SOC 379/POLISCI 389: Understanding

Professor: Robert Braun [email protected] 1808 Chicago Avenue, room 103 Office Hours: MW 5:00-6:00 PM, 5:00-6:00 PM Sign up: https://www.wejoinin.com/robert.braun RING DOOR BELL!!

Spring 2018 Pancoe: Abbott Auditorium MW 12:30-1:50PM

Course description

In this course we will examine one of the most destructive, evil and perplexing phenomena haunting society: genocide - i.e. the on a large scale organized ex- clusion and killing of populations defined by race, ethnicity, nationality, political affiliation or religion. In the first section of this course students will be intro- duced to ideational, rational and psychological explanations of genocide. Causes of genocide can be found at different levels of analysis. We will focus on theories at three different levels. First, we will look at how national and international processes such as modernization and political leadership cause genocide (macro level). Second, we will look at why individuals, both victims and non-victims, accept or even participate in mass killings (micro level). Third, we will look at what role subnational groups such as religious congregations, organizations, informal groups, local communities and militias play in linking micro and macro forces (meso level). In the second part of this course, we will assess the validity of different explanations through the comparative study of four particular cases: , the Armenian Genocide, Cambodia and Rwanda. Students will explore and present a fifth case on their own. Students will improve their analytical skills by drawing connections between social science theory, historical monographs, journalistic accounts and policy documents. Upon completing the course, students will not only be acquainted with the main types of explanations offered for genocide, but they will also be able to evaluate the evidence supporting the various explanations. In turn, this

1 should help students to develop and evaluate proposals to end and prevent mass killing and recognize opportunities for resistance against genocide.

Required Text

The following book is available for purchase at the Norris bookstore (and most other vendors):

• Doris L Bergen. War and genocide: A concise history of the Holocaust. Rowman & Littlefield, 2016

Other texts are available on CANVAS or via the library website as EBOOKS or EJOURNALS.

Documentaries

Weekly readings are accompanied by recommended documentaries. These doc- umentaries will help you with but are not formally part of your examinations. Documentaries are available via CANVAS, YOUTUBE or KANOPY. Watch- ing these documentaries is not required.

Requirements and Grades

The formal requirements and grade calculation are as follows:

• In class midterm: 30% of grade. • Open Book take home essay: 30% of grade. • Final paper: 40% of grade.

In addition, two short assignments graded as pass/fail will help you write your final paper.

Case Selection

For the assignments as well as for the final paper you need to work on a particular episode of mass killing not discussed in class. You can choose the episode yourself but the Ottoman destruction of other christian minorities and other victims of the Nazi’s cannot be studied as they are too closely related to the cases discussed in class. Examples of cases you could choose are:

• Stalin’s against national minorities.

• Mao’s Cultural revolution.

2 • Killing of Herero’s in Namibia. • East Timor Genocide • Darfur Genocide • Guatamala Genocide

• Many others.

To guarantee sufficient variation in case selection, I will circulate a case selection sheet on 4/13 and reserve the right to assign you, in consultation, a different case.

For your assignments and paper you will have to collect and read additional literature on your own. You will have to read at least 5 academic sources. Your Professor and TA can be consulted for help. As a first step you might want to look at what the following reference works, which have been put on course reserve in the main library, have to say about your case:

• Paul R Bartrop and Steven Leonard Jacobs. Modern Genocide: The Definitive Resource and Document Collection [4 volumes]: The Definitive Resource and Document Collection. ABC-CLIO, 2014 • Dan Stone. The historiography of genocide. Springer, 2008

• Leo Kuper. Genocide: Its political use in the twentieth century. Yale University Press, 1983 • Ben Kiernan. Blood and soil: A world history of genocide and extermina- tion from Sparta to Darfur. Yale University Press, 2008

• Adam Jones. Genocide: A comprehensive introduction. Routledge, 2006 • Donald Bloxham and A Dirk Moses. The Oxford handbook of genocide studies. Oxford University Press, 2010 • Robert Gellately and Ben Kiernan. The specter of genocide: Mass murder in historical perspective. Cambridge University Press, 2003

Academic books can be recognized by the fact that they are published by academic presses (e.g. Cambridge University Press). Non-exhaustive lists of academic generalist journals, most of which publish high quality research on genocide, can be found below: • History: AVAILABLE ONLINE HERE. • Sociology: AVAILABLE ONLINE HERE.

