ACADEMIA SINICA Taiwan International Graduate Program

http://tigp.sinica.edu.tw

Earth System Science Program (ESS) Introduction Academia Sinica established the Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP) in collaboration with a consortium of key national research universities in Taiwan. The purpose of this program is to develop a pool of highly capable researchers across various fields to establish a multidisciplinary framework that will enhance innovation and academic research standards in these and related fields thereby ensuring the future economic and social development of Taiwan. TIGP offers Ph.D. programs in selected disciplines agreed upon by Academia Sinica and its collaborating national research universities. The program offers Ph.D. degree programs in inter-disciplinary areas including: the physical sciences, applied sciences, engineering, biological and agricultural sciences, earth system sciences, health and medical sciences, and humanities and social sciences. Academia Sinica has assumed principal oversight of the academic options included in the program. It provides intellectual leadership, research resources, and physical facilities. Qualified and interested faculty members of participating national research universities are invited to join the various programs as the program’s affiliated faculty, and participate in the teaching of courses, supervision of research, and mentoring of international graduate students. The TIGP Program on “Earth System Science” Earth System Science focuses on our understanding of the inter-dependence and inter-connectedness of Earth’s fundamental components: the lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. It examines interactions among chemical, physical, biological, and dynamic processes over spatial scales from the sub-micron to the size of the planets, and over time scales of less than a second to billions of years. The phenomena involved are frequently not only intellectually challenging but also socio-economically relevant and significant. At Academia Sinica, the research interests of scientists in this field are far ranging, including the evolution of the Earth’s atmosphere, anthropogenic impacts on regional climate, changes in the biogeochemistry of the ocean and global climate in response to the increase in atmospheric CO2, the effects of atmospheric processes on ocean biogeochemistry, changes in fluvial input to the oceans under climate change, the physical and chemical processes that govern the dynamic evolution of the solid Earth, the processes occurring within the lithosphere, especially those operating around subduction zones, within orogenic belts, and in the lower part of the continental crust, the mechanism and wave propagation of earthquakes, transport and fate of atmospheric pollutants, and the health risks of environmental contaminants. We welcome young inquisitive minds to join us in exploring these interesting phenomena in our Earth Science System Ph.D. program. Faculty and Staff Academia Sinica Research Center for Environmental Changes Dr. Pao-Kuan Wang Ph.D., University of California, Los Angeles Cloud Physics and Dynamics, Meteorology Dr. Shaw-Chen Liu Ph.D., University of Pittsburg Atmospheric chemistry, Air quality, Budgets of trace gases and aerosols, Biogeochemical cycles, Climate change PM10_2010_CFG Dr. George T.F. Wong N. Taiwan Ph.D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology- Woods Hole Sea Salt Others 28% PM10_ 2010 Oceanographic Institution 33% CFG -3 Marine biogeochemistry, Marine carbon cycle, Trace element (42.6 gm )

PM10_ 2010_ YMS geochemistry EC nss-sulfate Sea Salt 2% 14% 4%

OM Nitrate nss-sulfate Dr. Fuh-Kwo Shiah 13% 5% YMS 21% Ammonium 5% Ph.D., Marine, Estuarine and Environmental Sciences Program (20.6 gm-3) Others 43%

University of Maryland, College Park Cape-FuGueiNitrate Observatory 4%

Microbial ecology, Planktonic tropho-dynamics, Biological Ammonium PM10_2010_NTU 7% InstituteSea of Salt Earth Sciences EC oceanography 5% OM nss-sulfate 2% 19% 13% NTU Dr. Huang-Hsiung Hsu Dr. Lou-ChuangNitrate Lee 4% (47.1 gm-3) Ph.D., University of Washington Ph.D.,Others California InstituteAmmonium of Technology 50% 5% Climate variation and change Space Physics

