DOCSLIB.ORG

Fire Management Assessment of the Songshan Nature Reserve, China

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Fire Management Assessment of the Songshan Nature Reserve, China GLOBAL FIRE INITIATIVE Technical Report Fire Management Assessment of the Songshan Nature Reserve, China April 2008 GFI technical report 2008-1a Citation: Myers, R., D. Johnson and M. Krawchuk. Fire Management Assessment of the Songshan Nature Reserve, China. GFI technical report 2008-1a. The Nature Conservancy, Arlington, VA. For more information: Ronald L. Myers Latin America and Caribbean Fire Director Global Fire Initiative The Nature Conservancy Tall Timbers Research Station 13093 Henry Beadel Drive Tallahassee, FL 32312 USA 850-668-5569 [email protected] www.tncfuego.org Cover Photo: Old-growth Chinese red pine (Pinus tabuliformis) in Songshan Nature Reserve. ©Ronald Myers 2 contents contents Section Page Introduction . .1 Purpose . .1 Fire Management Assessment Framework & Process . .2 Focus & Constraints . .3 Vegetation, Fire Environment & Disturbances . .5 General Information . .5 Vegetation . .5 Fire Response Categories, Fire Regimes & Fuels . .6 Disturbance History . .13 Characteristics of Pinus tabuliformis . .16 Distribution . .16 Adaptations to Fire & Other Disturbances . .16 Fire Management at Songshan . .26 Conclusions & Recommendations . .27 Future of Chinese Red Pine Under Current Management Regime . .27 Current Fire Management Approach at Songshan . .27 Ecological Disturbance Model for Songshan Nature Reserve . .28 Future Fire Management Options at Songshan . .28 Fire Management Options in China . .28 Next Steps . .30 References . .31 iii 1introduction introduction Purpose During 27–31 August 2007, a team of fire north of Beijing to assess the role of fire, management and fire ecology experts from if any, in the dynamics and maintenance of the United States traveled to Beijing to Chinese red pine (Pinus tabuliformis Carr. ) meet with Chinese foresters, ecologists and associated vegetation. Preliminary and geographers interested in fire manage- Nature Conservancy conservation planning ment issues. The Team also made a field in the area pointed to the lack of regenera- visit to Songshan National Nature Reserve tion of red pine in the Reserve. Team Members - Darren Johnson, Fire Ecologist, Global Fire Team, The Nature Conservancy, USA - Meg Krawchuk, PhD., Post-doctoral Researcher, Center for Fire Research & Outreach, University of California at Berkeley, USA - Ronald Myers, PhD., Fire Director, Latin America & the Caribbean, Global Fire Team, The Nature Conservancy, USA - Yu Guangzhi, Protected Area Strategy Manager, The Nature Conservancy, China - Matthew Durnin, PhD., Conservation Scientist. The Nature Conservancy, China - Xiaorui Tian, PhD., Research Institute of Forest Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, China The team was accompanied by Ruiyi Chen, Lili Li and Wanjie Jiang from the Conservation Sector at Songshan Nature Reserve. During the trip, the Assessment Team met with: Hu Yuanhui, Division Director, International Forestry Cooperation Center, State Forestry Administration, Beijing, China Fu Yuling, Institute of Geographic Sciences & Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) Beijing, China Zheng Du, Professor, Institute of Geographic Sciences & Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, China Guirui Yu, PhD., Synthesis Center of Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, CAS, Beijing, China Ying Sun, PhD., Chief, Office of International Cooperation, Institute of Geographical Sciences & Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing Wu Shaohong, PhD., Professor, Institute of Geographical Sciences & Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing Keping Ma, PhD., Director & Professor, Institute of Botany, CAS, Beijing Yang si qi, Journalist of Current Events, The Beijing News 1 The objectives of the assessment were to: Fire Management Assessment Framework & Process (1) Gather information on fire manage- Prior to arriving in China and visiting ment needs and issues at Songshan Songshan Nature Reserve, the assessment National Nature Reserve that may be team gathered background information on important in biodiversity conservation and the Reserve and the fire situation in north- management of the Reserve. west China. Key areas of inquiry were: (1) Review of ecological/environmental introduction (2) Assess whether fire plays a role in the regeneration and maintenance of Chinese and socio-economic information of