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Indian Lac Institute) Namkum, - 834 010 () ffitu ANNUAL REPORT 2008-2009

qrffiq qr{fnfi rtt qe.fiE uierr{ qrqiry, d-ff - 834 o1o (uners) INDIAN INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESINS AND GUMS (Formerly Indian Lac Research Institute) Namkum, Ranchi -834 010 (Jharkhand) ISSN: 0974-2999

Published by ICA Dr Bangali Baboo Director O @ Indian Institute of Natural Resins and Gums O O (Jharkhand) c..t Namkum, Ranchi - 834 010 Compiled and Edited by o cc DrJPSingh,Chairman Shri SKS Yadav, c Member C Shri Anees K, Member Dr Anjesh Kumar, Member Design and Layout Dr J P Singh Translation Dr. Anjesh Kumar Technical Assistance Shd AK Sahay Shri Sunil Kumar Photographs Shri R P Srivastava Computer Processing Shd SK Yadav Correct Citation IINRG Ann. Rep. 2008-09 Indian Institute of Natural Resins and Gums Namkum, Ranchi - 834 010 (Jharkhand)

Front Cover: Gum arabic, Gum karaya, Rosin, Sticklac c/) Pine tree, Guggul plant, Guar plant - Application areas of natural resins and gums C5 -o c Back Cover: cct) Administrative buildins of the Institute ' Cr) ar Note: ctr No portion of this publication can be reproduced without P= prior permission of the Director, except in quoting for = scientific references. O cl) P The reference to some trade names in this report is in no .=.= an endorsement -ct) way of or discrimination against these C. products by the Institute. C. -o.co C Printed at

Annapurna Press and Process Indian Institute of Natural Resins and Gums Opp. Big Bazar,5, Road, Ranchi Main Namkum, Ranchi - 834 010, Jharkhand, Phone : 065 | -233 18001233087 5 Phone: 91 -651 -2260117, 2261 1 56 {Director) E-mail : appranchi. 1969@ gmail.com Website: www. icar. oro.in/ilri annapurnapressandprocess @ yahoo.co.in CO TTtrNTTS

Preface Oa\ tFrq?FRt IlRtPt i Executive Summarv vii Introduction 1 Research Accomplishments 1. Lac Production 5-28 l.l Insect Improvement 5-9 1.1.1 Collection, conservation , characterrzation and documentation of lac insect bio-diversity I.I.2 Field evaluation of promising lac insect races, lines and breeds for higher productivity and superior performance 1.2 Host Improvement 10-15 1.2.I Collection, conservation , characterrzation and documentation of lac host bio-diversity. I.2.2 Host plant evaluation and improvement for lac productivity and summer sustainability. 1.2.3 Clonal propagation of Schleichera oleosa (kusum), a major lac host plant through tissue culture 1.3 Crop Production 15-28 1.3.1 Studies onin-situ moisture conservation techniques for raising mixed plantation of ber and kusum I.3.2 Development of kusmi lac cultivation technology on Albizia procera I.3.3 Collection, identification and assessment of the diseases of commercial lac hosts 1.3.4 Management of sooty mould, causing lac insect death and failure of lac crop 1.3.5 Soil fertility management of ber (2. mauritiana) for shoot growth and lac yield (aghani) 1.3.6 Production of quality kusmi broodlac at Institute Research Farm 1.3.7 Evaluation of potential herbicides for weed managementin semialata and ber plantation 1.3.8 Development of lac production system using high density ber plantation under semi protected conditions 1.3.9 Lac Integrated Farming System 2. Processing and Product Development 29-40 2.1 Synthesis and Prodact Development 29-30 2.1.I Synthesis of thiosemicarbazide and thiodiazole from aleuritic acid and testing its activity as antifungal / hypoglycemic / antinemic 2.1.2 Comparative evaluation of physico-chemical, anti-inflammatory and hypolipidemic properties of oleo gum resins from Boswellia serrata, Commiphora mukul and Commiphora wightii 2.1.3 Synthesis of hydrogel from gum acacia and gum knraya for their comparative evaluation in drug release 2.1.4 Screening of bioactive compound synthesized from aleuritic acid 2.2 Surface Coating and Use Diversification 30-36 2.2.1 Development of surface coating formulation based on shellac synthetic resin/polymer blends 2.2.2 Documentation and charactenzation of physico-chemical properties of plant based gums of commercial importance 2.2.3 Preparation and market evaluation of heat and water proof shellac varnishes for wooden surfaces and air drying type shellac based glazing varnishes 2.2.4 Comparative performance of water soluble lac varnishes and their keeping quality by using different alkalies 2.3 Processing and Storage 36-40 2.3.I Establishment of commercially viable pilot plant for preparing pure/food grade lac dye 2.3.2 Storage loss assessment for lac and lac based products 2.3.3 Establishment of commercially viable plant of aleuritic acid for training, demonstration and process refinement 2.3.4 Design and development of seedlac dryer 2.3.5 Establishment of pilot plant for dewaxed bleached lac (40 kg capacity) for training, demonstration and process refi nement 3. Transfer of Technology 4I-63 3.1 Human Resource Development 4I-55 3.1.1 Training, demonstration, extension education and information service on lac culture, processing and product development 3.1.2 Enhancing livelihood options for poor tribal families of the Jharkhand state through capacity building in cultivation of lac and its value addition ( JLDS) 3.1.3 Skill development and capacity building in lac culture through training and demonstration in Gujrat. (Gujarat Govt. Project) 3.I.4 Developing sustainable farming system models for prioritized micro water shed in rainfed area in Jharkhand under component 3: sustainable rural livelihood security (SRLS) of National Agricultural Innovation Proj ect (NAIP) 3.1.5 Improving rural livelihood security through sustainable integrated farming system model ' and allied enterprises in Bastar region of Chhattisgarh (NAIP) 3.2 Technology Assessment, Refi,nement and Disseminatinn 55-58 3.2.I Evaluation of some newer insecticides and bio-pesticides for eco-friendly management of insect pests associated with lac insect and host plants

3.3 Liaison, Information and Advisory Service 58-63 3.3.1 Informatics on lac production, marketing and processing 3.3.2 Strengthening, liaison, information and advisory services on natural resins and gums 4. Approved on-going Research Projects 64-65 J. Publications and Publicity 66-75 6. Participation of Scientists in Conferences, Meetings, Seminars, Symposia, Workshops, Trainings etc. 76-79 7. Events 80-84 8. Meetings of Important Committees 85-87 9. Distinguished Visitors 88-90 10. Support Services 9l-95 10.1 Institute Research Farm (IRF) 10.2 Quality Evaluation Laboratory 10.3 Research Management Unit lO.4 Library and Documentation Centre 10.5 Estate Section 10.6 Health Care 10.7 Agrometeorology

11. F{slr{ {tstsTlrlT u?srE qr rrffirqt 96-100 12. Personnel 101-103 Preface

At a time when agriculture sector in India is passing through a dfficult phase and impact of global recession is seen everywhere all over the world, the Institute in devoting greater attention to the goal of achieving and ensuring livelihood security for the country's poorer section of the society particularly forest and sub-forest dwellers by contributing to higher lac production, productivity and value addition of natural resins and gums. In the process, the protection of environment and natural resources also received due attention. The year 2008- 09 was historical for expanding the network of the Institute by taking some new initiatives. As in the past, the Institute continued to provide emphasis on building the desired human resource through various training programmes. The infrastructure development and resource generation of the Institute was commendable. The annual report presents a glimpse of the various activities, research efforts and accomplishments of the Institute.

I-ac Production

More than 1000 lac cultures of 65 lines of lac insect which include 14 cultivated, 28 natural population, 22 crossbred / inbred / selected, one exotic and six uncoded lines are being maintained live in the Field Gene Bank of National Lac Insect Germplasm Center (NATLIGEC) of the Institute on potted plants of Flemingia macrophylla. Twelve collections were added to field gene bank during the year to the existing 67 collections. A collection of wild population of Flemingia macrophylla from Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh has been registered (IC No.-558405 from Zone No.9) at NBPGR, New . Genetic diversity of thirty-five collections of Ziziphus spp. including 26 fruit varieties, 6 ge.ographic collections of Z. mauritiana as lac host and three dffirent species (2. rotundifuila, Z. nummularia and Z. xylopyra) were characterized through RAPD technique. Thirty combinations of cytokinins and auxins were tried for in vitro axillary bud initiation in kusum. Two treatment combinations consisting of (i) BAP (1.0 mg/l) + NAA (0.05 mg/l) and (ii) BAP (1.0 mgfl) + Silver nitrate (1.0 mg/l) produced highest axillary bud break after 2l days. A Lac- Integrated Farming System (LIFS) has been laid out in IRF on about 1.7 hn of land, which contains about 1.0 ha upland (tanr) and about 0.7 ha low / medium land (doan).

The cropping systems have been chosen in the light of existing farmer's practices and interests as well as recommended varieties / technologies.

Processing and Product Development

The bio-active compounds thiosemicarbazide and its derivative 4-ethylphenyl thioseicarbazide, 4-bromophenyl thiosemicarbazide and thiadiazole were synthesiryd from aleuritic acid for their evaluation as antifungal and antidiabetic activities. Gum acacia and gum karaya were purified and recrystalliled for their modification and preparation of hydrogel to be used in slow drug release system. Shellac based dental plates have been prepared and got tested from a private firm in Delhi and the quality has been assessed as very good. The firm has expressed its desire for purchasing the technology of dental plate. A centrifugal drier of 10 kg/batch capacity has been designed, fabricated and testedfor its suitability to fit in the package of machines of small scale lac processing unit (100 kg/day). The drier was able to bring down moisture content from 35Vo to l0%o in 2 minutes at 570 rpm drum speed. Aleuritic acid (technical grade) was successfully produced in the pilot plant with a yield of approximntely 19 Vo of the weight of seedlac. The melting point and acid value of aleuritic acid was found to be 92-93"C and 178.6, respectively and it's purity was around 96.57o (based on acid value)'.

Transfer of Technology

Immense training programmes organized on and off campus for the farmers, housewives, extension cadre, NGO staff, students, entrepreneurs etc and more than ten thousand persons besides many more through orientation programmes from Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat and Maharashtra states have been benefited under the various training activities conducted by the Institute. Ten lac based product technologies were transferred to entrepreneurs from , , Sikohabad, Raipur and Wardha. An exhaustive survey was carried out on lac production, marketing and processing by evolving seporate schedules / questionnaires for collection of lac related information and data. The estimnted national production of sticklac during 2008-09 was approximately 17,175 tons and 27,110 tons of sticklac were processed during 2007-08, which also included the amount of imported lac in India. The total export of lac and its value added products during the year 2007-08 was 7,906.33 tons valued Rs.124.27 crores. The total import of dffirent kind of lac during the year 2007-08 was 5797 tons valued Rs.34.62 crores. For the management of two key lepidopteran lac insect predators viz., Eublemma amabilis and Pseudohypatopa pulverea and neuropteran predator, Chrysopa spp on lac crop, some IPM based newer chemical insecticides and Bt formulations of indigenous origin have been identified as promising pesticides which are safe to lac insect and found effective in reducing the incidence of lac insect predators. Linkages have been established with the several Government and Non-Goverrtmental Organizations in the states of

Jharkhand, West Bengal, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa and Chhattisgarh. I nfrastruc ture D ev elopment

Pilot plant for preparation of pure lac dye has been completed and a pilot plant of bleached lac of 40 kg/batch capacity has been installed. Construction of new scooter shed infactory campr,rs, enhancement of the height of the boundary wall, foundation stone pillar and deep bore weII in factory campus were carried out. Organic chemistry laboratory No. 2, Estate section, some staff quarters were renoyated. Upgradation of internet cbnnectivity to 512 kbps from ERNET India was initiated.

I would like to express my gratitude to Dr Mangala Rai, Director General ICAR & Secretary, Department of Agricultural Research and Education, Dr Nawab Ali, DDG (Engg) and Dr Pitam Chandra, ADG ( PE) for their guidance and support. I am also thanffil to the Chairman and members of various committees for their efforts in reviewing and suggesting new initiatives in research and their monitoring, evaluation and refinement. The cooperation extended by the scientific, technical, administrative and supporting staff of the Institute for all that Institute was able to achieve during the year is duly acknowledged.

bn-p^U lo"h* August,2009 (Bangali Baboo) Namkum. Ranchi Dircetor The Mandate of the Indian Institute of lt{atural Resins and Gums

To plan, conduct and promote researches on lac production technologies. To conduct basic and applied researches on processing natural resins (including lac), natural gums and gum- resins for farmers and industries.

To develop value added products of commercial use from natural resins, gums and gum-resins, leading to pilot plant demonstration. To act as repository and provider of information on lac production and processing, product development, utilization of all natural resins, gums and gum-resins. To transfer the technologies to farmers, entrepreneurs and processors. qqf qRqr-n+) 1_ ote guru it 4-g i gq t are ote qq I gff vr-< q-tqT d u, fudl d gi gv f+f derfiq \rf, Gil-g d ogr w eng d oza m-qsl, zs gci 6.7 erlq-6 fi-5-+als if anq otc a1 sqtrekTT gq drq a1 t t q|IIt r|-IIt dfr et RaTfr flr rrflT d.ft-i d fug qd I fu-qr rqr I drcr etc of oTm-fr gq-ilqr grnfdqT (qtr4q d-n-d) ffi + sic,rET fiqa (wn-os tfutufqT), n{ (ffiF-s sE qt (vT sq o-sfi-{) ffi d €i-q1r rii{Ifunnr), q-€{ (qF qffi) \rq d d {.n-fr qps 6Te ffi or qqi rR rn-qT .rql rrqr Tr-ft-{r ttffi+ff t €wrn d 4-g fr it d d'r) w 5-dt-fi-{ fu-qr r qtd fu-c fi{ t.o. d T@ro-{ G qs sqrq r4udi t zo (gla-il) vq re (ere-tt) d ftd GTrrxt t anq ote or rir6 fuqr d ftiqr-sqrE d ergq6 t cgo eiar qtw rrqr rrfl t €qern d qt$q anq otE q+q freq-d[s fu-qr l Eqd-q(s{q0wer€*sOd qrrE 4-g of q-sa d fuq tft-qmdT q .F-d q qann* fuc d-{ n'o- an Tq +{ w qiq q-sft ans oTe do- +#)v-rqdr rN 14 qR s-+, ze qrqfuo gsfr ffi sFrrer, gsft fi-f,r, e-sfr 3il-{rfr, zo *io-q quil-d slTI:g\'TTeI 4qfuf,, | fu{ffi qukr cTsrt e.d-drtr \'q r]-fl-S6 go fuiqrq T{ E: t{ Hfrard€ ?iqmq ;TTrftF q) silleo TFT o-I fi-q qS ilo tiil-q-fr rft wto os d r ooo t -qrqr dls Tdr-fi-{ fuut rRrT I qs' tfuqraar d qsrq qror ffi o-r r€r fo-fl t t 6q q+qfr-F.-{{ft fr qRr@ iti qrf,r qRuTrq ffi, qtu y-t{ t q.gq 1'E i{ w *i eqfr cilrrkT d-o ol iaaq w qrfr Trftfr o1 oEe o-r fifi qo \ti q-Efu +{ d fuq qrd

qfrPrf, qsuefterot .r$ roo fu-. ut qwfr frs+crs s-fl-{ fu-fl t ote td t q)*T g-*flr wqefr B-q-ql fuq GTlcirqtb. qq qS qqrqf,+o d E: Gil-$ fr s-jqTfud qq q-dFififl offi Agr.srgHftr{, effiTtl*{, sETr6 fi frS I €frqrnar q{ dfcr e1 dfr d fr\ fu, qrtrT o\ E-d-wrord wrE-+Ss vq sTtcPq-.F q"Tr6 frd W I ETrEI tq6 \'q frtfrF-d d qpr Gr-JsTfu-d geifrq fr-w anq eilETrRd qrffif at q-qtra o\ qarqr q{ drrrg -lq qqi E-E (o-d-ft1) i-flt * qqsld fr qqtulm d ftq cft sil-{s{6 d R-.ftft anq of TDTTET rf{ dfcr fid ot eEtr6 q.R-4q q-lra gYHT dqT ans qErf*lqJ w ftwgar r{de ftd W | fl-{qs, G v$ql vr-qf g frft-q qRqrdo. dtfi w ft Tdt-m-{ fu-ql rrql i@f*q o-i q-sdt qfq qftqpa6', E-i€-qx srrfr u' offi oT v4 frq ans of at T$ 6en rDqET, ans ote o1 g-qflr a1 EE il:To-$-q \'q R)rrt d s-qqq d ftq qq rTRrT qqr vq drr-flR Wi rn-rrd q qgfu silclTrtF \qci|6 fr$ t qfrerq i ans ote .rqqefr o1 sqRaft o) $tem d eTFder t g'9 ,TfrhM t ii o-q o-Ei $il-fr {6r t rititrd q-d{reTi d q-sn d ftrq frd Gil-r 9. qqd, qr{r t'q q-{rqsf fu 3i+.fr d s*erTq t o-i ffid gq dEef qcFrsFr q-oftlfl qq frd I I rISq K{ qt anq d qrrD-o. q{fl \ri 1. Insect Improvement Tw o r angeenilac insectlines, one from Jhalda of Purulia district, West Bengal and another I A survey ofselected areas in six districts of from Akhnoor of Jammu district (J&K) Eastern Uttar Pradesh were undertaken to were evaluated on ber plants during rainy know the availability of lac insects and status season. A very good input-output broodlac of lac cultivation. Lac insect populations ratio of 20 (Jhaldah) and 18 (Akhnoor) was were observed mainly on pipal (Ficus obtained from both the collections. religiosa), ber (Ziziphus mauritiana), pakur Five kusmi lac insect stocks viz., kusmi (F luscence) and Putranjiva roxburghii. crimson early, kusml yellow, kusmi crimson Lac insects were collected from Agra for late and two productive breeds namely maintenance and evaluation at the Field Kulajanga and Nawadih were evaluated Gene Bank of the Institute. More than 1000 for three years on semialata and ber fot lac cultures of 65 lines of lac insect which production of winter crop. For F. semialata,

include 1 4 cultivate d, 28 natural populations, kusmi early stock, which matures in January 22 cross bred / inbred / selected, one exotic - February performs better. While for ber, and six uncoded lines are being maintained performanc e of ku s mi late stocks (rKz I aj ang a, live in the Field Gene Bank of National Lac Na,vadih, kusmi yellow and kusmi crimson Insect Germplasm Center (NATLIGEC) of late) which mature in March - April were the Institute on potted plants of Flemingia found more suitable. macrophylla. 2. Host Improvement r d recombinant lac insect population from I A survey was undertaken in two districts Bankhedi showing rangeeni type life cycle each of West Bengal, Jharkhand, Madhya pattern and kusmi type resin production with Pradesh and in one district of Rajasthan collection plants. TWenty- good survival on kusum and ber host plants for of lac host two new collections were made from West has been collected from Bankhedi, Madhya Bengal, Jharkhand, Gujarat and Rajasthan Pradesh for further evaluation . belonging to six families and some high . Twonewpotentialplanthostsviz.,Calliandra yielding plants of kusum, ber and Ficas have calothyrsus and Dalbergia assamica (: also been recorded. A new field plot of 0.25 szemaoensis) have been identified for two ha has been developed for strengthening lines of Kenia chinensis. Brood yield ratios the field gene bank of lac hosts at the IRF. of 25 and 6.7 were obtained during rainy Twelve new collections to the existing season on these hosts with lac insect lines 67 collections were added to field gene LIK031 and LIK023, respectively on one bank during the year. A collection of wild plant under field conditions of Institute population of Flemingia macrophylla from Research Farm. Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh has been registered (IC No.-558405 from Zone No.9) superiority over other four treatments tried atNBPGR, New Delhi. in terms of moisture conservation and consequently vegetative growth the ber Genetic diversity of 35 collections of Ziziphus of plants. spp. including26 fruit varieties, 6 geographic The maximum harvested biomass of collections of Z. mauritiana as lac host ber was recorded under mulching Q2.9 il and three different species (2. rotundifuila, ha) and the lowest in control (12.3 qlha) Z. nummularia and Z. xylopyra) were with an increase of 86.1%. All the ber plants charactertzed through RAPD technique. Out were pruned uniformly at 1.25 m height from oftwenty RAPD primers screened, 11 primers the ground level maintaining a single stem were found satisfactory for characterization during mid February. Plant height recorded of kusum and 12 for palas accessions through seven months after pruning under mulching RAPD. condition showed an increase of 51.9 cm (17 .6 over control. increase of 31.5% The height of Flemingia semialata selected %) An for summer lac sustainability ranged between in absolute growth of basal girth was also 88 cm to 205 cm with a mean of 146.45 + recorded in mulching as against 23.9Yo rn 26.5, whereas those in control varied from control. l2l to 170 with a mean of 129.22 + 26.7. Three commercial lac hosts palas, ber and The number of tillers per plant in selected kusum and one potential host Flemingia progenies varied ftom 2 to 14 with a mean semialata were surveyed for the occurrence of 6.9 + 2.6 whereas that in control varied of diseases. The major diseases recorded on from 3 to 10 with a mean of 5.1 + 2.5. Plants p al as w ere: leaf spots caused byXa nthomonas will be ready for raising summer season and - powdery kusmi lac crop from next year. Twenty-five butae Phomopsis butae; on ber mildew Erysiphe zizyphi ber plants including one high yielding plant caused by and sooty in Putidih were screened out on the basis mould caused by Cladosporium zizyphi. 'their of winter season kusmi lac yield and Very low incidence of powdery mildew was distinct plant characteristics for evaluation observed on kusum at IRF and stem canker after clonal multiplication. These plants were caused by Botryosphaeria sp was recorded characlerized on the basis of their habit. shoot with moderate intensity on semialata. and leaf parameters. Eight fungicide formulations were evaluated Thirty combinations of cytokinins and auxins for management of sooty mould in summer were tried for in vitro axlllary bud initiation crop on kusum and winter crop on ber. in kusum. Two treatment combinations Carbendazim (0.2gll) and hexaconazole (2.5 consisting of (i) BAP (1.0 mg/l) + NAA (0.05 ml/lt) showed increased yield (brood I yield mg/l) and (ii) BAP (1.0 mg/l) + Silver nitrate ratio) of 2. 5 9 and 3 .66,respectively in summer ( 1 .0 mg/l) produced highest axillary bud break crop on kusum. Hexaconazole was the most after 2I days. The mean number of axillary effective fungicide in reducing the sooty bud break observed was 5.0+1 for both the mould growth in winter crop on ber. Results above treatments. The proliferated axillary indicate that visit of ants to lac encrustation buds were further sub-cultured on MS media resulted in statistically significant reduction with or without different PGR combinations, in sooty mould growth with and without which resulted into foliage drops leading to application of fungicide on the winter crop death of almost all the explants. The problem raised onber. was tackled by sub-culturing of freshly Chlorophyll Content Index (CCD was proliferated axillary buds on white filter paper significantly affected due to liming in the bridge soaked in liquid MS media. month of August. An increase in CCI values 3. Crop Production to the tune of l8.lyo was observed in treated I Mulching and half moon terracinglhalf trees as compared to untreated. Nitrogen basin ring, in particular, showed significant applicationat 100 g tree significantlyreduced initial lac insect mortality by 5% as compared Rice (transplanted and upland); Maize, Ragi to control. Potassium application significantly and Tuber crop (kharifl;Niger, Barley and B. increased male proportion (2Yo), which may Gram (rabi); Vegetables (zaid); Fruit trees: be related to increased succulence. Aonla, guava and citrus/papaya; Lac: Ber, Five herbicides were evaluated for weed Palas, Kusum and F. semialata; Fisheries: managemen t in s emi al at a and b er plantations. short-term, during monsoon. For lac- Glyphosate was found to be superior to all the horticulture integration, lac host plants were tested herbicides with 80.51o/o and 77.54% introduced in the inter spaces of fruit trees, in weed control efficiency (WCE) at pre and a compatible mode. An area of 2500 sq. m. post planting of F. semialafa, respectively was taken for this pulpose and the fiuit trees and similar results were also obtained in ber and the lac hosts have been raised. plantation. Application of herbicides in one- year-old F. semialata plantation, resulted in 4. Synthesis and Product Development: 2.56-18.38% mortality of the host plants. The I The bio-active compounds thiosem icarbazide highest host plant mortality was observed with and its derivative 4-ethylphenyl glyphosate / atrazine treatment and least with thiosemicarb azrde, 4-bromophenyl weed free untreated, whereas 3.84% under thiosemicarbazide and thiadrazole were unweeded condition. The study on microbial synthesized population in lac host plants rhizosphere from aleuritic acid, the major indicated that all the herbicides had a component acid of lac, following the depressive effect on the fungal population sequential reaction steps which would be within 5 days of herbicide application and evaluated for their antifunsal and antidiabatic there was a population build-up thereafter. actrvrtles. The highest depression of fungal population Extraction of exudates of Boswellia serrata at 5 DAS was recorded with glyphosate obtained from Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh and (0.5x10{/g oven dry soil). C ommiphora mukul from Anj ar, Guj arat with Effect of herbicides (pre and post inoculation) polar organic solvent (ethyl acetate) yielded on mortality of kusmi lac insect was studied 66Yo resin. It was a light brown coloured on winter season (aghani) kusmi lac crop powder, soluble in alcohol. The product has raised on Flemingia semialata. Lowest melting point 108-1100C, moisture per cent lac insect mortality was recorded with a/) 0.7, ash per cent 0.42 and acid value 52.82. gluJbsinate (9.77%) followed by glyphosate = L9 (ll.l4%) while in control 11.79% mortality Gtm acacia and gum karaya were purified -E was observed which were statistically at par and recrystallized for their modification and = c/) c with each other. Study on weed flora of five preparation of hydrogel, to be used slow ' in at) lac host plantations (ber, palas, kusum, bhalia drug release system. o) and semialata) were also carried out during CD rainy season and weeds were identified, 5. Surface Coating and Use CO= categorized and their relative frequency was Diversification =. determined. O Shellac was blended with rosin at melt cl) A Lac- Integrated Farming System (LIFS) temperature and their physico-chemical .== has been laid out in a suitable area of IRF. properties were studied. It was observed that c(./) About 7.7 ha of land has been earmarked, flow (fluidity) and life under heat of blended which contains about 1.0 ha upland (tanr) compositions sheilac and rosin increased to and about 0.7 ha low/medium land (doan). about 65Yo and 715%o respectively to that of The cropping systems have been chosen in pure shellac. Over a period of four months, the light of existing farmers' practices and flow of shellac (pure) was decreasedby l7%o interests as well as recommended varieties/ while 260/o decrease was observed in case of technologies. Food crops and vegetables: shellac : rosin (70 : 30) blend. Shellac based dental plates have been stored under cold storage and inside gunny prepared and tested by a private firm in Delhi. bags (with cotton lining) were found slightly The quality has been assessed as very good. higher than other samples after one year of ICAR Study on quality during storage is under storage. o) progress. The firm has expressed its desire for - Aleuritic acid (technical grade) was O purchasing of technology. O c{ successfully produced in the pilot plant of Water soluble lac varnishes were prepared o aleuritic acid with a yield of approximately a (D using ammonia, morpholine, triethanolamine 19 % of the weight of seedlac. The melting (E and borax and treated with urea as weli as point and acid value of aleuritic acid was = thio-urea. Addition of urea or thio-urea (3% = on the wt. of shellac) was found to improve found tobe 92-93"C and 178.6, respectively the film properties of all the varnishes except and it's purity was around 96.5% (based on borax based. acid value) Preliminary measurements indicated that the Pilot plant for preparation of pure lac dye adhesive properties of karaya gum and gum has been completed and a trial run of the ghatti were better as compared to babul gum, pilot plant has been carried out taking 200 kg khair gum, tamarind gum and salai gum (gum kusmi sticklac and 430g of technical grade lac component of oleo-gum-resin). Also karaya dye (0.21% on the wt. of sticklac). The dye gum at 65% R.H. showed comparatively is soluble in Dimethyl formamide (DMF). Its high moisture content and loss on drying. ash content is 0.S7%;volatile matter at 1300C Wide angle x-ray diffractograms of the gums is 11.37o/o; dye content is 87o/o, solubility in showed halos around20-400 indicating their water at 350C is 0.13gl100g water; melting amorphous structure. The dielectric strength point 2380C with charring and absorption (breakdown voltage) values of the gums were maxima is at29l.2 and 489 nm in water. lower than that of shellac. HRD for Capacity building in Lac 6. Processing and Storage production, Processing and Value

I A centrifugal drier of 10 kg/batch capacity has addition been designed and fabricated and tested for The Institute conducted regular training its suitability to fit in the package of machines programmes for the farmers and the v) E of Small Scale Lac Processing Unit (100 kgi housewives, one day orientation programme, C-5= day). The drier was able to bring moisture on-farm training, field educational and in 2 minutes at 570 C. content from35o/oto ljYo motivational training, trainet's training and c/) rpm drum speed. field level demonstrations. Over ten thousand C. Ar persons have been benefited under the various cL) Quality parameters of sticklac, seedlac and E shellac samples stored under different methods training activities conducted by the Institute. and conditions were evaluated during storage cources on Scientific lac P= Thirfy two training co year. Results indicated that in case up to one production, processing and uses of one week ts=. alcohol insolubles of sticklac, hot and cold duration were organized for 1186 farmers, CD were higher in samples stored in plastic bags P extension cadre and NGO staff of Jharkhand, ,=::l and on earthen floor. Very little difference P Chhattisgarh, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, West ct) in the value of flow was observed between = Bengal, Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra. G different methods of storage. Better life and .9 -o colour were observed in sticklac stored on Five educational programmes for B.Sc. C earthen floor. Seedlac stored on cemented (Ag) sfudents and two trainer's training floor retained maximum properties after one programmes for Ag Extension Officers on year of storage. Storage in metal container Scientific lac production, processing and uses resulted in maximum loss in properties. of one week duration were orsanized for 130 In case of shellac, flow and life of samples beneficiaries. Ten lac based product technology were the insect on residual film of insecticides. transferred to entrepreneurs from Mumbai, Direct application of lambdacyhalothrin Kolkata, Sikohabad, Raipur and Wardha. (0.005 and 0.008%), alphamethrin (0.005 and 0.01%), indoxacarb (0.02%), carbosulfan Fifty three On-farm training camps, 45 On- o (0.03%), spinosad (0.01 and 0.020 ), O @ farm motivational / supplementary camps, fipronil (0.005 and 0.01%) and ethofenprox o 14 In-campus orientation programmes were (0.02%) exerted cent per cent mortality of G.J conducted for the farmers and housewives o C. lacciperda within 24 hrs of treatment. (D Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Orissa, Madhya cc of Carbosulfan and spinosad were found to c c= Pradesh, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh and be equally effective as direct application C Maharashtra. and exposure on residual film of insecticides. Under the scheme of enhancing livelihood For the management of pentatomid bug options for tribal families of the Jharkhand, Tessaratoma javanica - a pest of kusum ttee, one-week training has been conducted in laboratory bioassay was carried out to evaluate one batch for 9 extension cadres sponsored eight insecticides by topical application of by different NGOs and 22 on-farm trainings insecticides. Application of carbosulfan (0.02 have been organised for 1995 beneficiaries. and 0.03Yo), indoxacarb (0.01 and 0.02oh), A field demonstration for winter kusmi lac spinosad (0. 0I and}.02Yo), lambdacyhalothrin cultivation was arranged on 1200 semialata (0.005 and 0.008%), alphamethrin (0.005 plants in Kharsidag village, in collaboration and 0.01%) and endosulfan (0.05%) were with NGO (SEEDS). Field demonstrations found to be very effective and resulted into cent per cent insect mortality within 24 hrs of of three productive kusmi breeds was done treatment. for winter crop raised on ber at Mangobandh village of through SEEDS Six IPM recommended newer chemical and Gutwa village of through insecticides viz., lambdacyhalothrin, NGO GRADAN. alphamethrin, indoxacarb, carbosulfan spinosad and fipronil along with recommended The project on 'skill development and ethofenprox, were evaluated for their safety capacity building lac culture through in to lac insect and toxicity to predators of lac training and demonstration in Gujarat' has insect on rangeeni rainy season (katki) lac o been completed. The significant contributions crop raised on palas. A11 the six chemical E include: technology refinement for kusmi (-9= insecticides except lambdacyhalothrin at -o (ber, lac cultivation on Ziziphus mauritiana higher dose were found to be promising as E bordi) in Gujarat and kusmi lac cultivation far as safety to lac insect is concenred and cc/) on Prosopis juliflora (ganda babul); lac effective in reducing the incidence of lac ('f host resource development in the Forest insect predators for the second consecutive co Department for brood lac production and crop season also in confirmatory trials. L demonstration, establishment of training = facility, successful field demonstrations of 9. Liaison, Information and Advisory = O kusmi lac production, HRD on lac cultivation Services P to 73 forest officers and more than 500 farmers = Efforts have been made at national level for .= through 13 training camps. ct) collection of lac related information and data. c = 8. Technology Assessment, Refi nement The estimated national production of sticklac E and Dissemination during 2008-09 was approximately I7,175 C, tons. Total amount of sticklac processed For the management of neuropteran predator, during 2007-08 was 27,110 tons which Chrysopa lacciperda oflac insect, a laboratory also included the imported lac in India. In bioassay of seven insecticides was carried processing of lac West Bengal ranked l't out by direct application and by exposing (40.13 %) followed by Chhattisgarh (32.65 o/o), o/o), Jhark,hand (2 1 .0 | Mahar ashtra ( 5 . 1 1 provided to an NAT lac cultivation on %) and Madhya Pradesh (1.09 %). The total Flemingia semialata bushes. Necessary export of lac and its value added products advise was provided for the solution of during the year 2007-08 was 7,906.33 tons problems related to preparation of lac dye and valued at Pls.12427 crores. The total import lac based varnishes. Monitoring of lac crop of different kind of lac during the year 2007- on different host plants were carried out in the 08 was 5797.22 tons valued Rs.34.62 crores. states of Jharkhand, West Bengal and Orissa The Institute has established linkages with and necessary advice related to host, crop, five KVKs viz.,Palamau. Gumla, Lohardaga, pest and disease management were provided. Garhwa and Koderma facilitated 105 kg Institute brought out several regular and ad- rangeeni and 100 kg kusmi broodlac for hoc publications, both in English and Hindi, initiating lac cultivation. Necessary advice to disseminate information on the Institute's has been given for taking plant protection mandated activities. measures. Necessary advice has also been Historic al D ev elopm e nt (l) London Shellac Research Bureau, UK and (2) Shellac Research Bureau, Polytechnique Institute Lac, a natural resin, is a Non-Timber Forest of Brooklyn, USA. As a result of reorganization Produce is cultivated and collected by tribals of agricultural research and education within the inhabiting the sub-hilly tracts of Jharkhand, country the ICAR took over the administrative Chhattisgarh, West Bengal,. Madhya Pradesh, control ofthe ILRI fromApril 1966. This Institute Maharashtra, Orissa and Uttar Pradesh. Before is thus, one of the oldest, within the ICAR system, the advent of synthetic plastics and resins, lac having completed more than 84 years of fruitful insulating was invaluable in moulding and service to the Nation. It has immensely contributed industries, and India, then under British rule, towards all round development of lac besides had an unparalleled global monopoly over the maintaining India's leadership in production, lac trade. Realising the strategic importance of installed processing capacity and export. The this commodity, the then Imperial Government of Governing Body of ICAR Society in its 206th India constituted the L i nds ay - H ar I ow C o mm i t t e e meeting held on 19.3.2007 have approved revised in 1920, to look into all aspects of the country's mandate and new name of the Institute as Indian lac trade and its development. On the suggestions Institute of Natural Resins and Gums with effect of this Committee, lac merchants organized from September 20, 2007 . themselves into the Indian Lac Association for A Unique Institute Res earch,under the aegis ofwhich, the foundation stone of the Indian Lac Research Institute was laid The IINRG is unique and only one of its kind in on September 20, 1924 at Ranchi. the world, being devoted exclusively to all aspects of lac cultivation, processing and utilization. consisted an Initially, the Institute of It employs a multidisciplinary approach of Entomological Section principal unit as the researches, encompassing all areas related to lac supported by a Biochemical Section which started production, refinement and utilization. The areas functioning from 1925. Then, rn 1927 , a Physico- covered include lac insects and their biota; their chemical Section was added to take up applied host plants (both trees and bushy species); lac research. Later, these two chemical sections were insect and host management; refinement/isolation combined to form a Chemical Division. The of commercially important products from raw scope of this Institute was thus, widened to cover lac; lac based product diversification and other both the entomological and chemical aspects. areas such as economics, marketing etc. It has the Subsequently, on the recommendations of the world's richest and the oldest books and literature Royal Commission on Agriculture,the Indian Lac on lac, a well-organizedlac museum depicting all Cess Committeewas constituted, which took over aspects of lac and a collection of a wide range the reigns of the Indian Lac Research Institute in of lac host plants and lac insects collected from

