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UNITED NATIONS E Economic and Social Distr. Council GENERAL E/CN.4/2004/56/Add.1 23 March 2004 ENGLISH/FRENCH/SPANISH ONLY COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS Sixtieth session Item 11 (a) of the provisional agenda CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS, INCLUDING THE QUESTIONS OF: TORTURE AND DETENTION Torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment Report of the Special Rapporteur, Theo van Boven Addendum Summary of information, including individual cases, transmitted to Governments and replies received* * The present document is being circulated in the languages of submission only as it greatly exceeds the page limitations currently imposed by the relevant General Assembly resolutions. GE.04-12267 E/CN.4/2004/56/Add.1 page 2 Contents Paragraphs Page Introduction………….…………………………………………… 1-4 5 General remarks………….……………………………………… 5-8 5 Summary of cases transmitted and replies received………….……………………. 9-1976 6 Albania………………………………………………................... 9-19 6 Algeria…………………………………………………………… 20-32 8 Angola……………………………………………………….…… 33-59 11 Argentina………………………………………………………… 60-71 14 Australia......................................................................................... 72 17 Austria…………………………………………………………… 73 18 Azerbaijan...................................................................................... 74-119 18 Bahrain………………………………………………………… 120-122 25 Bangladesh………………………………………………………. 123-139 25 Belarus…………………………………………………………… 140 29 Belgium………………………………………………………….. 141-155 29 Belize…………………………………………………………….. 156 32 Bolivia…………………………………………………………… 157-166 33 Bosnia and Herzegovina………………………………………… 167-168 35 Brazil…………………………………………………………….. 169-195 35 Bulgaria………………………………………………………….. 196-218 41 Burundi…………………………………………………………... 219-232 44 Cambodia………………………………………………………… 233-234 47 Cameroon………………………………………………………… 235-239 48 Canada……………………………………………………………. 240 49 Central African Republic………………………………………… 241 50 Chad……………………………………………………………… 242 50 Chile……………………………………………………………… 243-245 50 China……………………………………………………………... 246-472 51 Colombia…………………………………………………………. 473-492 87 Congo…………………………………………………………….. 493 92 Côte d’Ivoire……………………………………………………… 494-497 92 Croatia……………………………………………………………. 498-499 93 Cuba………………………………………………………………. 500-513 94 Czech Republic…………………………………………………… 514-515 97 Democratic Republic of the Congo………………………………. 516-542 97 Djibouti…………………………………………………………… 543 102 Dominican Republic………………………………………………. 544-545 102 Ecuador……………………………………………………………. 546-548 103 Egypt………………………………………………………………. 549-622 104 Equatorial Guinea…………………………………………………. 623-628 119 Eritrea……………………………………………………………… 629-636 121 Ethiopia……………………………………………………………. 637-641 124 France……………………………………………………………… 642-645 125 Gambia…………………………………………………………….. 646-647 126 Georgia……………………………………………………………. 648-649 127 Greece……………………………………………………………… 650-663 128 Guatemala…………………………………………………………. 664-666 131 E/CN.4/2004/56/Add.1 Page 3 Contents (continued) Paragraphs Page Guinea……………………………………………………………. 667 131 Guinea-Bissau…………………………………………………… 668-670 131 Haiti………………………………………………………………. 671-677 132 Honduras…………………………………………………………. 678-682 133 India………………………………………………………………. 683-727 135 Indonesia…………………………………………………………. 728-805 144 Iran (Islamic Republic of) ……………………………………...... 806-834 157 Israel……………………………………………………………… 835-885 164 Italy……………………………………………………………….. 886-888 179 Jamaica……………………………………………………………. 889-893 180 Japan………………………………………………………………. 894-900 181 Jordan……………………………………………………………... 901-902 182 Kazakhstan………………………………………………………… 903-907 183 Kenya……………………………………………………………... 908-915 184 Kyrgyzstan..………………………………………………………. 916-922 185 Lao People’s Democratic Republic…………………………….….. 923-925 187 Lebanon……………………………………………………………. 926-937 188 Liberia……………………………………………………………. 938-939 191 Libyan Arab Jamahiriya.………………………………...……….. 940-948 192 Malaysia……………………………………………………….…. 949-969 193 Maldives………………………………………………………….. 970-971 198 Mali………………………………………………………………. 972 199 Mauritania………………………………………………………… 973-979 199 Mauritius….………………………………………………………. 980-981 201 Mexico……………………………………………………………. 982-1020 201 Mongolia…………………………………………………………. 1021 210 Morocco…………………………………………………………… 1022-1029 211 Mozambique……………………………………………………… 1030-1032 212 Myanmar…………………………………………………………. 1033-1075 213 Namibia…………………………………………………………… 1076-1094 219 Nepal………………………………………………………………. 1095-1274 222 Niger……………………………………………………………… 1275-1276 240 Nigeria…………………………………………………………… 1277-1279 261 Pakistan…………………………………………………………… 1280-1291 261 Paraguay…………………………………………………………… 1292-1303 264 Peru………………………………………………………………… 1304-1314 266 Philippines………………………………………………………… 1315-1329 269 Qatar……………………………………………………………… 1330 272 Republic of Korea……………………………………………… 1331-1337 272 Romania…………………………………………………………… 1338-1361 274 Russian Federation………………………………………………… 1362-1402 278 Rwanda…………………………………………………………… 1403-1407 286 Saudi Arabia………………………………………………..……… 1408-1421 287 Senegal…………………………………………………………… 1422 290 Serbia and Montenegro….………………………………………… 1423-1442 290 E/CN.4/2004/56/Add.1 page 4 Contents (concluded) Paragraphs Page Sierra Leone………………………………………………………. 1443 293 Slovakia…………………………………………………………… 1444-1445 294 Spain……………………………………………………………… 1446-1460 294 Sri Lanka………………………………………………………….. 1461-1577 299 Sudan……………………………………………………………… 1578-1648 327 Sweden…………………………………………………………… 1649-1650 346 Switzerland………………………………………………………… 1651-1654 347 Syrian Arab Republic……………………………………...………. 1655-1676 349 Tajikistan………………………………………………………… 1677 353 Thailand…………………………………………………………… 1678-1681 353 Togo……………………………………………….……………… 1682-1684 355 Tunisia……………………………………………………………. 1685-1713 355 Turkey……………………………………………………………. 1714-1787 362 Turkmenistan……………………………………………………… 1788-1796 377 Uganda……………………………………………………………. 