the red pine at the site. assessment area. (2) Identification of ecological and socio- (3) Evaluate fire management planning, economic equivalents elsewhere in the training, research and information needs at world which the assessment team was the Songshan Nature Reserve, and gain familiar with or where there already exists some preliminary insights into the status considerable information and management of fire management and fire ecology in experience. China as a whole. (3) Identification of key ecological and fire (4) Provide fire managers and conservation management experts: (1) within the specif- management specialists with recommenda- ic area or region to be visited and (2) in tions on long-term strategies and actions ecologically equivalent ecosystems else- to reduce fire-related threats at the where in the world. Reserve. (4) Determination of current approach to (5) Introduce ecological concepts related fire management in the area by reviewing to fire that could be adapted to conserva- existing management plan, fire policies, tion management strategies throughout and fire staffing, etc. China. (5) Understanding how the socio-econom- (6) Provide The Nature Conservancy ic and political systems in China influence (TNC) in China with a conceptual frame- the type, approaches and effectiveness of work for identifying and addressing fire- fire management. related threats to biodiversity conservation at their priority conservation areas. Once in China, the assessment team pur- sued information about: fire management at the Reserve, national and local fire poli- This assessment was conducted as part of cies and laws, and perceptions of the pub- the Global Fire Partnership, which lic, scientists and land managers about includes the Conservancy’s Global Fire wildland fire and fire management, includ- Initiative and the University of California ing their basic understanding of fire at Berkeley’s Center for Fire Research & regimes and fire as an ecological process. Outreach. 2 introduction These issues and questions included: change, or how are they changing now, as a result of fire prevention and suppression (1) Based on meetings with key area man- and/or fire use practices? agers, Nature Conservancy staff, country or regional decision makers, scientists and (7) Be prepared to address concerns about natural historians, and community-level fire effects on fauna, specific plant species, stakeholders: What are current views about and soils. What are current local views? fire? What are current policies? Are poli- How do these relate to what we know cies effectively applied? Ignored? Counter about ecologically equivalent ecosystems productive? and species elsewhere? (2) What is the general perception about (8) How is fire related to climate change, fire in different levels of society in the area invasive species, watersheds and water or region? quality/quantity, etc. at the site? (3) What is the fire history of the area- (9) Evaluate the role of human burning in long-, medium- and short-term? Have creating, maintaining and negatively recent fires been mapped and fire effects impacting existing vegetation, desired con- evaluated? Are there old photographs of ditions and fire regimes. the area? Have fire ignition sources been documented? Given fuel conditions, plant (10) What broad economic and social poli- adaptations, climatic conditions and local cies and cultural traditions are affecting capacity, is there evidence that lightning fire regimes and fire management effec- ignitions are appropriately identified or tiveness, e.g. agricultural policies, land under-reported? tenure issues, forestry and logging prac- tices, industrial agriculture, energy explo- (4) Ecological review: General classifica- ration, urbanization or domestication of tion of vegetation/ecosystem responses to the landscape? fire, i.e. dependent, sensitive, independent. Are these categories accepted by scientists Focus & Constraints and fire managers? Identify adaptations to Information in this report is based on fire of keystone and dominant species in observations made at Songshan National fire-dependent ecosystems. Nature Reserve and through discussions with: (1) Reserve staff, an ecologist with (5) Assess current and desired conditions the Chinese Academy of Sciences, staff and fire regimes, and define role of fire and from The Nature Conservancy’s China potentially acceptable fire regimes in each program, and a local resident living in the ecological state, and fire regimes or actions village of Dazhuangke located within the that