1 93 1 . The ILCC also orsanized and maintained the different parts of the country. Lo c ation and A gro - C limate during the period was 1477.8 mm of which the The Institute is located 9 km. south-east of monsoon rainfall was 1386.6 mm which is nearly Ranchi city, on the Ranchi - highway 98.3% of the total yearly rainfall. NH 33, at an altitude 650 m above mean sea of Present Status level,23023' N latitude and 85023' E longitude. The soil status of the Institute indicates advance Organizational Structur e weathering on granitic genesis. The soil of the The INRG has responded to the globalization experimental farm is of lateritic type. The area of industries and agricultural enterprises of the experiences mild, salubrious climate with a country as well as functional reorganization of rather hearry rainfall pattern of about 1400 mm ICAR. The Institute also has average, of which about 1250 mm is during undergone structural priorities the monsoon. During the year highest mean changes and the have been redefined. maximum temperature (39.90C) was observed in In 1995-96, the erstwhile Divisions and Sections the month ofApril and the lowest mean minimum were abolished and the scientific manpower temperature (8.70C) during January. May l't and divided into three divisions, viz.,Lac Production, December l't were recorded as the hottest and Processing and Product Development, and the coldest day of the year with a temperature of Transfer of Technology. The Institute is headed 42.50 C and2.20 C, respectively. The total rainfall by a Director. Staff differentparts ofthe country, inbred and crossbred lines. Similarly, the Institute Research Farm has Institute has a sanctioned strength of 1 RMP, 46 1540 host trees of S. oleosa (kusum),2480 trees scientific, 62 technical, 36 administrative and 89 of B. manasperma (palas), 1351 Z. mauritiana supporting grade with Total of 234 sanctioned (ber) and 8695 minor host plants. The field gene posts, out of which 30 scientific including RMP, bank ofthe Institute has 16 genera and 33 species covering tree, medium and bushy type of lac host 5 7 technical, 29 administrative and 7 2 supporting plants. The collection include 6 species of Ficus, posts with Total of 188 staff are in position. 4 species each of Acacia and Albizia,3 each of Infrastructure Flemingia and Zizyphus, 2 each of Prosopis and Dalbergia along with each of Cajanus, Manned by a strong band of dedicated scientists Croton, Desmodium, Garuga, Pithecolobium and from various disciplines including entomology, Peltoforum. Altogether 64 collections collected plant sciences, organic chemistry, physics, from different agro - climatic regions for 33 engineering, bio-technology, etc., the Institute species of lac hosts have been planted in the field has about 188 staff scientific, technical, in gene bank. administrative and supporting categories. The The IINRG Library has holdings of more than Institute has several prestigious Iabs, viz., Hrgh 30,000 volumes of scientific journals, 2000 Voltage Laboratory Biotechnology, Bio-control rare books, including back volumes of research Laboratory Instrument Laboratory Quality periodicals in the field of lac and surface coatings. Evaluation Laboratory etc. Besides these, the Since the holdings of back volumes of certain DTP and publications facilities are also available. journals date back to circa 1760, the library has Anumber of modern and sophisticated laboratory been catering to the document supply services equipment, including DSC, FT-IR, Insect Activity of INSDOC, New Delhi. Besides catering to the Meter, Environmental Growth Chamber etc. scientists and staffof the Institute, the library also are available for research on all aspects of lac attracts researchers of neighboring educational production, processing and product development. and research institutions, including BII RU, There are several well-organized and equipped BAU and HARP, Ranchi, III Kharagpur, RAU, service sections to support research management Samastipur, PU, , NIT, Jamshedpur etc. administrative wing of the Institute. The The Quality Evaluation Laboratory of the Institute comprises of Director's Office, Administrative has recently been accredited ISO 9001 :2000 Section, Finance and Accounts Section, Purchase and it caters to the quality control needs of the and Central Stores. The following sections lac processing I lac product industries as well as provide the technical support: Library, Research exporters of lac / lac products. The QEL analyses, Management Unit, Institute Research Farm and on an average, about 150 samples per annum. The Maintenance and Workshop Unit. The Auxiliary lab has facilities for carrying out testing oflac I units are: Hindi Cell, Security, Medical and Estate lac products as per BIS requirements. Maintenance services. The Research Management Unit (RMU) provides The Institute Research Fanns are spread over in an the Scientists. access to Internet and e-mail area of36 ha has all conventional and cultivated facilities for communication and information The is a source lac host plants. The Institute is responsible for the retrieval. Institute website valuable information on IINRG as well as lac. collection and maintenance of germplasm of lac of insect lines as well as lac host trees. Presently, the The Institute has attained international recognition IINRG is maintaining more than sixty five lines for its contribution in cultivation and utilization of the lac insect, which include collection from aspects of lac. Budget 199.98 lakhs against a revised estimate of Rs. The detailed figures are shown in During 2008-09, the non-plan expenditure was ?oo:0,0,lakhs' the table given below' Rs. 699.65 lakhs, against a revised estimate of ICA Rs. 701.20 lakhs; the plan expenditure was Rs. o Budget during 2008-09 c\ (Rs. in lakhs) SI. Plan Non- Plan o) IIead E No. R. E.07-08 Expr. R. E.07-08 Expr. (q c= I. Establishment charses 00.00 00.00 s90.00 589.02 C 2. Wases 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 a J. o.T.A. 00.00 00.00 00.20 00.1 8 A Travelins allowances 05.50 05.49 03.00 02.99 5. H.R.D. 01.50 0t.49 00.00 00.00 6. Other charses 98.00 97.98 70.00 69.44 Equipments 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 Furniture & Fixure 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 7. O/C Information Technolo sv 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 8. Works 85.00 84.99 00.00 00.00 Special Repairs: (a) Office 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 (b) Office buildine 00.00 00.00 38.00 37.99 (c) Residential buildins 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 (c) Minor works 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 (d) Maior work (Plan) 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 9. Other items Publicity (Library) 10.00 09.99 00.00 00.00 TOTAL 200.00 199.98 701.20 699.65 (B) Loans & Advances 04.00 03.96 00.00 00.00 (c) Pensions 80.00 79.96 00.00 00.00 (D) Revenue Generation tarset 38.00 Revenue Receiot Generate 33.68 Net work Proiect (Plan) 100.00 99.99 00.00 00.00 IPR 04.50 00.57 00.00 00.00

U) Revenue Generation E C5= During the period under report, a sum of Rs. 33.68 lakhs was earrred as revenue, through different -E c programmes of various divisions and sections of the Institute. cct) (t, ('a'CD

= =. O = = :: = Lac Production 1.1. Insect improvement for the first time during the surveys undertaken, although both of these are known hosts. At most 1.1.1 Collection, conservation, characterization and documentation of lac of the visited places lac cultures were either insect biodiversity in advanced stage of emergence or the larvae had already emerged (Table 1). Lac insect A. S um ey of W e s t e rn U ttar P ro.de s h fo r c olle ctio n was collected from Agra for maintenance and of lac insects evaluation at the Field Gene Bank of National Extensive survey of selected areas in six districts Lac Insect Germplasm Centre (NATLIGEC) of the Institute. Dead lac cultures were also collected of Eastern Uttar Pradeshviz. Kanpur, Lucknow, from all other places for preservation. Shahjahanpur, Agra, Mathura Meerut and of New Delhi was done during November 2-13,2008 for availability of lac insects and their host plants. Though, lac insects were observed at all the places visited except Shahjahanpur, but frequency of occulTence of lac insects in nature was very low. Lac insects were observed mainly onpipal (Ficus religiosa), ber (Ziziphus mauritiana) and pakur (F. luscence). Lac was also seen on Putranjiva Fig. 1. Lac on Putranjiva roxburghii in Kanpur roxburghii (Fig.1) and Ficus benjamina (Fig. 2)

Table 1. Occurrence of natural lac insect population at different places in Eastern Uttar Pradesh

Place Lac insect stage Ilost plant

Kanpur Freshly settled lac larvae, crimson Ber. Pakur, Pipal, Putranjiva roxburghii Lucknow Freshlv settled lac larvae. crimson Pipal Shahjahanpur Lac insect was not observed Agra Emerging lac insect, crimson and yellow Ber, Pakur, Pipal, Ficus benjamina Mathura Freshly settled lac larvae, crimson Pipal Meerut Freshly settled lac larvae, crimson Pipal Delhi Freshly settled laclawae, crimson Pipal Fig.3. K. chinensis (LIK031) on C. calothyrsus ut IRF

Fig. 2. Lac on Ficus benjamina in Agra

New recombinant population o/Kerria lacca

A new recombinant population of Kerria lacca has been discovered from tsankhedi Block of Hosangabad district in Madhya Pradesh. It follows rangeeni life cycle of 4 + 8 months and productivity similar to kusmi with survival on kusum (Schleichera oleosa). This population Fig. 4. K. chinensis (LIK023) on D. assamica ul IRF showed a similar behaviour at Tajpur in Gujarat Evaluation of five lac insect lines during the rainy season crop (July-Nov). The Five lac insect stocks collected from Maharashtra yield ratio (brood obtained/ brood used) on ten (Ahmednagar andAurangabad) and West Bengal ber trees ranged between 12-21. The yield of (Bankura, Midnapore and Purulia) have been sticklac/meter shoot length was found to be 1109 multiplied in sufficient quantity on Flemingia in 123 days as compared to 30-409 sticklac/meter macrophylla. These stocks are being evaluated onber by the rangeeni strain and 120-130 in 180- for economic parameters. Five cultures of each 200 days in case of kusmi strain of lac insect. stock have been raised on E macrophylla iltring October-November for evaluation. Observations B. Evaluation of lac insects on density of settlement and initial mortality New potential hosts identified for Kenia have been recorded after 2I days of inoculation. chinensis The initial mortality varied between l2-I5% among the stocks and did not show significant Two new potential plant hosts viz., Calliandra difference. The density of settlement varied calothyrsus (Fig. 3) and Dalbergia assamica among the stocks. Bankura stock showing higher (: szemaoenszs) (Fig. 4) have been identified (90/sq. cm.) settlement density compared to other for Kerria chinensis. Summer season crop was Midnapore (71) and Purulia (75) stocks from West Bengal. The settlement density of Ahmednagar satisfactory whereas rainy season crop has and Aurangabad (Mahrashtra) was similar to that given very good results and 2.5 kg broodlac of Bankura stock (93 and 86, respectively). was harvested by inoculatingl00 g of broodlac Yellow trivoltine insect developed through cross (LIK031) from C. calothyrszs. While about 1.0 breeding of kusmi yellow bivoltine and crimson kg broodlac was harvested from D. assamicaby trivoltine insect has been multiplied on ber in the inoculating 150 g broodlac (LIK023) during of field during rainy season (Fig. 5). The harvested rainy season crop at Institute Research Farm crop has been inoculated on ber and kusum in the (rRF). field and is progressing well. A survey was made in various places of Rajasthan i.e.,Tab1ji, Jawaja, Bewar, Kekri, Sarwar, Ajmer and Pushkar during July 2008 to collect wild populations of rangeeni lac insect for mass multiplication and evaluation at IRF, Namkum, Ranchi. Lac insect was recorded in all locations but their frequency varied among the places surveyed and the host species. The infested host species were Ficus religiosa (pipa[), F. bengalensis Fig. 5. Yellow trivoltine lsc culture on ber ut IRF, (bargad) and Zizyphus mauritiana (ber). At some C. Maintenance and conservation of lac insects of the places, like Ajmer and Pushkar lac insects in National Luc Insect Germplasm Center were more abundant, especially on pipal trees. More than 1000 lac cultures of 65 lines of lac Some F. bengalensis trees in Pushkar were found insect which include 14 cultivated, 28 natural heavily infested with lac insects having very populations,22 cross bred / inbred / selected, one thick encrustation (Fig. 7a). Few ber trees were exotic and six uncoded lines are being maintained also found moderately infested at Ajmer and the live in the Field Gene Bank ofNational Lac Insect population Germplasm Center (NATLIGEC) of the institute comprised ofyellow mutants (Fig. 7b). on potted plants of Flemingia macrophylla (Fig Very low occuffence of crimson lac was observed 6). One new lac insect stock collected from A9.", in all these places on all host species. Survival of Uttar Pradesh during November, 2008 has been lac insects and thickness of encrustation at these added to the Field Gene Bank. places and the preference of host plant during

Fig. 6. Conservation of lac insect germplasm in Field Gene Bank of National l-qc Insect Germplasm Center of the Institute

A booklet entitled 'Descriptors of lac insects summer cycle (baisakhi), could be rated in order with special reference to Kerria spp.' has as E bengalensis > F. religiosa > Z. mauritiana. been published, which contains descriptors on accession and collection, lac culture management, The most interesting observation was the survival collection and evaluation site. taxonomic and of lac insects on Z. mauritiana (though sparse). insect performance. The observation indicated that better survival of yellow insects in hot areas as compared to 1.1.2 Field evaluation of promising lac insect crimson, which might be due to their suitability races, lines and breeds for higher productivity in hot climate and gene flow in this direction. and superior pe rmance Sufficient quantity (5.7 kg) of broodlac were Field collection of wild population of rangeeni collected and brought to the institute for further lac insects from hot area multiplication and evaluation. raised side by side. Comparative field perforrnance of two rangeeni lac insect stocks at lammu on ber plant Two rangeeni lac insect lines one from Jhalda of district Purulia (West Bengal) and another from Akhnoor of district Jammu (J&K) were inoculated onberplants, to raise rainy season crop. Each plant was inoculated with 0.5 kg broodlac, a very good ratio ofbroodlac used and broodlac harvested was a tune to l:20 and 1: 18 for Jhalda and Akhnoor, respectively (Figure 8).40 palas trees with Jhalda andl} palas trees with local population of Jammu lac insects have been fuither re-inoculated to raise sunlmer season (baisakhi) crop 2008-09.

Fig. 7. I-ac insect populations collected from Ajmer, Rajasthan a) bargad b) ber trees

Field multiplication of potentinl rangeeni lac insect lineslraces Three potential rangeeni lac insects, one race from Gujarat, a crossbred line of Rajasthan and a wild population from Jammu, showing good survival during rainy season 2007 were inoculated on palas trees to raise summer season lac crop during 2007-08. The crop progressed well till January 2008, thereafter mortality of lac crop started, leading to complete mortality by the end of February 2008, resulted in total crop failure. Broodlac collected from Rajasthan were inoculated on various host trees to raise rainy Fig. 8. Rainy season rangeeni lnc uop on her trees at season (katki, 08) crop, which yielded 12.7 kg Jammu (Table against 5.5 kg of broodlac 2). Besides, Screening of lac insect germplasm on Ziziphus performance of rainy season rangeeni lac insects mauritiana (ber) and, Flemingia semialata for from Kanker and Local (lac insect at originated improved productivify IRF survived during summer 2007-08) was also multiplied and their yield potential is given in Five kusmi lac insect stocks viz., kusmi crimson TabIe 2. Some earlier collections from Rajasthan early, kusmi yellow, kusmi crimson late and two and Maharashtra (maintained in Field Gene productive breeds namely Kulaj and N aw adih Bank) were also multiplied on ber during rainy were evaluated for three years on semialata and season in the field and about 5.6 kg broodlac were ber, the results of which have been presented in harvested against 0.5 kg broodlac from Rajasthan the previous Annual Reports. The following are strain whereas, similar broodlac yielded 3.9 kg in the recommendations of the study: case of Maharashtra strain. Al1 these lines have been further re-inoculated on different hosts to For E semialata, during winter season, kusmi raise summer season (baisakhi) crop 2008-09. early stock, which mafures in January-February One additional line of Putidih has also being performs better. As the crop matures early, lac Table 2. Performance of rengeeni lac insect population during rainy season (katki) lac crop 2008. Quantity Date of No. of Date of ofbroodlac inoculation plant (s) harvesting inoculated per inoculated olant. host(s) 7- ber and9-palas o) Kanker, 6.00 kg Palas 1.5 kg, Ber 8.7.08 2 3 L 10.08 12kg O (l:4.0) tree(s) inoculated, 5 kg Chhattisgarh O 9.5 kg broodlac formberand O 0.3 kg, Palas 8.7.08 l0 30.10.08 c\..| (Medium (1:3.2) 1.5 kg broodlac form o size tree) palas giventoMr. o Anees & 1.5 kg sent to E. Jammu for experiment.

I 0 ootted olants C. Ajmer, 5.5 kg Ficus (1.5 kg x 2) & 10.7.08 3 (Big 30.10.08 8.5 kg 2- self,1- ber Rajasthan bengalensis (2.0 kg x 1), tree) + 4kg inoculated, 7 - palas &F. Ber rejected, trees religiosa ( I :2.5) 0.3 kg, Palas 10.7.08 I No Nil Crop failed (Medium harvesting size tree) Bhalia (potted 10.7.08 10 29.10.08 50 gm 10- polted bhalia condition) plants

20g, Khair 10.7.08 I 29.10.08 190 gm 2- ber plants ( 1:9.5) Local (IRF) 20 cells Palas Bhalia (potted 3.07.08 10 18.10.08 300 gm 4- small palas trees, (Suwiving condition) l0- potted bhalia cell of plants baishaki 2007-08) Rajasthan 0.5 kg Bhalia Ber 24 06.08 I 13.10.08 4.1 kg + 4- palas (LrK 011) 1.5 kg From Gene rejected Bank) (1:11) 20 cell Bhalia (potted 24.06.08 10 l3.10.08 150 gm l5- potbed plant condition)

Maharashtra 0.5 kg Bhalia Ber 24.06.08 13.10.08 2.7 kg + 2- palas (LrK 0018 1.2kg From Gene rejected Bank) (1:8) encrustation does not detach from the stem as number of shoots and iv) stunted growth of the is the case in late maturing varieties affecting shoots (Fig. 9). quantity and quality of the broodlac produced. While for ber, performance of kusmi late stocks (Kulajanga, Nawadih, kusmi yellow and kusmi crimson late) which mature in March / April are better, for the winter crop. Initial settlement on F. semialata should not be more than 35o/o of the available shoot length. at one interval Irrigation is required at least month c from November onwards for getting good quality -o broodlac. C Analysis of data shows that continuous cultivation of kusmi lac especially of early matudng variety adversely affects the shooting response of the plants by i) drying up of pruned twigs, ii) delay Fig. 9. Reduced pruning response of ber after in appearance of new shoots, iii) decrease in continuous cultivation of kusmi lac 1. 2 Host Improvement Twenty-two new collections were made from 1.2.1 West Bengal, Jharkhand, Gujarat and Rajasthan Collection, conservation, belonging to six families namely Papilionaceae, ICAR characterization and documentation of lac Urticaceae, Burseraceae, Malvaceae, Rhamnaceae O host biodiversity and Sapindaceae. Out of which, six collections CD O were from Jharkhand, eight from West Bengal, cl Survey and collections of lac hosts c{ three from Gujarat, two from Rajsthan and three survey a A was undertaken in two districts each of collections from Madhya Pradesh (Table 3). All o EE West Bengal, Jharkhand and Madhya Pradesh and these collections were brought for the further E in one establishment c= district of Rajsthan for collection of lac host and multiplication in the IRF, c plants. One plant of kusum has been identified Namkum, Ranchi for evaluation studies.

Table 3. Details of collections of lac host plants made from different States.

Name of the plant No. of Type ofplant Family of the Location collection material host plant material

Caianus caian 1 Seed Papilionaceae Bano, Jharkhand Zizyphus mauritiana 7 Seed, bud, Rhamnaceae Bhawnagaq Gujarat; Gosaidih, Purulia and Rangamatya, Bankura, West Bengal Ficus religiosa 3 Stem cuttings Urticaceae Hesalejara, Angarah, Palkot, Gumla, Jharkhand Ramganj area Ajmer, Raiasthan Ficus bengalensis Cuttings-30 Urticaceae Akashardham Road, Ajmer, Rajasthan Ficus semicordta Seedlings Ufticaceae Otoda, Bandgaon, West Chaibasa, Jharkhand Butea monosperma 3 Sucker; Seed Papilionaceae Himmatnagar, Sawarkanta, Gujarat; (white flower) Morkucchu, Koderma, Jharkhand, Butea monosperma (good, 2 Suckers Bankhedi,Hosan gabad, Barghat, lac yielder) Balaghat, Madhya Pradesh; Rangamatya, Hirabandh, Bankura, West Bengal Adansonia disitata Seedlins Malvaceae Himmat Nagar, Sabarkanta, Guiarat Schleichera oleosa 2 Seed/ Seedling Sapindaceae Bankhedi, Hosangabad, MadhyaPradesh, Katidiri, Bandgaon, West Chaibasa U> Garuga pinnata Seed Burseraceae Thickpani, Simdega, Jharkhand E (kondevore) c5= -o (o having 22.5 mheight and 4.5m girth U> with potential Conservatiort: Enrichment offield gene bank of ^-n of 5 q brood lac yield at Bankhedi (Hosangabad, lac hosts cl) G Madhya Pradesh) and other at Otoda (Bandgaon, Field gene bank of lac hosts at the IRF has been CO Jharkhand). Trees of ber in Gosaidih, Purulia and P strengthened. A new field plot (plot no. 70B) of CO Jhalda of West Bengal have also been identified 0.25ha was developed for this purpose. Twelve = with broodlac yield potential of 50 kg. o collections were added to field gene bank during 'ct) P An elite plant of Ficus semicordata has been the year, to the existing 67 collections, as per = .= identified as a host plant of kusmi strain of lac details given in Table 4. a/) insect from Hesalejara, Angarha, Ranchi. Lac A collection of wild population of Flemingia - crop raised on this host plant was at par with that .(o macrophylla from Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh Ec of kusum, the commercial lac host plant for kusmi lac cultivation. has been registered (IC No.-558405 from Zone No.9) at NBPGR. New Delhi. Plants of the old Adansonia digitata, a host exotic and of origin collection of F. macrophylla and Amarkantak seedlings of palas (white / yellow flower) has has been raised in a field plot for comparative been collected from Himmat Nagar, Banaskanta, evaluation. Fifteen plants Cajanus Guiarat. of arhar, Table 4. Germplasm collections added to lac host gene bank during 2008.

Sl. No. Host plant No. of Place of collection Distinct character collections Plot No. 70 High fruit yieldirrg, Narrow smaller g) Kusum Malegaon, Gujarat leaves co O 2 Himmatnagar, O Palas Light yellow colour flower c! Sabarkanta, Guiarat o Plot No. 70B o F. benjamina -= A I -do- Yellow leaves (Monk yellow) c= c 5. F. panda I -do- Yellowish leatherv leaves 6. F. nuda (-- neveta) 1 -do- Whitish mixed vellow blotches leaves F. benjamina 1. 1 -do- starlite Whitish - green blotches on leaves. F. benjamina Green mixed with light yellowish 8. 1 -do- variepata coloured leaves Ficus lacor 9 I Ghatsila, Jharkhand G o o d r ange en i lac beaing Palkot, Gumla, 10. Ficus religiosa 1 Good rangeerl lac bearing Jharkhand Belgahana, Korba, n Albizia lebbek I Good lac bearing Chhattisgarh Himmatnagar, Lac bearing (including stalk of the t2 Adansonia digilata I Banaskanta. Guiarat fruit) cajan, collected from Amarkantak (Madhya high 98.82Yo indicating about a wide genetic Pradesh), 45 plants each of Flemingia bracteata diversity among the ber collections probably due and Desmodium pulchellum were raised for to cross pollinating reproductive behaviour (Fig. evaluation. Broodlac was inoculated on the plants 10A). The average number of loci arhplified per of arhar. The insects were growing well till ber genotype was 66.83 for the 15 RAPD primers December,2008. and average number of amplified products Molecular characterization of ber collections obtained per loci across the 35 ber collections (/) through RAPD profiling was 13.84. The RAPD data helped in clustering = of the 35 ber collections into six major groups = Genetic diversity of thirry five collections of C. Ziziphus (Fig. 10B). The similarity coefficient range in the spp. including 26 fruit varieties, 6

Fruit varieties collected 81: Sandan; 82: Aliganj; 83: Seb X Katha; 84: Bagwadi; 85: Illaichi; B6: from CAZRI, Jodhpur, Thornless; 87: Maharwali; B8: Kali; B9: CAZRI Gola; B10: Reshmi; B11: Rajasthan Katha; B12: F1 Seb X Gola; B13: BCI Seb X Tikadi; B14: Chhuahara; B15: Umran;816: Tikadi (CAZRI collection); 817: Jogia; 818: Banarsi Karka; B19: ZG3;820: Seb; B21: Gola 822: Sanaur-5; B23: Kaithli1'824:Banarci pebandi; B25: Mundia; B26: Tikadi (IINRG collection) Geographic collections of B27: randomly seleceted plant from IINRG research farm, Ranchi; B28: Rania Ziziphus mauritiana used collection, B29: Simdega (Jharkhand) collection; B30: Gumla (Jharkhand) as lac host collection; 831: Banaskanta (Gujarat) collection, B32: Purulia (WB) collection; Species

R{D Derdogm oflf Zoplwrdlerlort

(, = (-9= -o = Fig.10. (A) Representative gelfigure of RAPD ampffication products showing polymorphic banding profiles as 6 obtained with RAPD primer OPB17. (B) Clustering of 35 Ziziphus lines according to RAPD profiles genersted CD primers t-Y- through 15 RAPD co P= Molecular characterizption of kusum andpalas = gennpl&sm The standardization of DNA isolation from P= (/) highly polysaccharide and phenol rich kusum z and palas leaves were caried out in previous € year. The experiment was extended further for c surveying of RAPD primers for both kusum and palas. Out of twenty RAPD primers screened 11 and 12 primers, respectively were found satisfactory for selection in order to carry out charactenzation of kusum (Fig. 11) and palas Fig. 11. Primary screening of RAPD primers OPS l accessions through RAPD. - 20 in kusum. l.2.2Hostplant evaluation and improvement Progenies of selected F. semialata plants (90 for lac productivity and summer plants) for summer lac crop sustainabilify, along sustainability with those from natural population (10 plants) raised last year were maintained. During the To evolve a variety of Flemingia semialata for period under report, nine plants of selected kusmi lac crop sustainability daring sumn er

Table 6. Yariation in plant characteristics of selected plants of local cultivar of Z, mauritiana at IRF and one high-yielding tree at Putidih, West Bengal

Tree no/plot no. No. Of Avg. IIabit Thorniness Thorn shape Shape ofthe Leaf apex Leaf margin pruned length of * leaf points / shoots sorouts (cm) RMMAS OO1/48 Spreading Medium Altemate Ovate Sub Acute Entire 25t56 62.7 curved RMMAS OO2i47 lntermediate Hish All curved Round Oval Entire 22115 163 RRZMAS OO3/57 Erect Medium Both curved Round RoundAnd Semrlate 35/85 87 Waw RMMAS OO4/48 Soreadins Medium All curved Round Round Entire 10/15 103

RRJMAS OO5 / 48 Intermediate Medium All curved " Ovateu Sub-acute Semrlate 10t16 46 RMMAS 006/48 Soreadins Medium All curved Ovate Sub-acute Semrlate t6t50 32.6 RMMAS OO7/48 Spreading b Less Alternate Elliptical Round Semrlate 25135 76.7 curved RMMAS OO8/48 Spreading Medium Altemate Ovate Sub-acute Semrlate 9t25 60 curved Oblone RMMAS ()()9/48 Spreading Medium Both curved Oval Round Entire 814s OJ RRZMAS OIO/48 Erect Medium Altemate Ovate Round Entire L0/30 21.1 curved RRZMAS OII/48 Spreading Medium Both curved Ovate Sub Acute Entire 12122 JJJ Oblons RRZMAS 012/48 Semi-erect' Medium Altemate Round Sub Acute Entire 6/1 8 50 curved RRZMAS()OI3 Spreading Medium All curved Oval Round Semrlate r0/30 64 t48 RRZMAS OI4l25 Semi-erect Medium Altemate Oval Obovate Entire 8t13 80 curved RMMAS OI5/25 Erect High Altemate Round Round Entire 5/8 85 curved RMMAS 016/31 Spreading Less Altemate Ovate Round Entire 8/38 60.7 curved Oblons RMMAS 017/3 Erect Hieh Both curved Ovate Round Entire 7115 61.1 RMMAS 018i3 Spreading medium Both curved Oval Subovate Subsemrlate l5/60 63.7 RMMAS 019/3 Spreadins Hish Both curved Round Round Subsemrlate 6t28 92.5 RRZMAS O2O/3I Spreading High Altemate Oval Round Subsemrlate 7127 6J. / curved RMMAS O2Il3I Spreading High Altemate Elliptical Round Entire 10t57 OJ.J curved RRZMAS 022133 Erect Medium Both curved Oval Sub Acute Subsemrlate It4 95.5 sRMMAS 023/33 intermediate Medium Altemate Ovate Round Entire U5 655 curved Oblone RMMAS 026/ Intermediatd Medium Alternate Elliptical Round Entire 35120 103.3 Near Dis.s curved Oblons RMMAS 027l lntermediate Medium Altemate Ovate (Boat Round Semrlate, 621 Putidih curvedd Shaped) Waw * Visual which depends on internode length and branching a : One thorn very close to branch; inner half of leaf lamina is bigger than outer b : Drooping branching habit, thin branches c : Branching at altemate node s d : Thorn: small one straight forming 450 upwards progeny and one of control died. Plants were to axillary bud culture establishment in kusum pruned during July for inoculation of summer last year, 30 different combinations of cytokinins crop during January- February. Observations on and auxins were tried for in vitro axillary bud plant height and number of tillers were recorded initiation in kusum. Two treatment combinations during December prior to inoculation. The plant consisting of (i) BAP (1.0 mg/l) + NAA (0.05 height of selected group ranged between 88cm to mg/l) and (iD BAP (1.0 mg/l) + Silver nitrate (1.0 205cm with a mean of 146.45 + 26.5, whereas mg/l) produced highest axillary bud break after those in control varied from 121 to 170 with a 21 days. The mean number of axillary bud break mean of 129.22 + 26.7. The number of tillers per observed was 5.0+1 for both the treatments. The plant in case of selected progenies varied from2 percentage of bud break calculated was 83.33% to 14 with a mean of 6.9 + 2.6 whereas that in for either case as compared to 66.67Yo in control. control varied from 3 to 10 with a mean of 5.1 + The mean length of shoot bud recorded were 2.5. Plants are ready for raising summer kusmilac 15.21+1.04 and 11.58+2.42, whlle the average crop from next year. number of fully expanded leaves observed were Screening of varieties/cultivars of Ziziphus 1.54+0.71 and l.l7+0.17, respectively for the mauritiana, Ziziphus spp. for lac productivity above two treatments. and plant characteristics

Regular maintenance activities were carried out for the 183 surviving plants and the 25 varieties of ber (2. mauritiana) planted in2007 .In order to fill the gaps created by mortality of 67 plants due to frost in February 2008, budding of the respective varieties was done and sufficient number of budded plants has been obtained, which will be planted during the forthcoming monsoon. The plants exhibited spreading tendency and training operations will be taken up rn2009.