OM Dr. Shih-Chun Candice Lung Dr. Benjamin20% Fong Chao EC Sc.D., Harvard School of Public Health Ph.D., University3% of California, San Diego Exposure and risk assessment, Organic aerosols, Aerosol source Earth/Planetary rotation dynamics and gravitational variations, Global changes in geophysical fluids, apportionment Global geophysics and seismology, Digital data analysis and Dr. Charles C.-K. Chou inverse/inference theories Ph.D., National Central University Dr. Bor-Shouh Huang Physico-chemical characterization of atmospheric aerosols, Air Ph.D., National Central University quality monitoring and management Seismology, Geophysics, Geosciences Dr. Danie Mao-Chang Liang Dr. Ban-Yuan Kuo Ph.D., California Institute of Technology Ph.D., Brown University Atmospheric photochemistry, Biogeochemical cycles of Seismology, Geodynamic Tectonics nitrogen andcarbon, Astrobiology Dr. Jian-Cheng Lee Dr. Chih-Chung Chang Ph.D., Université Pierre et Marie Curie Ph.D., National Tsing Hua University Geodynamic, Computer Earth Science, Remote sensing, Instrumental analysis, Analysis of volatile organic compounds, Morpho-structural Geology Atmospheric ozone chemistry Dr. Cheng-Horng Lin Ph.D., Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Dr. Chuan-Yao Lin Seismology, Tectonics Ph.D., National Central University Air quality,Mesoscale Meteorology, Regional Climate Change, Dr. Yu-Chang Chan Ph.D., University of Connecticut Urban heat island effect Neotectonics, Structural Geology, Geomorphology Dr. Tung-Yuan Ho Dr. Wu-Cheng Chi Ph.D., State University of New York at Stony Brook Ph.D., University of California at Berkeley Marine Biogeochemistry, Marine Organic Geochemistry, Ocean-Bottom Seismology, Seismic Source, Tectonophysics Environmental Chemistry, Environmental Analytical Chemistry Dr. Li Zhao Dr. Shih-Yu Lee Ph.D., Princeton University Ph.D., University of Michigan Seismology Climate Dynamics, Paleoceanography, Geological Surface Dr. Ya-Ju Hsu Process, Climate Interaction Ph.D., National Central University Crustal deformation Dr. Yi-Chia Hsin Ph.D., National Taiwan Normal University Dr. Shiann-Jong Lee Physical oceanography, Multi-scale numerical ocean modeling, Ph.D., National Central University Dynamical studies on currents around Taiwan and equatorial Seismology currents, Development of coupling model Dr. Chung-Ho Wang Ph.D., University of Hawaii Isotope Geochemistry, Isotope Hydrology Dr. Kuo-Lung Wang Ph.D., National Taiwan University Isotope geochemistry Igneous petrology, Petrology Dr. Kuo-Fang Huang Ph.D., National Cheng Kung University Isotope geochemistry Paleoceanography, Paleoclimatology, Marine Chemistry Dr. Der-Chuen Lee Ph.D., University of Michigan Isotope geochemistry National Central University Dr. Jann-Yenq Liu College of Earth Sciences Ph.D., Utah State University Ionospheric Physics, Space Physics Department of Earth Sciences and Institute of Geophysics Research Topics Dr. Chien-Ying Wang There are three strands of research in this graduate program. Ph.D., Saint Louis University 1. Aquatic Sciences Seismic methods, Seismology The primary research emphasis in the aquatic sciences Dr. Kuo-Fong Ma is on the global biogeochemical cycle: processes that Ph.D., California Inst of Tech affect the sources, transport, transformation and fate Seismology, Tectonics, Tsunami in the cycling of material among the hydrosphere, Dr. Kuo-Liang Wen atmosphere, lithosphere and biosphere. Present research Ph.D., National Central University activities focus on the role of the ocean and the impacts Earthquake engineering, Strong motion seismology, Site of human activities on this cycle. Some specific examples effect analysis are: the contribution of the marine carbon cycle to the global carbon cycle and its behavior under rising Dr. Shu-Kun Hsu atmospheric CO2, coupling of atmospheric processes Ph.D., Université de Bretagne Occidentale to the biogeochemistry of the oceans, the role of fluvial Marine geophysics, Gravity and magnetics, Tectonics inputs to the marine biogeochemical cycle, marine Dr. Andrew Tien-Shun Lin nutrient dynamics and its relationship to the marine Ph.D., Oxford University carbon cycle, the role of microbial activities in the marine Geodynamics, Petroleum Geology, Sedimentary Geology biogeochemical cycle and the effect of trace metal Dr. Po-Fei Chen availability and speciation on photosynthetic activities in Ph.D., Northwestern University the ocean. Seismology, Geophysics 2. Atmospheric Sciences Dr. Chung-Pai Chang (1) Atmospheric Chemistry Ph.D., Université P. & M. Curie This subject currently focuses on studies of middle Structural Geology, Geodynamics, Geological Data Analysis atmospheric chemistry (centered on ozone chemistry) and tropospheric chemistry (pollution chemistry). Dr. Konstantinos I. Konstantinou Remotely sensed observations are used to study Ph.D., University of Durham the chemistry of species such as ozone, water, Volcanic Seismology, Tectonophysics, Time series analysis nitrous oxide, carbon monoxide, and methane. Department of Atmospheric Sciences and Institute Global and regional models are used to interpret the of Atmospheric Physics observations. In-situ measurements in polluted cities Dr. Tai-Chi Chen are made