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'i: 911 i" Virtual History An Intimate ALTERNATIVESAND COUNTERFACTUALS History of Killing EDITZBBY NIALL FERGUSON FACETO FACEKILLING IN 2OTHCENTURY WARFARE JOANNA BOORKE I~~~Bc~-:~i::: i::::;:: i:: i:: : - ;- :: : : - ;:i --- I'---a~E_ ~~:History des9~~1- I~by~eYeryhist0rian..,:!' team of historians~~ ~~fO'c~· venre asenes a~ "' IIIJLIIUIUe~~,mi*l·nlnml ce~ury:turningpeints.8 ~un~. -a·--PC~~n~·:nn~,,,l, : nsih, Tnlnnmnb ~~"l":"LUR""I:nl'uI rlr, Y,,, lli1~61L1~11 a or:nusslas:war - Duel The Sword and ALEXANDERHAMILTON, AARON BURR the Shield ANDTHE FUTUREOF AMERICA THE MITROKHINARCHIVE AND THOMASFLEMING THESECRET HISTORY OFTHE KGB CHRISTOPHER ANDREW AND VASILI MITROKHIN THOMAS FLEMINGI :::·j~:-~~ ---··-·-- ····-: ···~: ···~~-·I ~~~:·-·~·-· I c ~"~'` "e~ ,revea~lnD· andrelevant...it remindf~ men:~power;and P~~~ ~~Sed humanrl,;,:,~~~ --~~~~~mTade~lPilitrakhin·the KGB:asu,- ~P[aCe-I'~KennethT.Jacksonl·IU··`l:l~~ _ ~rjppe~~~ i~ Histbry:andSocial Sciencesl -I:~,=_S--L~lhP~~~k Review :=i:::- -VYIUI"U'PUIIIIIIIIV a ~A~IONA~BES~'ELLER~-~ 5~1n,ll ~a~p~~f~~ 1 I g ~ I a;~ ss1CI1I Igs 8 Some~p~o~l~ithink :Mexico City was the ii0ngestj Mmp!:)lI,ever,:'made.l BUtJ Ust i: gett ing Ithe~:~as toug her. As a kid, I Was~in:~::gang.·. in trouble With:the:law. ifnot ior a c~i:id~n·5:c0~iud9k Who saw more in:me:'-'who knew that when kids are supported by caring adults, they can learn from their mistakes - I could have landed in prison. He sent me to an alternative school where people helped me get on track. k The children's court gave me the chance to land on:my feet. Bob Beamon, OlympicGold Medalist, Long Jump, Mexico City, 1968 1100 \lears of tkae!Childlren's Couea GIVIRIB;KBDS AGHBNGE TOMAKE ..--i~ ToCourt find Centennialout more aboutCommunication the children's Proje~l: :: A BE~TEBBCHOIGIE /~: visit www.cjcj.9rg/centennial EDITOR’S COMMENT minent is not the first word a stranger would think to apply upon meet- ing the affable, inquisitive man who wrote this issue’s cover story. Here Eat the Wilson Center, Senior Scholar Seymour Martin Lipset can be found as deeply engaged in an impromptu hallway discussion as he is in one of the Center’s formal meetings or conferences. Over lunch, the talk may range from the high politics of France to revealing details of daily life in Japan to a morsel of intellectual gossip—and then to the theory of gossip. Before long, the stranger would recognize the overwhelming passion to know—to know everything—that helps account for Lipset’s extraordinary accomplishments: a shelf of influential books, innumerable articles, the presidency of both the American Political Science Association and the American Sociological Association, and many others. A schol- ar I know summed up his influence by saying that “he may be the most widely known and widely read social scientist in the world.” From the beginning of his career in the 1950s, Lipset has kept his eye on the big questions, and especially on one all-encompassing question: What are the underpinnings of democracy? Where other social scientists have searched for clues in abstract indicators and formulas, he has focused on values and culture. Combining the methods of his discipline with liberal doses of history, personal social observation, and a deep knowledge of other nations, he practices an unusu- ally humane variety of social science. In 1963, Lipset published one of his more influential books, The First New Nation, inquiring into the American experience for ideas that could serve as a guide for the other new nations then emerging from colonialism in Asia and Africa. Now, amid a fresh wave of democratic transformations, Lipset finds his presence and his views in perhaps more demand than ever. He has the pleasure of seeing a good number of his hopes and predictions fulfilled—and of asking, as he does in this issue, yet another big question: What next? Editor: Steven Lagerfeld The Wilson Quarterly (ISSN-0363-3276) is published in Deputy Editor: Missy Daniel January (Winter), April (Spring), July (Summer), and Managing Editor: James H. Carman October (Autumn) by the Woodrow Wilson International Senior Editor: Robert K. Landers Center for Scholars at One Woodrow Wilson Plaza, 1300 Literary Editor: Stephen Bates Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20004–3027. Editor-at-Large: Jay Tolson Complete article index now available online at Copy Editor: Vincent Ercolano http://wwics.si.edu/WQ/WEBIND.HTM. Subscriptions: Contributing Editors: Martha Bayles, one year, $24; two years, $43. Air mail outside U.S.: one year, Linda Colley, Denis Donoghue, Max Holland, $39; two years, $73. Single copies mailed upon request: $7; Stephen Miller, Jeffery Paine, Walter Reich, outside U.S. and possessions, $8; selected back issues: $7, Alan Ryan, Edward Tenner, Charles Townshend, including postage and handling; outside U.S., $8. Alan Wolfe, Bertram Wyatt-Brown Periodical postage paid