Twenty-five ber plants including one high yielding plant in Putidih were screened out based on winter kusmi lac yield and distinct plant characteristics for evaluation after clonal multiplication. These Fig 12. Axillary bud culture initiation and elongation plants were charactenzed based on habit, shoot in kusum. (A) In vitro initiution of uxillary had-brcuk from nodal explants of kusam. (B) Effect of agar and leafparameters, which have been summarized solidified media versus liquid MS media soaked filter in Table 6. Patch budding was done in 400 plants paper bridge on sub-culturing of proltferated axillary (local berroot stock) usingbuds collected from 13 bud. Foliage drop on MS agar media is shown in the insetfigure (C) Healthy ex-plant growth on whitefilter plants of this selection. Budding was successful in paper as compared on brown seed germination papen 124 plants. Large scale budding will be undertaken (D) Shoot elongation of kusum axillary buds on liquid next year using more promising ber trees as well MS media soakedfilter paper bridge. as those identified in farmers'field. The proliferated axillary buds were further sub- 1.2.3 Clonal propagation of Schleichera cultured on MS media with or without different oleosa (kusum) a major lac host plant PGR combinations, which resulted into foliage through tissue culture drops leading to death of almost all the explants. problem tackled Axillary bud initiation and elongation in kusum The was by sub-culturing of freshly proliferated axillary buds on white filter In continuation ofidentifi cation ofproblems related paper bridge soaked in liquid MS media with (low concentrations) or without cytokinins (0.5- period. The half moon terracing provided the 1.0 mgll). The process helped regeneration of 80- much more time to rainwater for its retention 90% shoots. However in order to test the efficacy while mulching reduced the evaporation loss of low cost brown seed germination paper as a of conserved rainwater. Perusal of Table 7 and substitute for filter paper bridge for sub-culturing Figure 13 shows the lowest soil moisture content of axillary buds, resulted into browning followed (7.7- 24.89 %) control. by complete loss of explants. The results suggest Table 7. Soil moisture content at 0-60 cm under white filter paper as ideal for sub-culturing of various conservation treatments. explants instead of brown paper bridge. Fig. 12 Month Soil moisture content (%o shows the results of axillary bud initiation and elongation inthe kusum cultures. r, 12 13 14 15 :?r$ Jan.08 10.73 11.68 10.05 9.80 8.98 1.09 1. 3 Crop Production Feb.08 10.10 11.38 9.45 8.98 8.55 1.24 Mar.08 11.00 72.15 9.78 9.05 8.83 2.14 1.3.1 Studies on iz-silu moisture conservation Apr. 08 10.85 11.38 8.73 7.95 7.70 2.44 May 08 12.78 13.65 11.50 10.50 10.03 2.62 techniques for raising mixed plantation of June 08 21.98 22.12 21.35 21.31 20.61 NS ber andkusum JulyO8 25.35 25.60 25.20 25.15 24.89 NS Aug.08 20.48 20.99 19.15 18.94 18.43 NS The s oil moisture status and plant growth attributes Sept. 08 20.18 20.68 19.09 18.75 17.85 NS of ber and kusum were recorded at monthly Oct.08 1832 19.27 18.03 14.97 13.05 3.86 interval (25-30 days). Gravimetric method was Nov.08 12.80 74.95 11.49 10.57 10.48 3.01 used to estimate the soil moisture content at 1050C Dec.08 12.51 13.52 10.45 9.37 8.62 1.96 till the constant weight was obtained. Moisture content of soil on weight basis was calculated and then it was converted on volumetric basis. Plant height, basal girth (5 cm above the ground level), crown spread and number of branches were the parameters under the plant growth. After head back pruning of ber plants at 1.25 m height from the ground level in February recording of plant .hS t !6 FS lF{ rb- ,r4e .!$ rrt$ E S G0 i5v{8 DFo attributes was limited to basal girth and number of 6 Iod' primary branches. For kusum plants plant height and crown spread were also recorded along with Fig. 13. Soil moisture pattern in 0-60 cm under various basal girth and number of primary branches. conservatian trealments in mixed plantation of ber and kusum Soil moisture status Analyzing the moisture content level during the During the period, the highest soil moisture pre monsoon period (Jan-May), monsoon (June- content was observed under mulching treatment in Sep) and post monsoon (Oct-Dec) revealed that all the months. The mean moisture content value the per cent soil moisture content increases in -25.6 under this treatment ranged from 11.38 %. mulching over control and was found maximum The soil moisture content under the treatments (45.7 %) during post monsoon period followed by mulching (T) and half moon terracintglhalf pre monsoon period (36.6%). The least diflerence basin ring (T,) were found significantly superior in moisfure content increase in mulching over over control during the period January-May control was observed during monsoon period (8 and October-December (Table.7). During June- %). September (monsoon) all the treatments were at par with each other. The highest moisture content in mulching and half moon terracing was due to All the ber plants were pruned uniformly at 1.25 conservation of maximum rainwater in monsoon m from the ground level maintaining a single stem system during mid February. The maximum significant differences among the treatments. harvested biomass above the ground was recorded The trends in vegetative growth of ber plants under mulching (22.9 qlha) and the lowest in showed that all the treatments were effective in .4'*I ICAR control (12.3 o,lha). Thus an increase of 86.10/o inducing better vegetative growth than control. was recorded in case of mulching over control. This might be due to more moisture conservation O under different conseruation measures over O Table 8. Basal girth ofDer, under different conservation O control. Though, the incremental magnitude in c..t treatments in mixed plantation of ber and kusum plant height of kusttm was observed as 44.2, 34, a llonth I Plant basal girth (cm 39.8, 35.8 and 38.9oA in treatments T,, T,, T., T, E CD(P- T T. T. T T'j (Table \ 2 -r -.+ 0.05) and T, respectively 9 and Fig. l5). but no =c c Jan.08 11.10 18.31 16.21 16.51 15.83 NS significant difference was observed in various Feb. 08 1'7 .70 18.31 16.21 16.57 I 5.86 NS moisture conservation techniques adopted. Mar. 08 17.46 11.92 15.96 16.25 15.57 NS Table 9. Kusum plant height under different Apr.08 17.72 18.11 16.29 16.19 15.91 NS conservation treatments. May 08 18.74 16.31 16.81 16.04 NS ll.ll Month I Plant height (cm June 08 18.64 19.83 11.25 17.78 17.00 NS July 08 19.05 20.21 11 .42 1l .91 17.29 NS r, r. r. r1 r. :? Aug. 08 19.88 21.20 18.63 18.81 17.49 NS Jan. 08 115.50 128.75 155.00 113.25 85.50 NS '!l Sep.08 20.33 21.58 18.80 19.00 17.78 NS Feb.08 115.50 130.00 155.00 113.25 86.25 NS Oct. 08 21.90 23.90 20.10 20.20 19.20 2.48 Mar.08 116.50 131.25 155.00 113.25 87.00 NS Nov. 08 22.00 24.00 20.15 20.25 19.32 2.48 Apr.08 124.25 133.15 162.15 115.75 88.25 NS Dec. 08 22.05 24.08 20.25 20.38 19.63 2.72 May08 128.00 136.75 167.00 118.25 90.50 NS June 08 131.25 138.50 169.15 122.00 95.00 NS 7.0 July 08 I50.25 158.75 195.50 137.50 106.00 NS :e 6.0 Aug.08 153.75 162.50 201.50 139.25 110.25 NS Sept.08 156.25 166.25 204.00 143.50 110.25 NS E Oct.08 157.50 168.75 210.00 148.75 114.50 NS ;.^ 164.25 t Nov.08 111.25 214.75 152.50 118.75 NS Dec.08 166.50 112.50 216.75 153.15 118.75 NS

0.0 T3

230 00

Fig 14. Absolute growth pdttern in basal gifth of ber 200 00

C, recorded under mulching treatment (347.I cm) g0 00

whereas the minimum was recorded under control 50 00 a. Jan- Feb- liar- Apr flay- iun- lul- Aug- Sep- Od- Nov- Dec- (295.2 cm). Thus an increase of 51.9 cm (17 .6 %) 08 06 08 08 08 08 06 08 08 08 06 08 14onth5 = was achieved under mulching over control. At the time of pruning (February, 2008) the mean height F ig I 5. Ku s u m p I ant h e ight und e r diffe r e nt c o n s e r v atio n ts= O of the ber plants under mulching and control were treatments CD P = 296.9 and246.9 cm, respectively. Yield of inter-cropped urd (black gram) ct) = An increase of 3l.5Yo in absolute growth of basal Black gram was sown as intercrop @ 17.36 kgl c d girth was found in mulching as against 23.90 ha (0.25 kg per plot) in each replication of the -o c in case of control. Ber girth growth pattern and treatment To in the month ofAugust. The crop was absolute growth rate have been presented in Table harvested in early November and the grain yield 8 and Figure 14, respectively. was found to be 1.6 q/ha. Biomass (Roots + stalks + leaves) @ 16.4 q/ha was also obtained, which was Number of primary branches used over the soil surface to act as surface mulch Number of primary branches did not show in the plot. The intercropping with black gram in the system will help in improving soil condition, months after pruning. The observations indicate reduction in soil loss and employment generation wide variation in productivity of lac irrespective with extra remuneration to the farmers. of interval of pruining period (6 and 12 months). There was no lac production on one third trees despite inoculation of 1-3 kg broodlac per tree. Whereas in control where five ber trees were inoculated, neither much variation exists nor trees without lac production was observed. The productivity from ber trees was about 6.5 times to broodlac inoculated. The average weight of per meter broodlac was'7'7,65 and 64 gm from 6, 12, 18 months pruned siris trees respectively and weight of scraped lac was 46.8, 52.3 and 60.90/o respectively (Table 10). Higher proportion of scraped lac from higher age group oftrees is due to the fact that lac insect also settled on petioles due to insufficient availability of primary shoots. The petioles are tender and succulent, suitable for lac insect settlement. In control (ber trees), the average weight of per meter broodlac was 137 gm and proportion of scraped lac was 78.1% (Table 10). Table 10. Biological characteristics of harvested lac from sins andber trees during winter crop 2007-08 Host Age Average Total Weight Proportion group length of weight of of of scraped of trees broodlac broodlac scraped lac ('h) after (cm) sticks lac (gm) pruning (gm) (months) Slrrs 6 00 77 36 46.8 l2 00 65 34 52.3 l8 00 64 39 60.9 Ber 5 00 137 r07 78.1 Kusmi - summer crop (2008) was raised on 20 trees of sirls, l0 trees each with age group of 6 and 12 months after pruning prior to inoculation. Three trees of kusum were kept as control. The initial settlement density variations were 14-34 and 3-45 per square cm on trees pruned six and Fig 16. a) Ber plant under mulching trestment and 12 months prior to inoculation, respectively with b) ber plant under control an average of 26.I and 17 .5. The initial mortality was observed to be 10.5 and 143% with a range 1.3.2 Development of kusmi lac cultivation of 1.7-20.7 and 0-42.9Yo on six and 12 months technology on Albizia procera (Siris) old pruned trees, respectively (Table 11). The The experiment was carried out at Putidih village lac insects died on all 20 trees of sirrs during of Jhalda block in Purulia district (West Bengal). 3'd week of April, 2008. However, sirl's trees Winter crop 2007-08 was harvested from 25 trees identified earlier at Udeysur village, produced 8.5 of sirls, where 10 trees each were inoculated kg of broodlac by inoculating one kg broodlac, 6 and 12 months after pruning and 5 trees 18 indicating survival during summer season also. Table 11. Biological characteristics of lac insect on trunk diameter of 7.5 cm and 5-6 years old 15 cm siris and kusum trees during summer crop with around 25 ft height. The latter tree is capable

Age Range of Average Average Range ofproducing around five kg ofbroodlac per year TCAN, gr0up settlement settlement Initial of initial (Fig. 18). o) of trees density densify mortality mortality - after per sq. (%) (%) O€ O c\ pruning cm (monthl o o (D Slns 6 14-34 26.1 10.5 1.1- G 20.7 -= 12 3-4s 11.s r4.3 0-42.9 Kusum 18 43-91 66.9 6.1 5.3 7.2

Kusmi-winter crop 2008-09 was raised on 25 trees of sirls trees and five ber trees as a check. Out of 25 trees of siris,10 each were pruned six and 12 months prior to inoculation and five trees 18 months prior to inoculation. The observations were recorded for different biological characteristics and presented in Table 12. The observations revealed that the settlement density was significantly higher on ber shoots than sirrs Fig.17. I-ac encrustation on petiols and secondary (P<0.05). The initial mortality was significantly higher on sins (p<0.05) shoots with age group of six and 12 months old as compared to ber trees. No difference was found in sex ratio between sirrs and ber as well as between different age group of slrls trees. Table 12. Biological characteristics of lac insect on siris and ber trees during winter crop 2008-09

Age Range of Average Average Sexual Per gr0up refflemenf spfflpmcnl Initial stage cent Ct) of trees density density mortality mortality male = after per sq. (%) of lac insect pruning cm insect (month) (o/"1 co v) Slrr.i 6 6-39 23 22 ,6 21 18.5 21 CD 12 t2-33 25 20 20.6 c 18 t0-26 16 13 20.3 19 Ber 5 25-55 40 14 23.5 24 ts z. Monitoring of lac crop during first week of Fig.18. Five year old siris trees sttaineil a hight of 25 ft c) October 2008 indicated that lac insect also settles on petioles and development was found better 1.3.3 Collection, identification and ,= than on shoots. The average length of settlement assessment of diseases of commercial lac hosts cla was 22 cm out of total average length of petiole Three commercial lac hosts p alas, ber and kusum (25 cm). As the bark of the shoots are thick =.g and one potential host Flemingia semialata c and hard, the lac crawlers preferred to settle on were surveyed for their diseases and find out petioles (Fig.17). Though there was fall of leaflets wherever there was heavy encrustation on trees economically important ones. Institute Research but petioles remained intact on trees till harvesting Farm was monitored regularly for disease of mature lac crop. The observation on growth of progress. In addition to IRF, Putidih (Purulia) in tree indicated that two vear old trees attained a West Bengal and Dabgana and Chitramo (Khunti) in Jharkhand were surveyed during December, were found to be the most important diseases in 2008. Results are presented in Table 13. ber. Palas Normally only fruits were found infected with powdery mildew severity Leaf spots caused by Xanthomonas butae and with of 5-18 % in December, but at Putidih new leaves Phomopsis butae were found to be important were also found infected less o% diseases. with than I severity. Sooty mould caused by Cladosporium zizyphi Pycnidial leaf spot: it is caused by Phomopsis was found on leaves of 70-100 %o trees severity butae. The disease appeared during July-August with of 2-5o/o in December. The disease appears during and attained severity till November. About 25 %o January-February on the lower surface of the of the trees were infected with the disease. About leaves. Severity grows with time and becomes l0% trees were having more than 50 Yo of the more severe during March causing even leaf fall. leaf area covered with the disease. The disease normally appeared on older leaves. New leaves of Other diseases llke Cercospora leaf spot caused the tree having severe infection were completely by Cercospora zizyphi, Stem canker caused by free from the disease. All the trees were not Botryosphaeria sp were localized and severity equally susceptible to the disease. was also very low. Bacterial leaf spot: disease is caused by Kusum Xanthomonas butae. The disease appeared durile powdery mildew was observed at IRF with very July-Augustandattained severity till February. At low incidence and severi*. It was observed onlv mostsevere stagei'e' duringFebruary aboutl1oh at IRF. Since perfect stage was not noticed, it is of the trees were having more than 50 % of the being reported as Oideum sp. leaf areacovered with the disease. The occurrence of the disease was found widespread in Jharkhand Flemingia semialata andWestBengal.Itwasalsoobservedthatsmaller Stem canker caused by Botryosphaeria sp bushes were more severely attacted with disease was found with moderate intensity at Iftp and than the grown up trees. Chitramo (Khunti) in Jharkhand. Disease was Ber recorded during early July aflecting the nodes at aerial portion. Disease progresses from there Powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe zizyphi and and resulted in wilting of twig above the point sooty mould caused by Cladosporium zizyphi of infection. Disease incidence and severiry

Table 13. The types of diseases recorded on major lac osts and F. seminlata Disease Pathogen Status Palas Bacterial leafspot Xanlhomonas butae widespread Leaf spot Phomopsis butae Ber Sootv Mould Cladosporium zizvphi Severity-Moderate, widespread Powderymildew Erysiphe zizyphi Cercospora leafspot Cercosoora zimphi Severiw-Traces Stem Canker Botryosphaeria sp Incidence is about 5 o/o in August-September. Fresh infection almost stopped in October Kusum Stem blight Rosellinia bunodes I tree in IRF Powderv mildew Oideum so Flemingia semialata Leaf soot Phyllosticta sp Severitv-traces Stem Canker Botryosphaeria sp Incidence is about 5 %o in August-September. Fresh infection is almost stopped in October Fresh infection on soil line was recorded during November to December, increased till August and then new infections (3.66) increased the yield (brood/yield ratio). reduced. During December infection at soil level Management of sooty mould through fungicide was observed and it was more in fields havine r|'ry in kusmi lac in winter crop, 08-09 on ber ICAR irrigation. o) Similar experiment was laid out during winter - 1.3.4. Management of sooty mould, causing crop of kusmi lac on ber. Fwgicides were applied cf, C.J lac insect death and failure of lac crops four times on 13.08.08. 10.09.08, 26.09.08 and 24.10.08. Sooty mould growth was recorded on o The lac insect cell contains only three openings- o 04.11.08. Data reveals that all the fungicides E two anterior branchial pores (through which o reduced the sooty mould growth significantly. C respiration occurs) and one posterior anal c Hexaconazole was the most effective in reducins tubercular pore. The insect profusely produces the sooty mould growth (Table 15). honey dew during active feeding. This invites species of Capnodium, whrch grow profusely Table 15. Management of sooty mould through making a dense fungal mat that covers the lac fungicides on winter season kusmi lac crop raised on ber encrustation. This blocks and chokes the branchial pores and result in suffocation of the lac insects SI Fungicide Concentration Sooty mould No. (%) leading in their death and complete or partial failure of the lac crop. 1 Copper 2gllt 26.6 (30.8)x oxychloride Management of sooty mould through fungicide 2 Caplan+ 2glr 26.7 (30.8) in kusmi lac in summer crop on kusum Hexaconazole 3 Mancozeb 2.5gllt 25.1 (29.9) An experiment was undertaken in randomized 4 Metalaxyl+ 3g/lt 24.0 (28.9) block design to study the effect of fungicides on Mancozeb mould growth and on lac yield of kusmilac sooty 5 Hexaconazole 2.5mIllt 15.3 (22.6) during summer crop. Nine treatments (8 onkusum 6 Carbendazim lgllr 25.6 (30.1) fungicide formulations and control) with three I J Carbendazim O.2gllt 31.4 (34.0) replications (one tree per replicate) were taken. 8 Chlorothlonil 2.5gllt 34.2 (35.7) Fungicides were applied twice on 15.05.08 and 9 Control 50.2 (45.1) 11.06.08. Sooty mould growth was recorded on CD aI5o/o (11.2) 01.07.08. Crop was harvested on 21.07.08 and lac CD at 1%o (15.4) yield was recorded. The results are presented in * Value in parentheses is arcsine transformation Table 14. t/) Role of ants in development of sooty mould The eight fungicide formulations did not show c9 growth -o signiflcant differences on sooty mould severity c and insect morlality at maturity. However, Experiment was undertaken to know the role v) Carbendazim (0.2gll) (2.59) and Hexaconazole of ants in development of sooty mould growth Q Table 14. Management of sooty mould through fungicide on summer season kusmilac crop raised onkusum

CO (Brood L SI Fungicides Dose Sooty mould lnsect mortality Yield lac P= No. (%) (%) produced/used)

=. I Copper oxychloride 2s.llt 20.6 (26.6)* 4.4 r14 O - 2 Caotan i Hexaconazole 2ellt 8.4 (14.0) 84 0.94 .== J Mancozeb 2.5slIt 21.2 (27 .2) 58 0.99 t/) A Metalaxyl+ Mancozeb 3slh 19.4 Q5.2) 71 201 C. 5 Hexaconazole 2.5mlllt 26.3 (29.9\ 12.4 3.66 6 Carbendazim 1sllt 11.8 (16.7) 6.0 2.00 ' ;-i c 1 Carbendazim 0.2s.llt 10.8 r15.3) 3.8 2.59 8 Chlorothlonil 2.5s.llt 3.0 (8.4) 4.4 1.34 9 Control 13.3 (21.3) 9.3 1.30 CD at % NS 51 1.24 CD at % NS NS 1.10 @ * Value in parentheses is arcsine transfotmation on winter crop on ber. There were two sets of treated with potassium accumulated 2o/o lesser experiments. In one set, Institute's recommended dry matter during inoculation. Difference was plant protection measures (1 spray of endosulfan significant. It implies that potassium application * carbendazim followed by 2 sprays of nuvan * make shoots more succulent. carbendazim) was adopted (P-1) and in another Nitrogen application at 100 gl tree significantly set no protection measures was adopted (P-2). In reduced initial lac insect mortality by 5% both the sets of trees, on two branches ants were compared control, but further increase in doses not allowed (A-1) and on others two branches did not produce any significant impact. Insect ants moved freely (A-2). Two observations on mortality reduced with liming and K application sooty mould growth were taken at approximately and increases with P application, but diflerence monthly interval. The data was analyzed through was not significant. Potassium application t test in paired plot technique. Results indicates significantly increased male proportion (2%o), that visit of ants to lac encrustation resulted in which may be related to increased succulence. significant reduction in sooty mould growth Soil samples collected in Dec, 07 from all the both under P-l and P-2 conditions. Movement treatment sites were analyzed fromNHRDF, Nasik of ants were also recorded under both P-l and for residual N, P2Os, LO, pH, E.C., CaCO, and P-2 conditions and it was observed that under organic matter content of the samples as affected P-l condition 1.39 ants/ min were moving in the by liming, N, P2O5 and KrO application. Liming sample region on the tree trunk while under P-2 could bring a remarkable change in average values conditions, it was 1.11 ants/ min., showing the of all the parameters excepting that of CaCOr. protection method adopted did not significantly affect ant activity. Appreciable amount of residual effect was found with K application (7 .8 % over control). Residual values of RoIe of microenvironment on sooty mould growth nitrogen were also found high in case of higher rate In order to know the growth of sooty mould under of application (400 g/ tree). However application of P different microclimatic conditions of ber. two sets could not change in residual P level. of experiments were carried out at IRF. In one set Since liming is a very important factor governing (A), planting was dense (2 x2 m) and plants were availability of many other nutrients, which might chosen from the interior and in another set (B) have influenced tree growth in many ways, has plants was less dense and trees were chosen from growth the periphery. There were eight replications with affected lac negatively due to stiengthened one ber tree per replication. Observations of sooty defense mechanism of the tree. in the last season. mould severity were taken in the month of October Table 16. Plant growth parameters of ber as affected and November and results revealed that sooty by levels of liming, N, P and K mould growth was more (3I.3%) in less ventilated Chlorophyll content condition as compared to dense planting (17.6%). Shoot dry matter Factors index (CCf % (Aug) 1.3.5 Soil fertility management of ber 15 DAA | 30 DAA (2. mauritiana) for shoot growth and lac No lime 16.1 20.1 40.4 yield (aghani) Liming 17.2 24.4 40.9, CD,""., NS 3.65 NS The study was aimed to assess the impact of pH management and application ofNPK to established No t6.4 24.1 40.8 ber, on pruning response and winter kusmi crop Nroo 16.4 19.4 4t.I yields. Soil pH under each treatment was estimated t6.l 23.8 40.s and lime requirement was calculated and proper \oo liming was done in June. N, P and K fertilizers \oo t7.6 22.8 40.2 were applied in July on rings as per schedule. The CD.^" NS NS NS results are presented in Tables 16-18. Po 16.6 21.4 40.5 Only CCI was affected significantly due to P,ro 16.6 23.7 40.9 liming in the month of August. In treated trees CD,^^.. NS NS NS I8.I% increase in CCI values was observed as compared to untreated. Significant difference in q 16.3 23.2 4r.l shoot % infected with shoot borer was observed K,ro 16.9 2l.g 39.6 due to liming and3.2o/o shoots were infected with CD,"".. NS NS NS the borer as compared to 1 .5%o in control. Trees x DAA: Days After Application Table 17. Kusmilac insect parameters during winter season 1.3.6 Production of quality kusmi broodlac as influenced by levels of lime, N, P and K, on ber at Institute Research Farm Initial Initial settlement/ Factors l/Ialeoh mortality oh sq cm tcit Il Under Revolving Fund Scheme (RFS), a total No lime 28.2 86.6 14.1 o) of 3589.7 kg broodlac was produced during the Liming z).2 90.3 t4 O O year 2008-09 and Rs 2,69,627 have been earned c{ CD,ool NS NS NS o as revenue from the sale 2321.9 kg broodlac a of No 25.9 88.9 t4.3 -= and 161 kg sticklac to different projects/farmers/ N,oo 20.9 89.7 14.1 c entrepreneurs. About 500 kg of phunki lac Nroo z | -) 89.2 14.2 Nroo 32.8 85.9 14.9 collected from kusumlber trees is in the stock. cD,oo' 2.01* NS NS Closing balance of the scheme during the year was Rs 20.59.045. p 'o 2s.9 88.8 14.1 P,ro 27.5 88.1 14.0 Summer season (jethwi) crop CDroo' NS NS NS A total of 1838.6 kg broodlac was produced under

Ko 28.1 86.2 15.8 Revolving Fund Scheme (RFS) on kusum during

K..^ 2s.3 90.1 12.9 summer sea son (j et hw i) crop in July / August 2 00 8. cD,"^.. NS NS 2.65* This includes:423.1kg of Gumla stock, 343.5 kg Table 18. Winter kusmi lac survival and termite of ber stock, 130.5 kg of Kulajanga stock, 320.0 kg infestation, as affected by levels of liming, N, P and K ofmix stock,5i7.5 kg ofNawadih and104.0 kg of Factors o/o branches Termite Length of Percent with dead lac infestation coverage shoots Bandgaon stock. 880.5 kg of broodlac (worth Rs. on branches % by termite infested l, 14,465) has been sold to needy farmers / NGOs of basal per tree with diameter (m) in borer and347.4 kg (worth Rs. 45, 162) prdvided to the October externally funded projects / Institute projects for <1.0 >1.0 Sept. Oct. experimentation. About 610 kg broodlac has been cm cm inoculated on berl khair trees / bushes. Details of U) No 57.5 4.8 33.3 342 ).tz 15 = lime the Balance Sheet are provided in the table given C5= Liming 58.3 2.5 42.3 37.1 3.86 3.2 c below: v) cD(oo' NS NS NS NS NS 1.62* C. Winter season (aghani) crop 6 CD No 5t.2 2.9 36.0 28.3 2.1 2.0 E A total of l75l.l kg broodlac was produced CO Nloo 51.2 5.4 39.6 40.3 4.01 2.3 under Revolving Fund Scheme (RFS) on ber Nroo 57 .l |.7 21.3 31.3 3.11 2.3 during winter season (aghani) crop 2008-09. =.l+ Nooo 66.1 4.5 48.3 42.6 4.01 2.8 o) This includes 240.0 kg of ber stock,427.6 kg of ? cDroort 1o.o* NS NS NS NS NS = .=P Gumla stock, 148.2k9 of Kulajanga,394.I kg of ct) Po 51.4 3.6 42.3 40.1 3.91 2.2 Nawadih, 443.0 kg of Bandgaon and 80.8 kg of - P,ro 58.4 3.6 33.3 31.1 3.01 2.5 € mix stock. About 1100 kg broodlac worlh of Rs = cDloo' NS NS NS NS NS NS 1,10,000 has been sold to needy farmersA.{GOs.

Ko 60.2 2.9 40.2 38.8 3.82 z-+^^ About 650 kg broodlac have been inoculated on K,ro 55.6 4.3 35.4 32.4 3.16 z-3 kusum trees during summer season (jethwi) crop cD,oo$ NS NS NS NS NS NS 2009. Balance Sheet of Revolving Fund Scheme for 2008-09 Corpus / Capital Fund & Liabilities Current Year Previous Year Capital Fund

(a) As on 01.04.2008 1721 193 (b) Net Pro{it/Loss from P& L A/C 235145 1962938.00 1721r93.00 O O Reserve 000 000 O

Earmarked/Endowment Funds 000 000 o o Current Liabilities & Provision E. (a) O/S Worker's Share 96r01 96107.00 59714.00 c C (b) Others 0 TOTAL 205904s.00 1786907.00

Assets Fixed Assets 000 000 Investments 000 000 Endowment Funds 000 000 Current Assets. Loan & Advances (a) O/S Credit Sales 0 (b) Loans to RFS : II 100000 (c) Cash in Bank 1959045 2059045.00 1786907.00 TOTAL 2059045.00 1786907.00

Profit & Loss Account for the Year ended as on 31.3.2009 (Amount in Rupees) A. CREDIT Current Year Previous Year Income from Sales/Servrce 000 000 (a) Cash sale of (i) Broodlac 25138'7 (ii) Sticklac 31560 288941.00 l13465.00 (b) Credit Sales (i) Institute 0 (ii) Broodlac 0 (iii) Sticklac 0 0.00 74985.00 c/) Income from Rovaltv. Publications 0.00 000 E C5= Interest Earned 57910.00 000 c Other Income 000 0.00 (o c/) Prior Period Income 000 000 '6c ct) TOTAL 346857.00 188450.00 IT

B. DEBIT Current Year Previous Year = Cost of Sales : = (a) Labour Charges 48419 (b) Contingency (Seeds & Other) inputs) 26240 (c) Travelling Allowance 0 .== c/) (d) Others 0 14119.00 74533.00 c O/S Worker's Share 36393.00 59114.00 E -o.(o Miscellaneous Expenses 0.00 000 Depreciation 000 000 Prior Period Expenses 000 000 TOTAL 111112.00 134247.00 Bulance being surplus/deficit curried to Corpus/Capital Funds 23s745.00 54203.00 Receipt Current Previous Payments Current Previous Year Years Year Year I Opening Balances Expenses {E a) Cash in Hand 0 Labour IC* 0 a) Charges 48419 68205 b) Cash in Bank b) Contingency 26240 6326 o) o 1n cuffent accounts T6T1922 1672990 c t Travelling Al lowance 0 0 @ O in Deposit accounts (STD) 0 0 d) Others 0 0 e{ ln savlng accounts 0 0 . 2 Cost of Sales 363932 1t3465 2 lnvestment & Deposits E a) Investment 0 0 b) Loans 0 100000 c c) Advances 0 0 3 Interest on Term Deposit 519r0 0 3. Closing Balances a) Cash in Hand 0 0 b) Cash in Bank 1959045 r6lt922 rn curTent accounts 0 0 in Deposit accounts 0 0 rn savlngs accounts 0 0 c) in transit TOTAL 2033764 1786455 TOTAL 2033764 1786453 Production of quality kusmi broodlac at Institute Comparative performance of different Research Farm productive kusmi breeds on kusum Expenditure lncome Maintenance and multiplication of productive Item Amount Item Amount kusmi breeds of lac insects was carried out under (Rs.) (Rs) RFS. Record maintenance of individual kusum Labour 48479 Sale of Broodlac 251381 tree was initiated from this year to assess the CB (Purchase 26240 Sale of Sticklac 31560 comparative performance of different productive ofpesticides kusmi breeds on kusum during summer season etc. (jethwi) crop and identification of good yielding TA 0 Interest eamed 51910 trees. Obseruations recorded are shown in Table on STD t9. Other items 0 Any other 0 Total 14119 Total 346851 Table 19. Comparative performance of different productive kusmi breeds on kusum during summer Profit season (jethwi) crop. ct) Workers' E Lac insect No. of Broodlac Broodlac Output Yield share and C-l= itock trees inoculated harvested / Input per tree -o establishment C. (ks) (ks) ratio (ks) charges c/) Kulajanga 21 54.1 130.5 2.386 6.214 C. Net Profit @ Nawadih 99 241.2 517.5 2.093 5.221 CD t-Y- Ber 58 132,1 343.5 2.589 5.922 Description of Reserve growth during 2008-09 E Bandgaon 28 46.0 104.0 2.261 3.714 ltems Withdrawls Item Balance Gumla 64 142.9 423.1 2.961 6.611 co= (Rs.) (Rs) = Mix 78 198.5 320.0 L612 4.103 Expenditure 6141 t9 Opening 00 Total 348 822.0 1838.6 2.237 5.283 OJ during the year Balance Effect of irrigation on lac yield during summer .== Less workers' Income 346851 <4 seqson share and during the z establishment year Summer irrigation (about 500 lt / tree) was € charges provided to five kusum trees during April - May Transferred to at weekly interval. Broodlac output to input PPD RFS ratio showed a marked improvement (Table 20) Total Total 346851 in comparison to unirrigated trees. However, Closing the sample size was very small, selection of Balance trees was not random and input-output ratio of broodlac on some of the trees under un-irrigated of herbicides and repeated after 34 and 45 days conditions was also atpar with the irrigated trees. of planting, respectively. Weeds were removed Therefore, the experiment needs to be repeated manually in weed-free treatment. keeping in view the above three observations. Glyphosate was found to be superior to all tested Table 20. Effect of irrigation on lac yield during herbicides showing 80.51 and 77.54Yo weed summer season control efficiency (WCE) at pre and post planting of F. semialata, respectively which were at par with all non selective herbicides and weed free treatment (manually).The weed control effi ciency in ber plantation for pre and post application of herbicides was almost similar to that of ,E semialata plantation. 1,.3.7 Evaluation of potential herbicides An experiment was also conducted in RBD for weed management in seminlata and. ber replicated thrice in one year old established plantation plantation of ,E semialata. Herbicides were During the period under report five experiments applied one week prior to kusmi lac inoculation were conducted to evaluate potential herbicides thereafter 45 days after inoculation. The weed for weed control and their safeW to lac insects and control efficiency of different herbicides varied host plants. from 35.98 to 70.54%o at pre-inoculation whereas at post-inoculation stage varied between 44.27- New Pluntationz Expt.I: Effect of pre and post 84.30%. The highest being in case of glyphosate planting application of herbicides (monsoon) on (7 0 .54 and 84.30o/o) which was 1 | .7 3 and 7 .6oh growth of weeds and host Flemingia semialata. lower than that of weed-free treatment (82.7 Expt.II: Effect ofpre and post planting application and9l.90o/o) at pre and post-inoculations stages of herbicides on growth of weed andhost Ziz ip hu s respectively. mauritiana. Application of herbicides on one-year-old -E Established plantationz Expt.III a; Effect semialata plantation, resulted in some mortality of herbicides on shoot growth and lac yield of host plants which varied from 2.56-18.38%. (aghani) of F. semialata; Expt.III b: Evaluation The highest plant mortalify was observed with of herbicides (pre and post inoculation) against glyphosate/atrazine treatment and least in weed kusmi lac insects (aghani) on F. semialata; Expt. free; under unweeded condition mortality was IV: Effect ofpre andpost application ofherbicides observed to the tune of 3.84 per cent. (monsoon) on shoot growth and lac yield (katki/ Effect of herbfui.des on soilflora aghani) of Z. mauritiana. The study related to quantification of microbial there were seven treatments which In total population in lac hostplants rhizosphere indicated included five herbicides i.e. paraquat @0.4kgail that all the herbicides had a depressive effect on 1.0 kg ailha, Glufosinate 1.0 ha, Glyphosate @ @ the soil microbial (fungal) population within kg ailha, Atrazine 2.0 kg aiha and @ Quizalofop- 5 days of herbicide application and thereafter p-ethyl one weed free (manually) @0.2kgailha, there was a build-up of soil fungal population. and one unweeded as control. In Expt.III b, only The highest depression of fungal population at 5 six treatments including five herbicides and one DAS was recorded with glyphosate (0.5x10-6 lg unweeded control was undertaken. oven dry soil) treatment while the highest build- Effect of herbicides on weed suppressinn up of fungal population at 45 DAS wrthparaquat Nursery raised seedlings of E semialata and (2.92xI0a /g oven dry soil) where as atrazine @ ber were transplanted in the field after 20 and 2.0kgai/ha did not show any appreciable increase 24 days of imposition of pre-planting treatment in fungal population at 45 DAS. Effect of herbicides on lac insects 1.3.8 Development of lac production system An experiment was laid out in RBD with six using high density ber plantation under treatments, replicated thrice in established semiprotected condition plantation of E semialata to evaluate herbicides In view of the satisfactory growth of the plants of (pre and post inoculation) against kusmi lac the high density plantation of ber raised in2006. insect (aghani). It was recorded that herbicides Out of 536 plants in four strips 165 plants, with application in established plantation of E basal diameter >2.5 cm were selected for pruning semialata at pre-inoculation stage had no adverse (Fig. 19). One set of 88 plants in two alternate effect on the lac larvae and host plants. The lowest strips were pruned head back in the first week of mortality recorded with glufosinate (9.77%) March and the remaining in April. The former set followed with glphosate (ll.I4%) while in case of plants was used for raising the winter kusmi of control it was II.79% which were statistically and the latter for summer rangeeni lac crops. atpar. Mulching was done in mid February with dried All the seven treatments as mentioned above paddy straw. Flood irrigation was provided as were imposed in the established plantation of ber per requirement. Vermicompost was applied @ plants and have been inoculated withkusmi strain 113 kg per strip of the plants, in mid May. Soil of lac insects for raising winter season lac crop samples were collected for analysis to evaluate (aghani). change in fertility status. Composition and relntive weed frequency of In response to pruning, the mean length of shoots flora produced per plant was 2.0m (range: 0.8-2.75 Study on weed flora in five lac host plantations m) and the mean number of shoots generated were also carried out during rainy season and per plant was 2.9 (range: 1-5) in Oct. The high weeds were identified, categoized and their density plantation of ber was thus ready for relative frequency was determined (Table 21). initiation of lac cultivation in about two vears Table 21. Important weed species present in different lac host plantations and their relative frequency during monsoon season

Setaria verticillata (L.)

Digitaria s anguinalis (L.) Andropogan gayanus Cynodon dactylon (L.) Sc c harum sp ont aneum (L. ) Brachiaria remosa Eleusine indica Echinochloa colonum

Ageratum conyzoides (L.) 29.70 52.00 3.64 s3.34 A lt ern anthera sessilis 22.86 1.00 7.27 Emelia sonchyfolia 8.57 1.98 10.00 8.0 Spilanthes acumella 39.60 8.00 5.33 Luduingia octovalvis 1.98 20.0 Commelina benghalensis (,.) 11.43 1.00 7.00 1.82 P hy I I anthus niruri (L. ) 4.0 Stellqria media 6.93 2.0 s.33 Scoparia dulsis s.94

Cyperus iria (L.) 3.0 25.45 Cyperus rotundus 2.0 10.91 3.64 after establishment and about 57o/o plants could and income security and employment to farmers. be brought under lac production. The remaining Based on the above concept a representative Lac plants will also be brought under cultivation from Integrated Farming System is being developed in subsequent crop season. a suitable area of IRI (Fig. 22). About 1.7 ha of land has been earmarked, which contains about The winter kusmi (aghani) lac crop was raised 1.0 ha upland (tanr) and about 0.7 ha lowland on 129 plants in two strips, both pruned and (doan) inplot nos.22,23,35,36,37 and 39. The unpruned plants with inoculable shoots, using 12 principal thrust of this system is to superimpose kg brood lac of late kusmi breed in March. The lac production and other agricultural technologies lawal emergence from the broodlac was good but over the existing basic cropping style/preference satisfactory settlement of emerging larvae could of local farmers as well as soil conditions and not be achieved due incessant rains during the land topography. The cropping systems have been period. But satisfactory survival and growth of chosen in the light of existing farmers' practices the settled larvae was recorded subsequently. and interests as well as recommended varieties/ technologies. The summer rangeeni (baisakhi) was raised in the third week of October on l7 6 plants in two strips The agriculture enterprises to be integrated are: of plants using 30 kg. broodlac. The settlement, . Foodcropsandvegetables:Rice(transplanted survival and growth of the lac crop were very and upland); Maize, Ragi and Tuber crop good till the end of period under report (Fig. 20). (kharifl; Niger, Barley and Bengal gram (r ab i) ; Vegetables (z aid). . Fruit trees: Aonla, guava and citrus/papaya . Lac: Ber, Palas, Kusum and E semialata . Fisheries: short-term, during monsoon I * + rt a l} + r3 I * +

+ + + a + + + I + +

jl + rl a I + r* I 13 +

+ + + I + + + I + + Fig. 19. View of the high density plantation of ber after * + * a t + * a I + pruning of two strtps + + + I + + + I + +

r* + i] I * + * a ll +

+ + + a + + + I + +

rt + I I rr + * I * +

Fig. 21. Lay-out of the field plot offruit trees and lac hosts at Institute Resesrch Farm (Aonla ()k) ; Guava (*); Papaya(t*) ; Ber (t) The components of LIFS in farmer's fields will Fig, 20. Kusmi winter crop density on ber in high be farmer-specific, depending on the nature and plantation the area of the land, farmers' interests as well as 1.3.9 Development of Lac-integrated Farming other resources. The model being developed is envisaged as a representative one, demonstrating System at Institute Research Farm the benefits of such systems. Lac Integrated Farming System (LIFS),aims at The work done during the period under report interlacing of mutually beneficial farming and included development of the total area earmarked other components including lac into the existing for the model with development of i) 4 bunds, ii) regional cropping system to attain food, nutritional water harvesting pond (cap.: about 1600 cu.m.), iii) drainage channels and iv) two jalkundas (3 x Aonla(Kanchan + NA7) : 10 x 10 m ; 18 1.5 x 1m). Guava (Allahabad Safeda): 5 X 5 m; 27

B e r and s e rh i a I at a plants were p I anted as p er I ayout. Papaya (Surya): 2.5 x 5 m;34 Borders of upland (about 20o/o) was earmarked for the lac host ber and bunds for semialata. The Ber (local cultivar): 10 X 10 m; 20 crops raised were as follows: upland rice (800 sq F. semialata: 0.5 X lm; 780 m), transplanted rice (1800 sq. m), ragi followed Fisheries: Three varieties of fishes (silver carp, by ragi (1600 sq. m) and colocasia (local). rohu andkatla,300) were introduced in the water For lac-horticulture integration, lac host plants harvesting pond in August. were introduced in the inter spaces of fruit trees, It is envisaged that introduction of lac would in a compatible mode. An area of 2500 sq. m. was providing taken for this purpose and the lay out and planting improve profitability besides system of the trees are given below: employment. In the model about 8.5% of the total land and 15.8 % of the medium land has been used Spacing of the trees, variety and number of plants for lac cultivation, which is projected to increase in the plot: the net profit by abofi 60Yo.