cause shifts, i.e. create a preliminary Reserve (during a day and a half visit in conceptual ecological model. What is the the Reserve); and (2) State Forestry long-term prognosis of the area under Administration officials, and scientists existing management and fire regimes? with the Chinese Academy of Science (during a three-day visit in Beijing). The (6) Brief qualitative assessment of fire Team’s observations in the Reserve were danger, fire risks, and values at risk to fire limited to the main trail in the Reserve in and around area. How might these that follows one of the primary drainages 3 and is open to the public. The Team was from scientific studies in similar ecosys- also able to enter a
Load more

Recommended publications
  • EVERGREEN TREES for NEBRASKA Justin Evertson & Bob Henrickson
    THE NEBRASKA STATEWIDE ARBORETUM PRESENTS EVERGREEN TREES FOR NEBRASKA Justin Evertson & Bob Henrickson. For more plant information, visit plantnebraska.org or retreenbraska.unl.edu Throughout much of the Great Plains, just a handful of species make up the majority of evergreens being planted. This makes them extremely vulnerable to challenges brought on by insects, extremes of weather, and diseases. Utilizing a variety of evergreen species results in a more diverse and resilient landscape that is more likely to survive whatever challenges come along. Geographic Adaptability: An E indicates plants suitable primarily to the Eastern half of the state while a W indicates plants that prefer the more arid environment of western Nebraska. All others are considered to be adaptable to most of Nebraska. Size Range: Expected average mature height x spread for Nebraska. Common & Proven Evergreen Trees 1. Arborvitae, Eastern ‐ Thuja occidentalis (E; narrow habit; vertically layered foliage; can be prone to ice storm damage; 20‐25’x 5‐15’; cultivars include ‘Techny’ and ‘Hetz Wintergreen’) 2. Arborvitae, Western ‐ Thuja plicata (E; similar to eastern Arborvitae but not as hardy; 25‐40’x 10‐20; ‘Green Giant’ is a common, fast growing hybrid growing to 60’ tall) 3. Douglasfir (Rocky Mountain) ‐ Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (soft blue‐green needles; cones have distinctive turkey‐foot bract; graceful habit; avoid open sites; 50’x 30’) 4. Fir, Balsam ‐ Abies balsamea (E; narrow habit; balsam fragrance; avoid open, windswept sites; 45’x 20’) 5. Fir, Canaan ‐ Abies balsamea var. phanerolepis (E; similar to balsam fir; common Christmas tree; becoming popular as a landscape tree; very graceful; 45’x 20’) 6.
    [Show full text]
  • Pines in the Arboretum
    UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA MtJ ARBORETUM REVIEW No. 32-198 PETER C. MOE Pines in the Arboretum Pines are probably the best known of the conifers native to The genus Pinus is divided into hard and soft pines based on the northern hemisphere. They occur naturally from the up­ the hardness of wood, fundamental leaf anatomy, and other lands in the tropics to the limits of tree growth near the Arctic characteristics. The soft or white pines usually have needles in Circle and are widely grown throughout the world for timber clusters of five with one vascular bundle visible in cross sec­ and as ornamentals. In Minnesota we are limited by our cli­ tions. Most hard pines have needles in clusters of two or three mate to the more cold hardy species. This review will be with two vascular bundles visible in cross sections. For the limited to these hardy species, their cultivars, and a few hy­ discussion here, however, this natural division will be ignored brids that are being evaluated at the Arboretum. and an alphabetical listing of species will be used. Where neces­ Pines are readily distinguished from other common conifers sary for clarity, reference will be made to the proper groups by their needle-like leaves borne in clusters of two to five, of particular species. spirally arranged on the stem. Spruce (Picea) and fir (Abies), Of the more than 90 species of pine, the following 31 are or for example, bear single leaves spirally arranged. Larch (Larix) have been grown at the Arboretum. It should be noted that and true cedar (Cedrus) bear their leaves in a dense cluster of many of the following comments and recommendations are indefinite number, whereas juniper (Juniperus) and arborvitae based primarily on observations made at the University of (Thuja) and their related genera usually bear scalelikie or nee­ Minnesota Landscape Arboretum, and plant performance dlelike leaves that are opposite or borne in groups of three.