for monitoring the sources and sinks of toxic Ph.D., Saint Louis University compounds such as ozone which can cause serious Radar meteorology, Mesoscale meteorology human health effects. Heterogeneous chemistry and Dr. Jough-Tai Wang aerosol production pathways are parts of the program. Ph.D., Oregon State University Research programs on the physicochemical properties Climate dynamics , Numerical weather prediction of atmospheric aerosols and their implications on regional climate changes, and the exposure and risk Dr. Yu-Chieng Liou assessments of toxic compounds on public health and Ph.D., University of Oklahoma ecosystems are under active development. Radar meteorology , Four dimensional data assimilation (2) Atmospheric Dynamics Dr. Neng-Huei Lin This topic currently focuses on the climate and Ph.D., North Carolina State University meteorological system of the earth. Global and Atmospheric chemistry , Environmental pollution regional models are used to simulate the cycling of Dr. Kuo-Ying Wang water and other material through the atmosphere. Ph.D., Cambridge University Climate variability and climate change, including Atmospheric chemistry , Environmental pollution monsoon dynamics, air-sea interaction, tropical Dr. Pay-Liam Lin meteorology, cloud-radiation and global warming, Ph.D., National Central University are central components of the global modeling. Boundary layer meteorology, Mesoscale meteorology The regional studies place a primary focus on the dynamical processes in East Asia. The research on Graduate Institute of Hydrological and Oceanic the hydrological cycle attempts to gain insight into Sciences processes that control the rate of precipitation. Dr. Kon-Kee Liu The distributions of atmospheric chemicals are Ph.D., University of California, Los Angles used to constrain the dynamical processes in the Numerical modeling of aquatic biogeochemical systems, upper troposphere, stratosphere, and mesosphere, Marine carbon and nitrogen cycles, Isotope geochemistry including stratosphere-troposphere and mesosphere- Dr. Ming-Jen Yang stratosphere exchange processes. Paleo-climate and Ph.D., University of Washington future climates are also a focus of the program. Precipitation physics and forecasting, Atmospheric modeling 3. Solid Earth Sciences Graduate Institute of Space Science The interior of the earth is a mixture of rocks and fluid Dr. Lin-Ni Hau that are constantly churning, transforming, and breaking. Ph.D., Rice University To understand these processes, a variety of geophysical Space Plasma Physics, Magnetospheric Physics approaches can be used. Today seismology has enabled us to see almost every corner of the earth, while potential methods such as gravity and magnetic analyses sample the earth’s Curriculum Philosophy Highlights strata as a whole. On the one hand, earthquakes serve as a powerful tool, for probing the inner-working of the Earth. On The program aims to develop confident researchers who the other hand, understanding them so as to mitigate their are self-reliant and capable of working in a team and hazards has become as essential task in a modern society. independently. The program in the Solid Earth Sciences is focused on using ● Entering students without an identified thesis advisor and advancing geophysical methods to explore the structure are invited to rotate through the mentorship of several and evolution of our dynamic planet, and to integrate and faculty members until an advisor can be identified. This apply the knowledge on the Earth system for its sustainable process should take place preferably within the first development in order to satisfy societal needs. two semesters of the enrollment of a student in the Course Offerings program. ● Whenever pedagogically advantageous, the program Four types of courses are being offered: adopts a team-teaching system, whereby each faculty (1) Required courses member teaches the subsection in a course in his or her (2) Core courses in each research strand area of primary expertise. (3) Elective courses ● In keeping up with the international stature of the (4) Elementary Chinese program, all courses will be offered in English. 