Figs. 22. Views of the LIFS model laid out at the IRF. 2.1 Synthesis and Product Development 2.1.2 Comparative evaluation of physico- 2.1.1 Synthesis of thiosemicarbazide and chemical anti-infla atory and thiodiazole from aleuritic acid and testing hypolipidemic properties of oleog resins its activity as antifungal,/hypoglycemic/ from Boswellin senala, Comrniphora mukul antinemic d Cornmiphora wightii

Thiadiazole was prepared from natural lac resin Exudates of oleogum-resin from different climatic following organic synthesis route. The sequential zones such as Boswellia sercata from Hyderabad reaction steps followed are mentioned below : (Andhra Pradesh), Jabalpur (Madhya Pradesh) and Vadodara (Gujarat); Commiphora mukul Lac resin + Aleuritic Acid Methyl from Anjar (Gujarat) and Commiphora wightii aleuritate Hydrazide of aleuritic acid I - from Ajmer (Rajasthan) were procured. Thio- semic arbazide I Thiadiazole Extraction of exudates of Boswellia seryata from The aleuritic acid prepared from lac resin has m.p. Jabalpur (Madhya Pradesh) and Commiphora 100-1010C. The solid methyl aleuritate obtained (Gujarat) polbr has yield of 80% and m.p. 68-69oC, IR-1742 mukul from Anjar with organic solvent (ethyl acetate) were carried out to obtain cm-1 indicating the presence of ester group. The yield of hydrazide of aleuritic acid was found to the desired resin. The yield of the resin was found be 85%. The compound has melting point 138- tobe 66%o.It was a light brown coloured powder, 1390C and IR-1672cm-r confirming the presence soluble in alcohol. The product has melting point of C:O of amide group. The thiosemicarbazide 108-1100C, moisture percent 0.7, ash present obtained has m.p. I22-1230C and yield 90o/o.The 0.42, acidvalue 52.82. The DSC analysis of the final compound thiadiazole of aleuritic acid was extracted resin was also carried out. characteized by FT-IR, which has yield of 409/o . 2.1.3 Synthesis of hydrogel from macacia and gum karaya comparative D e riv ativ e of thi o s e mic arb azid e for their evaluation in drug release. The hydrazide of aleuritic acid was converted into 4-ethylphenyl thiosemicarbazide, Samples of different grades of gum karaya were 4-bromophenyl thiosemicarbazide and collected from Girijan Cooperative Corporation 2-methylphenylthiosemicarbazide of aleuritic (GCC), Vishakhapatnam (Andhra Pradesh). Gum acid as solid ( m.p. I4l-420C, 147-l48oC) and knraya was purified by dissolving it in distilled liquid, respectively by adopting the above method water at room temperature. It was crystallized for preparation of the thiosemicarbazide. The by manipulating its pH. The samples were dried compounds were characteized by their spectral in hot air and at room temperature. Yield of the data (FT-IR) where as their purity were confirmed purified gum karaya in powder form was 60% by thin layer chromatography (TLC). (Fig.23). 2.1.4 Screening of bioactive compound synthesized from aleuritic acid.

The following bio-active compounds were o) synthesized from aleuritic acid to evaluate their O respecti ve bio-activities. O c.lO . 1,9-Nonanedioldiacetate o o) ctr . Thiocarbamate of aleuritic acid

c= . c 9-Hexadecenolide . 10 - Carboxymethyl 2 - decenoic acid (PGR) FiS 25. Photograph ofpurified gum karaya . Samples of Gum acacia were purchased from the Trizole ofazelaic acid market. Gum acacia was purified by dissolving The compounds 1, 9-Nonanediol diacetate in cold distilled water, crystallizing, anddrying in and 9-Hexadecenolide were purified by vacuum. Yield of the pure gum acacia in powder distillation under reduced pressure, where as form was found to be 60 %. Differential Scanning 10-Carboxymethyl-2-decenoic acid by Column Calorimetry (DSC) analysis of the purified gum acacia revealed a sharp single peak for the purified Chromatography and Trizole and Thiocarbamate sample in contrast to the multiple peaks exhibited o f aleuritic ac id by crys tallization. The synthe s i s o f by the crude one (Figzq. the compounds were confirmed by their respective IR Spectra. Purity of the compounds were routinely checked by thin layer chromatography. 2.2 Surface coating and Use diversification 2.2.1 Development of surface coating formulations based on shellac synthetic resin/polymer blends

Blending of shellac with rosin was done at seedlac stage to see the effect of adulteration of rosin on shellac and changes in the physico-chemical Crude gum acacia properties of shellac over a period of time. Button lac of four different compositions of shellac and rosin blends were made by the local manufacturer (Fig. 25). Physico-chemical properties like flow, life under heat, colour index, acid value, saponification value, wax content and impurity of the blended products were determined. It was observed that by increasing the quantity of rosin in the blended products, flow, life under heat and acid value increases while colour index, wax content,

aiti ki! nc., r.trd lrEo.i.h:. Lai *dMl.t h:+, id.a a/drr saponification value and impurity decreases. Flow (fluidity) and life under heat of blended Purified gum acacia compositions increased about 650/o and ll5Yo Fig 24. Thermogram of DSC of crude and puified gum acacia respectively to that of pure shellac by replacing 30% shellac with rosin. Decrease in impurity and wax content with increasing rosin ratio may be because of absence of impurity and wax in rosin. Colour index decreases with increasing ratio of rosin, because of pale colour of rosin. Blending of shellac with rosin was studied with the help of Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). It was observed from the spectra that peaks of shellac broadened and flattened by reacting with rosin Fig 25. Button lac of different compositions and fully disappeared as concentration of rosin Blending of Shellac with Novolac is increased, indicating cross-linking reaction Attempts were made to blend shellac with novolac between shellac and rosin at melt temperature. (a synthetic resin-formed by the condensation of Samples of shellac and rosin blends were further phenol and formaldehyde under acidic conditions) studied for their different physico-chemical in order to achieve improved properties in resultant products as compared to pure shellac and novolac. properties after an interval of four months during Blending of shellac with novolac was done in storage. Except no in floq appreciable change solution medium at ambient temperature. It was the properties of shellac and shellac, rosin blends observed that shellac is compatible with novolac. were observed. It was observed that flow of Various combinations of shellac-novolac blends shellac (100%) decreased by 17% over a period of were tried and their surface coating properties like four months while 26%,3IYo and>3lyo decrease heat and water resistance, gloss, scratch hardness, in flow was observed in shellac : rosin blends of flexibility and impact resistance were studied as per standard procedure. was observed that 70:30,50:50 and 40:60 respectively (Table 22). It except gloss, all the properties of shellac were Table22, Physicochemical properties of shellac rosin deteriorated by blending with novolac. As the blends ratio of novolac was increased, gloss of blended products increased but resistance to water and heat decreased. Films of blends developed on Impurity I 1.05 0.76 0.61 0.50 (%) glass slides blushed early compared to those of pure shellac. Scratch hardness decreased with the Wax(%) | 3.25 2.30 1.98 Could increase in concentration of novolac. No marked not be change in impact resistance and flexibility was detected observed after blending with novolac. Howeveq when the films were baked at elevated temperature (at 150+50C for 15 min), Flow | 69 113 >125 >125 improvement in the properties ofblended products (mm) was obseryed. No effect of water was noticed on the films of shellac novolac blends (up to 50:50) Life I 62 133 >150 >150 till 7 days. Scratch hardness and gloss was also (min.) improved as compared to unbaked films of the Colour I 8.0 5.0 4.0 3.6 same composrtrons. index Development of shellac based dental plale

Acid value I 69.00 102.7 118.96 127.7 Dental base plates are used to replace missing teeth just like a false teeth. The plates are used as . Value I 227.5 220.0 209.0 208.0 an intermediate in prosthesis. After checking in the patient's mouth and possible corrections, the I -Initial values, II- Values after interval of four base plates are replaced with synthetic resins. The months base plates are plastic compositions comprising of shellac, fillers and colouring matter. The base gum can be used as a source ofL-arabinose. The plates can be easily softened over a flame and gum yields 28.2% of furfural (dry basis). moudeled to the desired shape. Upon cooling, the Gum ghatti is not completely soluble in water plate base retains its shape to form a strong and and insoluble in 90Yo alcohol. In solution the dimensionally stable intermediate base for the molecules may have an overall rod shape of lo/o prosthesis. dispersion of the gum has a pH of 2.63 and no A number of different shellac based compositions buffering activity. The viscosity of solutions of of dental plate samples were developed and their concentrations 10%, 5%o and llYo are 2,288 and properties were evaluated (Fig 26). Encouraging 2,444 centi Poise, respectively at250C and 30 rpm. The solutions attain their maximum viscosity at results were obtained after testing of the samples. pH 8.0 and drops sharply on both sides. It has good Further, efforts were made to develop the base emulsi$uing properties. It does not form a true gel. plates in commercial system of manufacturing Films prepared from gum ghatti dispersions are to see its commercial feasibility. The plates were relatively soluble and brittle. The adhesiveness of developed through a firm in Delhi and twenty gum ghatti dispersions is similar to that of gum three tests like heat stabiliry colour stabiliry Arabic and better than those of babul and khair resistance solubiliry to climate changes, strength gum. of the plates, plates softening, mouldability etc. were carried out. The properties ofthe plates were Karaya gum : Karaya gum or Indian tragacanth found to be very good. Storage stability test (shelf is obtained from Sterculia urens tree. The gum life) of the plate samples is being studied. The in the natural state is irregularly shaped pieces, sometimes its appearance is like They are firm desired for transfer of its technology. wofin. white or pinkish-brown in colour and generally striated. It may contain 12-14% moisture and less than lYo insoluble ash. Karaya gum is a partrally acetylated complex polysaccharide. The molecular weight is around 9,500,000. It contains approximately 8oh acetyl groups and around 37oh wonic acid residues. Its acid number has been found to vary from 13.4 to 22.7.The molecular structure is still incompletely known. It absorbs water very rapidly and forms viscous dispersions at low concentrations. Normal Fig 26. Dental plate viscosities of gum karaya dispersions range from 2.2.2 Documentation and characterization of about 400 centi Poise for a 0.5Yo concentration physico-chemical properties of plant based to 10,000 centi Poise for a 3%o dispersion. In gums of commercial importance dilute solutions up to 0.5% the viscosity increases linearly with concentration. Thereafter, gum Documentation of information available on karaya dispersions behave as non-Newtonian phy si.co-chemical properties literature : from solutions. The swelling behaviour of gum Karaya Gum ghatti : Gum ghatti also known as Indian is caused by the presence of acetyl groups in its gum, is an exudate fromAnogeissus latifuliatree. structure. Chemical de-acetylation through an It occurs in rounded tears 0.5-1.0 cm in diameter alkali treatment results in a water-soluble gum. orlarger vermiform varying in colour from nearly The normal pH of l%, gurm karaya dispersion is white to dark brown. about 4.5-4.7 . De-acetylation occurs above pH 8, Analysis of gum gave moisture 15.8%o; pentosan resulting in an increase in viscosity and degree of 26.3%; methyl pentosan 7 .6%; galactan I6.4%;N ropiness. Because of the high uronic acid content,

0.99%; ash 3.0% and riboflavin68.92 pglg. It has gum karayaresists hydrolysis in 1 0% hydrochloric a molecular weight of approximately 12,000. The acid solution at room temperature for at least 8 h. The viscosity development depends on particle maximum viscosity at pH 7.0 to 7.5. Beyond size, the smaller the particle size, the higher the these limits, whether on the acid or alkaline side, viscosity of gum solution. Gradual increase in the viscosity falls. A blend of tamarind kernel temperature from 20 to 850C of fully hydrated gum powder and xanthan gum has been found to have a karaya decreases the viscosity. Boiling reduces synergistically high viscosity in aqueous solution. the viscosity of the solutions. Solubility of gum Tamarind seed polysaccharide forms gels over increases along with the reduction in viscosity a wide pH range in the presence of high sugar by cooking its suspension under pressure. In this concentrations (765 wt.Yo), and it can therefore manner, solutions of concentrations as high as 15 substitute for fruit pectins. to l8o/o, can be prepared. The viscosity decreases Salai gum: Boswellia serrata tree, commonly upon the addition of acid or alkali.. The viscosity as 'Salai' is native to India. The tree on of the solution remains constant for several days. known oleo-gum-resin as It loses its viscosity-forming abiliry when stored tapping exudes an known 'Dhup',' Frankincense','Indian in dry state; the loss is greater for a powdered Indian olibanum' guggal'. is light yellowish to brownish material than for a crude gum. Cold storage or Salai It inhibits its degradation. It forms smooth films. yellow to brown in colour. The gum oleo-resin The gum exhibits strong wet-adhesive properties consists of essential oil, gum and terpenoids. The at concentrations 20 to 50Yo in water. terpenoid portion contains the boswellic acids. The average composition is moisture 10-I lYo;volatile Tamarind gum: Tamarind gum is the pulverized oll 8-9%; rosin 55-57o/o; gum 20-30yo, insoluble tree endosperm of the seed of tamarind matter 4-5%. The constituents of gum oleo-resin (Tamarindus indica). The tamarind fruit contains can be separated either by steam distillation or seeds 33.9% by weight. The seed has about 70% solvent extraction followed by steam distillation. endosperm enclosed by about 30% seed coat or testa. The endosperm powder, also known as The physico-chemical properties of the gums tamarind kernel powder (TKP) is creamy white to separated bV (I) steam distillation and (II) solvent light tan in colour. It has a fatty taste and odour. extraction followed by steam distillation are It has a tendency to lump. The composition of respectively as follows : yield 30.0% and34.0Yo; tamarind kernel, the source of gum, resembles the moisture content, 4.0 and8.5o/o, Petroleum ether: cereals: 15.4 to 22.7% protein, 3.0 to 7.4%o oll, chloroform (1:1) extract 4.65% and 10.60/o; crude 0.7 to 8.2o/o crude fibre, 65.1 to 72.2oh nonfibre fibre 3.42o/o and 3.95o/o; Ash content 7 .52%o and carbohydrates,2.45 to 3.3o/o ash, all measured on 8.29%; viscosity (15% solution by Red Wood a dry basis. Tamarind gum polysaccharide, the Viscometer),85 seconds and 150 seconds; purified product is a free-flowing, pale, creamy adhesiveness good and very good; constituents white powder without taste or odour. of sugars glactose, arabinose in both the gums.

Chemically tamarind kernel powder is highly Analysis of purified gum gave acid insoluble ash branched carbohydrate polymer. The molecular (0. 8 5 %), Nitro gen conte nt (0 .7 5oh), methoxy value weight of the polymer is probably between (3.8%), Pentosan content (18.88%), equivalent 52,000 and 56,000 though some studies show the weight 844, specific rotation +350 and uronic acid weight as high as 1,15,000. Tamarind gum has anhydride (30.9%). Hydrolysis of the pure gum been hydrolyzed with fungal enzymes as well as yields mainly pentoses (65Yo as arabinose) with with acids. Metal complexes are formed when an a high proportion of arabinose . Galactose and aqueous solution of the polysaccharide is treated xylose are present only in small quantities. The a solution a metal hydroxide or an alkaline with of gum, insoluble in alcohol forms a thick mucilage salt. with 3 parts of water. Apaste of 25%o solution has Tamarind gum hydrates quickly in cold water, but shown excellent adhesive property to paper slip. reaches maximum viscosity after boiling for 20 to Study on phy sicochemical propertie s 30 mins. These solutions exhibit a non-Newtonian flow and are pseudoplastic. Tamarind gum The physico-chemical properties of different gum polysaccharide is more soluble but still requires samples were studied. The results of preliminary some heat. A tamarind sum solution attains its measurements are siven in Table23 and24. Table 23. Physicochemical properties of natural gums sl. Gums Bulk density Moisture Loss on Acid Ash Nitrogen Dielectric No of powdered content at drying insoluble content content strength ICAR sample 65% RII (1100c) matter (Breakdown (g/cc) o) voltage) O (Yo\ (%) (%) (%) (o\ (Kv/cm) @ O I BaLrul gum 0.88 6.09 8.50 0.86 1.11 0.00 8,7 N 2 Khair gum 0.91 6.42 8.86 0.64 2.0s 0.00 8.4 o CL J Karaya gum 0.89 8.80 11.27 2.40 0.00 7.6 o) 1.50 ctr 4 Gum ghatti 0.93 6.0'7 8.02 2.72 2.t0 O.ss 5.8 Salai gum* 0.74 5.82 c 6.',|2 20.2 C 6 Tamarind gum 0.61 4.58 5.60 23.) 3.70 2.74 J I Gum component of oleo-gum-resin Table24. Adhesive property of natural gums.

sl. Gum samples Stress at Auto Energy to Break Strain atAuto No. MPa Break Point Break (J) (J) (%) 1 Babul g:um (Acacia nilotica') 31.886 0.1 82 0.773 2 Khair gum (Acacia catechu) 3r.498 0.254 1.013 3 Karaya gum (Sterculia urens) 39.2s4 0.361 t.173 4 G,rm ghatti (Anogeissus latifolia) 37.066 0.496 1.337 5 Salai gum* (Boswellia serrata) t7.309 0.047 0.389 o Tamarind gum (Tamarindus indica) 28.28r 0.128 0.645 xGum component of oleo-gum-resin Perusal of data from Table 23 indrcates that at 2.2.3 Preparation and market evaluation 65% R.H., the moisture content and loss on of heat and water proof shellac varnish for drying are comparatively more in karaya gum. wooden surface and air-drying type shellac The gum component of Boswellia serrata and based glazing varnish. tamarind gum show high value of acid insoluble The above project was undertaken under revolving matter. Tamarind gum also shows comparatively fund scheme of the Institute, to popularize the high value of nitrogen content. Table 24 shows products developed by the division and assess the adhesive properties of different gums. The the response of the users.. Lac Wood Shine c/) E results indicate that karaya gum and gum ghatti (earlier known as melfolac) 75.2 lit (Rs.7990) C5 have better adhesiveness. and Lac Glaze (earlier known as multi pulpose E glazingvarnish) 12.0Lit. (Rs.2280) was sold from The wide angle x-ray diffractograms of the above U) different platforms. Practical demonstrations '6 gum samples were studied. The diffractograms were carried out with a view to popularize both Ect) in general, show halos around 20-40 indicating the lac based varnishes at various places such as their amorphous structure (Fig 27). at the offices of Director (Works), ICAR, New z. Delhi, Regional Representative for South Asia, |+ O World Agro-forestry Centre, New Delhi; M.D. ct) P JHASCOLAMPF, Ranchi; Second-in-Command, .= Deep P Ordnance UnitNo.23, Namkum, Ranchi and c,/) c proprietors of Wooden furniture/metal ware shop s at Ranchi. Popularization drive varnishes .co for c amongst the proprietors of Wooden fuiniture/ metal ware shops in Saharanpur, Moradabad and Bareilly (Uttar Pradesh) was also undertaken. A small model door of 1xll2 ft. was prepared and varnished with Lac Wood Shine for displav Fig27. X- ray diffractograms of different gums purpose. Comparative evaluation of the properties such the above varnishes using various proportions of as heat resistance, water resistance, gloss, drying urea as well as thio-urea are mentioned in Table time, acid value, scratch hardness and flexibility of 25-28. marketed products like Wudfin and Touch Wood Ithas beenobservedthatthere was an improvement vis-d-vis our Lac Wood Shine and Lac Glaze was in the water resistance property of all the vamishes o) O carried out. It has been found that properties like up to 7 days except borax based varnishes. Films of @ o borax based varnishes leached out from the glass water resistance, gloss, acid value and scratch c...l slides as they came into contact with water. hardness of Touch Wood is better than Lac Wood Impact o resistance failed for all the varnishes. Scratch Shine and are in the following order :- Touch E hardness varied from 1.800 kg to 1.900 kg in case Wood>Lac Wood Shine>Wudfin. c of 3o/o urea treated varnishes and was above 2.000 c= 2.2.4 Comparative performance of water kg for 3% thio-urea treated vamishes. In case soluble lac varnishes and their keeping of 4o/o and 5o/o urea as well as thio-urea treated quality by using different alkalies. varnishes the scratch hardness varied from 0.800 kg to 2.000 kg. Flexibility property passed for all Treutment of water soluble lac based varnishes the resultant vamishes. The gloss was found to be with urea as well as thio-urea maximum 85o/o in case of triethanolamine based varnish treated with 4%o thio-urea and minimum Water soluble lac varnishes based on ammonia, 16%o for borax based varnish treated with 3o/o morpholine, triethanolamine and borax using urea on the wt. of shellac. Again 3%ourea as well ordinary shellac in place of dewaxed lac were thio-urea on the wt. of shellac has been observed prepared. Surface coating properties of films were to possess better properties in comparison with studied after treatment of the varnishes with 3o%, the other percentages of urea and thio-urea. Cost 4o/o and 5o/o wea as well as thio-urea on the wt. of calculated to be the lowest (Rs.39l1t) for ammonia shellac. Before testing the film properties of above based 3%o wea treated varnish while the highest resultant varnish (coated) M.S. panels and glass cost (Rs.57llt) in case of triethanolamine based slides were baked at 100+20C for one and half an water soluble lac varnish treated with 5% thio- hour in an oven. The average film properties of all urea on the wt. of shellac.

Table 25. Properties of varnish consisting 3Vo area on the wt. of shellac. Formulation Properties Water resistance Impact Scratch Flexibility Gloss 7o Cost of varnish/ resistance hardness litre (Rs.) Ammonia No effect up to 7 days FAIL .800 kg PASS 51 39 Morpholine No effect up to 7 days FAIL .850 kg PASS 7s 48 Triethanolamine No effect up to 7 days FAIL .900 kg PASS 62 s2 cn Borax Leached out the film within FAIL .850 kg PASS 16 51 C-l half an hour c Table 26. Properties of varnish consisting 4Vo urea on the wt. of shellac. v) Formulation Properties 'aC. Water resistance Impact Scratch Flexibility Gloss 7o Cost of varnish/ Gct) resistance hardness litre (Rs.) Ammonia No effect up to 7 days FAIL 1.450 kg PASS 56 39 P Morpholine No effect up to 7 days FAIL 1.150 kg PASS 61 48 z. Triethanolamine No effect up to 7 days FAIL 0.800 kg PASS 50 52 + o Borax Leached out the film within FAIL 0.800 kg PASS 16 51 CD half an hour .= Table 27. Properties of varnish consisting SVo vrea on the wt. of shellac cct) Formulation Properties c .g Water resistance Impact Scratch Flexibility Gloss 7o Cost of varnish/ resistance hardness litre (Rs.) c Ammonia No effect up to 7 days FAIL 0.850 kg PASS 38 40 Morpholine No effect up to 7 days FAIL 1.300kg PASS 58 49 Triethanolamine No effect up to 7 days FAIL 2.000 kg PASS 38 53 Borax Leached out the film within FAIL 1.1 00 kg PASS 21 52 half an hour Table 28. Properties of varnish consisting 3% thio-urea on the wt. of shellac Formulation Properties Water resistance Impact Scratch Flexibility Gloss 7o Cost of varnish/ PTB resistance hardness litre fRs.) Ammonia No effect uo to 7 davs FAIL Above PASS 65 4l o) O 2.000 ke O Morpholine No effect up to 7 days FAIL Above PASS 16 50 c.J 2.000 ks c) Triethanolamine No effect up to 7 days FAIL Above PASS 68 o E 2.000 ks (o Borax Leached out the film FAIL Above PASS tl )J C= C within half an hour 2.000 ke

2.3 Processing and Storage water at 350C, melting point 2380C with charring. Its absorption maxima are at291.2 and 489.5 nm 2.3.1 Establishment of commercially viable m water. pilot plant for preparing pure/food grade lac dye Another sample of commercial lac dye from Tajna Shellac Pvt.Ltd. , Khunti was procured and lac dye, including Installation ofpilotplant ofpure purified and both the sample were sent to Sriram insulation of acidification and crystallization Institute for Industrial Research for estimation of tank and chilled water circulation pump has metals, which are shown in Table 29. been completed. The testing of crystallization Table 29. Presence heavy metals/non in lac unit was carried out for checking its ability to of metals dye maintain lower temperature and to maintain the Metals Pure from Purified dye (lab) from temperature below 100C inside the unit, when pilot plant in Tajna Shellac Pvt.Ltd., ppm khunti, in ppm room temperature was higher (370C).

A trial run was carried out on the pilot plant for Nickel z).) 3.8 the preparation of pure/food grade lac dye. The Lead 11.3 12.0 wash water (3000 liters) from 200 kg kusmi Chromium 261.1 18.0 sticklac was collected, acidified in acidification Magnesium 26.4 5.4 Iron t072.0 44.8 tank, allowed to settle and decanted. The decanted Arsenic 0.03 0.03 water was filtered through sparkler pressure filter Cadmium 0.09 BDL* and collected in processing tank where calcium Mercury BDL* BDL* c/) salt of lac dye was precipitated and allowed to * Limit of detection 0.02 ppm settle. The supematant liquid was decanted and the C-5 -o calcium salt was filtered and washed. The calcium Heat stability of pure grade lac dye c salt was transfered to crystallizing tank, where it c/) Study on heat stability of lac dye was carried c was acidified and kept for a week at (5+20C). The (t) out in buffer solution at pH-3, 5,7, and 8 and CD ar dye (technical grade) thus obtained was filtered temperatures 600C, 700C and 800C in hot air oven -= under vacuum and washed. Technical grade lac i.e. using indirect heating. The concentration of lac F= dye (yield 4309,0.21% on the wt. of sticklac) was dye in the solution was 0.06 mg/ml and buffered =. further dissolved in alkaline water in a dissolution with citric acid and sodium hydrogen phosphate tank and the insolubles were filtered off. The (NarHPO,,). It was observed that lac dye solution filtrate was acidified to pH 2.0 and filtered again = was stable at pH 3 and 5 up to 800C (tested for .t and the filtrate brought crystallization tank c/) to two hours) but at pH 7 and 8 it was not stable. The C. was cooled to 50C and fuither acidified where it rate of degradation increased with increasing pH to pH below 2.0 and kept for crystallization for a -- and temperature. Therefore, it is concluded that C. week. The pure dye was vaccum filtered, washed lac dye degradation is more depended on pH than and dried. The yield of pure lac dye was 1309, temperature. 25o/o onthe wt. oftechnical grade lac dye. The pure dye is soluble in Dimethyl formamide (DMF). The same study was also carried out by direct The dye has ash content 0.87%; volatile matter heating using water bath up to 72 hr at pH 3, 5, 11.37% at 1350C, solubility in water 0.13gli00g 6, 7 and 8 and at temperatures 60, 70 and 800C. Lac dye solution in buffer was found to be stable index and surface coating properties of sticklac at pH 3 and 5 before and after heat treatment but (ari and phunki), seedlac and shellac samples not in the case of pH 7 and 8. Degradation trend were measured at an interval of 3 months during of lac dye was observed to be similar to the case storage under different conditions. Sticklac of indirect heating. samples were stored under four different methods (EF), Use of Lac dye as food colour in meat product viz. spreading on earthen floor spreading on cemented floor (CF), inside gunny bags(GB) The lac dye, a natural colour is reported to be and in plastic bags (PB). Similarly, seedlac was used as food additive in meat products. Keeping stored on cementedfloor (CF), inside gunnybags this in view, an experiment was conducted to (GB), inside plastic bags (PB) and inside metal evaluate the effect of lac dye in emulsion based containers (MC), where as shellac was stored meat product namely, chicken nugget. Total ten methods spreading on formulations were prepared to evaluate the effect under five different viz. (CF), gunny (GB), of lac dye as food additve. The quantity of lac cemented floor inside bags dye was varied from 4 ppm to 100 ppm with a inside gunny bags with cotton lining (GBc) , in control (having no additive at all) and a standard plastic bags (PB) and under cold storage (CS). (having sodium nitrite as additive). Studies The changes in different parameters of sticklac were carried out using Lovibond tintometer and with time for different methods of storage are sensory evaluation scores, the result indicated depicted in Figure 28. It was observed that hot and 25 ppm in that addition of dye between I0 to cold alcohol insolubles increased with time for the emulsion is appropriate for chicken nugget. all the methods of storage. Hot and cold alcohol Microbiological study of the samples revealed insolubles were found higher in samples stored that lac dye gave better result in comparison to in plastic bags and on earthen floor compared to sodium nitrite against bacterial growth in both other methods of storage. Very little difference in emulsion and cooked product. the value of flow was observed between different 2.3.2 Storage loss assessment for lac and lac methods after one year of storage. Sticklac based products samples stored on earthen floor exhibited better Different quality parameters viz. moisture life and colour of products. More degradation in content, hot and cold alcohol insolubles, heat properties was observed in case of phunki sticklac polymeization time, flow, rate of filtration, colour compared to arl sticklac

40 35 +t 30 +EF ---l-cF 25 ---+-cF Ezo --+-GB €rs --+-GB --x-PB *sl'o -+e- PB

0

16 70 14 60 +EF 12 EF 50 x 10 +cF --+-cF €8 ^40tr :6 --+-GB E30 --+-GB !+ FB EroJ10 PB

E2 0 0 69 Slorage period (Months)

Fig 28. Changes in different properties of sticklac (ari) wilh time during storage I 45 7 40 2t 6 +cF <-cF 5 30 --r-- GB +GB 4 ^25E FB 3 E20 PB --->i- irt Ers ---x-MC -8i2 f,ro El o 0

20 80 18 70 16 60 14 +cF -+ cF 50 r12 --{- GB ---r- GB €10 9oo .s8 PB PB 5o Ero .** MC -+r- E4 E20 MC o2 I10 0 0

Storage perlod (Months) Storage period (Months)

Fig 29. Changes in different properties of seedlac with time during storage

Tabte 30. Surface coating properties ofshellac after L year ofstorage Parameters Storage methods CF. GB GB(C) PB CS Gloss 9.7 10. I I1.8 16.8 6.2 Scratch hardness 600 s00 600 400 300 Impact resistance Fail Pass Pass Pass Fail Water resistance Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Heat resistance Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Flexibility Flexible Flexible Flexible Flexible Flexible Fig 29 shows the variation in diflerent quality parameters of seedlac during storage. The figure 1.9 indicates that that the qualities of seedlac samples 1.8 --.-CF stored on cemented floor and inside gunny bags --+-GB were better than those of other samples during 1.7 GB (c) storage. Seedlac stored on cemented floor --i<- FB t'u -it+cs retained maximum properties after 1 year of -g E storage. Storage in metal container resulted in 1.5 maximum loss in properties. In case of shellac, 36912 perbd life (min) and flow (mm) of samples stored under Slorage ltonths) cold storage in refrigerator and inside gunny bags

(with cotton lining) were found higher than other 50 samples after I year of storage . 45 () +cF 35 --r-GB Different surface coating propbrties of shellac 30 samples are given in Table 30. Gloss was found €zs GB(c) 520 highest in samples stored in plastic bag and lowest -+(-FB in cold stored samples. Scratch hardness was also 9ro'15 cs 5 lowest for cold stored samples. Impact resistance 0 failed for cold stored samples and samples stored on cemented floor, wheras it passed for other three methods Training was imparted to an entrepreneur from Purulia (West Bengal) on production of aleuritic in the pilot plant (Fig 31). --.-cF acid ---+-GB 2.3.4 Design and development of seedlac dryer 330 GB (c) E -re- PB Design and development of Centrifugal Seedlac Ero J --;x-CS Drier - A centrifugal drier (Fig 32) of capacity 10 10 kg/batch has been designed and fabricated 0 03691215 and tested for its suitability to fit in the package Storage period (Months) of machines of Small Scale Lac Processing Unit (100 kg/day). The drier was able to brought Fig 30. Changes in properties of shellac with time moisture content from 35o/o to l0o/o in 2 minutes during storage at 570 rpm. 2.3.3 Establishment of commercially viable pilot plant of aleuritic acid for training, demonstration and process refinement Performance evaluation of the aleuritic acid pilot plant (capaciry: 2 kglbatch) was carried out. The functioning of various equipments in the pilot plant v2., dissolution vessels, filter presses, tray dryer, pulverizer etc. was checked and suitable modifications were made wherever required. The speed (rpm) of the feed pumps in the filter presses was reduced from 135 rpm to around 75 rpm for proper filtration. Trial runs were conducted on the drier pilot plant to evaluate its performance. Aleuritic Fig 32. Centrifugal acid (technical grade) was successfully produced P erformunce Evaluation of c entrifug al s e e dluc in the plant with a yield of approximately 16.5%o of drier: The developed centrifugal seedlac drier the weight of seedlac. Melting point of the product was tested at diflerent drum speeds (475, 576, was determined and found to be around 92-93"C- 712.5 and 855 rpm) for drying washed lac. For conducting the trail 10 kg seedlac sample was subsequent trial experiments, aleuritic acid In taken and its moisture content was determined. (technical grade) was manufactured in the pilot The sample was immersed in water in a tub for The saponif,cation plant using cotton filter cloths. one hour. The wet seedlac was transferred in a provided time was 10 days and no agitation was cloth bag and water was allowed to drain. When during the period. The yield of aleuritic acid the self draining of water stopped, sample in bag (technical grade) was approx.19% of the weight was transferred to the drier for drying. The drier of seedlac. The melting point and acid value of was operated and sample mass was determined aleuritic acid was found tobe 92-93oC and 178.6, after operating drier for at every minute for 10 respectively and it's purity was around 96.5% rninutes. The moisture content of the samples ftased on acid value). were then determined for each observation which is presented in the Table 31 and Fig. 33. As the drum speed is increased the moisture removal rate also increases, but the difference is not much i.e. after 1 minute as drum speed increases from 475 to 855, the moisture removal per cent increased from 14.5 to 19.2 o/o. However, at higher drum speed there is increase in vibration and machine needs to be designed and fabricated more precisely. Hence, the drum speed of 576 rpm is recommended without compromising much in Fig 31. Training on Aleuritic acid production in the moisture removal rate but reducing vibration level pilot plant in machine and simpler design and fabrication. It can be observed from Table 31 and Fig. 33 that 2.3.5 Establishment of pilot plant for even after 1 minute of operation the moisture dewaxed bleached lac (40 kg cap) for content of the seedlac is brought down from training, demonstration process initial 27-29 yo to 9.3-12.6 %. Thus such drier and will be very helpful in reducing the drying time refinement. requirement of seedlac. A pilot plant of bleached lac (Fig 34) of capacity Table 31. Bffect of centrifugal drier drum speed on 40 kglbatch has been installed. It consists of moisture removal of washed lac dissolution tank, bleached tank, brass wire mesh Moisture content of washed lac, o/o (d. b.) at different drum speed screen, washing barrel and circulatory pump and 475 rpm | 576 rpm 1712.5 rom 855 rnm a sparkler fllter. A trial run on the pilot plant was 28.9 28.8 28.5 carried out with 10 kg of seedlac. Problem of 11.8 9.6 9.3 choking of valves and difficulty in de-waxing of 11.2 9.2 8.6 bleached lac 10.9 8.9 8.3 solution was encountered. The wax 10.6 8.1 8 content of prepared bleached lac was 0.8% (BIS r0.4 8.5 7.8 standard - 0.5% max.). Use of sparkler pressure 8.4 7.8 filter during trial was found to bring down the 8.2 7.7 wax content to 0.260/o. However. whole lot could 8.2 7.1 8.1 7.6 not be filtered due to slow rate of filtration and 8 7.6 frequent chocking of filters.