• Political science: AVAILABLE ONLINE HERE.

3 • Anthropology: AVAILABLE ONLINE HERE. • Psychology: AVAILABLE ONLINE HERE. • Economics: AVAILABLE ONLINE HERE. In addition, there are three high quality journals dedicated to the study of genocide -the Journal of Genocide Research, Genocide Studies and Prevention and Holocaust and Genocide Studies- that you might want to consult.

Paper

You will write a 15 page paper (Times New Roman, 12pt, double-spaced, 1 inch margins all around) providing a causal explanation of the episode of mass killing you choose. In your paper you will:

1. Use the 5 sources you collected. 2. Give a general overview of how the violence unfolded. 3. Explain why this episode qualifies as a genocide. This requires you to apply a definition. 4. Deploy four explanations introduced in this class to explain why this episode of mass killing took place OR explain why none of the perspectives are useful. 5. Use these explanations to draw out similarities between your case and at least 3 cases discussed in class OR explain why you think your case is incomparable OR analyze a negative case. 6. The final paper is due the first Wednesday after reading week before 5pm and needs to be submitted hard copy to your TA. (6/13).

Two Small Assignments

To facilitate the writing process we will require you to submit two short assign- ments:

1. You will submit a list with your 5 academic sources on 5/9. 2. You will submit a first 2 page overview of your paper on 5/23.

You will these assignments hard copy to your TA. Your TA will provide feedback and grade the assignments as pass/fail. Late, incomplete and failing submissions will however affect the final paper grade.

4 4/3 Northwestern Genocide

• Report of the John Evans Study Committee, Northwestern University, Chapter 4. AVAILABLE ONLINE HERE. • University of Denver John Evans Study Report, pp. iii-V, 3-16 and 88-97. AVAILABLE ONLINE HERE.

4/4 Definitions and Origins

• DOCUMENTARY: Watchers of the sky (Belzberg 2014). KANOPY.

• . : America and the age of geno- cide. Perseus Books Group, New York, NY, 2013, pp. XI-85. LIBRARY EBOOK.

4/9 Macro-level Explanations 1

• Robert D Kaplan. A readers guide to the balkans. New York Times Book Review, page 1, 1993. LIBRARY EJOURNAL. • Ben Kiernan. Twentieth-century genocides: Underlying ideological themes from armenia to east timor. The Genocide Studies Reader, 2009. CANVAS

• Barry R Posen. The security dilemma and ethnic conflict. Survival, 35(1):27–47, 1993. Only till pp. 35. LIBRARY EJOURNAL. • Eric D. Weitz. The Modernity of Genocides. The specter of genocide: Mass murder in historical perspective. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, MA, 2003. Only pp. 54-63. CANVAS.

4/11 Macro-level Explanations 2

• Benjamin Valentino. Final solutions: the causes of mass killing and geno- cide. Security Studies, 9(3):1–59, 2000. 2 PAGE SELECTION. CAN- VAS. • Jack Snyder. From voting to violence. WW Norton, New York, NY, 2000, Chapter 2. CANVAS. • Manus Midlarsky. The killing trap: genocide in the twentieth century. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, MA, 2005. 2 PAGE SELEC- TION. CANVAS.

5 4/16 Micro and Meso-level Explanations 1

• Case selection due in class! • DOCUMENTARY: The Stanford Prisoner Experiment (BBC). AVAIL- ABLE ONLINE HERE.

• Philip Zimbardo. The lucifer effect: understanding how good people become evil. Random House, New York, NY, 2007, Chapter 13 and 14. LIBRARY EBOOK. • James Waller. Becoming evil: How ordinary people commit genocide and mass killing. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2007. Chapter 2. LI- BRARY EBOOK. • SKIM: John Mueller. The banality of ethnic war. International Security, 25(1):42–70, 2000. LIBRARY EJOURNAL.