1. Required courses: A. Introductory Earth System Science(3 credit units) Requirements for the Ph. D. Degree B. Seminar and Research Discussion (1 credit unit) 1. Course Work 2. Core courses: (3 credit units each) Credit requirement A. Aquatic Sciences The overall course requirements for the Ph.D. in all I. Marine Biogeochemistry research strands are similar. Students, who enter the II. Physical Oceanography program with an earned Master’s degree, must complete III. Marine Ecology a minimum of 18 credit units of course work, excluding B. Atmospheric Sciences seminars and research. Students, who enter the program I. Atmospheric Chemistry without an earned Master’s degree must complete a II. Atmospheric Dynamics minimum of 34 credit units of course work, excluding III. Aerosols and Air Pollution seminars and research. All international students are also C. Solid Earth Sciences required to take one year of Elementary Chinese, but I. Global Seismology credit units in these courses cannot be used to satisfy the II. Geology and Tectonics overall credit requirement. III. General Geophysics 3. Elective course (3 credit units each): Course distribution A student must declare a research strand among the three A. Methods for Atmospheric Monitoring offered in this program upon admission into the program. B. Space Weather The typical course distribution is as follows: C. Atmospheric Chemical Models (1) Required course for all students-Introductory Earth D. Health Risk Assessment for Environmental Pollution Issues System Science. E. Introduction to Planetary Atmospheres and Astrobiology (2) Core courses in declared research strand - 2 courses F. Marine Biogeochemical Cycle out of the list of 3 courses in the student's declared G. Marine Organic Chemistry research strand. H. Aquatic Chemistry (3) Elective courses - any number of the remaining courses I. Isotopic Geochemistry offered by the ESS program as approved by the thesis J. Marine Biogeochemistry Laboratory advisor. K. Marine Biogeochemical Models (4) Seminar and Research discussion – to be taken for at L. Computational Seismology (2 credit units) least four times. It is the responsibility of the advisor M. Strong Motion Seismology (2 credit units) to assist each student in formulating a program of N. Observational Seismology (2 credit units) study that will best satisfy his or her personal needs O. Tectonic Geomorphology (2 credit units) and fulfill the graduation requirements. Depending P. Crustal Deformation (2 credit units) on the background of the incoming student, a Q. Geophysical Inverse (2 credit units) prescribed program of additional courses for making R. Earthquake Source Mechanism (2 credit units) up background deficiencies might be required as part S. Seismic Exploration (2 credit units) of the degree requirements. T. Special Course on Seismic Studies on Atmospheric, Hydrospheric, and Lithospheric Processes (2 credit units) U. Discussions On Contemporary Issues: Aquatic Photochemistry (2 credit units) V. Directed readings in oceanography (1 credit unit) W. Discussion of Marine Trace metal biogeochemistry (2 credit units) X. Mesoscale meteorological modeling and analysis Y. Discussions on Contemporary Issues: Broadband Seismic observation More courses: http://www.rcec.sinica.edu.tw/tigp-ess/Course.htm 4. Other required course: 1-yr Elementary Chinese (required for overseas students only) Time schedule on the student’s courses taken and research interest. Students are expected to complete at least 6 courses B. Oral exam (at least 18 credit units) within the first two years of After passing the written section of the qualifying enrollment. Students are also required to take a one-credit examination, a student should submit a research course on “Seminar and Research Discussion” in each proposal to the curriculum committee for evaluation semester, for a total of four credit hours, during the initial within 1 year. The oral section of the qualifying two years of their enrollment in the program. examination is based predominantly on this research 2. Research skill requirement proposal. An examining committee, consisting of at Students who have declared the Aquatic Sciences as their least five faculty members, will be appointed by the research strand are required to have at least 5 days of curriculum committee. During the oral section of cumulative sea-going experience on research vessels. the qualifying examination, the student should be prepared to present to and discuss with the members 3. Selection of Thesis Advisor of the examining committee the justifications and Incoming students are expected to identify a thesis plans for his or her thesis work, including relevant advisor by the end of the first six months, and in no case literature, and his or her progress on the thesis work later than the end of the first year, of study in the program. to date. A student has only two chances to pass this Every incoming student is expected to become familiar section of the qualifying examination. If a student fails with the research work of a number of laboratories before this section for the first time, s/he may apply to the proposing a specific faculty member as the prospective curriculum committee for re-taking it as early as the thesis advisor. The process might involve attending a next