at Washington, D.C., and additional mailing offices. All unsolicited manuscripts should be Assistant Editor: Justine A. Kwiatkowski accompanied by a self-addressed stamped envelope. Researcher: Jennifer A. Dowdell Members: Send changes of address and all subscription corre- Librarian: Zdenek˘ V. David spondence with Wilson Quarterly mailing label to Editorial Advisers: K. Anthony Appiah, Subscriber Service, The Wilson Quarterly, P.O. Box 420406, Robert Darnton, Nathan Glazer, Harry Harding, Palm Coast, FL 32142–0406. (Subscriber hot line: Robert Hathaway, Elizabeth Johns, 1-800-829-5108.) Postmaster: Send all address changes to Michael Lacey, Jackson Lears, The Wilson Quarterly, P.O. Box 420406, Palm Coast, Seymour Martin Lipset, Robert Litwak, FL 32142–0406. Microfilm copies are available from Wilfred M. McClay, Richard Rorty, Bell & Howell Information and Learning, 300 North Zeeb Blair Ruble, Martin Sletzinger, Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106. U.S. newsstand distribution S. Frederick Starr, Joseph Tulchin by Eastern News Distributors, Inc., 2020 Superior Street, Founding Editor: Peter Braestrup (1929–1997) Sandusky, Ohio 44870 (for information, call 1-800-221-3148). Publisher: Kathy Read Advertising: Hank Arizmendi, Tel.: (800) 801-8558), Fax: Business Manager: Suzanne Napper (954) 730-8404. Publisher/Mail Order: Kalish, Quigley & Circulation: Cary Zel, ProCirc, Miami, Fla. Rosen, Tel.: (212) 399-9500, Fax: (212) 265-0986. 2 WQ Winter 2000 WINTER 2000 THE WILSON QUARTERLY Published by the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars WQ Online: http://wwics.si.edu/WQ 31 STILL THE EXCEPTIONAL NATION? by Seymour Martin Lipset The Third Way represents the triumph of American-style democratic capitalism in Europe. Does America still hold a monopoly on the qualities that made it unique? 60 A TALE OF TWO PRESIDENTS by Michael R. Beschloss How Eisenhower and Kennedy wielded—and failed to wield—the power of their office 16 THE SELLING OF THE KGB by Amy Knight What’s behind the wave of sensational revelations about Cold War espionage? 24 THE WORLD IN PIECES by Michael Ignatieff The moral force of documentary photography 26 HINDSIGHT INTO THE FUTURE by Anders Henrikssen World history as one long malapropism, in the words of today’s college students 46 THE SECOND FALL OF ROME by Michael Lind Ancient Rome’s long reign over the Western imagination ended in the 19th century with the elevation of the Greeks—an error we should reverse, the author says. DEPARTMENTS 2 EDITOR’S COMMENT 4 CORRESPONDENCE 10 FINDINGS Toward the Year 3000 • Aristocratic Airs • Words to Live By 71 PERIODICALS A New Science of Politics? Sex and the Women’s Magazine 99 RESEARCH REPORTS 101 WILSON CENTER DIGEST 103 BOOKS Evolution’s Hidden Purpose, by Francis Fukuyama The Peripatetic Pope, by James Morris The Quest for Quarks, by Gregg Easterbrook Q 128 FROM THE CENTER W cover Detail from Unveiling of the Statue of Liberty (1886), by Edward Moran, © Museum of the City of New York/Corbis. Design by Adrianne Onderdonk Dudden. The views expressed herein are not necessarily those of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. USPS 346-670 Volume XXIV Number 1 Printed in the U.S.A. CORRESPONDENCE Letters may be mailed to One Woodrow Wilson Plaza, 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20004–3027, or sent via facsimile, to (202) 691-4036, or e-mail, to [email protected]. The writer’s telephone number and postal address should be included. For reasons of space, letters are usually edited for publication. Some letters are received in response to the editors’ requests for comment. Searching for School Solutions which end we need high standards, good After 30 years in the education field, I’ve tests, and honest external audits). Still, concluded that nearly all policy issues can be Loveless is right to point out that too many of distilled to this: whom do you trust to do right today’s parents have themselves become part by kids? In the United States, there are five pos- of the education problem. sible answers (and, of course, various combina- So whom to trust? As in arms control, tions): (1) the children’s parents, (2) teachers “trust but verify” is probably the best maxim. and other educators in individual schools, No one level of the K-12 enterprise has (3) local school systems, (4) state policymakers, earned blind trust or unmitigated confi- and (5) federal policymakers. Liberals, for the dence. I tend to trust parents, provided they most part, opt for (2) and (5), and sometimes have power and good information; individ- (3), depending on who holds office in their ual schools, so long as they have autonomy states. Conservatives, for the most part, favor and nobody is forced to attend them; and (1) and sometimes (3), again depending on states, so long as their governors and legisla- who is making policy in their state.
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