    [Show full text]
  • Biodiversity Conservation in Botanical Gardens
    AgroSMART 2019 International scientific and practical conference ``AgroSMART - Smart solutions for agriculture'' Volume 2019 Conference Paper Biodiversity Conservation in Botanical Gardens: The Collection of Pinaceae Representatives in the Greenhouses of Peter the Great Botanical Garden (BIN RAN) E M Arnautova and M A Yaroslavceva Department of Botanical garden, BIN RAN, Saint-Petersburg, Russia Abstract The work researches the role of botanical gardens in biodiversity conservation. It cites the total number of rare and endangered plants in the greenhouse collection of Peter the Great Botanical garden (BIN RAN). The greenhouse collection of Pinaceae representatives has been analysed, provided with a short description of family, genus and certain species, presented in the collection. The article highlights the importance of Pinaceae for various industries, decorative value of plants of this group, the worth of the pinaceous as having environment-improving properties. In Corresponding Author: the greenhouses there are 37 species of Pinaceae, of 7 geni, all species have a E M Arnautova conservation status: CR -- 2 species, EN -- 3 species, VU- 3 species, NT -- 4 species, LC [email protected] -- 25 species. For most species it is indicated what causes depletion. Most often it is Received: 25 October 2019 the destruction of natural habitats, uncontrolled clearance, insect invasion and diseases. Accepted: 15 November 2019 Published: 25 November 2019 Keywords: biodiversity, botanical gardens, collections of tropical and subtropical plants, Pinaceae plants, conservation status Publishing services provided by Knowledge E E M Arnautova and M A Yaroslavceva. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons 1. Introduction Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use and Nowadays research of biodiversity is believed to be one of the overarching goals for redistribution provided that the original author and source are the modern world.
    [Show full text]
  • Hybridization and Evolution in the Genus Pinus
    Hybridization and Evolution in the Genus Pinus Baosheng Wang Department of Ecology and Environmental Science Umeå 2013 Hybridization and Evolution in the Genus Pinus Baosheng Wang Department of Ecology and Environmental Science Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden 2013 This work is protected by the Swedish Copyright Legislation (Act 1960:729) Copyright©Baosheng Wang ISBN: 978-91-7459-702-8 Cover photo: Jian-Feng Mao Printed by: Print&Media Umeå, Sweden 2013 List of Papers This thesis is a summary and discussion of the following papers, which are referred to by their Roman numerals. I. Wang, B. and Wang, X.R. Mitochondrial DNA capture and divergence in Pinus provide new insights into the evolution of the genus. Submitted Manuscript II. Wang, B., Mao, J.F., Gao, J., Zhao, W. and Wang, X.R. 2011. Colonization of the Tibetan Plateau by the homoploid hybrid pine Pinus densata. Molecular Ecology 20: 3796-3811. III. Gao, J., Wang, B., Mao, J.F., Ingvarsson, P., Zeng, Q.Y. and Wang, X.R. 2012. Demography and speciation history of the homoploid hybrid pine Pinus densata on the Tibetan Plateau. Molecular Ecology 21: 4811–4827. IV. Wang, B., Mao, J.F., Zhao, W. and Wang, X.R. 2013. Impact of geography and climate on the genetic differentiation of the subtropical pine Pinus yunnannensis. PLoS One. 8: e67345. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0067345 V. Wang, B., Mahani, M.K., Ng, W.L., Kusumi, J., Phi, H.H., Inomata, N., Wang, X.R. and Szmidt, A.E. Extremely low nucleotide polymorphism in Pinus krempfii Lecomte, a unique flat needle pine endemic to Vietnam.
