/89. complementary books which we review briefly here.

Corradi, Sofia: ERASMUS e and firms within the Programmes. PROGRAMME hl KOPI D'ACTION COMMUNITY COMETT, Bulzoni Editore, Rome The end­product is a Vademecum COMMI NAI TAIRE ACTION SCHEME I.N MATIERE FOR THE MOBILITY 1988. which clarifies the philosophical DE MOBI1ITÉ OF UNIVERSITY bases of ERASMUS and COMETT, DES ÉTUDIANTS SI I DENTS Professor of Adult Education at their structures, how they work, and DIRECTORY OF PROGRAMMES Rome 'La Sapienza' University, the their aims. It also provides answers to RÉPERTOIRE Dl S PROGRAMMES author — a well­known expert in questions like 'How can I benefit 1988/89 university and university/industry from this?' and 'How can I ensure cooperation ­ ­ clearly defines for that what I propose corresponds to both students and staff the objectives the Commission's philosophy of a of two programmes which, she says, People's Europe?' had full backing in Italy during their conceptual phase but, in the oper­

COMMISSION OF THE El ROPEAN COMMUNITIES ational phase, lost steam there. As Monasta, Attilio: Erasmo e La Task I­oret·: Human Resources, Education, Training and Youlh often in the case of issues lacking any Cometa: Guida pratica alla mobilità COMMISSION DES COMMUNAUTÉS EUROPEENNES obvious direct national interest and Task­force Ressources humaines, éducation, ronnation el . degli studenti e dei professori therefore a little remote to the unini­ universitari in Europa, San he 1182 ICPs are given in tiated, information about the Pro­ Casciano Val di Pesa, McColl : T country sections by alphabe­ grammes has tended to be piecemeal Publisher, (1988) tical order. Data in each ICP descrip­ and difficult for its potential users to exploit. tion include the fields of study co­ A more chatty book as its sub­title vered, the types of cooperation suggests. The self­avowed intention The book follows the evolution of financed, the participating insti­ of the author — who is Professor of the idea of student mobility, outlines tutions, the explanatory summary of Education at Florence University a number of organisational problems the programme; the names of the and an experienced practitioner in and provides a picture of the oppor­ coordinator or the programme the field of European inter­university tunities available to students, staff directors at each institution. cooperation — is to present a 'fast­ food brochure' containing not only The book also has handy indexes SOFIA CORRADI good, accurate information, but also for identifying ICPs by field of study, ideas and practice­turned­into­ participating Member States, and the theory in an attempt to help readers type of cooperation supported, as ERASMUS understand better the information well as by Member State and by given and therefore make better use institution; names, addresses and of it. telephone numbers of ICP coordi­ COMETT nators and directors are also given. Educazione dej>.i adulti c formazione un iversì tur: ¡i t runoni turale Finally, there is an expanded statis­ This ease of explanation and ex­ tical section, and explanatory notes pression makes Monasta's book the for potential applicants for all forms ^ t „V Λ ideal reader for all those who wish to of ERASMUS support. launch themselves into the experience of European cooperation but have no The directory is on sale (ECU idea where to start or go for advice. 27.50) from the Sales and Subscrip­ As such, it provides a wealth of tions branches of the EC Office for apparently self­evident tips and hints Official Publications (see inside back which, on reflection, may not have cover of the Newsletter), u tw LZON] EDITORE been thought of before. ■

14 ERASMUS Newsletter 1/89 STUDENTS HAVE THE LAST WORD The Maison Erasme at Louvain­la­Neuve

You lift the receiver and dial the number. If no-one answers — though as a rule someone does — you hear 'for further information on the ERASMUS Programme, please contact the Secretariat for International Cooperation ... the ERASMUS student reception centre at Louvain-la-Neuve would be glad to help you'. The recorded message is not from a local outpost of the Commission of the European Communities, the ERASMUS Bureau, or the Belgian NGAA, but the premises of the so-called Maison Erasme at Louvain-la-Neuve. The 'House' is a resourceful student initiative for helping the many ERASMUS students either going abroad from, or visiting, the Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL) to make their way. Two of the student movers behind the idea, Nicolas Stassens and Henri Monceau, explain.