--+- Drum speed 475 rpm + Drum speed 576 rpm

" Drum speed 713 rpm + Drum soeed 855

Mosture content (d.b.), % 012345678 Time, min Fig 34. Pilot plant of bleached lac Fig 33. Performance of centrifugal drier Training was imparted to an entrepreneur from Purulia (West Bengal) on production of aleuritic in the pilot plant (Fig 31). --.-cF acid ---r-GB 2.3.4 Design and development of seedlac dryer 3so GB (c) --i+- FB Design and development of Centrifugal Seedlac Ero J --x-cs Drier - A centrifugal drier (Fig 32) of capacity 10 10 kg/batch has been designed and fabricated 0 03691215 and tested for its suitability to fit in the package Storage period (Months) of machines of Small Scale Lac Processing Unit (100 kg/day). The drier was able to brought Fig 30. Changes in properties of shellac wilh time moisture content from 35Yo to I0o/o in 2 minutes during storage at 570 rpm. 2.3.3 Establishment of commercially viable pilot plant of aleuritic acid for training, demonstration and process refinement Performance evaluation of the aleuritic acid pilot plant (capacity: 2 kghatch) was carried out. The functioning of various equipinents in the pilot plant v2., dissolution vessels, filter presses, tray dryer, pulverizer etc. was checked and suitable modifications were made wherever required. The speed (rpm) of the feed pumps in the filter presses was reduced from 135 rpm to around 75 rpm for proper filtration. Tiial runs were conducted on the drier pilot plant to evaluate its performance. Aleuritic Fig 32. Centrifugal acid (technical grade) was successfully produced P erformanc e Evuluation of centrifug al s e e dluc in the plant with a yield of approximately l6.5Yo of drier: The developed centrifugal seedlac drier the weight of seedlac. Melting point of the product was tested at different drum speeds (475, 576, was determined and found to be around 92-93"C. 712.5 and 855 rpm) for drying washed lac. For conducting the trail 10 kg seedlac sample was subsequent trial experiments, aleuritic acid In taken and its moisture content was determined. (technical grade) was manufactured in the pilot The sample was immersed in water in a tub for The saponification plant using cotton filter cloths. one hour. The wet seedlac was transferred in a provided time was 10 days and no agitation was cloth bag and water was allowed to drain. When during the period. The yield of aleuritic acid the self draining of water stopped, sample in bag (technical grade) was approx.19% of the weight was transferred to the drier for drying. The drier of seedlac. The melting point and acid value of was operated and sample mass was determined aleuritic acid was found tobe 92-93oC and 178.6, after operating drier for at every minute for 10 respectively and it's purity was around 96.5% minutes. The moisture content of the samples ftased on acid value). were then determined for each observation which is presented in the Table 31 and Fig. 33. As the drum speed is increased the moisture removal rate also increases, but the difference is not much i.e. after 1 minute as drum speed increases from475 to 855, the moisture removal per cent increased from 14.5 to 19.2 0%. However, at higher drum speed there is increase in vibration and machine needs to be designed and fabricated more precisely. Hence, the drum speed of 576 rpm is recommended without compromising much in Fig 31. Training on Aleuritic acid production in the moisfure removal rate but reducing vibration level pilot plant in machine and simpler design and fabrication. 3.1 Human Resource Development lac. Atotal of 876 farmers from 14 districts of four states namely Jharkhand, Orissa, Chhattisgarh 3.1.1 Training, demonstration, extension and West Bengal participated in this programme. education and information service on lac A summary of different prograrnme is given in culture, processing and product development. Table 32.It is evident that maximum participation The Institute conducted different types of training was from Jharkhand followed by Chhattisgarh, programme as per need of the stake holders Orissa and West Bengal. pertaining to scientific lac cultivation, processing and utilization. The Institute continuously assessed the need of stake hoiders and modified the programmes accordingly. Besides in-campus programme, many field out reach activities in terms of training, technical guidance, lac crop monitoring were also undertaken. F armers' and Hous ewives' training programme

This one-week programme mainly covered lac Expert imparting training to the farmers and cultivation, processing at farm level and uses of housewives in IRF

Tahle 32. Farmer's training programme on scientific lac cultivation, processing and, utilization

Month Course Sponsoring Organization State Period No. of No. narticinants January 1 TRIFED, Orissa. Orissa 14-19 January,2008 50 2 TRIFED -Kalamandir, Jharkhand 2l-25 January,2008 24 East Singhbhum TRIFED, Purulia West Bengal do 7 3 TRIFED, Sundargarh Orissa 28 Jan- 2 February 2008 50 February 4 KGVK, East-Singhbhum Jharkhand l1-16 February 2008 18 5 Chhattisgarh Tribal Development 18-23 February 2008 Programme, Pathalgaon, Jaspur Chhattisgarh 51 6 Janamitram Kalyan Samiti, Raigarh Chhattisgarh 25 Feb-1 March,2008 38 March 7 DHAN Foundation, Latehar Jharkhand 10-15 March,2008 l3 Society for Integrated Development, Jharkhand do 2l Ranchi 8 DistrictCo-operative,Department, Jharkhand 17-20 March, 2008 39 Ranchi April 9 Jan Jagran Kendra, Ranchi Jharkhand 31 March- 5 April,2008 ZJ 10 Jan Jagran Kendra, Ranchi Jharkhand 15-19 April, 2008 29 Mahila Jagriti Samiti, Samlong, Jharkhand do 40 Ranchi. May 11 DistrictCo-operativeDeparhnent, Jharkhand 5-9 May, 2008 2l Ranchi 12 District Co-operative Department, Ranchi Jharkhand 13-17 May, 2008 l5 13 ChhattisgarhTribalDevelopment Chhattisgarh 12-17 May,2008 t7 Project, Ambikapur Private Jharkhand do 2

ICA.R 14 Jan Jagran Kendra, Ranchi Jharkhand 26-31May,2008 14 o) June 15 Jan Mitram Kalyan Samiti, Raigarh Chhattisgarh 9-13 June, 2008 44 - Private Jharkhand do I O O 16 VICAS, West Singhbhum Jharkhand 16-21 June,2008 36 c\ P Society for Integrated Development, Jharkhand do 19 o Ranchi (D E 17 Society for Integrated Development, Jharkhand 23-28 June,2008 8 c ' Ranchi c= c TRIFED, Orissa Orissa do 39 July 18 TRIFED, Orissa Orissa 30 June-5 July, 2008 5l 19 VICAS,WestSinghbhum Jharkhand 14-19 July,2008 35 ZllaPanchayat, Kanker Chhattisgarh do 1 Private Chhattisgarh do 2 September 20 ATMA, Iamtara Jharkhand 1-6 September, 2008 10 2l Forest Department, Korba Chhattisgarh 22-27 Sept,2008 JL VICAS, West Singhbhum Jharkhand do 10 Private Jharkhand do 3 October 22 District Co-operative Deparlment,Ranchi Jharkhand 20-25 October, 2008 15

November 23 Private Jharkhand 3-7 Novembea 2008 2 24 VICAS, East Singhbhum Jharkhand 10-15 November, 2008 8 25 DistrictCo-operativeDepartment, Jharkhand 17-19 November, 2008 )z Ranchi 26 MECON, Ranchi Jharkhand 24-29 November, 2008 1 December 21 District Co-operative Dept. Jharkhand 15-20 December, 2008 8 Khunti 28 Dstrict Co-operative Dept. Jharkhand 22-27 December,2008 18 Khunti Adivasi Chhatra Sangh Jharkhand do l3 Dstrict Co-operative Dept. Jharkhand do 3 Ranchi.(MESO.Project ) 29 Society for Human Development and Chhattisgarh 29 December- 2 January, l c,/) Educational Research, Raipur 2009 E (-'= Total 876 -o Educational programme on Lac production, Pradesh and Mandsaur Institute of Technology, = (One v) processing and uses week): Mandsaur, Madhya Pradesh have undergone one 'a week training in lac cultivation, processing and The agriculture graduate students fromAllahabad its utilization (Table 33). A total of 80 students Agricultural Institute (Deemed University), were educated throush four courses under this Uttar Pradesh, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, programme. Banaras Hindu Universitv. Varanasi. Uttar = Table 33. Educational programme (One-week) on lac production, processing and utilization cL) Course Sponsoring Organization State Period No. of .== No. narticinants CA c 1. Institute ofAgricultural Sciences, BIIU, Uttar Pradesh 19-24 15 c Varanasi May,2008 2. Allahabad Agriculture Institute (Deemed Uttar Pradesh 26-31 13 c = University), Allahabad. May,2008 3. Mandsaur Institute of Technology, Madhya Pradesh 13-18 21 Mandsaur October, 2008 4. Allahabad Agriculture Institute (Deemed Uttar Pradesh 29 Dec,08-3 Jan, 31 University), Allahabad. 2009 Total 80 Expert imparting training to the Students in IRF Expert imparting training to students for preparation of lac based products

Experts imparting training to trainers of different organizations

Trainer's training programme on scientific lac Minor Forest Produce (Trade and Development production, processing and uses Federation Ltd), Raipur have undergone Trainers' training programme District Rural Agriculture Extension Officers, on Scientific method of lac cultivation, production, processing Agriculture Development Officers and and utilization. A total of 366 trainers have completed this course unemployed educated rural youths designated as through 18 courses (Table Lac facilitator, sponsored by Chhattisgarh State 34).

Table 34. Trainer's training programme on scientific lac production, processing and utilization for Chhattisgarh state Course Sponsoring Organization District (Forest Client Period No. of No. Division) - State participants 1. Chhattisgarh State Minor Forest Bilaspur, Rural Agricultural 31Dec,07 13 Produce (Trade and Development Rajnandgaon, Extension Officer & -5 January Federation Ltd), Raipur Raipur, Ag. Development 2008. Mahasamund Officers 2. Chhattisgarh State Minor Forest Rajnandgaon, Rural Agricultural 7-ll January, Produce (Trade and Development Raipur, Extension Officer & 2008 12 Federation Ltd), Raipur Bilaspur, Ag. Development Korba Officers 3. Chhattisgarh State Minor Forest Rajnandgaon, Rural Agricultural 14-19 22 Produce (Trade and Development Raipur, Extension Officer & January 2008 Federation Ltd), Raipur Kabirdham, Ag. Development Surguja Officers 4. chhattisgarh state Minor Forest Raipur, Rural Agricultural 2l-26 1g Produce (Trade and Development Bilaspur, Extension Officer & January 2008 Federation Ltd), Raipur Surguja, Ag. Development Janjgir Officers 5. Chhattisgarh State Minor Forest Raipur, Rural Agricultural 28Jan-2 25 Produce (Trade and Development Bilaspur, Extension Officer & February Federation Ltd), Raipur Surguja, Ag. Development 2008. Janjgir, Officers o) O Koriya. O 6. Chhattisgarh State Minor Forest Raipug Rural Agricultural 4-8 29 O c.J Produce (Trade and Development Surguja, Extension Officer & February Federation Ltd), Raipur Janjgir, Ag. Development 2008 o E Koriya, Officers Jashpur, =c c Raigarh 1. Chhattisgarh State Minor Forest Surguja, Rural Agricultural 11-16 17 Produce (Trade and Development Janjgir, Extension Officer & February Federation Ltd), Raipur Jashpur, Ag. Development 2008 Raigarh Officers 8. Chhattisgarh State Minor Forest Korba, Rural Agricultural 18-23 16 Produce (Trade and Development Surguja, Extension Officer & February Federation Ltd), Raipur Jashpur, Ag. Development 2008 Raigarh Officers 9. Chhattisgarh State Minor Forest Bilaspur, Rural Agricultural 25 Feb 1 1l Produce (Trade and Development Surguja, Extension Officer & March,2008 Federation Ltd), Raipur Raigarh, Ag. Development Kanker, Officers Dantewara 10. Chhattisgarh State Minor Forest Surguja, Rural Agricultural 3-7 March, 15 Produce (Trade and Development Raigarh, Extension Officer & 2008 Federation Ltd), Raipur Kanker, Ag. Development Dantewara. Offrcers 11. Chhattisgarh State Minor Forest Korba, Rural Agricultural 10-15 13 Produce (Trade and Development Surguja, Extension Officer & March,2008 Federation Ltd), Raipur Kanker. Ag. Development Officers 12. Chhattisgarh State Minor Forest Kanker, Rural Agricultural 16-21 5 Produce (Trade and Development Surguja, Extension Officer & June, 2008 Federation Ltd), Raipur Raipur. Ag. Development Officers 13. Chhattisgarh State Minor Forest Bilaspur, Rural Lac Pacilitator 3-9 4l Produce (Trade and Development Marwahi, (unemployed rural November, Federation Ltd), Raipur Raigarh, graduates) 2008 Janjgir-Champa Dharamjaigarh Korba, Kathghora 14. Chhattisgarh State Minor Forest Beejapur, Rural Lac Facilitator 10-16 35 Produce (Trade and Development Sukhma, (unemployed rural November, Federation Ltd), Raipur Dantewara, graduates) 2008 Jagdalpur, Rajnandgaon, Durg 15. Chhattisgarh State Minor Forest Mahasamund, Rural Lac Facilitator 17-22 9 Produce (Trade and Development Narayanpur (unemployed rural November, Federation Ltd), Raipur graduates) 2008 I6 Chhattisgarh State Minor Foresl Jashpur, Rural Lac Facilitator 24-29 35 Produce (Trade and Development Manendragarh, (unemployed rural November, Federation Ltd), Raipur Koriya, graduates) 2008 South-Surguja, East-Surguja, Kavardha, Dhamtari t7. Chhattisgarh State Minor Forest Raipuq Rural Lac Facilitator t-6 )i Produce (Trade and Development Khairagarh, (unemployed rural December, Federation Ltd), Raipur South- graduates) 2008 Kondagaon, North-Surguja

18. Chhattisgarh State Minor Forest Kanker, Rural Lac Facilitator 8- 13 30 Produce (Trade and Development North- (unemployed rural December, Federation Ltd), Raipur Kondagaon, graduates) 2008 Narayanpur, Bhanupratapur, Udanti, Mahasamund Total 366 Field out-reach programme : from this programme. Maximum participation was from Raipur district Chhattisgarh, On - Farm training on scientific cultivation of of followed Narmada district, Panchmahal lqc by district of Gujarat, Balasore district of Orissa, A total of 18 camps were conducted in Godhra district of Gujarat, Korba district of collaboration with other organizations in Chhattisgarh and Surat district of Gujarat. The Chhattisgarh, Orissa and Gujarat covering details of training prograrnme conducted have representation of more than 60 villages of seven been presented in Table 35. districts. A total of 2,167 farmers benefitted Table 35. On-farm training programme on scientific lac cultivation

Sponsoring/ Venue Dated No. of Nominatins Asencv (Village, Block) Participants I Godhra- Gujarat Gujarat Forest Range Forest Office, 25.01.08 250 Department Godhra = 2 Panchmahal- Gujarat Forest Range Forest Office, 26.01.08 350 c9- -E Gujarat Department Panchmahal C J Narmada-Gujarat Gujarat Forest Sagbara, Narmada 21.02.08 CO 210 c/) Department .c o) 4 Narmada-Gujarat Gujarat Forest Sagbara, Narmada 28.02.08 t70 (-f

Department CO L 5 Surat-Gujarat Gujarat Forest Msdhaliya, Mandvi, 29.02.08 60 = co Department Norlh Forest Range Surat = 6 Chhattisgarh MFP, Raipur Panchayat Bhawan,Cidhkalo, 08.03.08 48 - Dharamjaigarh .== 7 Chhattisgarh MFP, Raipur Primary School, Champra, 09.03.08 81 c/2 Dharamjaigarh 8 Chhattisgarh MFP, Raipur Panchayat Bhawan, Tuman I - 0.03.08 51 .If,I 9 Chhattisgarh MFP, Raipur do 11.03.08 86 10 Chhattisgarh MFP, Raipur Community Hall, 13.03.08 l2 Durgkondal, East Bhanupratapur 11 Chhattisgarh MFP, Raipur D.F.O.,Conference Hall, East 14.03.08 74 Bhanupratapur l2 Orissa Mankadpada lac K.C.Pada, Sarat 27.03.08 120 Samabaya Samiti Ltd, M.B.J. -l*t ICAR 13 Orissa K.C.Pur Lac Ind.Co- Chandan,Chaturi, 2 8.03.08 115 operative Society, Jadunathpur, M.B.J. O O Nilgiri, Balasore O O t4 Orissa K.C.Pur Lac Ind.Co- Dorkhuli, Nilgiri, Balasore 16.04.08 100 operative Society, o e Nilgiri, Balasore (D : 15 Assam Forest Department Hojai, Guwahati 07.08.08 50 16 Forest Department Kukurmara 08.08.08 50 c = 17 Chhattisgarh Forest Department Beda, Korba 23.08.08 130 18 Chhattisgarh Forest Department Basin, Korba 24.08.08 90 Total 2167 Field educational, motivational and states. A total of 3077 persons mainly farmers supplementary training programme on lac representing around 120 villages of 13 districts, cultivation benefitted from this programme. The details of training programme conducted have been given A total of 32 camps were organized in in Table 36. collaboration with NGOs and GOs of different

Table 36. On-farm motivationaV supplementary training programme on lac cultivation Camp District -State Sponsoring/ Venue Dated No. of No. NominatingAgency (Village/Block Participants l. Dhanbad, Forest Dept. Amghata, 1l.03.08 65 Jharkhand. Dhanbad Gobindpur 2. Ranchi, Jharkhand. Akhil Bharat Adivasi Saimandir, 31.03.08 15 Parishad Lapung 3. Raipur, SIRD, Raipur Rajnandgaon ZilaPanchayat 04.05.08 97 Chhattisgarh 4. Do do do 05.05.08 80 5. Do do Acholi, Dongargarh 06.05.08 100 6. do do Range Office, Khairagarh 07.05.08 75 7. Kabirdham. SHARD, Raipur Govt. Primary School, 08.05.08 63 Chhattisgarh Baijalpur, Bodela Kavardha, c/) 8. Kabirdham do Sanskritik Bhawan, Kalin, 09.05.08 73 = Chhattisgarh Kukdur, Pandaries -o Raigarh, Chhattisgarh Jan Mitram Kalyan Gram Sabha, Bastipali, 10.05.08 69 c 9. Samiti Gharghora (n 10. Raigarh, Chhattisgarh Jan Mitram Kalyan Meeting Place, Bhalmundi, 10.05.08 96 c/) CD= t-Y- Samiti Gharghora 11. Raigarh, Chhattisgarh Jan Mitram Kalyan Meeting Place 11.05.08 80 = Samiti Injhar, Semr.lhar, Tamnar 12. Raigarh, Chhattisgarh Jan Mitram Kalyan Badpali 01.06.08 10 =. Samiti P 13. Raigarh, Chhattisgarh Jan Mitram Kalyan Bastipali (Gharghora) 02.06.08 200 = .=.F samltl c/> = 14. Raigarh, Jan Mitram Kalyan Balpeda 03.06.08 20 c Chhattisgarh Samiti (Dharampur) =- 15. Dhanbad, Jharkhand Forest Dept., DRDA, Training Hall, 16.06.08 10 Combined building 16. Giridih, Jharkhand Forest Department Asthayi Nursery Bandetad, 24.06.08 85 Rajdhanwur, Giridih

11. Seoni , Madhya Pragya Research Seoni Kopijhola, 04.06.08 55 Pradesh Keolari 18. Seoni , Madhya Pragya Research Seoni Ugadiwada, 05.06.08 150 Pradesh Keolari Seoni 19. Seoni , Madhya Pragyan Research Seoni Bichuwa 06.06.08 90 Pradesh 20. Seoni, Madhya Pragyan Research Seoni Sitakoh 07.6.08 250 o) Pradesh O 21. Seoni, Madhya Pragyan Research Seoni Pawania 08.06.08 35 o c.J Pradesh o 22. West Singhbhum, VICAS, Goelkera Panchayat Mandal, Goelkera 16.07.08 148 Jharkhand :L Korba, Forest Bela, 130 23. Chhattisgarh department Korba 23.08.08 c= = 24. Korba, Chhattisgarh Forest department Basin, Korba 24.08.08 90 25. Raigarh, Chhattisgarh Jan Mitram Kalyan Jobi, Tanmar, 25.08.08 150 Samiti Pussore, Gharghoda, 26. Ranchi, Jharkhand District Co-operative Barwatoli 14.10.08 100 Offlce (DCO office) 27. Ranchi, Jharkhand DCO, Ranchi Hardag LAMPS 15.10.08 50 28. Latehar, Jharkhand Jharkhand Swabhimani Nareshgarh 16.11.08 70

29. West Singhbhum, ATMA, Chaibasa AIMABhawan, Chaibasa, 19.12.08 51 JharKrand 30. Mahasamund Forest Department Forest Training Institute I 8. 12.08 7 5 Chhattisgarh Mahasamund 31. Dhamtari, Forest Department Dhamtari Training Hall 19.12.08 25 Chhattisgarh 32. Jagdalpur, Forest Department, Van Vidyalaya, 21.12.08 350 Chhattisgarh Jagdalpur Jagdalpur Total 3077 Other Transfer of Technology activities: of inoculation, spraying etc at different locations were carried out in the states of Jharkhand and Monitoring of kusmilac crop, technical guidance, Chhattissarh Table 37 . reme dial measure s for pe st attack, demonstration

Table 37. Demonstration and other transfer of technology activities related to lac production Sl No. District -State Venue Collaborating Dated Purpose (Village/ Block) Agency c/) E = 1. Raigarh, Bhengri Janmitram Kalyan 10.05.08 Kusmi lac crop monitoring .EC5 Samitr c Chhattisgarh Charmar CO Bastipali C. Bhalmundi CD Gharghori E 2. Raigarh, Darama (Tamnar) Janmitram Kalyan 02.06.08 Kusmi lac crop monitoring CO Chhattisgarh Tenda (Gharghora) Samiti on kusum tree = Sardhap (Gharghora) z.

3. Raigarh, Kudumkela Janmitram Kalyan 03.06.08 Semialata plantation OJ Chhattisgarh (Daramjaigarh) Samiti = 4. Raigarh, Balpeda Forest Depart.ment 03.06.08 Kusmi lac crop monitoring c Chhattisgarh (D[aramjaigarh) C. 5. Korba, Bela, Korba Forest Department 23.08.08 kusmilac crop monitoring -o.co Chhattisgarh 6. Korba, Rita Farm House Entrepreneur 24.08.08 Monitoring of lac crop on Chhattisgarh Non-Birra (Kartala) Flemingia semialata on commercial scale 7 . Dhanbad, Ambadih -Dhanbad Forest Department 31.11.08 Lac crop monitoring on Jharkhand oalas ee Training on Product demonstration: product demonstration were organized as detailed in Table 38. A total of six trainings on different aspects of

ICAR Table 38. Transfer oftechnology for lac based products

O O Aleuritic Acid Self 3-11 January 2008 Shri Manoj Tiwari cl Bhilai, Chhattisgarh. o Bleached lac Self 3-11 January 2008 Shri Bharat Kumar Jha, a o Bhilai, Chhattisgarh. o Bleached lac Self 11-21 February,2008 Shri Devashish Dutta. c= = Sundar Nagar,H.No.379, Raipur,Chhattisgarh. Aleuritic Acid Self 10-20 March,2008 Mr Bishnu Charan Mahato

Vill.Bandhdih P. O.Kalimati, Dist.Purulia ( WB ) Isoambrettolide Self 31 March -11 April, Mr Bishnu Charan Mahato, 2008 Vill.Bandhdih,P. O. Kalimati, Dist.Purulia ( W.B.) Testing and analysis of the M/S D.Manoharlal 25-30 August, 2008 Sumeet Agarwal lac Shellac) Pr.t. Ltd. Sakti S/o Suresh Asarwal. 3.1.2 Enhancing livelihood options for one batch for 9 extension cadres sponsored poor tribal families of the Jharkhand state by different NGOs (Table 39). through capacity building in cultivation of . 22 On-farm trainings have been organised lac and its value addition (JLDS) for 1995 beneficiaries of the project (Table A. Training 40). . One-Week trainins has been conducted in

Table 39. One-week training for beneficiaries sponsored by different NGOs Name of the NGO No. of Particinants l. PRADAN, Gumla 31 .12.07-5.1 .08 5 2. SEEDS, West Singhbhum -Do- 2

3. AID, Khunti -Do- 1 I a/) 4. AGRAGATI,Hazarlbagh -Do- Total 9 C5= -o Table 40. On farm training at various villages for beneficiaries sponsored by different NGOs. C.

c,/) sl. Venue / Place Name of the NGO Date No. of families c O No. participated OJ ar 1. Sonse School, Chandwa, Latehar SARDA 21.1.08 10 -= 2. Middle School, Kita, Latehar SARDA 21.1.08 75 = 3. Banhaldi, Club-Hall, Latehar SARDA 22.1.08 15 4. Ranchi Middle School, Latehar SARDA 22.1.08 65 =.l+ 5. Kudadih, Bandgaon, W. Singhbhum SEEDS I .3.08 100 clJ 6. Kudadih, Bandgaon, W. Singhbhum SEEDS I .3.08 100 .P= 1. Tokad, Bandgaon, W. Singhbhum SEEDS 3.3.08 75 c,/) C. 8. Tokad, Bandgaon, W Singhbhum SEEDS 3.3.08 t5 C. 9. RC Mission Compound (E), Khanjaloya, Simdega Gram Jan Jagriti Manch 14.3.08 100 .cD -o 10. RC Mission Compound (W), Khanjaloya, Simdega Gram Jan Jagriti Manch 14.3.08 100 c 11. Upper Primary School, Pakar tand, Simdega Gram Jan Jagriti Manch r 5.3.08 50 12. Training Hall, Pakar tand, Simdega Gram Jan Jagriti Manch 15.3.08 50 13. Samudayik Bhawan, Rampur, Gumla Gram Jan Jagriti Manch r 9.3.08 100 74. Samudayik Bhawan, Chainpur, Gumla Gram Jan Jagriti Manch 19.3.08 100 15. GEL Church, Lumbai, Simdega Sunita Kala Niketan 26.5.08 r00 16. Jampani, Simdesa Sunita Kala Niketan 26.5.08 100 17. Utkramik PrathmikVidyalaya, Dhankara, Latehar GVT India 16.6.08 150 18. Utkramik PrathmikVidyalaya, Sisi, Latehar GVT India 16.6.08 100 19. Utkal kranti Madhya Mdhyala, Chhotaki, Dundil, AGRAGATI 24.6.08 100 Kaporfutawa, mandu, Ramgargh 20. Utkramit High School, Tubil (Arki), Khunti AID 26.6.08 100 2L Training cum production centre, Arki, Khunti AID 26.6.08 60 22. KolhanMahilaSangthanOfficeandtraining KolhanMahila 1.11.08 150 Centre, Goelkera, E. Singhbhum Sangthan Total 1.995

B. Action Research

7. Intensive lac cultivation on hushy host-plnnts Kusmi broodlac (a0.0 kg) was inoculated in July 2008 on about 1200 semialata plants in Kharsidag village in the fleld for demonstration of kusmi lac cultivation under JLDS in collaboration with SEEDS, an NGO. The crop is progressing well (Fig. 35). One farmer at Chitramu, Khunti trained under the project has inoculated lac on semialata on his own this year after successful demonstration of technology under JLDS last year. About 10,000 Fig. 36. Inc crop on two year old Prosopis juliflora at sapling of semialata were raised and sold by him IRF to farmers / NGOs after learning the nursery Kusmi broodlac was inoculated on year old raising techniques. two unpruned plants of A. procera and P. juliflora in July 2008. The crop is satisfactory in upland plot on P. juliflora (Fig. 36) but twigs of the plants in the low land dried under water logged condition affecting lac culture. While in case of A. procera, lac insect showed the preferential tendency of settling on petioles (Fig. 37) than on twigs. Moreover, heavy mortality was observed on twigs but lac insects survived well on petioles of the plants. The petioles were shed before crop could attain maturity. Fig. 35. Inc crop on Flemingin semialata at Kharsidag village

2. Raising plantation of alternate / high yielding host plants for evaluation at Ranchi conditions Plantations of Albizia procera, Prosopis juhflora and Zizyphus mauritiana raised at IRF under Jharkhand Lac Development Scheme have shown a very healthy and promising growth. One year old saplings of these host-plants raised in the nursery in poly bags were transplanted in the field during JuJy 2007. Average height of the sampled plants in July 2008 was observed to be 3.87 m in A. proceraandl.64minP. juliflora. Growthof Z. Fig.37. Lac crop on petioles of two year old Albizia mauritiana was also very good. procera at IRF kg broodlac (20 kg each of Kulajanga, Ber and insects Nawadih stock) has been inoculated during July- August, 2008 on ber at Gutwa village of Khunti Forty kg broodlac of productive breeds of kusmi rCAR district through PRADAN, an NGO for evaluation q) strain (20 kg each of Kulajangaand Ber stock) has of improved breeds under field conditions. The O been inoculated (:loo on ber at Mangobandh village of crop is progressing well. Field visits under taken O c.J Ranchi district throueh SEEDS. an NGO and 60 under the project are shown in the Table 41. o o- Table 41. Field visits under taken under Jharkhand Lac Development Scheme (JLDS) OJ

(c c= 21 c | .05.08 FulwatangarandBinjhiaBandh, Broodlac Farm Site selection proposed by the NGO Simdega Chakriya Vikas Sangthan under JLDS. On-farm training was also organised for 35 lac growers at Fulwatangar. 2 28.05.08 Pojenga, Sawnapatra and Umra, Assessment of the bushy lac host semialata planted in Gumla combination with other hosts in alarge area. 3 28.05.08 Dumar Tand, Gumla Site selection for semialata plantation proposed by Sunita Kala Niketan 4 30.05.08 Bansgarha, Vijaydih, Korembe Broodlac Farm Site selection proposed by the NGO and Serenghatu, Ramgarh Agragati under JLDS 5 17.06.08 Jiddupandra, Chandra, Sildari, Broodlac Farm Site selection proposed by the NGO Hesatu and Khantanga, Ranchi Chakriya Mkas Sangthan under JLDS. 6 06.09.08 Kharsidag and Mangobandh, Lac Crop monitoring on semialata and ber Ranchi 7 22.09.08 Mangobandh and Kharsidag, Lac Crop monitoring on semialata and ber and to show Ranchi around lac field to a team of the senior officers of Forest Department 8 28.11.08 Sonpur (Arki), Bichna and Semialala plantation and lac crop monitoring Chitramu, Khunti and Kharsidag, Ranchi 9 08.12.08 Kharsidag, Ranchi Lac Crop monitoring on semialata 10 26.12.08 Nichitpur, Later, Kherkai,Guphu Assessment of semialata plantation for summer lac crop and Sondari underAction Research C. Infrastructure Development carried out (0.3+0.2) ha for raising winter crop of kusmi ct) E under JLDS (aghani). For ensuring sustained lac production C-5= cycle, plantation of quick-growing bushy host, -E Proposal for building like Training Hall for on- c Flemingia semialata was raised in 1.5 ha, for farm training at IRF has been vetted by ICAR c/) summer season crop (jethwi) under irrigation. and work is likely to be initiated soon. tn= This has ensured availability of broodlac for t'l-CD 3.1.3 Skill development and capacity raising winter crop on ber. co building in lac culture through training = Kusum plantation is available at Kevdi, which and demonstration in Gujarat. was brought under cultivation especially for ts= o The project was undertaken during July 2004 and production of summer broodlac. Plantations ofE CD semialata were raised at various Forest Research = completed in December 2008 with the following .= Farms in Godhra, Shivrajpur, Piplez, Rajpipla, c/> accomplishments. c Rajkot, etc. Plantationof ber is available inthese c Host resource development farms, which can be alternated E for winter crop. c A layout of different lac host plants required Based on the trials conducted in the region so far to be raised at the Centre was suggested for as well as the climatic conditions and host plant demonstration of sustained production of availability in Gujarat, kusmi lac production kusmi lac crop during summer and winter is recommended for promotion in the State. seasons. Plantation of lac host, ber (Zizyphus Besides, kusmi crop yields the best quality lac mauritiana) was established in about 0.5 combined with high productivity and returns. Junagarh lac cultivation on Z. mauritiana during winter season Identification of Prosopis juliflora as a very was demonstrated successfully- for good kusmi lac host, under the potentiality two years and at Bhachau in Kuchch for. one.year. trials conducted in different areas, is a very Some summer broodlac was also produced on Z. significant finding. Natural plantations of this mauritiana during summer season-Winter season host are available in large numbers in the state, kusmi lac crop was demonstrated successfully at which can be exploited for lac production during Thalsar and Victoria garden on P. julifl,ara. A yield winter season. Trials for determining appropriate ratio (output :input ) of 1:20 was harvested at pruning time and brood rate for winter crop Thalsar. Summer broodlac production technology inoculation was conducted at Thalsar and Victoria was demonstrated successfully at Piplez on fl garden at Bhavnagar. A very good crop with a semialata and at Kevdi on kusum. Summer lac yield ratios of 25 (output/ input) was harvested crop has been raised onkusum at Shivrajpur and and lac production technology on this host different places in Dang districts. was formulated on that basis. The production technologies for kusmi lac in winter season was tested and demonstrated at Bhavnagar, Junagarh, Kusmi P. juliflora (ganda Rajkot, Bhachau (Kuchchh) and Basan. Ber has Cultivation of lac on bawel) and Z. mauritiana (bordi) winter also provided a yield ratio of 17 (output/ input) at during Basan and diff'erent field stations. crop season and on S. oleosa during summer season is recommended.