    [Show full text]
  • Interspecific Variation and Phylogenic Architecture of Pinus Densata and the Hybrid of Pinus Tabuliformis×Pinus Yunnanensis In
    Journal of Botanical Research | Volume 03 | Issue 01 | January 2021 Journal of Botanical Research https://ojs.bilpublishing.com/index.php/jbr ARTICLE Interspecific Variation and Phylogenic Architecture of Pinus densata and the Hybrid of Pinus tabuliformis×Pinus Yunnanensis in the Pinus densata Habitat: an Electrical Impedance Spectra Perspective Fengxiang Ma1 Xiaoyang Chen2 Yue Li3* 1. School of Sciences, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China 2. College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China 3. National Engineering Laboratory for Forest Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory for Genetics and Breeding of Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history We evaluated a novel and non-destructive method of the electrical Received: 21 September 2020 impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to elucidate the genetic and evolutionary relationship of homoploid hybrid conifer of Pinus densata (P.d) and its Accepted: 16 October 2020 parental species Pinus tabuliformis (P.t) and Pinus yunnanensis (P.y), Published Online: 31 January 2021 as well as the artificial hybrids of the P.t and P.y. Field common garden tests of96 trees sampled from 760 seedlings and 480 EIS records of Keywords: 1,440 needles assessed the interspecific variation of the P.d, P.t, P.y and Pinus densata the artificial hybrids. We found that (1) EIS at different frequencies diverged significantly among germplasms; P.y
    [Show full text]
  • Identification and Expression Profiles of Srnas and Their Biogenesis And
    Niu et al. BMC Genomics (2015) 16:693 DOI 10.1186/s12864-015-1885-6 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Identification and expression profiles of sRNAs and their biogenesis and action-related genes in male and female cones of Pinus tabuliformis Shi-Hui Niu, Chang Liu, Hu-Wei Yuan, Pei Li, Yue Li and Wei Li* Abstract Background: Small RNA (sRNA) play pivotal roles in reproductive development, and their biogenesis and action mechanisms are well characterised in angiosperm plants; however, corresponding studies in conifers are very limited. To improve our understanding of the roles of sRNA pathways in the reproductive development of conifers, the genes associated with sRNA biogenesis and action pathways were identified and analysed, and sRNA sequencing and parallel analysis of RNA ends (PARE) were performed in male and female cones of the Chinese pine (Pinus tabuliformis). Results: Based on high-quality reference transcriptomic sequences, 21 high-confidence homologues involved in sRNA biogenesis and action in P. tabuliformis were identified, including two different DCL3 genes and one AGO4 gene. More than 75 % of genes involved in sRNA biogenesis and action have higher expression levels in female than in male cones. Twenty-six microRNA (miRNA) families and 74 targets, including 46 24-nt sRNAs with a 5’ A, which are specifically expressed in male cones or female cones and probably bind to AGO4, were identified. Conclusions: The sRNA pathways have higher activity in female than in male cones, and the miRNA pathways are the main sRNA pathways in P. tabuliformis. The low level of 24-nt short-interfering RNAs in conifers is not caused by the absence of biogenesis-related genes or AGO-binding proteins, but most likely caused by the low accumulation of these key components.
    [Show full text]
  • Number 3, Spring 1998 Director’S Letter
    Planning and planting for a better world Friends of the JC Raulston Arboretum Newsletter Number 3, Spring 1998 Director’s Letter Spring greetings from the JC Raulston Arboretum! This garden- ing season is in full swing, and the Arboretum is the place to be. Emergence is the word! Flowers and foliage are emerging every- where. We had a magnificent late winter and early spring. The Cornus mas ‘Spring Glow’ located in the paradise garden was exquisite this year. The bright yellow flowers are bright and persistent, and the Students from a Wake Tech Community College Photography Class find exfoliating bark and attractive habit plenty to photograph on a February day in the Arboretum. make it a winner. It’s no wonder that JC was so excited about this done soon. Make sure you check of themselves than is expected to seedling selection from the field out many of the special gardens in keep things moving forward. I, for nursery. We are looking to propa- the Arboretum. Our volunteer one, am thankful for each and every gate numerous plants this spring in curators are busy planting and one of them. hopes of getting it into the trade. preparing those gardens for The magnolias were looking another season. Many thanks to all Lastly, when you visit the garden I fantastic until we had three days in our volunteers who work so very would challenge you to find the a row of temperatures in the low hard in the garden. It shows! Euscaphis japonicus. We had a twenties. There was plenty of Another reminder — from April to beautiful seven-foot specimen tree damage to open flowers, but the October, on Sunday’s at 2:00 p.m.