time when it is offered. Students who fail the oral series of seminars on faculty research in the program, or section of the qualifying examination twice will be a series of laboratory rotations. The formal assignment of dismissed from the ESS Program. an identified faculty member as a thesis advisor requires the agreement of the faculty member to serve in such 8. Advancement to Candidacy a capacity and the final approval by the Curriculum A student who has passes both the oral and the written Committee. section of the qualifying exam advances to candidacy. He or she will devote full time to independent study and 4. Thesis advisory committee research on his or her thesis topic. A thesis advisory committee, composed of three(3) to five(5) members with ranks of assistant fellow/ professor 9. Publication and above, shall be formed by the thesis advisor with A Ph.D. candidate must have at least one manuscript inputfrom the student to guide the student and evaluate published or accepted for publication as the first author in a his/her doctoral dissertation research. The composition of SCI (Scientific Citation Index) listed journal, before s/he can the thesis advisory committee must be approved by the apply to the faculty committee to take the oral defense of Curriculum Committee. his/her thesis work before the members of an examination committee. 5. Study plan A student must submit a study plan before the end of 10. Thesis Defense the first year. A study plan must include a course plan, a This defense will take the form of a thesis seminar followed dissertation research theme, a proposed timeline of events by an oral examination on the thesis research. The toward the degree. The study plan must be approved by the examination committee is appointed by thecurriculum thesis advisory committee. Before the study plan is approved, committee and is consisted of at least five faculty members a student can not apply to take the Qualifying Exam. whose expertise is closely linked to the candidate’s area of research. The Ph.D. candidate’s thesis advisor may not chair 6. Annual progress report the examination committee. The annual progress report shall be made out by the thesis advisor and the thesis advisory committee. The Admission to the Ph.D. Program report shall be sent to ESS office before Aug. 20th of every The Program offers admissions for the fall semester only. The year.(The TIGP stipend will be renewed annually another deadline for application is March 31 every year. It is to the two years upon evidence of satisfactory progress towards advantage of the students to apply as early as possible. For the degree.) more information regarding admission to the Ph.D. program, 7. Qualifying Examination please visit TIGP website (http://tigp.sinica.edu.tw). Students are required to have successfully completed the Students with a B.S. or M.S. degree from an accredited qualifying examination and advanced to candidacy for institution will be considered for admission. The following the Ph.D. degree by the end of the third year of study in criteria/materials will be used to evaluate the applicant's the program. qualifications for admission: A. Written exam 1. Undergraduate and graduate academic records or transcripts. After completing at least one academic year of work 2. The General Test of the Graduate Record Examination (GRE): in the program, a student may apply to the curriculum General and Subject scores are optional but applicants committee to take the written section of the qualifying are strongly encouraged to provide it. Applicants, who examination with the approval of his or her thesis fail to submit GRE scores for evaluation, should provide advisor. A student has only two chances to pass this supplementary information (e.g. M.S. thesis, research section of the qualifying examination. If a student fails publication, description of research experiences, etc) that can the written section for the first time, s/he may apply demonstrate potential in research. to the curriculum committee for re-taking it as early 3. English proficiency: All applicants whose first language as the next time when it is offered. Students who fail is not English must submit the English test score, except the written section of the qualifying examination those applicants who have recently completed two or twice will be dismissed from the ESS Program. The more years of study in an English-speaking country. scope, questions, and grades of written exam will be (1) TOEFL: scores of 550 on the paper based (or 213 on the determined by the thesis advisory committee, based computer based or 79 on the New Internet-based TOEFL (TOEFL-iBT)) or higher; (Our institution CODE & NAME are: Living and Housing Costs 7142 