4/18 Micro and Meso-level Explanations 2

• SKIM: Stathis N Kalyvas. The ontology of political violence: action and identity in civil wars. Perspectives on politics, 1(3):475–494, 2003. EJOURNAL.

• Alex Alvarez. Genocidal crimes. Routledge, 2009, Chapter 4. CANVAS. • John Hagan and Wenona Rymond-Richmond. The collective dynamics of racial dehumanization and genocidal victimization in darfur. American Sociological Review, 73(6):875–902, 2008. EJOURNAL.

4/23 How to investigate your case?

• Start reading for next week!!! • Meet in B234 (main library).

4/25 Holocaust Macro

• Doris L Bergen. War and genocide: A concise history of the Holocaust. Rowman & Littlefield, 2016. PURCHASE.

4/30 Holocaust Micro and Meso

• Götz Aly. Hitler’s beneficiaries: plunder, racial war, and The Nazi welfare state. Macmillan, 2007, Chapter 7. CANVAS.

6 • Daniel J. Goldhagen. Hitler’s willing executioners: Ordinary Germans and the Holocaust. Knopf, New York, NY, 1996, Chapter 15. CANVAS. • Christopher R. Browning. Ordinary men: Reserve Police Battalion 101 and the final solution in Poland. Harper Perennial, New York, NY, 1993, Chapter 18. CANVAS.

5/2 Midterm

• Prepare for id and essay questions.

5/7 Armenia Macro and Comparisons

• DOCUMENTARY: The Armenian Genocide (Goldberg 2006). CANVAS. • Robert Melson. Revolution and genocide: on the origins of the Armenian genocide and the Holocaust. University of Chicago Press, 1992, chapter 4 & 5 CANVAS. • Donald Bloxham. The armenian genocide of 1915-1916: cumulative rad- icalization and the development of a destruction policy. Past & Present, (181):141–191, 2003. LIBRARY EJOURNAL.

5/9 Rwanda Macro and Negative Cases

• Reference list due in class! • DOCUMENTARY: PBS Frontline: Ghosts of Rwanda (Barker 2004) KANOPY.

• Helen M Hintjens. Explaining the 1994 genocide in rwanda. The Journal of Modern African Studies, 37(2):241–286, 1999 • Scott Straus. Retreating from the brink: Theorizing mass violence and the dynamics of restraint. Perspectives on Politics, 10(2):343–362, 2012 ONLY pp. 351-355

5/14 Rwanda Micro and Meso

• Scott Straus. The order of genocide. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, 2006, chapter 4, 5 & 6 LIBRARY EBOOK.

7 5/16 Bosnia Macro

• DOCUMENTARY: The Death of Yugoslavia (BBC 1995). Only Part 1-4. YOUTUBE. • Gerard Toal and Carl T Dahlman. Bosnia remade: Ethnic cleansing and its reversal. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2011. Chapter 1. LIBRARY EBOOK.

5/21 Bosnia Micro and Meso

• Ivana Maček. Sarajevo under siege: Anthropology in wartime. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, PA, 2009. Chapter 9. CANVAS. • Anthony Oberschall. The manipulation of ethnicity: From ethnic co- operation to violence and war in yugoslavia. Ethnic and racial studies, 23(6):982–1001, 2000. LIBRARY EJOURNAL.

• Mart Bax. Warlords, priests and the politics of ethnic cleansing: a case- study from rural bosnia hercegovina. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 23(1):16– 36, 2000. LIBRARY EJOURNAL.

5/23 Resisting Genocide

• Two page overview paper due in class! • Listen to two testimonies available at this USHMM link. • Claire Andrieu, Sarah Gensburger, and Jacques Semelin. Resisting Geno- cides. The Multiple Forms of Rescue. Columbia University Press, 2011, Chapters 23 and 29. CANVAS.

5/28 Memorial Day

• No class!!

5/30 Take-home essay (Open book)

• Review 4 cases.

6/4 One-on-one meetings about papers

• Meet in 1808 Chicago ave, room 103.

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