    [Show full text]
  • Genetic Analysis of Needle Morphological and Anatomical Traits Among Nature Populations of Pinus Tabuliformis
    Journal of Plant Studies; Vol. 6, No. 1; 2017 ISSN 1927-0461 E-ISSN 1927-047X Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education Genetic Analysis of Needle Morphological and Anatomical Traits among Nature Populations of Pinus Tabuliformis Mei Zhang1, Jing-Xiang Meng1, Zi-Jie Zhang1, Song-Lin Zhu2 & Yue Li1 1National Engineering Laboratory for Forest Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory for Genetics and Breeding of Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China 2The Forestry Bureau of Xixian, China Correspondence: Mei Zhang, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China. E-mail: [email protected] Received: December 6, 2016 Accepted: January 10, 2017 Online Published: January 21, 2017 doi:10.5539/jps.v6n1p62 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jps.v6n1p62 Abstract The morphological and anatomical traits of needles are important to evaluate geographic variation and population dynamics of conifer species. Variations of morphological and anatomical needle traits in coniferous species are considered to be the consequence of genetic evolution, and be used in geographic variation and ecological studies, etc. Pinus tabuliformis is a particular native coniferous species in northern and central China. For understanding its adaptive evolution in needle traits, the needle samplings of 10 geographic populations were collected from a 30yr provenience common garden trail that might eliminate site environment effect and show genetic variation among populations and 20 needle morphological and anatomical traits were involved. The results showed that variations among and within populations were significantly different over all the measured traits and the variance components within population were generally higher than that among populations in the most measured needle traits.
    [Show full text]
  • Functional Characterization of the Late Embryogenesis
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Functional characterization of the late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) protein gene family from Received: 23 September 2015 Accepted: 14 December 2015 Pinus tabuliformis (Pinaceae) in Published: 19 January 2016 Escherichia coli Jie Gao1 & Ting Lan2 Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins are a large and highly diverse gene family present in a wide range of plant species. LEAs are proposed to play a role in various stress tolerance responses. Our study represents the first-ever survey of LEA proteins and their encoding genes in a widely distributed pine (Pinus tabuliformis) in China. Twenty–three LEA genes were identified from theP. tabuliformis belonging to seven groups. Proteins with repeated motifs are an important feature specific toLEA groups. Ten of 23 pine LEA genes were selectively expressed in specific tissues, and showed expression divergence within each group. In addition, we selected 13 genes representing each group and introduced theses genes into Escherichia coli to assess the protective function of PtaLEA under heat and salt stresses. Compared with control cells, the E. coli cells expressing PtaLEA fusion protein exhibited enhanced salt and heat resistance and viability, indicating the protein may play a protective role in cells under stress conditions. Furthermore, among these enhanced tolerance genes, a certain extent of function divergence appeared within a gene group as well as between gene groups, suggesting potential functional diversity of this gene family in conifers. Abiotic stresses, such as drought, salinity, and extreme temperature are limiting factors for normal plant growth and development. High salinity upsets homeostasis in water potential and ion distribution at both cellular and whole plant levels1.