In absence of kusum, summer broodlac may be Technologies namely i) High returns from kusmi produced on Flemingia semialata (24,000 plants/ lac cultivation on Ziziphus (ber mauritiana ha) under irrigated condition tp to 30o/o insect lac bordi) in Gujarat and ii) Kusmi cultivation on stress. Prosopis jultflora (ganda bawe[), a drieded weed in Gujarat have been prepared. Two nucleus broodlac farms with 2,000 kusum trees in each farm may be started for supplementing successful summer kusmi broodlac A trial of summer broodlac to be started preferably one at production on F. semialata was conducted at Kevdi and the other at Dang. Piplez under which 90 kg broodlac was produced using 9 kg broodlac during jethwi 2007. This Each research farm should be equipped with at could supplement summer broodlac to many least I ha F. semialata plantation for production alternate hosts. Two small scale processing units of summer broodlac to cater local needs. (100 kg/da/ were installed at Basan and Piplez The technologies for kusmi lac production on for conversion ofsticklac to seedlac. above hosts may be transferred to at least 10 Human Resource Development FDAs each year through training and on-farm demonstration to lac growers. Seventy-three forest officers have been trained by the Institute so far, at the IINRG head quarter At least one Kisan Mela on MFP should be and at Basan and Kevdi. Thirteen training organized by the forest department to acquaint camps have been organized under the project, the stakeholders about the products and their benefiting 565 farmers and forest officials. Four utilization. forest officers have been imparted training in Marketing facilities need to be developed for scientific methods of lac cultivation at IINRG consumption of the products. headquarters. Demonstration of scientific method of lac cultivation on Z. mauritiana and P. jultflora In order to take the above achievements to the was given to almost all Forest Research Farms/ farmers' field a project entitled 'Production of Field stations. At Basan research farm kusmi lac summer kusmi broodlac on kusum for promotion production on Z. mauritiana, Acacia catechu and of lac cultivation in Gujarat with farmers' P. juliflorawas demonstratedto forest officials and participation' is under process in the Gujarat some progressive farmers. Most of the broodlac Forest Dept which would be implemented with produced (3 00kg) was [email protected] Rajkotand the scientific support by the Institute. Table 42. Details of on-farm training organized on scientific lac cultivation SI Venue of training Date of training Number of No. oarticinants Agrocret Society, Kanker Primary School , Village- Kanhanpuri, 20.12.08 85 Kanker o 2 PARDS, Jagdalpur Village- Kotamsar, Block- Daibha, 22.12.08 10 @ Jagdalpur sl 3 S G College ofAgriculture, Village - Tahakapal 23.12.08 65 o Jagdalpur Jagdalpur (l)o tr 4 R K Mission Ashram, Jagdalpur Training Hall of Brehberra 24.12.08 30 6 Village Palki, 75 =e - Narayanpur Total 32s 3.1.4 Improving rural livelihood security by three farmers. Demonstration of inoculation through sustainable integrated farming process was also done besides delivering lecture. system model and allied enterprises in Bastar In Tahakapal village and adjoining three villages, region of Chhattisgarh (NAIP) more than 1000 ber trees are available in this cluster but nobody know about lac cultivation. The project started in October 2008 under Two ber trees were pruned by the farmers under Component-3 oflNAIP. The institute is a consortium our supervision as a demonstration. InNarayanpur partner and S G College ofAgriculture, Jagdalpur area, as per information collected more than 500 of Indira Gandhi Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Raipur kusum trees are available in cluster of two villages. is the lead centre. The other pafiners are Agrocret Only one farmer knew about lac cultivation out of Society, Kanker (NGO), Participatory Action for 75 attending the training course. Demonstration Rural Development Society (PARDS) Jagdalpur, of pruning of kusum tree was given where two CSWCRTI, ICAR and Sanjeevni (Forest Dept) farmers pruned two small and one big size kusum Raipur. Promotion of lac cultivation is proposed trees. to be carried out in four clusters namely Bastanar, Pandawada, Pusagaon of Jagdalpur district and Kanhanpuri in Kanker district. On-farm training programme has been conducted with consortium partners as given intheTable 42. The forest department has intervened for lac E promotion for a limited period in Kanhanpuri. C-' Hence farmers were aware of this venture. While E interacting, a few problems of the lac growers = c/) were identified, namely a) attack on lac insect by 6 ants b) nibbling of lac encrustation by squinel c) CD E. lac insect death after two months of inoculation co on lusum trees d) theft of mature lac crop Demonshation of kusum tree pruning at village, ::J Palki Narayanpur ? co especially in November- December and mortality z. of lac insect on kusum trees having white bark. o CD Most of the farmers are already carrying out lac P .== cultivation but by conventional technique. In cct) Daibha block, four villages namely Kotamsar, C. Pedewara, Majheepal, Dhurmaras have been adopted under the project. As per initial estimates c = around 350 kusum and70 ber trees are available in this cluster. People are not aware of lac in this area. Two kusum trees have been pruned by the farmers under our supervision as a demonstration. Climbing on big size tree is not a problem as both Training on Scientific lac cultivation to at Palki, Narayanpur trees were pruned within one and half hours only formers 3.1.5 Developing sustainable farming system exhibition on lac was also put as awareness drive models for prioritized micro watersheds in on lac cultivation aspects. rainfed areas of Jharkhand (NAIP) Pruning demonstration of palas and ber trees Project was sanctioned in July 2008 under has been carried out at Sinjotola, Saurumundu o) component-3 oflNAIP. The institute is a consorlium O and Rupaidih villages and of block o partner and BirsaAgriculture University, Ranchi is o Baramajhladih of during C..l the lead centre. The other partners are Horticulture February and April 2008 (Table 43). o q) and Agroforestry Research Programme, Ranchi, E Central Upland Rice Research Station, Hazarlbag. Raising of lac crop: All adopted villages have (o c= The launch workshop was held during 7'h to 9,h Feb plenty of palas trees but farmers are not aware = 2008. Intervention in respect of lac production is of lac cultivation. In order to educate the farmers to be done in four clusters of Jamtara and Dumka about lac crop growth and production, rainy season districts. The Institute actively participated in crop was raised on 516 trees of palas involving District level Kisan Mela Jamtaru at on 25 and 59 families of nine villages (six village of Jamtara 26'h February 2008 to interact farmers with of district and three villages of ) Table 43. Pruning of lac host trees in Jamtara and during July 2008 (Table 44). Recommended Dumka district pesticides endosufan and carbendazim were Village applied as a demonstration by the farmers. At crop maturity stage it was found that crop survived

Jamtala Sinjotola 50 15 on 439 trees of palas with expected yield of Saurumundu 20 10 around 230 kg. In view of sparse settlement and Dulaidih 20 15 availability of more area for settlement, most Bajragoda 50 25 of Rupaidih 30 15 the trees were self inoculated. These trees will be Narayanpur Madnadih 25 15 harvested completely in April for ari crop so as to Bara Majhladih 50 25 earn money for farmers and they learn the value Tetuliatand 20 15 Total 265 135 of lac through marketing. A few farmers have sold selected and adjoining villages. They have been phunki scrap in the market to know the value of briefed about NAIP and its activities to be carried lac in the market and how to market the same. It out in Jamtara and Narayanpur blocks. The gave them much required confidence to adopt lac production further as all are farmers took keen interest in the programme. An beginners. (5= -o Table 44 . Inoculation of rainy season rangeeni lac crop on palas in Jamtara and Dumka district c CD (A District Block Village No. of Quantity of rangeeni No. ofpalas trees c beneficiaries broodlac used (ke) inoculated C') Jamtara Jamtara Sinjotola a 116 122 Dahartola 4 60 60 Khastola 9 84 93 = Saurimundu 2 12 IJ = Haisalgutu 3 12 17 Charedih 10 48 5l .== Sub total J/ ))z 356 c/) C Narayanpur Baramajhladih 8 18 38 c Total 4) 350 394 E Dumka Dumka Karmatan 5 60 63 c Guhiajori o 66 95 Sub total ll r26 158 Jama Bhounra J 24 24 Total t4 150 182 Grand total 59 500 s76 Summer season crop was raised on palas tree IINRG on "Scientific Method of lac cultivation" during October 2008. A total of 500 kg of through three courses. Field level trainings were broodlac was inoculated on 811 palas trees in conducted in seven villages where lac crop was rca and 200 kg in Dumka district raised on farmers trees on following aspects like, inoculation was method of broodlac inoculation on palas trees, O as given in Table 45. Light identification O carried out in order to avoid summer mortality. importance of phunki removal, O c{ A total of 29 farmers from Charedih, Sinjotola, of insect pests damaging lac crop and control o pest and diseases. a Baramjhladih, Rupaidih-Dahartola, Rupaidih- measures for o E. Khastola and Saurimundu have been trained at c =c 45 . Inoculation of summer season rangeeni lac crop onpalas in Jamtara and Dumka district c Table District Block Village Number of Quantity of broodlac Number of beneficiaries inoculated (kg) palas tree inoculated

Jamtara Jamtara Rupaidih- Sinjotola 6 ll0 138 Dahartola 2 40 50 Rupaidih- Khastola 3 60 d) Saurimundu 2 30 39 Charedih 5 60 't07 Block total t8 300 4tl Narayanpur Baramajhladih Cluster I 6 JJ 40 Cluster II J 25 60 Cluster III 6 100 200 Cluster IV A 42 100 Village total 18 200 400 Block total l8 200 400 Total 36 500 811 Dumka Dumka Karmatand J 45 62 Guhiajori 4 40 86 Kodokicha- 6 6 55 103 c,/) = Kodokicha- 7 2 10 50 C-D= Block total 15 150 301 C. Dumka Jama Bhounra 6 50 75 c./) .= Block total 6 50 '75 c/) OJ t^f Total 2T 200 376 E Grand total Jamtara + Dumka s7 700 1,187 = =.

= .-P c/) C. c Ec

Spray ofinsecticidefor pest control on lac Rainy season crop on palas tree in Jumtara district Collection and scraping of phunki by ffibal women in Rainy season lac crop on palas tree in Damka district Dumka district 3. 2 Technology Assessment, Refinement crop raised onpalas under Farmer's participatory and Dissemination mode at Jhalda (West Bengal). All the six chemical insecticides except lambdacyhalothrin at higher 3.2.1 Evaluation of some newer insecticides dose were found to be promising as far as safety and bio-pesticides for eco-friendly to lac insect is concerned and were effective in management of insect pesti associated with reducing the incidence of lac insect predators lac insect and host plants for the second consecutive crop season also in Ev aluatio n of c hemic al ins e ctici.de s confirmatory trials. The survival of lac insect in Field experiment was undertaken at Institute different treatments of insecticides varied from Research Farm and Farmer's field for identification 73.83 to 92.01per cent as compared to 91.65 per of some newer IPM recommended chemical cent in control clearly indicating the safety of pesticides on lac culture. For the management of these insecticides towards lac insect (Table 46). two key lepidopteran predators viz., Eublemma Though no significant difference in survival of amabilis and Pseudohypatopa pulverea on the lac lac insect was observed in different treatments crop, some IPM recommended newer chemical of insecticides. the reduction in incidence of insecticides viz., indoxacarb, carbosulfan, lac insect predators in different treatments was spinosad, fipronil, lambdacyhalothrin and observed to be to the tune of 36 to 96 per cent in basis previous alphamethrin, identified on the of case of Eublemma ammabilis and 14.3 to 95 .2 per year's preliminary trials were again evaluated for cent in Pseudohypatopa pulverea. their safety to lac insect and toxicity to predators of Table 46. Bioefficacy of insecticides for their safety to lac insect on rangeeni and kusmi lac crops raised lac insect and toxicity to lac insect predators on palas (Butea monosperma) and on galwang Insecticidex Conc. Survival Reduction in incidence of (Albizia lucida) respectively. Recommended (%) oflac lac insect predators over insecticides endosulfan and ethofenprox which are insect control (7o) presently in use were also sprayed for comparison (%) Euhlemma Pseudohy- of effectiveness with the newer insecticides. amqbilis patopa nulverea Evaluation of chemical insectici.des on rangeeni Carbosulfan 0.01 84.84 68.0 14.3 rainy season (katki) lac crop raised on palas 0.025 80.11 84.0 19.0 0.05 78.97 96.0 61.9 Six IPM recommended newer chemical Indoxacarb 0.005 92.01 36.0 57.1 insecticides v iz.,lambdacyhalothrin, alphamethrin, 0.01 89.39 60.0 57.1 indoxacarb, carbosulfan, spinosad and fipronil 0.02 83.19 80.0 9s.2 Spinosad 0.005 81.14 52.0 80.9 were evaluated at different concentrations along 0.0r 87.42 72.0 66.7 recommended ethofenprox (0.02 for with %) 0.02 82.98 88.0 80.9 their safety to lac insect and toxicity to predators Fipronil 0.005 84.69 60.0 61.9 of lac insect on rangeeni rainy season (katki) lac 0.01 84.39 84.0 80.9 Lambdac- 0.005 80.30 80.0 90.5 viz., lambdacyhalothrin (0.005 and 0.008%), halothrin jndoxacarb (0.01 and 0.02o/o), carbosulfan (0.03 0.008 73.83 100.0 100.0 and 0.05o/o), spinosad (0.01 and 0.02o/o) and tst ICN Alphamethrin 0.005 83.64 80.0 61.9 fipronil (0.005 and 0.01%) identified on the basis 0.01 82.12 88.0 85.7 preliminary along recommended O of trials, with Ethofenprox 0.02 82.99 76.0 66.1 O ethofenprox (0.02%) and endosulfan (0.05%) O Control - 91.65 c.J were evaluated for their safety to lac insect and S.Em.+ 4.92 o o- ( toxicity to predators of lac insect on kusmi rainy o) cD 5%) 9.79 E season lac crop. All the six chemical insecticides (E Evaluation of chemical insecticides on summer c= except lambdacyhalothrin at higher dose were C season (jethwi) kusmi lac crop raised on found to be promising as far as safety to lac insect galwang is concerned. Survival of lac insect amongst Summer season (jethwi) kasmi lac crop was different treatments ranged from 61 .39 to 87.02 raised on galwang for evaluation of chemical per cent as compared to 83.80 per cent in control, insecticides. Crop was inoculated in the month of clearly indicating the safety of these newer February 2008. Six newer chemical insecticides insecticides to lac insect. at two different concentrations viz., carbosulfan Bio- ffic acy of ins ecticide s against ne uropteran (0.02 and 0.05'yo), indoxacarb (0.01 and 0.02%), predator, Chry sopa lacciperda spinosad (0.01 and 0.02yo), fipronil (0.005 To study the bioefficacy of insecticides against lambdacyhalothrin (0.005 and and 0.01%), Chrysopa lacciperda, a laboratory bioassay of (0.005 0.008%) and alphamethrin and 0.01%) seven insecticides was carried out by topical were evaluated. Recommended insecticides, application and by exposing the insect on ethofenprox (0.02%) and endosulfan (0.05%) residual film of insecticides during April, 2008. were also sprayed for comparison. The survival Topical application of lambdacyhalothrirr (0. 005 of lac insect in different treatments varied from and 0.008%), alphamethrin (0.005 and 0.01%), 45.97 to 73.43 per cent as compared to 49.44 per indoxacarb (0.02%), carbosulfan (0.03%), cent in control, clearly indicating the safety of spinosad (0.01 and 0.02%), fipronil (0.005 and these newer insecticides to lac insect. 0.01%) and ethofenprox (0.02%) exerled cent per Evaluation of chemical insecticides on rainy cent insect mortality within 24 hrs of treatment. season (aghani) kusmi lac crop rsised on Exposure of 2"d and 3'd instar insects on residual films of carbosulfan and spinosad were equally <./) galwang E effective as topical application. Residual effect C-5= Rainy season (aghani) kusmi lac crop was indoxacarb was not as much pronounced as -o of C. raised in Institute Research Farm on galwang that to other insecticides against Chrysopa (Table U) for evaluation of chemical insecticides. Crop general insecticides C. 47). In the residual effect of @ was inoculated in the month of July, 2008. Six was observed to be less as compared to topical ar -= IPM recommended newer chemical insecticides application. L = Table 47. Per cent larval mortality of lac insect predator, Chrysopa lacciperda in different treatments of insecticides. =. Insecticide Conc. Topical application of insecticides Exposure of insects on Residual film

CD (%) on insects of insecticides P .== Per cent mortalitv after Per cent mortality after o.) 2hr 24hr 48 hr 2hr 24hr 48 hr C. Lambdacyhalothrin 0.005 OJ.JJ 100.00 JJ.JJ 56.67 90.00 C. .E.co 153.0 r ) r90.00) 13 5.55) (49.14) (72.05)' c 0.008 16.67 100.00 46.67 70.00 100.00 (61.48) r90.00') (43.39\ (57.1 0) 190.00) Carbosulfan 0.02 )o.o / 100.00 36.67 66.67 83.33 (49.14) (90.00) 137.58) r55.06) (66.27\ 1a 1a 003 70.00 100.00 +J-JJ /J.JJ 100.00 (s7.1 0) (e0.00) (4r.44) (s9.2r\ (90.00) Spinosad 001 z).)J 73.33 100.00 0.00 0.00 36.67 (29.20\ (59.2t) (e0.00) (4.0s) (4.05) 137.58) 0.02 30.00 100.00 0.00 JJ.JJ 90.00 $3.52) (90.00) 14.05) (3s.55) (72.05\ Indoxacarb 001 IJ.JJ 90.00 100.00 I J.JJ 16.61 100.00 o) (21.81) (72.0s) (90.00) (21.8r) (61.48) (90.00) O O 0.02 s6.67 100.00 53.33 100.00 Cf c{ (49.r4\ (90.00) (47.1 8) (90.00) o Fipronil 0.005 +J.JJ 100.00 /.J.3 3 100.00 O (41.44) (e0.00) (29.20\ 190.00) E 001 76.67 100.00 /J.JJ 100.00 (61.48) r90.00) (s9.21\ (90.00) Alphamethrin 0.005 '/6.61 100.00 36.67 OJ.JJ 80.00 (61.48) (90.00) (37.s8) (53.01) (63.19\ 0.01 90.00 100.00 56.61 83.33 86.67 (12.0s) (90.00) 49.r4\ 166.1 9) (69.04) Ethofenprox 0.02 50.00 100.00 0.00 56.61 80.00 (45.29\ (90.00) (4.0s) (4e.r4) rc3.79) Control 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 (4.0s) (4.0s) (4.0s) (4.05) (4.05) (4.0s) S. Em. + 369 1 13 360 2.32 3.25 cD r0.05) n28 346 10 99 709 10.26 cD (0.01) t5 .11 483 15.32 9.87 14.58 Figures in parentheses are arcsine transformed values

Management of pentatomid bug, Tessaratoma 0.03 r 00.00 javanica - a pest of kusum trees (e0.00) lndoxacarb 14.5% SC 0.01 100.00 management pentatomid bug For the of (e0.00) Tessaratoma javanica a pest of kusum tree, - 0.02 100.00 laboratory bioassay was carried out to evaluate (eo.oo) eight insecticides by topical application of Soinosad 25%SC 0.01 66.67 11.18 insecticides (Table 4 8). Application of carbosulfan (ss.06) (62.24) (0.02 and 0.03oh), indoxacarb (0.01 and 0.02oh), 0.02 100.00 spinosad (0.02%), lambdacyhalothrin (0.005 (e0.00) c/) and 0.008%), alphamethrin (0.005 and 0.01%) Lambdacyhalothrin 5% 0.005 100.00 C EC (e0.00) and endosulfan (0.05%) were found to be very C5= 0.008 100.00 and resulted cent per cent insect c effective into (e0.00) cg within 24 hrs of treatment. Spinosad c,/) morlality Alphamethrin I0%EC 0.005 100.00 .= c.t) (0. 0 1 %) caused 66.6'7 and 7 7 .7 8 per cent mortality CD (e0.00) (Y after 24 hr and 48 hr of treatment, respectively. 0.01 100.00 co Application of fipronil (0.005 and 0.01%) exerted (e0.00) = 87.50 and 95.83 per cent mortality of T. javanica, Fipronil5% SC 0.005 87.50 87.50 z. respectively within 24 hr of treatment and the (6e.13) (6e.13) mortality did not increase with time. Ethofenprox 0.01 95.83 95.83 CD (78.e1) (78.e1) = (0.02%) caused 89.77 per cent mortality within Ethofenprox l0%EC 0.02 89.77 89.17 (/) 24hr of treatment. (71.8s) (71.8s) ; Table 48. Per cent mortality of Tesssrqtoma javanica Endosulfan 35%EC 0.05 100.00 € in different treatments of insecticides. (e0.00) Insecticide Conc. Per cent mortality Control - 0.00 0.00 (%) of insect after (4.05) (4.0s) 24tu | 48hr S. Em. + 3.64 Carbosulfan 25 %EC 0.02 100.00 cD (0.0s) 1.45 (90.00) cD (0.01 10.05 Evaluation of thuringiensis Table 49. States and districts surveyed formulation States Districts Two newer commercially available Bacillus Andhra Pradesh Msakhapatnam ICAR thuringiensis var. kurstaki formulations (Halt and Assam Karbi-Anglong Chhattisgarh Bilaspur, Dhamtari, Janj gir-Champa, O Knock WP) of indigenous origin were evaluated O O Kanker, Korba, Mahasamund, c.J on winter season (aghani) kusmi lac crop raised Surguja, Raipur and Rajnandgaon o on Zizyphus mauritiana (ber) at four different a Gujarat Vadodara concentrations for their safety lac insect and E to Jharkhand Garhwa, Gumla, Latehar, Palamau, toxicity to lepidopteran lac insect predators. First c= Ranchi, Simdega and West application of biopesticides was made after 40-45 Singhbhum days of inoculation. The suruival of lac insect after Madhya Pradesh Balaghat, Honsangabad, Mandla and application of biopesticides ranged from 84.67 to Seoni 90.82 per cent amongst Knock WP treatments Maharashtra Gondia and 88.11 to 89.12 per cent with the treatment of Orissa Baleshwar and Mayurbhani Halt which were at par with the control in which West Bensal Bankura and Purulia survival of lac insect was observed to per be 90.7I Table 50. Sample size during the survey cent indicating the safety of biopesticides towards Total number of samples lac insect at all the four concentrations evaluated. States Districts Number Number Govt. Br formulation (Delfin) of exotic origin was also of of manuf- Officials/ sprayed for comparison in which the survival of traders acturers NGOY lac insect was 88.58 per cent. Other key informants 3.3 Liaison, Information and Advisorv Andhra I Pradesh Service Assam I 2 3.3.1 Informatics on lac production, Chhattisgarh 9 1 9 marketing and processing Gujarat 1 5 Jharkhand 7 14 l0 Efforts have been made at national level for Madhya 4 1 2 collection of lac related information and data. Pradesh Frequent survey was made in various lac growing Maharashtra 1 3 2 a 4 E areas ofthe country for collection ofdata through West 2 C5= out the year during 2008-09. The requisite data Bengal 2 8 E Total 28 44 31 C. have been collected from the respondents at v) various lac markets and lac processing centers. Inc production in India U> For updating the information and data, regular ct) On the basis of survey in the markets of different contacts were made through phone with the lac producing districts and states, the estimated L respondents. Survey has been conducted in 28 = national production of sticklac during 2008-09 lac growing districts of 9 states comprising of 44 =. was approximately 71,I75 tons. Chhattisgarh tso lac traders, 31 lac manufacturer and 9 other key state ranks 1" followed by Jharkhand, Madhya P informants during 2008-09. Name of the states = Pradesh, Maharashtra and West Bengal. The and districts in which survey was carried out cc,/) above five states are contributing around 93 per have been presented in Table 49 and sample size c cent of the national lac production. Contribution -oCO surveyed during the year have been presented in of Chhattisgarh in national lac production was c Table 50. 41.91 per cent followed by Jharkhand (23.29 %oi), Monthly export and import data of lac and its Madhya Pradesh (17.29 oh), Maharushtra (6.11 value added products have been collected from %o) and West Bengal (4.83 %). Regarding share Directorate General of Commercial Intellisence of different crops, baisakhi ranks I't (30.04 %) oh), and Statistics (DGCI&S), Kolkata. followed by katki (29.60 aghani (22.83 %) and jethwi (17.53 %) in national lac production. In the year 2008-09 the production of baisakhi, katki andjethwi crop has decreased by around 35 per respectively per cent, I 1 per cent and 8 cent 15000 o) while production of aghani crop has increased O by 5 per cent. At national level the production of (f 5000 lac was around l7 per cent less than the last year o 0 arrival. Lac production scenario in India during O 2006{7 2007{8 2008{9 E 2008-09, share ofdifferent crops at national level production India during last 3 years =c and lac production in India during last three Fig 39. Lac in c years are presented in Table 51 and Fig. 38 & 39 Lac Processing in India respectively.

Table 51. Lac production in India during 2008-09 (in tons) On the basis of survey of different lac processing centers in the country the total amount of sticklac Name of Name of lac croo Total state Baisukhil Jethwi I Kutki lAshani production processed during 2007 -08 was 27 ,710 tons which Andhra 20120142 also included the amount of imporled lac in India Pradesh amounting to 5,797 tons. 25 Lac processing units Assam 30060090 in Chhattisgarh, 16 units in Jharkhand, 6 units in Bihar 20204 Chhattisgarh 2207 1410 1666 1915 7198 Maharashtra, 2 units in Madhya Pradesh and 129 Gujarat 10 t5 10 20 55 units in West Bengal were in running condition Jharkhand 400 1190 810 1600 4000 during the year 2007-08. In processing of lac Madhya 1480 250 1040 200 2970 West Bengal ranked l.' (40.13 %) followed by Pradesh (32.65 Jharkhand (2\.01 oA), Maharashtra 200085001050 Chhattisgarh %), o/o) Meghalaya 5 0 6 0 1l Maharashtra (5.l1 and Madhya Pradesh (1.09 Orissa 80 125 90 130 425 %).The information on lac processing centers in Uttar 30002000500 India, amount of sticklac processed at different Pradesh lac processing centers in the country and share West Bengal 425 20 330 55 830 TOTAL 5159 3011 5084 3921 17175 of different states in lac processing during 2007- 08 has been presented in Table 52,53 and Fig. Agha n I 22.A3yo were 10 primary and 9 c,/) 40 respectively. There = secondary markets existing at national level in (5= -o which annual arrival of sticklac was more than -. 500 tons. Name of the primary and secondary Cc/) markets with annual arrival of more than 500 tons 6 arCD 296OY" j7 53y. have been presented in Table 54. Amount of lac CO Fig 38. Share of dffirent crops in lac production at processed in India during last three years has been = national level presented in Fig. 41. = O Table 52. Lac processing centers in India (2007-08) .== District (center) No. of processing units = - Chhattisgarh Bilaspur (Pendra) 2 Seedlac, Button lac € Dhamtari ll Seedlac. Button lac. Bleached lac C

Jajgir-Champa (Sakti) J Seedlac, Shellac, Bleached lac, Dewaxed Shellac, Lac dye

Kanker 2 Seedlac Korba (Kathgora) b Seedlac, Shellac, Bleached lac Rajnandgaon I Seedlac. Shellac a Jharkhand Daltonganj J Seedlac, Button lac Ranchi u Seedlac, Button lac, Shellac, Lac dye, Bleached lac, Aleuritic acid ICAR Simdega 2 Seedlac o) O Chandil Bleached lac @ o West Singhbhum Seedlac, Shellac c{ Madhya Pradesh Indore Seedlac, Bleached lac o Bankhedi Seedlac Ecl) Maharashtra Gondia o Seedlac, Shellac, Gasket Shellac Compound, (o =c Bleached lac West Bengal Purulia (Balarampur) 90 Seedlac. Shellac. Button lac. Bleached lac. Aleuritic acid. lac wax. Dewaxed Decolourised lac Purulia (Jhalda) A Seedlac. Shellac. Button lac Purulia (Tulin) 35 Seedlac, Button lac

Table 53. Amount of sticklac processed in India during 2007-08 Anpunt of Lac Rocessed in India including inported lac

State Districts/ Quantity Centers processed (tons) Chhattisgarh Bilaspur (Pendra) 100 Dhamtari 3600 Janjgir-Champa I 100 (Sakti)

Kanker 500 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 Korba (Kathgora) 3400

Rajnandgaon 250 Fig 41. ktc processing in India during last 3 years Sub total 89s0 Table 54. Markets with annual arrival of more than Jharkhand Daltonganj 600 500 tons during 2008-09 Ranchi 4800 States Primary Markets Secondary Chandil 60 Markets Simdega 250 Chhattisgarh Bhaisama Bazar, Dhamtari, West Singhbhum 50 Bhanupratappur, Kanker, c.) E Sub total 5760 Mohala Chowki, Kathgora, Sakti Madhya Pradesh Indore 100 C-3= Pali, Sambalpur -o Bankhedi 200 Jharkhand Jaldega, Palkot Bundu, Khunti, = Sub total 300 Daltongunj c/) 'cnc Maharashtra Gondia 1400 Madhya Barghat, Katangi ct) West Bengal Purulia (Balarampur) 10500 Pradesh E Purulia (Jhalda) ,nn Maharashtra - Gondia = Purulia (Tulin) 300 West Bengal - Balarampur CO Sub total 11000 =. Export of lac during 2007-08 O Total 27110 CD H Data on export of lac and its value added products = West Bengal c4 40 13% from India were collected from Directorate General of Commercial Intelligence and Statistics - Irrbdhya € Pradesh (DGCIS), Kolkata. The total export of lac and its 1 09% value added products during the year 2007-08 was lvlaharashtra 7906.33 tons valued Rs.124.27 crores. The top 5 11% fifteen importing countries of Indian lac are Egypt, Fig 40. Share of different states in lac processing national level Germany, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Indonesia, USA, Italy, UAE, Spain, Nepal, Jordan, UK, Japan, 180m Haiti and Austria and accounted for around 87 per 16000 cent of the total expotls by quantity and 75 per cent by value. Details of export in quantity and +Ajantily(t) -r-Value value during 2007-08 and list of top 15 countries (Rs, Lah) o importing Indian lac has been presented in the O Table 55 and 56 while the trend in export of lac o in quantity and value during last five years and -= 200!04 200+05 200F06 20000? 2007.08 share of different items of lac export from India = Fig 42. Trend in export of lac from India during last C. are shown in Fig. 42 and 43. five ye&rs Table 55. Export of lac and its value added products Other lac 4 810/o from India during 2007-08 Lac dye sl. Name of product Export in 2007-08 0 01% No. Aleuritic acid Quantity Value (Rs. Shellac wax fi.83"k (tons) lakh) 022%

L Shellac 417 |.91 6182.49 Button lac 632T0 l50l.l4 1942.84 2. Seedlac Gasket lac Shellac 0,01% 3, Sticklac 2.1'7 3.51 54 58% Bleached lac 4. Dewaxed & 82.25 215.48 ZB2yo Seedlac 15 63% Decolorized lac DDt 5. Bleached lac 191.40 350.81 1 73"k Sticklac 6. Gasket lac 0.31 1.50 0 03% 1. Button lac 628.62 185.63 Fig.43. Share of dffirent items of lac export from 8. Shellac wax 11.16 27.52 India (in value) 9. Aleuritic acid 141.61 1718.65 Import of lac in India during 2007-08 10. Lac dye 1.09 1.10 Data on import of lac in India were collected from 591 .34 11. Other lac 562.01 Directorate General of Commercial Intelligence Total 7906.33 12426.87 and Statistics, Kolkata. The total import of Table 56. Top 15 importing countries of Indian lac different kinds of lac during the year 2007-08 was c/> = during 2007-08 579'7 .22 tons valued Rs. 34.62 crores. Majority of (J= sl. Country Quantity Value (Rs. lac were imported from Indonesia and Thailand. -o c No. (tons) takh) Sticklac is imported from Indonesia and Thailand 1. Egypt 1 108.00 1435.70 while seedlac is imported only from Thailand. C. Q 2. Germany 991.71 1561.12 CD Details of import of lac in quantity and value ft' 3. Pakistan 943.5 8 t226.30 during 2007-08 have been presented in the Table co 918.46 1124.86 4. Bangladesh 57 and 58 while the trend in import of lac in 5. Indonesia 131.30 862.r4 = quantity and value during last five years and share 6. USA 601. I I 880.96 = of different items of lac import in India are shown 1. ltaly 3s6.23 446.47 CD in Fig. 44 and 45. P 8. UAE, 303.30 391.46 .== 9. Spain t92.33 410.95 Table 57. Import of different kinds of lac in India cU) during 2007-08 10. Nepal 156.30 63.17 C. 11. Jordan 122.00 162.62 sl. Name of product Import in 2007-08 € 12. UK 119.82 203.99 No. Quantity Value (Rs. I 3. Japan 108.91 r$.57 (tons) lakh) 14. Haiti 1 02.1 0 t30.62 l. Sticklac 451 1.09 2291.81 15. Austria 94.04 161.32 2. Seedlac f284.84 1154.43 16. Other countries 1051.14 3135.62 3. Other lac 1.29 15.35 TOTAL 7906.33 12426.87 Total 5797.22 3461.59 Table 58. Import of lac in India from different Information on around 350 numbers of countries during 2007-08 Exporters, Importers, Traders, manufacfiirers, GOs and \GOs related to natural resins and gums has been collected and compiled. The draft of the same has been prepared.

A write up in hindi was prepared and sent to AIR and DD Ranchi for telecast for creating 8000 awareness on Parthenium on the occasion 7m0 of 'Parthenium awareness week' 6-12 6000 Sept.2008. 5000 {-Aranb'ry(r) 4000 Participation -r-Vatue{R Lal6) of the Institute in different 3000 exhibition/ Kisan Mela / Kisan Gosthi etc mm for 1000 creating awareness and publicity on lac, 0 natural resins and gums - 17 Nos 200304 2004{5 2mtm 200607 2m7-08 Established linkages with two NGOs Fig 44. Trend in import of lac in India during last five ye&rs in Purulia District for promotion of lac cultivation and conducted two motivational CIher lac training also. 0.44% Seedlac Scientists attended the quarterly review meeting of AIR regularly and finalized the lac related topics for recording and telecast. Scientists attended the Inter Media Publicity Coordination Committee. Meeting regularly Sticklac at 66.21% various Govt. Departments in Ranchi. Scientific Advisory Fig. 45. Share of different items of lac import in India Committee meetings of (in value) Ramakrishna Mission Ashram, Divyayan Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Morabadi were 3.3.2 Strengthening, liaison, information and attended. advisory services on natural resins and gums Visited Jagdishpurvillage ofDistrict Kodarma o d Mumbai based varnish manufacturing (Jharkhand) on May 30, 2008 for training unit (M/s PNP Corporation) sought some cum awareness programme organized by suggestions for improving the quality of his KVK (CRURRS-CRRI), J ainagar, Koderma. varnish. Necessary suggestions were given Kisan Gosthi was attended by 80 farmers. to the firm. Questionnaires for lac processing units who . The problem faced by M/s Tajna shellac Pvt. had taken training in the preparation of lac dye (6 nos.)Aleuritic Ltd., Khunti in preparation of quality lac dye acid(19Nos.), bleached lac (14 nos.) during last 10 years have been was studied and proper remedial measures prepared and sent for feed back. were suggested. Correspondences with farmers, entrepreneurs . Scientist regularly attended the meetings at and other respondents for information and All India Radio andproposals were given for guidance on various aspects of lac, training inclusion of topics for recording and telecast related mafters through letters and telephone related to crop production and protection. >200 Nos. . Information has been collected from primary Survey has been conducted inAndhra Pradesh and secondary sources for preparation of and Gujarat for collection of information and Directory related to natural resins and gum. data on gums produced in the state. . Show case consisting of lac based materials by the Institute. Necessary plant protection and photographs have been displayed in the measures have been taken on advice of War memorial museum at Dipa Toli Cantt, IINRG. Ranchi. Crop monitoring Front line Demonstration . Three Blocks namely Gurundia, Lahunipara . Established linkages with 5 KVKs in and Kutra of Sundargarh district, Orissa Jharkhand located at Koderma, Palamau, were visited for monitoring of the kusmi lac Gumla, Lohardaga and Garhwa for lac crop on ber and kusum and necessary advice promotion activities were provided. The lac cultivation has been initiated first time in the area. Lac cultivation . Institute has facilitated 105 Kg The is being promoted in the district by Regional rangeeni broodlac for initiatin g rangeeni lac Offi ce, TRIFED, Bhubaneshwar. cultivation on palas trees to KVKs located at Palamau, Gumla, Lohardaga, Garhwa and . Crop monitoring was also carried out at Koderma. Necessary advice has been given Putidih (West Bengal) and Khunti area for for taking plant protection measures. The monitoring of rangeeni lac crop. crop is progressing well. . . Necessary advice has been given for taking . The Institute also facilitated 100 kusmi plant protection measures during raising of broodlac for initiating kusmi lac cultivation kusmi and rangeeni lac crops by the NGOs on kusum and ber to KVK Lohardaga and and KVKs. KVK Palamau. Necessary advice has been . Monitoring of lac crops in Putidih, Jamtara, given for taking plant protection measures. Dhanbad and Khunti areas. o I plantation of Flemingia semialata (4,000 . Officials visited Chandwa, Herhanj, Kundri, plants) has been raised on 0.5 ha land at Daltongunj, Garhwa, Saraidih, Ramkanda, Dalpur Ashram, Bankura. Kusmi lac (aghani Chianki, Garu etc. areas for assessing the crop) has been raised on about 1,000 reasons for insect mortality and poor lac crop semialata plants from the broodlac provided in the areas. 4.1 Insect Improvement SI Project Principal Investigator collection, conservation, characteization and documentation of lac insect bio- Dr. K. K. Sharma diversity.

2. Field evaluation of promising lac insect races, lines and breeds for higher productivity Dr. Md. Monobrullah and superior performance.

4.2 Host Impnovement J. collection, conservation, characteization and documentation of lac host bio- Sri S.C. Srivaastava diversity.

4 Host plant evaluation and improvement for lac productivity and summer Dr. R. Ramani sustainability.

5 Clonal propagation of Schleichera oleosa (kusum), a major lac host plant through Dr. D. Saha tissue culture.

4.3 Crop Production 6. Studies on in-situ moisture conservation techniques for raising mixed plantation of Sri R.K. Singh ber and, kusum.

t. Development of kusmi lac cultivation technology on Albizia procera (Siris). Dr. A.K. Jaiswal 8 collection, identification and assessment of the diseases of commercial lac hosts. Dr. A.K. Singh 9. Management of sooty mould, causing lac insect death and failure of lac crop. Dr. A.K. Singh 10. Soil fertility management of ber (2. mauritiana) for shoot growth and lac yield Dr. S. Ghosal (aghani). 1l Production of quality broodlac on kusum and palas at different agro-climatic region. Dr. K.K.Sharma t2 Evaluation of potential herbicides for weed management in semialata and, ber Dr. B.P. Sinsh plantation.

l3 Development of lac production system using high density ber plantation under semi Dr. R. Ramani protected conditions. (NABARD sponsored)

4.4 S and Product Development 14. Synthesis of thiosemicarbazide and thiodiazole from aleuritic acid and testins its Dr. Divya activity as antifungal / hypoglycemic / antinemic. 15. comparative evaluation of physico-chemical anti-inflammatory and hypolipidemic Dr.M.Z. Siddiqui properties of oleo gum resins from Boswellia serrata, Commiphora mukul and Commiphorawightii.

t6 Synthesis of hydrogel from gum acacia and gum karaya for their comparative Sri S.K.S.Yadav evaluation in drug release. 17. Screening of bioactive compound synthesized from aleuritic acid. Dr. R.N. Majee 4.5 Surfoce Coating and Use Diversification l8 Development of surface coating formulation based on shellac synthetic resin/polymer Sri M F Ansari blends. t9 Documentation and characlerization of physico-chemical properties of plant based Dr. K.P. Sao gums of commercial importance. 20. Preparation and market evaluation of heat and water proof shellac varnishes for Dr.M.Z. Siddiqui wooden surfaces and air dryittg type shellac based glazing vamishes.

21 Comparative performance of water soluble lac vamishes and their keeping quality by Sri P.M. Patil using different alkalies.