he premises of the 'house' (see with information about ERASMUS More specifically, we want infor­ T inside front cover) have so far and UCL. But we also briefed ERAS­ mation about the ERASMUS Pro­ been more a symbol than an oper­ MUS students setting out from UCL gramme to be broadly circulated. ational reality, as the building is not about the Programme, including Very few students, however intensely fully assuming its novel role until checklists on the sort of things to motivated, know about the ins and 1989­90. In 1988­89 it has continued remember while at their host insti­ outs of a course in another European to provide rooms for Belgian stud­ tution abroad. We regard this as just institution. Where and when should ents and staff at Louvain, its initial as important as our contact with the applications be made and to whom? purpose on the UCL campus. How­ arrivals. Where should one go and under what ever, it was officially inaugurated as terms? In November 1988, the the Maison Erasme by UCL Rector Of course, we hope to make our Maison Erasme, with the Centre Professor Pierre Macq in October ERASMUS visitors feel at home, but d'Information et de Documentation 1988. For the 'house' is a formal we are also seeking more than that — sur les Études et les Professions association (as well as a physical a focal point for mutual enrichment (CID), and the UCL Secretariat for entity) which, in 1988­89, started to where there is a real community, a International Cooperation, orga­ provide for ERASMUS students the 'neo­Louvainistic' centre of exchange nised a meeting, with ERASMUS services soon to be centred more and information for today's young Bureau participation, at which stud­ intensively in the building where we Europeans. It is an ambitious under­ ents were given precise information already spend most of our time. taking. Yet thanks to the support of and told how they might take things the UCL Secretariat for Inter­ further. The 'House' has tried to The first of these services, for the national Cooperation and student sustain the spirit of this initiative incoming students from abroad, is organisations, like the General As­ throughout the year. We have also quick value­for­money accommod­ sembly of Louvain students and the sought reflection and debate on more ation. The 'House­as­building' only Fédération des Étudiants Franco­ fundamental issues in ERASMUS. offers some of this, and we are phones, the idea is fast becoming a What are we to make, for example, of increasingly trying to arrange for reality. An important aim here is the the modest level of some of the ERASMUS students from abroad to organisation of meetings for students student 'grants' which does no justice take over campus accommodation to participate actively in the develop­ to the breadth of inspiration behind vacated by those setting out from ment of European initiatives in edu­ the Programme and blunts its root Louvain. In the 'House' itself are cation. objectives? ► some 30 student bedrooms, including five for ourselves and our helpers. Students had a further oppor­ They are equipped with two hot­ tunity to get general inform­ plates, sink and a shower, but are not ation about the ERASMUS over­functional. There are also 10 Programme at the Second Belgian Student's Fair, bedsitter flats on the premises avail­ Brussels, in mid­February able for visiting ERASMUS ICP 1989. Visitors (left) to tlie staff, and a communal room with its ERASMUS stand at the Fair in the Centre Rogier on own kitchen on each floor. 'European Dav', Februar ν 15th. In 1988­89, we found rooms else­ where on the campus for about 110 ERASMUS students whom we helped settle down by providing them

ERASMUS Newsletter 1/89 15 STUDENTS HAVE THE LAST WORD

► Our initial activity has already given us way that new closer and more direct an idea of how we might now best invest relations may be established between Contact Corner our efforts. Unquestionably for us, the them. It is to the establishment of a Staffordshire Polytechnic, U.K., is con­ Maison Erasme is a fitting response to the network of this kind that the enthusiasm sidering the introduction of European fresh challenge for universities of making language options in its LL.B (Honours) of those running the Maison Erasme is degree programme. The Polytechnic study more Europe-oriented in such a dedicated. ■ would welcome contacts with other higher education institutions in the EC which might profitably collaborate as partners in a future ERASMUS ICP. Contact: Richard Painter, Head of De­ partment of Law, Staffordshire Poly­ technic, College Road, Stoke­on­Trent, ST4 2DE, Staffordshire, U.K. Tel: (44)(782) 43.74.12.15.