    [Show full text]
  • Genetic Improvement of Pinus Koraiensis in China: Current Situation and Future Prospects
    Review Genetic Improvement of Pinus koraiensis in China: Current Situation and Future Prospects Xiang Li 1, Xiao-Ting Liu 1, Jia-Tong Wei 1, Yan Li 1, Mulualem Tigabu 2 and Xi-Yang Zhao 1,* 1 State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; [email protected] (X.L.); [email protected] (X.-T.L.); [email protected] (J.-T.W.); [email protected] (Y.L.) 2 Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 2 December 2019; Accepted: 23 January 2020; Published: 28 January 2020 Abstract: Pinus koraiensis (Sieb.et Zucc) is an economically and ecologically important tree species, naturally distributed in northeastern China. Conservation efforts and genetic improvement for this species began in the 1960s and 1980s, with the establishment of several primary seed orchards based on range-wide provenance evaluations. The original breeding objective was to improve growth and wood yield, but during the recent decade, it was redefined to include other traits, such as an enhancement of wood properties, seed oil content, cone yield, and the development of elite provenance with families, clones, and varieties with good tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, improvement processes are slow due to a long breeding cycle, and the number of improved varieties is still low. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in the selective improvement of P. koraiensis varieties, such as elite provenance, family, and clones, using various breeding procedures. We collate information on advances in the improvement of P.
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution of Cavitation Resistance in Conifers Maximilian Larter
    The evolution of cavitation resistance in conifers Maximilian Larter To cite this version: Maximilian Larter. The evolution of cavitation resistance in conifers. Bioclimatology. Univer- sit´ede Bordeaux, 2016. English. <NNT : 2016BORD0103>. <tel-01375936> HAL Id: tel-01375936 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01375936 Submitted on 3 Oct 2016 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destin´eeau d´ep^otet `ala diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publi´esou non, lished or not. The documents may come from ´emanant des ´etablissements d'enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche fran¸caisou ´etrangers,des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou priv´es. THESE Pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR DE L’UNIVERSITE DE BORDEAUX Spécialité : Ecologie évolutive, fonctionnelle et des communautés Ecole doctorale: Sciences et Environnements Evolution de la résistance à la cavitation chez les conifères The evolution of cavitation resistance in conifers Maximilian LARTER Directeur : Sylvain DELZON (DR INRA) Co-Directeur : Jean-Christophe DOMEC (Professeur, BSA) Soutenue le 22/07/2016 Devant le jury composé de : Rapporteurs : Mme Amy ZANNE, Prof., George Washington University Mr Jordi MARTINEZ VILALTA, Prof., Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona Examinateurs : Mme Lisa WINGATE, CR INRA, UMR ISPA, Bordeaux Mr Jérôme CHAVE, DR CNRS, UMR EDB, Toulouse i ii Abstract Title: The evolution of cavitation resistance in conifers Abstract Forests worldwide are at increased risk of widespread mortality due to intense drought under current and future climate change.
    [Show full text]
  • FLORA of BEIJING Jinshuang Ma and Quanru Liu
    URBAN HABITATS, VOLUME 1, NUMBER 1 • ISSN 1541-7115 FLORA OF BEIJING http://www.urbanhabitats.org Jinshuang Ma and Quanru Liu Flora of Beijing: An Overview and Suggestions for Future Research* Jinshuang Ma and Quanru Liu Brooklyn Botanic Garden, 1000 Washington Avenue, Brooklyn, New York 11225; [email protected]; [email protected] nonnative, invasive, and weed species, as well as a lst Abstract This paper reviews Flora of Beijing (He, 1992), of relevant herbarium collections. We also make especially from the perspective of the standards of suggestions for future revisions of Flora of Beijing in modern urban floras of western countries. The the areas of description and taxonomy. We geography, land-use and population patterns, and recommend more detailed categorization of species vegetation of Beijing are discussed, as well as the by origin (from native to cultivated, including plants history of Flora of Beijing. The vegetation of Beijing, introduced, escaped, and naturalized from gardens which is situated in northern China, has been and parks); by scale and scope of distribution drastically altered by human activities; as a result, it (detailing from worldwide to special or unique local is no longer characterized by the pine-oak mixed distribution); by conservation ranking (using IUCN broad-leaved deciduous forests typical of the standards, for example); by habitat; and by utilization. northern temperate region. Of the native species that Finally, regarding plant treatments, we suggest remain, the following dominate: Pinus tabuliformis, improvements in the stability of nomenclature, Quercus spp., Acer spp., Koelreuteria paniculata, descriptions of taxa, and the quality and quantity of Vitex negundo var.
    [Show full text]