4,6 Processing and Storage 22. Establishment of commercially viable pilot plant for preparing pure/food grade lac Dr. K.M. Prasad dye. /,5. Storage loss assessment for lac and lac based products. Dr. S.K. Giri 24. Establishmentofcommerciallyviableplantofaleuritic acidfortraining, demonstration Dr. S.K. Giri and process refinement. 25 Design and development of seedlac dryer. Dr. N. Prasad 26 Establishment of pilot plant for dewaxed bleached lac (40 kg capacity) for training Er. M. Prasad demonstration and process refinement.

4.7 Human Resource Development (HRD) 27 Training, demonstration, extension education and information service on lac culture, Dr. A.K. Jaiswal processing and product development. 28 Enhancing livelihood options for poor tribal families of the Jharkhand state through Dr. K.K. Sharma capacity building in cultivation of lac and its value addition (JLDS). 29. Skill development and capacity building in lac culture through training and Sri. Y.D. Mishra demonstration in Gujrat. (Gujarat Govt. Project) 30. Developing sustainable farming system models for prioritized micro water shed in Dr. A.K. Jaiswal rainfed area in Jharkhand under component 3: sustainable rural livelihood security (SRLS) of National Agricultural Innovation Project (NAIP component-3). 31 Improving rural livelihood security through sustainable Integrated Farming DrA.K. Jaiswal System Model and Allied Enterprises in Bastar Region of Chhattisgarh (NAIP component-3)

4.8 Technology Assessment, Refinement and Dissemination J. P. 32. I Evaluation of some newer insecticides and bio-pesticides for eco-friendly lDr. Singh management of insect pests associated with lac insect and host plants.

4.9 Liaison,Information and Advisory Service JJ. Informatics on lac production, marketing and processing. Dr. Govind Pal 34 Strengthening, liaison, information and advisory services on natural resins and Dr. A. Bhattacharya gums. 5.1 PUBLICATIONS Pal G, Bhagat ML, Bhattacharya A. 2007. Socio-economic characteristics of lac 5.1.1 Research Papers growers in Jharkhand. Manage Extension . Bhattacharya A, Kumar S and Jaiswal AK. Research Review, S (2): 61-68. 2007. Evaluation of Trichogramma species Patil PM, Ansari MF and Prasad KM. 2008. for the suppression of lepidopteran insect Comparative performance of water soluble predator Eublemma amabilis Moore in lac lac varnishes using different alkalis. Paint culture on Flemingia macrophylla. Journal India,58 (12): 79-84. of B iological Control, 2l (2): 267 -27 0. Prasad N, Baboo B. and Pandey SK. 2008. . Ghosal S. 2007. Effect of pruning time Design and development of pedal operated and lac inoculation on ber ( Z. mauritiana) lac washing machine. Indian Journal of : Consequences on shoot growth, fruit Agricultural Sciences, 78 (1): 95-97 . production and partitioning of assimilates. Journal of Researcft (BAU), l0 (2): 243- Ramani R, Sharma KK, and Kumar P. A new 247. record oflndian lac inse ct, Kerria lacca (Kerr) (Coccoidea: Tachardidae) Euphorbia . Ghosal S. 2008. Eflect of different pruning on pulicherrima (Euphorbiaceae). Indian times on aghani yield from ber (Ziziphus Willd. of Fores -284. mauritiana). Environment and Ecolog,,, 26 Journal try, 3l(2):283 (3): 1020-1022. Sao KP, Panday SK and Baboo B. 2008. Formaldehyde-free . Ghosal S. 2008. Effect of different pruning sticklac and arhar stick times of ber (Ziziphus mauritiana) in composite board. Journal of Scientific and relation to aghani lac yield. Environment Industrial Research, 67 :314-318. and Ecology,2T (l4t):275-277 . Sharma KK, Kavita K and Suman L.2007. . Goswami DN, Ansari MF, Day A, Prasad N Host plant mediated variations in resin and Baboo B. 2008. Jute-fibre glass-plywood/ producing efficiency of Indian lac insect, particle board composite. Indian Journal of Kerria lacca (Kerr) (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Chemical Technologt, 15: 325 -331. Tachardiidae). Entomon, 32 (3): 203 -207 . Sharma P and R. . Jaiswal A K, Bhattacharya A, Kumar S KK, Kumar Ramani 2008. and Singh JP. 2008 Evaluation of Bacillus Pest sprectrum of lac insects collected from thuringiensrs Berliner subsp. kurstaki for lac growing and non-lac growing regions of management of lepidopteran pests of lac India and their emergence profile. Journal of Ins s (3): insect. Entomon, 33(1) : 1-5 ect cience, 2l 290-294. Singh Sarkar PC . Jaiswal AK, Bhattacharya A, Kumar S and D, and Srivastava S. 2008. Effect lac Singh JP. 2008. Evaluation of Bacillus of based formulation on incidence italicum on kinnow fruits. Indian thuringiensrs Berliner var. kurstaki on kusmi of P Phytopathology, 6l (I), 7 9 -82. winter crop for management of lepidopteran pests in lac culture. Indian Journal of Singh JP, Jaiswal AK, Monobrullah Md

Entomologt, 70 (2): 1 53-1 56. and Bhattacharya A. 2008. Evaluation of insecticides for management of pentatomid In Construction of rural godowns and bng, Cyclopelta obscura - a pest of palas, promotion of lac based industries in Butea monosperma. Indian Journal of Jharkhand at Hotel Landmark. Ranchi on Entomolog1,,, 70 (4): 4lI- 413. May 23,2008. . Singh RK, Singh BP, Baboo B and Singh Giri SK, Srivastava S and Baboo B. 2008. B. 2008. Impact of in-situ moisture Application areas of natural resins and gums. conservation practices on soil moisture and In proceeding of the XLII ISAE Annual growth of ber and kusum for sustained lac Convention and Symposiumheld at CIPHET production in Jharkhand. Indian Journal of Ludhiana, Punjab. Soil Cons ervation, 36 (2): I 05- 1 08. Monobrullah Md., Sharma KK and Ramani 5.1.2 Papers presented / contributed in R. 2008. Exploring feasibility of re-initiation conferences / symposia / seminars of lac cultivation in Jammu Division of J & . Ansari MF. 2008. Lac and lac based products: K. 3'd J & K Science Congress, 306-307 pp Entrepreneurship potential. Seminar on Pal Govind, Jaiswal AK and Bhattacharya Construction of rural godown and promotion A. 2008. Export scenario of lac from India, lac based .in of industries Jharkhand' on lst International Conference on Recent May 23, 2008 at Hotel Landmark, Lalpur Development in Economics, Finance and Chowk, Ranchi, organized by Federation Accounting and Econometrics during Jharkhand of Chamber of Commerce and September 8-12,2008, at New Delhi, Industry GJCCI), New Delhi. Pal G. 2008. Lac production, processing . Ansari MF. 2008. Technologies available for and trade. 1n Construction of rural godowns commercialization. presented in the seminar and promotion of lac based industries in 'One day awareness prografirme on shellac Jharkhand at Hotel Landmark. Ranchi on cluster', under the aegis of Ministry of May 23,2008. M.S.M.E., Govt. of India, jointly organized Prasad by DIC, Purulia and Balrampur, West Bengal, N and Pandey SK. 2008. Drying characteristics KLKSB Samiti on September 4,2008. of seedac. Paper presented in 42"d ISAE Annual Convention and . Baboo B, Prasad N and Pandey SK. 2008. Symposium held at CIAE, Bhopal during Lac industry by-product utilization. Paper February 1-3,2008. presented in 42"d ISAE Annual Convention Prasad N. 2008. Small scale lac processing and Symposiumheld at CIAE, Bhopal during unit Construction February 1-3,2008. In of rural godowns . and promotion of lac based industries in Baboo B. 2008. Prospects of lac in Jharkhand at Hotel Landmark. Ranchi on Jharkhand 1n Construction of rural godowns May 23,2008. and promotion of lac based industries in Saha D, Ranjan SK, Sharma KK, Ramani Jharkhand at Hotel Landmark, Ranchi on R. and Baboo May 23,2008. B. 2008. From cytology to Biotechnology: a progressive endeavour . Bhattacharya A, Jaiswal AK and Singh JP. towards modern lac biology. In Souvenir 2008. Management of lac insect predators of the International Conference on through IPM based bio-rational approaches. Transdisciplinary Biological Research National Symposium on Emerging Trends (ICTBR-2008) organized by the International of Researches in Insect Pest Management Consortium of Contemporary Biologists and Environmental Safety, organized by UP (ICCB) and Madhawi Shyam Educational Zoological Society at Haridwar, Uttarakhand Trust (MSET) at IINRG, campus, Ranchi, during September 24-26, 2008 and presented India during November 20-22,2008. pp. 3l a research paper. . Saha D, Kuamr V Jain PK, Bhat S.R. BhattacharyaA.2008.IINRG-Introduction, and Srinivasan R. 2008. Functional Services provided, Technologies developed. characterization of Lateral Organ Junction (LOJ) gene and its promoter in Arabidopsis 5.L.3 Books / Book Chapters/ Bulletins / thaliana. In Program and abstracts of the Training Manuals l9'h International conference on Arabidopsis . Bhattacharya A, Jaiswal AK and Singh JP. Research. Montreal, Canada JuJy 23-27, 2008. Management of lac insect predators 2008. pp. 91. through IPM based bio-rational approaches. Sharma KK, Ramani R. Saha D and ln: Emerging Trends of Researches in Insect Baboo B. 2008. Exploiting the variations Pest Management & Environmental Safety, in biological attributes of lac insects of ( ed. S.C.Goel). Uttar Pradesh Zoologrcal Kerria spp. ( Tachardiidae :Homoptera) : Society, Muzaffamagar, Uttar Pradesh. Opportunities and Challenges. Presented Suppl. 4 (l):221-226. in the International Conference on Trans- . Giri SK, Prasad N, Pandey SK, Prasad M Dis ciplinary Biolo gical Res earch organized by Madhawi-Shyam Educational Trust and Baboo B. 2008. Natural resins and gums (MSET) and International Consortium of of commercial importance - At a glance Contemporary Biologists (ICCB) at IINRG, (Technical bulletin) pp: 1 -39 Ranchi during November 20-22, 2008. . Monobrullah Md, Singh JP and Giri SK. Siddiqui MZ. and Bangali Baboo. 2008. 2008. Compilation of 1 0s Plan achievements, Diversified Resource use of Guggul. 2o pp. International Symposium on monitoring . Pal G, JaiswalAK and BhattacharyaA.2OO8. and . modulating global resources of Lac statistics at a glance - 2008 IINRG- : Nature environment and food contaminants Technical Bulletin 16 pp versus chemicals held at Guru Anand Dev. . 2008. Veterinary & Animal Sciences University, Pandey _SK, Prasad N and Giri SK. Ludhiana during October 16-18, 2008. Project Profile onAleuritic acid. pp: l-12 Singh JP, Jaiswal AK, Monobrullah Md. . Pandey SK, Prasad N and Prasad M. 2008. and Bhattacharya A. 2008. Evaluation of Project Profile on Bleached lac (Cap. 50 kg/ insecticides for management of pentatomid day), pp 1-20. (Lepeletier brg, Cyclopelta obscura & . Pandey SK, Baboo B and Prasad N. 2008. major pest of palas, Butea Serville) - a Project profile on Small scale lac processing monospelma. National Conference on Pest unit for seedlac (cap. 100 kg sticklaclday). Management Strategies Food Security for pp. at Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, organized by Indira Gandhi Krishi . Pandey SK and Prasad N. 2008 Lac Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur and Applied processing unit for button laclhand made Zoologists Research association, Cuttack, shellac (cap.100 kg /day). Orissa during May 2-3,2008,42-43 pp. . Sharma KK, Ramani R and Srivastava SC. Singh RK, Ramani R and Baboo B. 2008. 2008. Descriptors for lac insects with special Jharkhand mein jal vibhajak prabandhan reference to Kerria spp. NationalLac Insect mein lakh adharit krishi vaniki bhumika. Germplasm Centre, IINRG, Namkum, Presented in National seminar on Rashtriya Ranchi-834010, India, vii + 40 pp. paripelrsh mein jal samikshan ki stithi avum . Singh AK and Baiswar Pankaj. 2008. lcrishi mein iska mahatava held during Influence of weather parameters on plant September 19 -20, 2008, IINRG,Ranchi. diseases. In Climate Change and Food Yadav SKS. Srivastava S and Prasad M. 2008. Security (eds: M Datta, NP.Singh and Er. Slow release urea for improved nitrogen use D Daschaudhuri),. New India Publishing Fertilizer efficiency; National Seminar on Agency, New Delhi, pp.163-170 kchnolog,,: 21" Century Challenges and Options" organized at Dept. of Chemical . Srivastava S, Baboo B and Giri SK. 2008. Engineering, Institute of Technology, BHU, Quality Evaluation Laboratory - IINRG - A Varanasi, 49 pp. booklet. pp 16. . Srivastava S and Singh R. 2008. Directory of . Saha D, Ramani R and Srivasatava SC. lac related organization in India and abroad - 2008. Assessment of molecular diversity A IINRG Publication. pp. in Ziziphus germplasm collections. Natural Resins and Gums IINRG Newsletter. 12 5.1.4 Popular Articles (2):3. . Ansari MF, Baboo B and Pandey SK. 2008. . Singh BP. 2008. Relative frequency of weeds Capping cement used in electrical lamp in lac host plantations. Natural Resins and industry ICAR News, M (2):22 pp Gums IINRG, News letter,12 (1) : 5-6. . Baboo B. Goswami DN, Singh DD and . Singh RK, Pal G. and Giri SK 2008. Lac- a 2008. Multipurpose glazing varnish based profitable enterprise forrural andunemployed on shellac and synthetic resin. Paint India, youth. Rashtriya Krishi, 3 (2): 106-107. 67 pp 5.1.5 Institute Publications . MishraYD and SinghBP.2008. Demonstation . An ISO 9001-2000 certified of integrated kusmi lac production of Quality Evaluation Laboratory Booklet, 16 pp Flemingia semialata with vegetable crops. Natural Resins and Gums IINRG, News . IINRG-Natural Resins and Gums letter 12 (1) : 6. Newsletter,, l2(l) : 20 pp . . PalG, BhattacharyaAandJaiswalAK.200T. Natural Resins and Gums of Commercial Importance At a Glance,2008 : 38 pp. Lac production and processing assessment in - India. ICAR News, 13 (4): 5 pp . IINRG Annual Report, 2007-08, 89 pp . PalGovind,SinghRKandSrivastavaS.2008. . IINRG-NaturalResins andGumsNewsletter. Lakh Ki Kheti- AdhikAay Avam Rozagar Ka 12 (2): 16 pp Shro, Rashtriya Krishi, 3 (l):73-7a . Lac Statistics at a Glance - 2008 : 14 pp . Pal Govind, Singh RK and Bhattacharya A. . Descriptors for lac insects with special 2008. Lac cultivation in Jharkhand : Status reference to Kerria spp: 40 pp and Prospects, Rashtriya Krishi, 3 (1): 35- . 10tr PlanAchievements: 20pp 36. . StatuspaperonFood applications oflac dye: . Prasad N, Baboo B, Pandey SK and Jaiswal 1o pp AK. 2008. Empowering rural women- through small-scale lac-processing unit. . IINRG-NaturalResins andGumsNewsletter, Indian Farming,58 (1): 9,13. 12 (3): 16 pp . . Ramani R, Saha D and Ranjan SK. 2008. IINRG-NaturalResins andGumsNewsletter. DNA fingerprinting pattern revealed in 12(4): 16pp normal and colour mutants of lac insects. Natural Resins and Gums IINRG Newsletter. 12 (I):3-4. . Ramani R. 2008. High density planting system of ber for lac production. Natural Resins and Gums IINRG Newsletter. 12 @):4. Ramani R. 2008. Record of new lac host species. Natural Resins and Gums IINRG Newsletter,12 (1): 5. Release of lUh Phn Achievements by Dr OP Dubey, Ex ADG (Plnnt Protection) Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi during March 3-5, 2008 and put up a stall on lac. ICA.B Shri RN Vaidya and Sri RP Srivastava dJ O participated in the Annual Silk Kisan Mela O 2008, organized by Regional Sericulture C\..t Research Station (Central Silk Board), o o Ranchi on March 14,2008 and put up a stall E on lac. c c C Dr. MZ Siddique and Shri RN Vaidya Release of directory by Dr S Ayyappan DDG participated in the Tasar Mela cum Exhibition, (Fisheries) organized by Central Tasar Researcb & Training Institute, Nagri, Ranchi on March 5.2 PUBLICITY 19, 2008 and put up a stall on lac. 5.2.1 Participation in Kisan Melas and Dr. G Pal, Scientist (SS) participated in the Exhibitions Global Agro-Industries Forum : Increasing . Dr. JP Singh, Sr. Scientist participated in competitiveness and development Impact the Kisan Gosthi at Khelgaon Lagam, in Exhibition organized at NASC Complex, New Delhi, during April 8-10, 2008 and put the 5th Pratibha Darshan Mahotsabh (Iftishi up a stall on lac, natural resins and gums Mela) organized by All Jharkhand Farmer's Association, Silli, Ranchi on February 2, Dr. S Srivastava, Dr M Z Siddique and Sri 2008. R N Vaidya put up a stall on lac, resins . and gums in the Exhibition held during the Dr. JP Singh, Sr. Scientist and Shri K Sharan, Annual Workshop of AICRP, organized at Museum Attendant participated in the 30th BAU, Ranchi on April 26, 2008. Annual Central Kisan Mela organized by Dr. G Pal, Scientist (SS) and Shri K Sharan Rama Krishna Mission at Getalsud Farm, participated in the exhibition organized by Ranchi February put during 7-8, 2008 and NABARD, Ranchi at Ashoka Hotel, Ranchi up a stall on lac. on May 12,2008. . Dr. G Pal, Scientist (SS) and Shd RN Vaidya, Exhibition on lac based products was c./) E TO participated in the National Vegetable organized at Hotel Landmark, Ranchi on the C5= Farmers' Fair at IIVR, Varanasi, Uttar occasion ofthe Seminarentitled "Construction -o C. Pradesh during February 9-10, 2008 and put of rural godowns and promotion of lac based c/) up a stall on lac. industries in Jharkhand" C. rrOJ . Sri RK Singh, Sr. Scientist and Shd RP Dr. JP Singh, Sr. Scientist and Shri K -= Srivastava, TO participated in the Krishi Sharan, Museum Attendant participated in Mela at Shankarpur, organized by AIMA, the All India Litchi Show at NRC for Litchi, CO= Hazaribagh on February 8, 2008 and put up Mushahari, Muzaffarpur, Bihar during June =.l+ a stall on lac. 8-10, 2008 and put up a stall on lac. The CD P stall was visited by Hon'ble Agriculture . Dr AK Jaiswal, Sr. Scientist and Sri DK .t= Minister and other ICAR disnitaries durine C/) Singh, TO participated in the District Level -c the exhibition. C. Exhibition cum Kisan Mela, organized by -o.co AIMA, Jamtara, at Gandhi Maidan, Jamtara Dr SK Giri, Scientist (SS) and Shri K Sharan, C. during February 25-26,2008 and put up a Museum Attendant participated in the stall on lac. Second Green Revolution Summit & Agro Protech Expo 2008 exhibition organized by . Shri RN Vaidya, RP Srivastava and Sri Smt. ICC and Ministry of Agriculture at Science participated Ratna Sen in the AGROTECH City, Kolkata during September 24-26,2008 2008, Kisan Mela organized by Birsa @ and put up a stall on lac. . Shd A K Sinha. TO and Shri Kameshwar Dr. G Pal, Scientist (S S) visited Chhotaudepur, Sharan, Museum Attendant. participated in Sankheda, Vadodara, Ahmedabad, the 28ft India International Trade Fair held at Himmatnagar in Gujarat for collection of Pragati Maidan, New Delhi during November data and information on lac and natural gums 14-27,2008. The Institute had put up its stall in the state during July 13-21, 2008. in the Jharkhand and ICAR Pavilions durins Dr. G Pal, Scientist (SS) and Shri Madan the Fair. Mohan visited Bhubaneshwar, Balasore, . Institute participated in the Udyog Mela Mayurbhanj etc. districts in Orissa for organized by the Industries Dept., Govt. of survey oflac and gum producing areas and Jharkhand at Military Grounds, Morabadi, for collection of information and production Ranchi during November 15-25, 2008. assessment of lac and gum during August . Dr. BP Singh, Pr Scientist and Sri RNVaidya, 28- September 2,2008. TO participated in the exhibition organized Dr. A Bhatttacharya, Principal Scientist by AIMA, Hazar Ib agh during D ec emb er 22 - and Dr G Pal, Scientist (SS) visited the lac 24.2008. industries located at Khunti, Murhu and Field surveys / Crop monitoring Bundu for collection of information and production processing . Dr. G Pal and Shri Madan Mohan visited data related to lac and gathered Bilaspur, Korba, Janjgir-Champa, Surguja and validation of the information and Koria for assessment lac production earlier on august 26,2008. They also visited and other information related to lac durins the lac growing areas in Khunti district and January 3-8,2008. interacted with the farmers for assessing the . reasons for insect mortality and poor lac Dr. G Pal and Shri Madan Mohan crop. visited Jabalpur, Narshinghpur Piparia, Hoshangabad, Katni etc places in Madhya Dr. G Pal, Scientist (SS) and Shri Madan Pradesh during February 27 - March 4, 2008 Mohan visited Raipur, Dhamtari, Kanker, for assessment of lac production and other Bilaspur, Sakti, Korba etc. districts in information related to lac. nafural resins and Chhattisgarh during December 17-24, 2008 gums. for survey of lac traders, lac manufacturer and discussion with Forest officials, NGOs . Dr. G Pal, Scientist (SS) and Shri Madan etc. for collection of information and data Mohan, T2 visited Vishakapatnam, related to lac production and processing. Yizianagaram. Srikakulam and Raj amundry districts in Andhra Pradesh for survey of lac Dr. R Ramani, Dr. AK Singh, Dr. AK Jaiswal and gum producing areas for collection of and Dr. JP Singh visited Putidih, West Bengal information and production assessment of for crop monitoring of kusmi and rangeeni lac and gums during May 25-3I,2008. lac crops on December 12,2008 . Dr. A Bhatttacharya, Pr. Scientist and Sri Dr.AK Singh, Dr.ABhattacharyaand Sh. YD RN Vaidya, TO visited Chandwa, Herhanj, Mishra visited two villages in Khunti area Kundri, Daltongunj, Bhandaria, Garhwa, for monitoring of rangeeni lac crop raised Chianki and Garu areas for assessing the onber andkusmi lac crop onE semialata on reasons for insect mortality and poor lac December 18,2008. crop in the areas during June 5-6, 2008. The meteorological data of Chadwa and Chianki Dr A Bhattacharya and Sri P Pattamajhi were also collected. visited three Blocks (Gurundia, Lahunipara . Dr. SK Giri, Scientist (SS) visited and Kutra) in Sundargarh district during Chhotaudepur, Vadodara, Ahmedabad December 27-30, 2008 for monitoring of and Himmatnagar districts in Gujarat the kusmi lac crop on ber and kusum and for collection of information regarding provided necessary advice. Lac cultivation is processing and storage ofnatural resins and being promoted in the district by Regional gums during July 13-21,2008. Offi ce, TRIFED, Bhubaneshwar. Aw arene s s / E xp o sure Pro gramme Educational Tour for School/College students About 500 farmers hailing from Gumla . 32 UG students from BAU, Kanke visited the and Latehar districts visited the Institute on Institute on May 3, 2008 for an educational tour. They visited the Museum, Research o) February 1,2008 for an exposure. O @ Farm and were shown the film on lac. O Fourteen students and fwo teachers from BCKW Mohanpur, Kalyani, West Bengal . 22 students from Mandsaur, Institute of o Science and Technology, Mandsaur, Madhya o visited the Institute on Februarv 5. 2008 for E Pradesh visited the institute on November c an exposure. C= 11,2009. c Thirty farmers from Chaibasa visited . 53 students from Metas Seventh Day the Institute on Februaw 6. 2008 for an Adventists Collese. Ranchi on November exposure. 14,2009. Students (6) and Teachers (4) from Ranchi . 27 students from Ramgarh College, Ramgarh Women's College visited the Institute on on November 27,2008. February 18, 2008 for an exposure. . 75 students from Institute of Science and About 40 students from St Margaret School, Management, Pundag, Ranchi on December paid a Ranchi visit to the Institute on February 18,2008. 18, 2008 for awareness. . Other 19 students from different colleges About 165 Farmers and SHG members visited the Institute for an educational tour. from Tribal Research and Training Centre, They visited the Museum, Research Farm Karra Society for Rural Action and Gramin and were shown the film on lac. Vikas Trust from different Blocks of West I-ac Promotion Activities Singhbhum, Jharkhand visited the Institute on March 7 ,2008 for an exposure on lac. Raigarh (Chhattisgarh): Dr Bangali Baboo, Director alongwith Dr AK Jaiswal, Pr Scientist Dr A Bhattacharya and Shri S K Tripathy and Mr DK Singh, TO visited lac growing visited Bankura (Dalpur and Bohra villages) villages of Raigarh district in Chhattisgarh from and Purulia (Latulara, Dangordih and l-3 June 2008. The team visited Badpali village c/) Goalapara villages) in West Bengal for an of Raigarh block where around 8,500 plants E Awareness cum Trainins and Demonstration of Flemingia semialata were planted in July CJ= -o programme. 2007 on 4 acre of land. There were 40 trees of C. Dr A Bhattacharya and Dr. JP Singh visited kusum, which can be alternated with semialata <./) C. for maintaining crop cycle. The team also visited a Jagdishpur village of Koderma, Jharkhand on CD Darama, Tenda, Bastipali and Sardhap villages of t-Y- May 30, 2008 for anAwareness cum Training Gharghora block (around 40 kms. from Raigarh) co and Demonstration programme organized by .H where a lac development project under SGSY = KVK (CRURRS-CRRI), Jainagar, Koderma. sponsored by ZllaPanchayat and implemented by =. The Kisan Gosthi was attended by over 70 a NGO "Janmitram Kalyan Samiti" is being run. o) farmers. P The team noted excellent performance of kusmi .== (t) Exposure visit of 40 members of SHG lac crop onkusum trees. The team interacted with c from Tribal Research and Training Centre, more than 200 members of SHGs in Darama, C. z Chaibasa, West Singhbhum visited the Bastipali and Sardhap villages. A plenty of kusum c Institute on June13, 2008. trees were available in a cluster of 15 villages which have suitable climate for lac cultivation. Hundred farmers sponsored by BASIX, Bastipali and Sardhap village have around 1500 Khunti visited the Institute Museum and and 5000 kusum trees, respectively. Several kusum Farm during JantaryT-9, 2008 in three trees were able to produce more than 100 kg of batches for an exposure. broodlac, which costs around Rs. 13,000. Earlier farmers were fetching Rs. 250-500 per annum Ranchi: Dr. Bangali Baboo, Director, IINRG, from each kusum tree by sale of tree seeds. Visit Ranchi visited Mangobandh village of Namkum was also undertaken in Kudumkela village of block on24May 2008. He assessed the geography Dharamjaigarh sub-division of the district where and topography of the village and evaluated around 8,000 plants of Flemingia semialata was lac development programme of the village. Sri and ready for raised by SHGs during July 2007 Prakash Sanga, a progressive lac farmers and ex- inoculation in July2008.Around 600 quintals crop trainee of the Institute linked 35 farmers of the of kusmi broodlac is expected to be harvested village and formed SHG for lac. The village has during July from the working area. plenty of commercial host trees like kasum, ber Besides, a lac artisan centre in Dharamjaigarh and palas. While addressing around 60 farmers was also visited where the local rural youth mainly women, he reminded villagers that three based viable started producing lac commercially years back he addressed the farmers at the same products like lac bangles; lac based painted glass venue and there is a lot of changes since then in plate, paper weight, hair clip and other items. terms of people participation and awareness for Dr Bangali Baboo, Director, IINRG, Ranchi lac. He efforts ofMrPrakash Sanga complimented the NGO "Jan Mitram Kalyan appreciatedthe production in Samiti" and ex-trainees for their devotion and for implementation of scientific lac excellent work carried out in Raigarh district for the village and educating other farmers for the development of lac. Director also visited Balpeda same. Besides, he also suggested the farmers village of Dharamjaigarh sub Division for lac crop to plant new host on wasteland of village. This onkusum tree. Very large sizes ofkusum trees are village has plenty of ber trees and farmers have available in the areas as in Gharghora block. An adopted the Institute's technology of kusmi 7ac isolated kusum tree with lac crop of around 90- cultivation onbertrees on large scale. The farmers 100 ft. height was noted. A group of 20 farmers explained the technical problems faced by them involved in lac cultivation interacted with Dr like occasional mortality of lac insect resulting Bangali Baboo and Dr AK Jaiswal and answered shortage ofbroodlac, losses caused by Chrysopa technical questions raised by the farmers. sp. altack and dearth of money.

Dr. Bangali Baboo, Director, IINRG, Ranchi addressing Dr Bangali Baboo, Director, IINRG interacting with women self help group in Ranchi district, Iharkhand women self help group