Academia Sinica) Only ETS International TOEFL will be Options include on-campus housing and off-campus housing. accepted. Institutional TOEFL will not be accepted. On-campus self-catering student dormitory providing single (2) GEPT: Instead of TOEFL, applicants in Taiwan may take the study bedrooms is available to TIGP students at reasonable General English Proficiency Test (GEPT) administered by costs (for details please visit our website at http://www.tigp. the Language Training and Testing Center. Applicants are sinica.edu.tw/dorm.html).Off-campus private housing is required to submit their high-intermediate level certificate generally more expensive. Rents for off-campus apartments when applying for admissions; range from NT$5,000-15,000 per month. (3) IELTS (International English Language Test System): Scores Meals are available at modest costs at various eateries within of 5.5 or higher on the Academic Test is required. the campus of the Academia Sinica. 4. Three letters of recommendation commenting on the The Sport Center on campus, which is equipped with indoor applicant’s personal character, and qualifications for jogging track, gym, swimming pool, aerobic court, and so on, independent study, including intellectual ability, research is also available to students at modest costs. potential, and scientific motivation. 5. Statement of purpose (Plan and reason for graduate Correspondence and Information study) Application can be submitted through the on- For information concerning this program, line application system http://db1x.sinica.edu.tw/tigp/ please contact: (recommended) or by post. The submitted application Dr. Huang-Hsiung Hsu materials will not be returned to applicants under any ESS program coordinator circumstances. The complete application materials should Research Center for Environmental Changes be received by TIGP before March 31. 128 Academia Road Sec. 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan Student Status and Degree Conferral Policy E-mail: [email protected] Tel: 886-2-2787-1935 Degree candidates in the ESS program must be officially Fax: 886-2-2787-1924 registered students of the College of Earth Sciences of the National Central University. Students who enter the ESS Ms. Yuwen Chen program with a B.S. degree will enroll first as a pre-Ph. D. ESS Program Assistant student till they are approved to enroll in the Ph. D. program. Research Center for Environmental Changes Upon graduation, a student will be conferred a Ph. D. degree 128 Academia Road Sec. 2, and will receive a diploma from the National Central University Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan as well as a certificate from the Academia Sinica. E-mail: [email protected] Tel: 886-2-2653-9885#851 Cost of Study Fax: 886-2-2783-3584 Program Homepage: The payment of tuition fees (basic fees NT$16,200/US$540 + http://www.rcec.sinica.edu.tw/tigp-ess credit fees NT$15,700/US$524 per semester) for international students should be made on Student Registration Day. For general information concerning TIGP, please contact: Fellowship Support and Stipends Ms. Huan-Yi Shen The TIGP will provide full fellowship for all incoming graduate TIGP Administrative Assistant students during the first year of their enrollment at about Taiwan International Graduate Program NT$34,000 (about US$1,133) per month. The support will be Nankang, Taipei115, Taiwan extended for another two years upon evidence of satisfactory E-mail: [email protected] progress towards the degree. In subsequent years, the Tel: 886-2-2789-8050 financial support will be provided by the student’s thesis Fax: 886-2-2785-8944 advisor(s). The amount of the support will be at the discretion Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP) Homepage: of the advisor. http://tigp.sinica.edu.tw

9.7 Others Sea salt 16.5 0.9 Medical Insurance PM over Taiwan 2+ 2+ 10 252.5 EC ｛Ca ,Mg ｝ (2003-2007) 1.6 8.5 + 7.7 2.7 OM NH4 Six months after the student receives the Alien Resident 0.8 NO - 2- 272.7 3 nss-SO4 5.3 (Unit: μgm-3) 17.4 3.10.9 Certificate (ARC), the student will be qualified for Taiwan’s 10.5 22.1 4.5 4.2 6.6 9.8 20.6 5.7 National Health Insurance Program. The students are 8.2 3.2 18.2 1.4 13.1 2.6 expected to pay the same premium (about NT$749/US$25 0.9 7.4 2.6 3.3 1.1 5.6 11.1 1.9 4.0 1.2 6.4 per month)as all the Taiwan citizens and will be entitled to 1.6 242.4 19.9 606.0 9.9 11.0 the same medical coverage. The medical insurance will be 3.1 16.2 9.5 121.2 4.1 added in the tuition bill. 17.8 6.1 11.3 2.7 9.6 22.4

This program is sponsored by Research Center for Environmental Changes and Institute of Earth Sciences Academia Sinica in cooperation with College of Earth Sciences National Central University