From Portugal to Poitiers ... The Université de Toulon et du Var has prepared a Guide to provide information on conditions of admission, by level and And back! — with ERASMUS! area of study, to higher education cour­ ses with a 'European bearing' in French universities and colleges of commerce and management. Details regarding con­ Under ERASMUS, the 'home' university is normally tent of courses and the possible avail­ the one at which a student first enrols and which ability of grants are also included. awards the final qualification at the end of a course Contact: Mlle F. Pessel, Vice­Présidente with a study period in another Member State. So it is du CEVU, Université de Toulon et du Var, SUIO, 93130 La Garde, France. Tel: (33) not necessarily in the student's country of origin. 94.21.43.70. Isabel Córte Real from Lisbon studying for a Maîtrise in the history of art at the University of The University of Surrey, U.K. announces the availability of The 1989 Compendium Poitiers recently returned as an ERASMUS student of Postgraduate Studies in Psychology to the University of Coimbra in her native Portugal to (£18.20 including postage and packing). As well as information about study 'abroad'. postgraduate courses and research op­ portunities in psychology in U.K. un­ iversities and polytechnics, the Com­ pendium also includes a section on degree courses in psychology and edu­ cational sciences in the EC. ny travel offers considerable Sending students to foreign un­ A enrichment, but when linked iversities should lead to regular ex­ Contact: Helen Mclntyre, Compendium Secretary, Department of Psychology, with our studies, it is also a unique changes between institutions. Yet University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 5ΧΗ, opportunity to become acquainted students still do not seem sufficiently U.K. with a different style of life — in aware of ERASMUS. This has less to particular the student style. And, in The Institution of Electrical Engineers do with any lack ofinformation, than (IEE), U.K., has designed a certificated this respect, Coimbra is particularly perhaps with an inevitable tendency course in software engineering, in col­ rich in traditions. laboration with the National Computing to see each exchange in individual Centre and British Computer Society. Details about the course, including pro­ terms. For now, it is easier to talk cedures for accreditation and adminis­ about one's personal experience than tration, are available from the IEE. Although the educational leanings to place it within the European Contact: SECEB Secretariat, Qualifi­ of our universities are not the same, framework. But the contacts are cations Department, Institution of Elec­ trical Engineers, Savoy Place, London the way in which they complement lasting so, within a few years, the WC2R OBL. each other can be of nothing but the scheme will certainly blossom. ■ greatest benefit to students. For myself, this year has been one for learning different methods of work Acknowledgements and familiarity with contrasting ideas. My stay in Portugal has been the best way of discovering and Aside from those named in the introduction to articles, we are also grateful to the following for supplying material (including photographs) for the content of this issue of the studying 'in the field' the history of ERASMUS Newsletter: Jan Plessens, Petrofina; Professor N.F. Tsagas, Democritos art of this country. While not having University of Thrace; Professor Simone Puiseux­Dao, Institut national de la Santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) and the University of Paris VII ; Joseph Boudrant, Conseil to overcome linguistic barriers national de la Recherche scientifique (CNRS) and the Ecole nationale supérieure myself, I can see how it is difficult to d'Agronomie et des Industries alimentaires (ENSAIA); Philip Clist, Mieke Grazell, and Annamaria Trusso, ERASMUS Bureau; the Commission of the European Communities; work for a degree in a country Carlos Martinez­Thiem, University of Navarra; Joca Molendyk, the Netherlands without being competent in its lan­ Universities Foundation for International Cooperation (NUFFIC); Jill Donkersloot­Adler, European Cultural Foundation. guage.

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