1797-1799 380 Ukraine……………………………………………………………. 1800-1801 380 United Arab Emirates……………………………………...………. 1802-1805 381 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland…..………. 1806-1808 382 United Republic of Tanzania……………………………...………. 1809 382 United States of America………………………………….………. 1810-1832 383 Uruguay………….………………………………………………… 1833-1834 390 Uzbekistan………………………………………………………… 1835-1921 391 Venezuela………………………………………………….………. 1922-1933 410 Viet Nam…………………………………………………..………. 1934-1944 411 Yemen………………………………...…………………………… 1945-1948 414 Zambia…………………………………………………………….. 1949-1950 414 Zimbabwe…………………………………………………………. 1951-1976 415 Information transmitted to the Palestinian Authority……………… 1977 419 Information transmitted to the Special Representative of the Secretary-General in Kosovo………………………………… 1978-1980 419 Information transmitted to the Secretary-General of the United Nations.……………………….…………………………… 1981-1982 420 Information received from the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).……………………….…………………………… 198-1984 420 E/CN.4/2004/56/Add.1 Page 5 Introduction 1. This addendum to the report of the Special Rapporteur contains, on a country-by-country basis, summaries of general allegations and individual cases, as well as of urgent appeals, and government replies. The Special Rapporteur would like to recall that in transmitting allegations and urgent appeals to Governments, he does not make any judgement concerning the merits of the cases, nor does he support the opinion and activities of the persons on behalf of whom he intervenes. The prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment is a non-derogable right, and every human being is legally and morally entitled to protection. When the Special Rapporteur receives reliable information that gives grounds to fear that a person may be at risk of torture or other forms of ill-treatment, he may transmit an urgent appeal to the Government concerned. The urgent appeals sent by the Special Rapporteur have a humanitarian and preventive purpose, and do not require the exhaustion of domestic remedies. The letters sent to Governments contain summaries of individual cases of torture and, where applicable, include general references to the phenomenon of torture. In these letters, the Special Rapporteur requests the Government concerned to clarify the substance of the allegations and urges it to take steps to investigate them, prosecute and impose appropriate sanctions on any persons guilty of torture. 2. Observations by the Special Rapporteur have also been included where applicable. Such observations, which sometimes note the most recent findings of other supervisory bodies, in particular United Nations treaty bodies, are usually made when the information suggests that there may be a problem extending beyond the exceptional or isolated incident. The fact that there is no such observation in respect of a particular country merely reflects the state of information brought to the attention of the mandate, and does not necessarily mean that there is no substantial problem in that country. 3. During the period under review, i.e. from 15 December 2002 to 15 December 2003, the Special Rapporteur sent 154 letters to 76 countries. The Special Rapporteur also sent 71 letters reminding Governments of a number of cases that had been transmitted in previous years, and 369 urgent appeals to 80 Governments on behalf of individuals with regard to whom serious fears had been expressed that they might be subjected to torture and other forms of ill-treatment. 4. Owing to restrictions on the length of documents, the Special Rapporteur has been obliged to reduce considerably details of communications sent and received. As a result, requests from Governments to publish their replies in their totality could not be acceded
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  • Luregn Lenggenhager Nature Conservation, Development And

    Luregn Lenggenhager Nature Conservation, Development And

    Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2018 Ruling nature, controlling people: nature conservation, development and war in North-Eastern Namibia since the 1920s Lenggenhager, Luregn Abstract: Recent nature conservation initiatives in Southern Africa such as communal conservancies and peace parks are often embedded in narratives of economic development and ecological research. They are also increasingly marked by militarisation and violence. In Ruling Nature, Controlling People, Luregn Lenggenhager shows that these features were also characteristic of South African rule over the Caprivi Strip region in North-Eastern Namibia, especially in the fields of forestry, fisheries and, ulti- mately, wildlife conservation. In the process, the increasingly internationalised war in the region from the late 1960s until Namibia’s independence in 1990 became intricately interlinked with contemporary nature conservation, ecology and economic development projects. By retracing such interdependencies, Lenggenhager provides a novel perspective from which to examine the history of a region which has until now barely entered the focus of historical research. He thereby highlights the enduring relevance of the supposedly peripheral Caprivi and its military, scientific and environmental histories for efforts to develop a deeper understanding of the ways in which apartheid South Africa exerted state power. Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-150287 Monograph Published Version Originally published at: Lenggenhager, Luregn (2018). Ruling nature, controlling people: nature conservation, development and war in North-Eastern Namibia since the 1920s. Basel: Basler Afrika Bibliographien. Luregn Lenggenhager Ruling Nature, Controlling People Caprivi Strip region in North-Eastern Namibia, especially in the fields of forestry, fisheries and, ultimately, wildlife conservation.