The Institute facilitated 50kgkusmi broodlac each to KVK Lohardaga and Gumla as a promotional activity for raising aghani 2008- 09 crop. Crop inoculation, phunki removal and insecticidal spraying were carried out as per schedule and the crop condition is good. Seventy plants of Flemingia species (,8 semialata - 40 and F. macrophylla - 30)were transplanted for gap filling in the Technology Dr. Bangali Baboo, Director, IINRG, Ranchi being Park of BAU, Kanke, Ranchi and 15 plants shown exhibits prepared by Lac entrepreneurs of F. semialata were inoculated wrth kusmi strain oflac insect for raising aghani lac crop Pusa Campus and meet with Dr VP Kothiyal, in the Technology Park. Director (Works) regarding popularization and promotion The Institute arranged S|kgkusmi broodlac of Melfolac and Glazing Varnish. for crop inoculation onbertrees for the NGO, KGVK, Jamshedpur at Rajnagar Block. Dr. KK Sharma, PS, LP Division visited Assam duringAugust 5-10, 2008 for training The Institute facilitated 105 kg rangeeni and demonstration of lac cultivation. He broodlac to KVKs at Lohardaga, Palamau, had a meeting with Dr. RM Dubey, CCF to Garhwa, Gumla and Koderma a as explore the possibility of intercropping bushy promotional activity for raising baisakhi lac lac host plants with forest trees in about one crop. Crop inoculation, phunki removal and hectare area for livelihood generation. 250 insecticidal spraying were carried out as per g seeds each of four host-plants namely; schedule and the crop position is good. Albizia lucida, Acacia catechu, Flemingia macrophylla and semialata Dr. KK Sharma, PS, LP Division organised E were provided to him for intercropping among tree One -day orientation training prograrnme the plantations to be raised under the sponsored on February 6,2008 for 35 representatives project Natural Resource Management and of the NGOs selected for implementation of Integrated Livelihood (NaRMIL). He visited the JLDS project. Mr. RK Ranjan, Deputy the plantation site at Rani (about 40 km from Director, Welfare Department, Jharkhand Guwahati) and advised on technical aspects Govt. was also present on the occasion. The ofnursery raising ofbushy plants and layout participants were apprised of the objectives plan for plantation raising. of the project, role of each stake holder and activities to be carried out for effective One-day training programmes were implementation of the project. organised at Hojai (Nagaon) on August 07, 2008 and Kukurmara (Kamrup) on August Dr. KK Sharma, PS, LP Division organised 8, 2008. About 50 members of Joint Forest a five-day training programme for a scientist Management Committee (JFMC), Forest and a technical officer cif NRC Agroforestry R.angers and other forest officials attended Jhansi on different aspects of lac cultivation, the programme at each place. He delivered post-harvest and marketing of lac during lectures on Role of lac cultivation in income Marehl5-19.2008. and employment generation, Scientific MF Ansari, Scientist (SS) visited Vadodara methods of lac cultivation andpotential oflac and Ahmedabad districts of Gujarat during cultivation in North Eastern states. Pruning July I3-I7,2008 for collecting information of lac-host plant and broodlac inoculation about practice of mixing of salt with stick operations were also demonstrated to the lac and to have exposure on lacquering of participants. 10.0 kg broodlac was distributed furniture with lac in Sankheda. among the trainees who had lac-host plants. MF Ansari, Scientist (SS) visited Delhi Film on lac was also screened before the participants. during July l8-2I, 2008 to discuss and explore possibility of making shellac based Dr. Md Monobrullah, Sr. Scientist, Lp dental plates in commercial system of Division organized a farmer's camp on manufacturing the plates, Shriram Institute October 30, 2008 in collaboration with for Industrial Research for having exposure SKUAST:J at Raya Research Sub-Station of about surface coating facility, protocols and SKUAST-Jammu for lac cultivation on ber procedure for testing of materials etc. He and palas trees in the region. Farmers were also visited Krishi Anusandhan Bhawan. also shown the video film produced by IINRG and were exposed to a field demonstration which was broadcast bv DDK Ranchi on for harvesting, bundlin g and tyinglplacement March 22,2008. of broodlac. Literatures pertaining to lac Recording and telecast of-a'radio talk on cultivation were also distributed among the Lakh ki bazar Vyavasthaby,{IR,-Ranchi on farmers to enhance their knowledge in lac August 10,2008. cultivation. Twenty kg broodlac was given Dr. KK Sharma, Principal Scientist, Lac to Shri Ranjeet Singh and Md. Rafique (10 Production Division, delivered a TV talk on kg to each) ofvillage Raya for its inoculation Jharidar podhon par bagan laga kar kusmi on 20 palas trees. Shri Ashok Singh Jamwal lah ki vaigtanik kheti which was telecast by of village Suchani volunteered 20 palas trees DDK, Ranchi on July 25,2008. for lac cultivation under our supervision. Dr. JP Singh, Sr Scientist, delivered a TV 5.2.2 Radio / TV talks by Subject Matter talk on Care and management of kusmi lac Specialists crop telecast on July 29,2008 by Etv (Bihar/ Jharkhand). . Lac cultivation on Flemingia semialata was telecast on January 02,2008. Dr. JP Singh, Sr. Scientist, delivered a TV talk on Management of lac host plants and insect . Dr. KK Sharma, -Principal Scientist, Lac during winter seoson telecast on December Production Division, delivered a Radio talk 12,2008 by Etv (Bihar/Jharkhand). on Lah ki katai avum vipanan vyavastha 6.1 Participation in Conferences I ISAE Executive Committee meeting at New Meetings / Seminars etc. Delhi on May 14, 2008. 6.1.1By Dircetor Interaction with lac farmers groups in . Raigarh district and meeting with DFO, 42nd Annual convention of IASE and Dharamajaigarh for lac development work s5rmposium on crop residues, animal waste in the area on June 2, 2008. and by-product utilization, CIAE, Bhopal during February 1-3, 2008. Institute SFC meeting at ICAR, Krishi Bhavan, New Delhi on June 24,2008. . Management development prograrnme on National Symposium on "Enhancing "Leadership for innovation in agriculture" Productivity, Nutritional Security and Export Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow Potential through Arid Legumes", CAZRI, during February 4-8, 2008. Jodhpur during Jlur,;re 28-29, 2008. . RAC meeting of Central Tasar Research and Project Screening Committee meeting of Training Insitute, Ranchi during February Agril. Engg. Division of ICAR.on July 28'29,2008. 5-6,2008, at IINRG, Ranchi. . Science based agriculture transformation Interaction meeting on approach for towards alleviation of hunger and poverty in improving economic sustainability of SAARC countries. IFFCO and ICAR. New farmers through cluster and demand driven Delhi during March 5-7,2008. farming. August 1, 2008, MFPI, Govt. of . Zonalworkshop of KVKs (Zone II), ICAR, India, Project Bhavan, Ranchi. BAU, Ranchi during March 14-16,2008. ASRB foundation day programme and . XII meeting of Chemical Division Sub- technical session on issues related to committee CHD-23 (Lac, Lac Products & recruitment. NASC complex, New Delhi Polishes) at BIS, Manak Bhavan, New Delhi on November 4,2008. on April8,2008. Visited SKUAST Srinagar and delivered . ICAR-ICRAF Agro-forestry Workshop, a lecture on Natural Resins and Gums - A NASC, New Delhi during April 18-21, potential source of livelihood in forest, arid 2008. regions and mountains. SKUAST Kashmir on November 5, 2008. . Meeting with DDG (Engg.) and chairman, Technical advisory group meeting ofNAIP QRT for finalizing QRT and the prorgamme for review at ICAR, New Delhi on April23, (component - 2). LBS Building, IAR[, 2008. New Delhi on November 7,2008. . Ministry of Commerce, New Delhi and on Inaugural session of winter school on regular sharing of data on import and export "Recent advances in rainfed horticultur of natural resins and gums as also possible based farming system in plateau and hilly funding for overseas market research during region". HARP, Ranchi on November 11, May 4-5, 2008. 2008. . Research project committee of NAIP Organizedby FICCI and FJCCI under the (component - 3). KAB-II Pusa, New Govt. of India -LINCTAD-DFID Project Delhi on November I7.2008. on Strategies and Preparedness for Trade . National conference on Eco-friendly and Globalization in India. approaches in sustainable agriculture and Dr. Md. Monobrullah, Sr. Scientist, LP horticulture production. Amity University, Division attended Scientific Advisory Lucknow during November 28-29, 2008. Committee Meeting at KVK (CRURRS/ . 68th meeting of Board of Management, CRRD Jainagar of district Koderma on BAU, Ranchi on December 16,2008. March 10,2008. . Meeting of Directors and Project Dr. JP Singh, Sr. Scientist attended the Coordinators ofAg Engg. Division, ICAR, meeting of the IMPCC, Jharkhand at KAB-II, Pusa, New Delhi on December Doordarshan Kendra. Ranchi on March 12,2009. 13,2008. . Meeting of DDGs andADGs on technical Dr. G Pal, Scientist (SS) attended the programme of network project on Natural quarterly meeting of AIR, Ranchi for Resins and Gums, ICAR, KAB-II, Pusa, finalization of topics for telecast on March New Delhi on December 23.2008. 27,2008. 6.l.2By Others DrAKJaiswal, Pr. Scientist and DrJP Singh, Sr. Scientist attended and presented research . Dr A Bhattacharya, Pr. Scientist and paper in National Conference on Pest Head TOT Division attended the IMPCC Management Strategies for Food Security Meeting held at Dooradarshan Kendra, at Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Ranchi on January 2I,2008. Raipur during May 2-3,2008. . DrABhattacharya. Pr. Scientist and Head Dr Bangali Baboo, Director, A TOT Division attended the State level Dr Bhattacharya, Pr. Scientist, Dr N Prasad, Credit Seminar organized by NABARD Sr. Scientist, Dr G Pal, Scientist (SS), Shri on January 29, 2008 at Hotel Ashok, SK Pandey, Scientist (SS), Dr SK Giri, Ranchi. Scientist (SS) and Shd FAAnsari, Scientist . Dr A Bhattacharya,Pr. Scientist, Dr A K attended the seminar entitled "Construction Jaiswal, Sr Scientist and Dr N Prasad. Sr. ofrural godowns andpromotion oflac based Scientist attended the Launch Workshop industries in Jharkhand" at Hotel Landmark, of NAIP on Februarv 7. 2008 at BAU. Ranchi, organizedby Agri-Horticulture and Kanke, Ranchi. Agro-Rural Industries Committee on May . Dr A Bhattacharya, Pr. Scientist and 23,2008. Head TOT Division attended the Dr JP Singh, Sr. Scientist attended the Departmental Seminar (Chemistry) on Scientific Advisory Committee Meeting of Fragrance (Essential oils) at Ranchi RK Mission, Ranchi on May 28,2008. Women's College, Ranchi on February Dr AK Jaiswal. Pr. Scientist attended 16, 2008 and delivered lectures on the the IMPCC Meeting held at the Railway Applications of Lac and Management of Headquarters, Hatia, Ranchi on May 28, lac insect predators utilizing essential oils 2008. of grasses. Dr. N Prasad. Sr.Scientist attended All . Dr. N Prasad, Sr. Scientist attended Stake India Seminar on Recent Advances in Holder Consultation Workshop on India- Nanotechnology of the Art on June Japan Free Trade Agreement/Economic -State 14-15,2008 at BII Mesra. Organized by Partnership Agreement held on March Institution of Engineers (India) Jharkhand 05, 2008 at Hotel Capitol Ranchi. Hill, State Centre, Ranchi and BIT, Mesra. Dr G Pal, Scientist (SS) attended the Green Revolution Summit andAgro Protech quarterly meeting of AIR, Ranchi on June Expo 2008" during September 24-26,2008 10, 2008 for deciding the topics for the at Science City, Kolkata. quarter (July-September, 2008). Dr. JP Singh, Sr. Scientist attended the Dr A Bhattacharya, Pr. Scientist attended IMPCC Meeting held at Jharkhand StateAid 28ft Foundation Day Celebration function Control Society Office in Sadar hospital, of Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke on Ranchi on September 25,2008. June 26,2008. Dr. AK Jaiswal, Pr. Scientist attended the Dr. N Prasad. Sr. Scientist attended 3'd Ex Trainees Sammelan organized by R National Symposium on Enhancing K Mission, Ranchi on September 26-27, Productivity, Nutritional Security and 2008. Export Potential through Arid legumes Organized by IndianArid Legumes Society, Dr. BP Singh, Pr. Scientist visited KVK CAZP.[ Jodhpur during June28-30, 2008. Gumla located at Bishunprtr', Gumla, Jharkhand for attending the Scientific Dr JP Singh, Sr. Scientist attended the Advisory Committee meeting on September meeting organized Jharkhand Tribal by 29,2008. Development Society (JTDS) at Hotel Green Acres, Ranchi on June 30, 2008. Dr. KK Sharma, PS, LP Division visited National Bureau of Animal Genetic Dr. KK Sharma, PS, LP Division attended Resources. Karnal and Central Sericulture a meeting at Deputy Development Germplasm Resource Centre, Hosur (TN) Commissioner Office on July 29, 2008 during October 15-23,2008 for discussion organised by GVT for discussion on Rural and collection information various Business Hub. of on aspects of germplasm conservation Df. JP Singh, Sr. Scientist attended the especially molecular characterrzation, Seminar on "Geo-spatial technology", at evaluation, documentation and registration Hotel Capitol Hill, Ranchi, organized by of developed varieties. Leica Geospatial Ltd. on August 29, 2008. Dr JP Singh, Sr. Scientist aftended the Bhattacharya, Scientist and Dr. A Pr. meeting of IMPCC at Sadar Hospital, Ansari, Scientist (SS) attended and MF Ranchi on October 27,2008. presented the technologies available for commerciahzation in the seminar on'One Dr A Bhattacharya, Dr JP Singh and Dr day awareness prograrnme on shellac Anj esh Kumar attended the IMPCC meeting cluster', under the aegis of Ministry of for the month of November which was held M.S.M.E, Govt of India, jointly organized at IINRG on November 27,2008. DIC, Purulia Balrampur KLKSB by and Dr R Ramani, Head, Lac Production Samiti, on September 4,2008 at Balrampur, Division attended XIX Regional Committee Puarulia, West Bengal. No. 4 Meeting of ICAR on November 2I- Dr. JP Singh, Sr. Scientist attended the 22,2009 at IIVR, Varanasi. quarterly meeting of AIR, Ranchi for Dr JP Singh, Sr. Scientist attended the deciding the topics for the quarter October- meeting of IMPCC at DD Kendra, Ranchi December, 2008 on September 18, 2008. on December 23,2008. Dr. SK Giri, Scientist (SS) attended a3-day Conference and exhibition titled "Second 6.2 Human Resource Development Green Revolution Summit andAgro Protech Shd RK Singh, Scientist (Sr. Sc.) attended Expo 2008" during September 24-26,2008 a four day training programme on 'Project at Science City, Kolkata Management' at Indian Instifute of Forest Dr. SK Giri, Scientist (SS) attended a Management, Bhopal during February 26- Conference and exhibition on"Second 29,2008. Sri K.M.Sinha, TO, attended one week Shd RK Singh, Scientist (Sr. Sc.) attended a training programme on Technical and 2l-day training programme (winter school) Administrative support for Consortia- on 'Recent advances in rain fed horticulture based Research in Agriculture at National based farming systems in plateau and hill Academy of Agricultural Research regions', HARP, Ranchi. during Nov 11- Management, Rajendranagaq Hyderabad, Dec 1,2008. Andhra Pradesh during May 2l-27,2008. Sh. M. Prasad, Pr. Scientist attendedTraining Dr AK Singh, Pr. Scientist attended five cum Workshop on IP and technology days training progralnme on PME of management at NBFGR Lucknow during Agricultural Research & Development December 18-20.2008. Projects at NAARM, Hyderabad during Sh. C.L. Meena, JAO and Sh. Arun Gope, June 16-20,2008. UDC attended two days training programme DrAK Jaiswal, Pr Scientist & Co-PI and Shd on Financial Management System Under P. Singh, AAO attended two days training NAIP at BAU, Ranchi during December progralnme on Procurement procedures. of 22-23.2008. the world bank under NAIP at BCKY West Bengal during June 26-27, 2008. 6.3 Honours and Awards Dr N Prasad, Sr. Scientist, attended five Dr R. Ramani, Head, Lac Production days training prograrnme on Leadership Division received Prof. J.N.Chatterjea for Innovation in Agriculture at MANAGE, Memorial award 2008. Hyderabad during August 25 -29, 2008. Dr KK Sharma, Principal Scientist, Lac Sh. SKS Yadav attended a training Production Division received Senior programme on "IT-based Decision Support Scientist Award 2008 under Prof. PN Systems for Multimedia Development" at Mehrotra Memorial Chair and by Madhavi National Academy ofAgricultural Research Shyam Educational Trust (MSET), Ranchi. Management, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Dr. Md. Monobrullah, Senior Scientist, Andhra Pradesh during September 15-24, Lac Production Division was declared 2008. Life Fellow of Entomological Society of Sh. A.K. Sahay, TO, attended two days India. for his contribution in the field of training programme on Management Entomology and Agricultural Zoology by Developing Programme on performance the Entomological Society of India, New assessment of Agriculture organization at Delhi. NAARM, Hyderabad during September t9-20,2008. 7.1 Annual Lac Kisan Mela crops. He laid emphasis on planting of more lac host trees under social forestry programme. The Annual Lac Kisan Mela was organized at While lauding the role of the Institute under the Institute on 15 February,2008.The Lac Mela the able guidance of the Director in developing was inaugurated by Shri AK Sarkar, Principal efficient and farmers friendly technologies, Chief Secretary Agriculture and Cane Development Guest opined that progress made by the Institute Department, Jharkhand Government. DrNN S ingh, was excellent and the farmers S-hould use the Vice Chancellor, Birsa Agriculture University, techniques developed by the Institute to augment Ranchi presided over the function. Inauguration of mela began with the welcome address by Dr Bangali Baboo, Director who briefly explained the research accomplishment and various programmes being carried out by the Institute for the welfare of farmers and entrepreneurs. He said that the Institute is always ready to help the farmers as per their need and the Institute is regularly organizing incampus and off campus training programmes on scientific methods of lac cultivation. He also highlighted the Institute's Shri AK Sarkar, Principal Secretary, Agrirulture expanded mandate, which is now covering on all and Cane Development, Jhqrkhand Government. types of natural resins and gums including lac for inaugurating the Kissn mela research and development. The main objective of the mela was to expose the farmers, industrialists, entrepreneurs and government functionaries about lac based technologies developed by the Institute. * The ChiefGuest, while addressingthe gathering of |: farmers, scientists, entreprenures, representative ,G of GOs and NGOs, emphasized that with the t* G increasing demand ofnatural products, the demand Bangali Baboo, Director, the and consumption of lac has increased worldwide. Dr IINRG addressing audience He suggested the farmers to utilize wasteland for lac hostplantation and to undertake lac production Twenty stalls from diflerent organizations in a big way in the state as this is most suitable like Horticulture and Agro-Forestry Research crop in rainfed condition and undulating land of Programme (HARP), IFFCO, Jharkhand State Jharkhand poses limitation for better agriculture Cooperative Lac Marketing and Procurement lac production. Dr. NN Singh, Vice Chancellor, Birsa Agricultural University deliberated that the climate of the Jharkhand is congenial for lac production. Lac cultivation is the nature's gift for livelihood support to tribal farmers of the Jharkhand and the wasteland in the state should be utilized for growing lac to enhance the income of poor tribal farmers. Federation (JHASCOLAMPF), Institute of Forest Productivity (IPF), State Bank of India, TRIFED, JTDS, , Balaji Traders, National Enterprises, Golden Seeds, RK Mission, TRIBES, M/S Jaffar Ali Manihar, Pesticide Firms, NGOs and Entrepreneurs were put in the exhibition. More than 400 farmers, entrepreneurs, officials from GOs and NGOs from different parts of the Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh. Orissa, West Bengal, Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat participated in Kisan mela who were shown around the Institute T.2Project Screening Committee Meeting Research Farm. They were apprised of the for Agricultural Engineering Division various lac production technologies, new lac host plants introduced for lac cultivation and pest The project screening committee meeting for management methods. On this occasion a Kisan agricultural engineering division was held during Gosthiwas also organized in the afternoon session July 5-6, 2008 at IINRG under the Chairmanship NawabAli, DDG (Engg.), ICAR, New Delhi for redressal of the technical problems being faced ofDr. and following members attended the meeting. by the farmers. Specialists from IINRG, HARP, IFP and Birsa Agricultural University directly Dr. NawabAli, DDG (Engg.) Chairman interacted with farmers and tried to redress the Dr. Pitam Chandra, ADG (PE) Member technical problems faced by the farmers in lac Dr. M. M. Pandey, Director, CIAE, Member cultivation and other agricultural aspects. Dr Bhopal A Bhattacharya, Principal Scientist and Head Dr. R.T. Patil, Director, CIPHEI TOT was the convenor and Dr JP Singh, Senior Member Ludhiana Scientist was the co-convener of this event. Dr. S. Sreenivasan, Director, Member During this occasion, the Institute honored the CIRCOT. Mumbai farmers, entrepreneurs, industrialists, lac artisan Dr. S. Bhattacharya, Director, J ) MEMbET and Government officials from Jharkhand, NIzuAFT,KOIKAIA West Bengal, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Dr. Bangali Baboo, Director, Memberf,,^. Gujarat and Maharashtra for their outstanding IINRG, Ranchi contribution in the areas of production, processing Dr. Surindera Singh, PC FIM. rr^_ and promotion of lac. In farmer's category Sri CIAE MCMbCT Bhaweshwar Nareti, Devendra Nath; in the Dr. S.K. Routray, PC (UAE) Member entrepreneur's category S/sri Mukesh Goswami, Shaktidhar Koeri, Brajesh Kumar Mishra; in Dr. L.P. Gite, PC (ESA) Member industrialist cate gory Sri Gaj anan Agarwal, S amar Dr. S. K. Nanda, PC (PHT) Member Singh Jaiswal and in the lac promotion category Dr. P. R. Bhatanagar, PC (APA) Member Sri P.L. Solanki, S.S.Maiti, B. Anand Babu, K.C. Dr. S. K. Tandon, ADG (Engg.) Member Shashidhar and J. Amin were honoured. Secretarv Welcoming the members present, Dr. Nawab occasion. The plant has been designed and installed Ali, DDG (Engg.) apprised that the objective of at the Institute for training and demonstration to the meeting is to review the final reports of the potential entrepreneurs and for research purposes, concluded adhoc projects and to identif,i the which can produce 2 kg of aleuritic acid per batch output for fuither necessary action. During the from seedlac. meeting it was decided to bring out a consolidated Aleuritic acid, chemically 9, 10, 16- report on the significant achievements made under trihydroxypalmitic acid, is a major constituent adhoc projects. Dr. Pitam Chandra, ADG (PE) acid (-35%) of lac resin (shellac). The demand of further stressed to take good projects and identiSr aleuritic acid is continuously growing in foreign the output and outcome of the projects and also countries as well as in domestic market especially showed his concern for non-submission ofreports in the field of perfumery and pharmaceuticals. It ofthe adhoc projects. is an excellent starting material for the synthesis of different bioactive perfumery During discussion with Director's of Engineering and compounds like civetone, ambrettolide, isoambrettolide Division, DDG (Engg.) and ADG (PE) asserted etc., which have the musk like odour. Besides that there is an urgent need for projecting visibility the perfumery industries, aleuritic acid has its of the Engineering SMD during 11* plan and application in various fields such as glucose publish their significant achievements in ICAR monoaleuritate in medicines, preparation of reporler. The following areas like annual report, plastics with good adhesive properties, lacquers, publication of the Xth plan achievement, new as an antioxidant agent for protecting skin etc. research being done and future areas ofresearch, research load, expertise list, new frontier areas of research, film on engineering SMD, broucher "At a Glance", collaboration with other Institutes and network on horticultural mechanization etc. were identified. Dr. Bangali Baboo, Director, IINRG, Ranchi proposed vote of thanks to the chair and members.

Dr. Nawqb Ali, DDG (Engg.), ICAR inaugurating the pilot plant of Aleuritic aci"d 7.4 National Hindi seminar organized

Institute organized a National Hindi seminar on "Stafus ofwater conservation at national level and its importance in agriculture" during September 19-20, 2008. Sixty-five delegates including 26 experts from diflerent states and officials from Project Screening Committee Meeting for Agricultural ICAR, scientist and technical officers from HARP. Engineering Division NBPGR, and IINRG participated in the seminar. 7.3 Inauguration of pilot plant of aleuritic Addressing the inaugural session as chief guest acid Dr. AK Singh, DDG (NRM), ICAR, New Delhi dwelt on the importance and need for water Dr. Nawab Ali, DDG (Engg.), ICAR inaugurated conservation. He discussed about the problem of the Aleuritic acid pilot plant on July 6,2008 at arsenic in water and urban as pollutant Processing and Demonstration (PD) Unit of waste water the Institute. Dr. Pitam Chandra, ADG (PE), in agriculture and stressed upon the use of urban Dr. S.K.Tandon, ADG (Engg.) and Directors of waste water in agricultural work after treatment. other Engineering Instituties were present on the He laid stress on judicious use of water. Dr. KK Sharma, Principal Scientist and Convener of the seminar proposed vote of thanks and expressed hope that this programme will be helping to make the people aware about the water conservation simply through water harvesting. Seminar was conducted by Dr. Anjesh Kumar, Technical Offi cer (Offi cial Language). 7.5 Celebration of Institute foundation day Dr. AK Singh, DDG (NRM\ICAR, New Delhilighting To mark the occasion on the completion of 84 the lamp years of dedicated service to the Nation and to Welcoming the chief guest and delegates Dr. mark the occasion of 85fr foundation day of the Bangali Baboo, Director, IINRG said that the Institute on September 20, 2008, a lecture on topic is very important as the water problem is Remote sensing in Agriculture was organized very common despite good .rain and it can be at the Indian Institute of Natural Resins and reduced by water conservation only. Sixteen Gums. The lecture was delivered by Chief Guest papers were presented in the three technical Dr. A T Jayaseelan, Director, Jharkhand Space The meeting presided sessions of the seminar by the experts on status Application Centre. was by Dr. Bangali Baboo, Director of the Institute and all of water harvesting, condition of water level in the staffmembers of instifute attended a meeting. deserts, drinking water problem, irrigation system Dr. Jayaseelan elaborated the importance of used in agriculture, use of water for agriculture Remote sensing techniques and its application in in Jharkhand, use of agricultural implements in agriculture and he also emphasized that with the problem irrigation system, increase of silting help of satellite we can explore the possibilities of and pollution in rivers etc. Dr. Ashwani Kumar, suitable crop for the land being used. Addressing Director, WTCER, Bhubneshwar, chaired the the meeting as Guest of Honour Dr. Nagendra first technical session whereas, second and third Sharma, Ex. VC, SKUAST- Jammu appreciated ses sion were chaired by Dr. Anil Kumar, Profes sor the achievement ofthe Institute and said thatafter & Head, Agriculture Engineering Division, BAU, expansion of mandate the field of research has Ranchi and Dr. Shivendra Kumar, Principal considerably increased. Earlier Dr. Bangali Baboo welcomed the guests and congratulated the Scientist & Head, HARP, Ranchi, respectively. Dr. all officials on this precious occasion. He expressed Pitam Chandra, ADG (PE), ICAR reviewed the hope that with the active cooperation of all the recommendations of different technical sessions staffmembers we will be able to achieve the goal as chiefguest ofvaledictory session and stressed which we have set after expansion of mandate. the need to implement the diflerent practices of water conservation. Presiding over the session Director of the Institute Dr. Bangali Baboo asserted that despite paucity of experts from the field of water conservation we have taken up an important issue which is equally essential for all. He said that meaningful discussions have taken place on the topic and problem attached to it. Dr. Baboo emphasized upon implementation of suggestions emerged out of the seminar in the Dr. A T Jayaseelan delivering u lecture on Remote risht earnest. sensing in Agriculture 7.6 International Conference on Prof. SI Salaby, Laboratory of Complementary Transdisciplinary Biological Research Medicine, University of Cairo, Egypt; Dr. organized at IINRG Bangali Baboo, IINRG, Ranchi, Dr. Neelima Gupta, Ruhelkhand University, Dr. Janardan A three day International Conference on Jee, ICAR-RCER, Patna and Dr. E Muniraju, Transdisciplinary Biological Research (ICTBR) Bangalore. 22 presentations on different aspects was organized by International Consortium of of various transdisciplinary subjects were made (ICCB) Contemporary Biologists under the aegis by subject specialists from different parts ofthe of Madhwi-Shyam Educational Trust (MSET) in country. Eight posters were also displayed by the technical collaboration with Indian Institute of young researchers. Awards were given to three Natural Resins and Gums (IINRG) at its campus best presentations and two poster presentations. during November 20-22, 2008. A cultural evening involving local artists was also 110 registered delegates from USA, Egypt and organized for the participants. Dr. KK Sharma, Ethiopia and different states of India participated PS and local Organizing Secretary of the ICTBR in the Conference. Dr. Bangali Baboo, Director, coordinated the activities of the Conference and IINRG presided over the inaugural session of proceedings of the conference were facilitated by the Conference. Dr. GHR Rao, University of Dr. Mahendra Prasad. President. MSET & ICCB. Minnesota. USAwas the Chief Guest and Prof. SI Ranchi. Salaby, University of Cairo, the guest of Honour Some of the important recommendations made on this occasion. 15 scientists were conferred during the valedictory sessionwere : i) Organize and Senior ScientistAward under different Chairs and undertake the interdisciplinary applied biological 20 scientists were given Young Scientist Award research workshop and training centre / institute in appreciation of their research contributions at an appropriate location, ri) Organize quarterly for advancement of scientific knowledge in their meeting of ICCB, ifpossible, in collaboration with respective fields of specializationin the session. lo cal re s ear ch or ganizations I ike IINRG, C TR& TI and RU, Ranchi, iii) Publish a brief Directory of Proceedings of the conference were spread over scientists of local research organizations in the six technical sessions in which six plenary lectures, proceeding of the conference and iv) Organize the one in each technical session, were delivered by next conference in collaboration with Department distinguished experts - Dr. GHR Rao, Lillehei of State Sericulture at Nagrur, Maharashtra. Heart Hospital, University of Minnesota, USA; 8.1 Meeting of the 4th Quiquennial Review The first meeting of QRT of the institute was Team of the Institute convened at New Delhi on August 8, 2008 under the chairmanship of Dr. NawabAli, DDG (Engg). ICAR undertakes a quinquenial review of each It was also attended by Dr. Pitam Chandra, ADG institution to monitor the progress of research, its (PE) and Dr. Bangali Baboo, Director, IINRG. relevance and excellence critically and to provide guidelines for better achievement of the mission The 2"d meeting was conducted during September During the review meeting, and goals of the Institution by independent body 9-12,2008 at INRG. besides overall presentation of progress by the termed as QRT. It is generally carried out during Heads Administrative last year ofeach five year Plan. Director, all three ofDivision, Offi cer and Finance and Accounts Offi cer presented The Quinquenial Review Team for the IINRG, their salient achievements during last plan period. Ranchi for the period 2002-07 was constituted A11 the nine core program leaders presented their by the Director General, ICAR vide office order future strategies. The committee visited FLD's F.No.3(5)/2007 IA-II (AE) dated 26th June, 2008 in and around Ranchi to assess the impact of which comprises following members. the institute programme. They also visited M/s Tajna Shellac Factory at Khunti (Ranchi), HARP 1. Dr. O.P. Dubey, ExADG The team conducted their business (Plant Protection), and BAU. through four meetings held at New Delhi, Girijan ICAR, New Delhi. Chairman Co-operative Society, Vishakhapatnam, Raipuq 2. Dr. A.K. Pandey, Chhattisgarh and at the Institute. The team has Head. Non.Wood finalized their recommendation for submition to Forest Produce Division, the Director General,ICAR, New Delhi. Regional Field Research Centre,Jabalpur. Member 3. Dr. Md. Saleem, Prof & Head, Division of Agroforestry SKUAST, Chatha, Jammu Member

4. Dr. P. Kaushal, Dean (Forestry), BAU, Meeting of the 4'h Review Team of the Kanke, Ranchi. Member Quiquenninl Institute 5. Sh. V. Krishna Rao, 8.2 Institute Management Committee Chief Executive Ofifrcer, Kovel Foundation, Meeting Sagar Nagar, Vishakhapatnam, The 41't Institute Management Committee AndhraPradesh. Member meeting was held on 30'h September 2008 at 11.00 6. Er. Murari Prasad, in Kusmi Conference hall under the chairmanship PS & I/c PPD Division, Member of Dr. Bangali Baboo, Director and following IINRG, Ranchi. Secretary members attended the meetins. l. Dr. Bangali Baboo, Director, IINRG - Chairman 2. Dr. KP Tripathi, PS, CSWCR&TI, Dehradun - Member a Sh. DN Choubey (Farmers' representative), Gondia - Member 4. Dr. Anup Srivastava, GM (Forest Deptt.), Raipur (Representative of MD, CGMFP, Chhattisgarh) - Member 5. Dr. H A Khan, PS, CAZRI, Jodhpur - Member 6. Sh. Prem Shankar, F&AO,ICAR, RCER, Patna - Member 7 Er. Murari Prasad, HoD, PPD,IINRG - Member 8. Dr. AK Jaiswal, PS& Trg. Coord., IINRG - Member 9. Sh. P Singh, Actg. AO, IINRG, Ranchi. - Member-Secretary Welcoming the members present Dr. Bangali 8.3 Institute Research Committee Baboo, Director, IINRG presented a brief The Institute Research Committee (IRC) meeting progress report of the Institute activities and for the year 2008-2009 was held during April informed that it is first meeting of IMC after 15-17, 2008 under the Chairmanship of Dr. expansion of mandate and chhnge of name of the Bangali Baboo, Director, IINRG in the Institute Institute. All the HODs presented their research Conference Hall for scientific scrutiny of all achievements, Administrative Officer presented the projects, to suggest corrective measures successful the matter related to establishment, purchase for implementation of research programmes and suitability of the new project etc. and Finance and Accounts Officer presented proposals in the light of new expanded mandate fi nancial statement. Recommendations and action of the Institute. Dr. SR Bhatt, Principal Scientist, taken report of 40tb IMC meeting was presented NRC on Biotechnology, IARI, New Delhi and in detail and accepted unanimously. Following Dr Suresh Prasad, Professor, IIT Kharagpur were important recommendations emerged from the special invitees as outside experts in the meeting. meeting. Dr. RP Singh "Ratan", Director Extension, Birsa Agriculture University, Ranchi and Dr D Sasmal, . Extension of existing TOT Building to Head, Deptt of Pharmaceutical, BIT, Mesra, include one Conference Hall 250 seatine of Ranchi were not able to-attend the meetine due to capacity. some urgent engagements. . Renovation of residential quarters (Civil & In his opening remarks, Dr. Bangali Baboo, Electrical). Chairman, IRC and Director of the Institute. . Extension of Guest House as the present welcomed the Experts, Member Secretary and the Guest House is inadequate in its capacity to Scientists present in the meeting. Chairman accommodate guest. emphasizes the present scenario of meager . database, increasing demand of natural materials, Nomination of members to the Institute decreasing production base, decreasing manpower Grievance Committee. in research, increasing challenges, failure of lac . It was decided to explore the possibility of crop in some parts of Jharkhand and West Bengal. rainwater harvesting system. To address these issues he outlined some strategies as compile available information on gums and . Lac host tree will be planted at the Institute resins, develop package ofpractices for sustained entrance (Main gate). tapping, scientific method of lac cultivation, . Arrangement for lights in the Campus Parks processing, value addition, new products development with techno-economic analysis, . CD of trainingi demonstration programmes human intervention for increasing production of TOT for revenue generation and wide through plantation and efficient technologies, publicity. interaction with international organization like . Artificial bushes in the Campus. ICRAF, IFAD, WHO etc and national orsanization like MEF, MFPI etc were also suggested. He research projects and 2 new project proposals invited suggestions to identifu possible causes of were discussed. lac insect mortality and crop failure during brain To review the halfyearly progress ofthe research storming session. concluding remarks, In his projects, HalfYearly IRC meeting was held under IRC . Chairman offered following suggestions the Chairmanship of Dr. Bangali Baboo, Director, . He reminded of the purpose of IRC as to IINRG during November 24-25, 2008 in the consider, evaluate, recommend or reject Institute Conference Hall. Chairman suggested RPF-I, II and IIL that Two IRC be held in a yeaL The purpose of the mid-term IRC would be to review the half . Every Division should document and yearly progress ofthe research projects andAIR compile the highlight of the achievements / onRAC recommendations. PME cell shouldmeet recommendations emerging out of scientists at least quarterly to review progress and advise on work specially before their retirement. specific projects/prograrnmes. During two days . Divisional projects needs to be minimized deliverations the progress of on-going research and mega projects should.be preferred. projects were reviewed. In his concluding remarks the Chairman desires that: . He desired that Institute should fix its own target for enhancing productivity of lac and . The Scientists should contribute his best and for developing new products or processing maximum in R&D activiW in the interest of techniques fornatural gums andresins during the Institute. XI Plan. . Institute is having very good infrastructure . Documentation and follow-up of the major for R & D work and we should use these meetings, kisan mela etc is needed. infrastructure in R&D activity more and

. Scientists / PIs I Core prograrnme leaderl more. HODs should bring to the notice of the . Institute should go step forward on the RMUiDirector or defend the IRC comment isoambrettolide which as the big market of proceeding immediately after the is out or lac consumption excluding aleuritic acid. during IRC meeting itself. . Participatory and collaborative research . Every RPF-III needs to be critically examined should be stressed and encouraged. for output/recommendations. System . We should try to use some other crops in followed by NAIP could be useful. monsoon season in addition to our present Chairman, IRC desires at least quarterly lac crop. monitoring of each project by HODs. The . Reporting system by HODs needs proceedings alongwith comments be send to improvement and monitoring by the HODs RMU regularly. Director would also review level should be done critically. progress half yearly. Al1 HODs should have . The strong liaison with related stakeholders to have a PME cell of the Institute should be close touch with stakeholder's problems and need activated. based research and transfer. The scientist to think . PurchaseAdvisoryCommitteeshouldreview and conceive offew high-tech science application purchase of pending equipments I apparaix projects on gums amd resins. During the three ensuring that research activities should not days deliberations in the SRC, 33 on-going hamper. ICAR o) O O O c\ o 9. DISTINGUISHET) o E VISITORS -c = Visitors Date I Visitor (s) 1 .1 .2008 Mrs Sakuntala Raha, Senior Manager, Usha Marlin, New Delh 9.1.2008 Dr. K P Singh, Director Extension Education, GBPUAT, Pantnagar 16.1.2008 Prof. S. N. Sharma, BHU, Varanasi 18.1.2008 Lt. Col. A.D. Sharma, Second-in-Command, 9 Bihar, Namkum 28.3.2008 A. Dutta, Director, Bureau of Indian Standards, Patna 11.04.2008 Mr.J.Ravi, Dy Secretary (Personal),lCAR, New Delhi 25.04.2008 Mr.N.Goyal and Mr.N.Kumar Education Officers, Kendriya Vidyalaya, Bhubaneshwar. 25.04.2008 Dr. S. K. Dhyani, Director, NRC Agroforestry, Jhansi 1.05.2008 Dr. B. C. Mraktamath, Project Director, DRR, Hyderabad 15.05.2008 Mr. B. Stroever and Dr. Marcel Forsto, Germany 15.05.2008 Dr.M.P. Pandey, Directoq Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttak, Orissa. 29.05.2008 Dr. Kirti Singh, Ex Chairman, ASRB, New Delhi and Dr.A.K.Singh, Head, Division of Horticulture and Floriculture. IARI. New Delhi. 14.06.2008 Shri Sudhir Mahto. Dy Chief Minister, Govemment of Jharkhand. 01.08.2008 Dr S Ayyappan, DDG (Fisheries) 14.08.2008 Dr T P Trivedi, Director DIPA 19.09.2008 DrAK Singh, DDG (NRM),ICAR DrAvinash Kumar, Director, WTCER, Bhubaneshwar Dr Pitam Chandra, ADG (PE), ICAR 20.09.2008 Dr S Jayseelan, Director, Jharkhand Space Application Centre, Ranchi = Dr Nagendra Sharma, Ex VC SKUAI, Jammu (-5= 01.10.2008 Mr. K.P. Tripathi, P.S., CSWCRTI, Dehradun Khan, P.S., CAZRI, Jodhpur C. 01.10.2008 Mr. H.A. Dr. M.P. Chacharkar, Principal, Mandsaur Institute of Science and Technology, Mandsaur, M.P. <./) 15.10.2008 a-. 20.10.2008 Dr. V.P. Singh,ICRAF, NASC Complex, Pusa, New Delhi 2l . 1 1 .2008 Dr. A.D. Yadav, Directorate of Sericulture, Govt. of Maharashtra, Nagpur co 21.11.2008 Dr. R.K. Upadhyay, HOD (Zoology), Ramgarh College, Ramgarh = 27 .11.2008 Dr. Shailesh Pandit, Director, Door Darshan Kendra, Ranchi =. 18.12.2008 Dr. S.P. Mishra, Director, ISM, Pundag, Ranchi 21 .12.2008 Dr. V. P. Sharrna, Programme Director, BAIF, Pune CD .== P Dr S Ayyappan, DDG (Fisheries) visited the also be generated through fish culture and offered ct) = Institute his valuable suggestions on nutrition and water C management for enhancing fish productivity. Dr. S Alyappan, DDG (Fisheries) visited'the = Three species of Carp fingerlings were released Institute on August I-2,2008 and was shown on- by him in a 0.1 ha pond under the project and going research activities, farms and laboratories. He took keen interest on the initiatives on he wished its success. Dr. R Ramani, Head, Lac Lac Integrated Farming System (LIFS) being Production Division explained the concept of developed in the Farm. He said that income can LIFS being developed in the Farm involving agricultural crops, lac, horticulture andfish culture. in communication and role of information is very Dr. Trivedi Dr Ayyappan explained that such approaches are important, but it must be documented. Vedic perrod, when better the need of the hour. In an interaction meeting told that even during facilities were not available information were with the scientists and staff members of IINRG documented on leaves and that was stored in such discussed several issues and HARP the DDG a way that we are able to know some of the things related to IPR, NAIP, PMEC, PPP, ITMU, HRD s. He said that knowledge of etc. He suggested to rganize an Intemational communication is essential Conference on lac. A lecture on Inland Fisheries any product. He elaborated was delivered by him for the benefit of all. Two about launching of website and its importance' that 95 ICAR Institutes, 61 institute publications namely "Descriptors of lac Dr. Trivedi informed coordinated projects, 16 network projects, 502 insects with special reference to Kerria sp." and KVKs, 41 SAUs are directly connected with lac related organizations in India "Directory of DIPA. He appreciated the Institute's performance released bY him. and abroad" were and expansion of its mandate.

Dr. Ayyappan, DDG (Fisheries) releasingfi'ngerlings in Dr. T.P. Trivedi, Project Director, DIPA and ADG, Institute pond (ARIS) visiting the Institute Resesrch Farm

Dr. Ayyappan, DDG (f(Fishertes) isheries) vistttngvisiting the Institutetnstttute Shri AK Sarkar, Principal Secretary, Agricalture and Research Farm Cane Development, Jhqrkhand Government and Dr NN Singh, VC BAU visited the Insect Gene Bank of Dr. T.P. Trivedi, Project Director (DIPA) and the Inslilute A.D.G. (ARIS), ICAR visited IINRG Dr. TP Trivedi, Projector Director (DIPA) & ADG (ARIS), ICAR, New Delhi visited IINRG, Ranchi during August 14-15,2008 and addressed the meeting of Scientists and Technical Officers on August 14, 2008. Prior to this, he was shown Institute Research Fa rm,Lac Production Division, Lilbrary, Surface Coating Lab., Quality Evaluation Lab. and Lac Processing Unit, ARIS etc. Addressing the meeting on "Internet connectivity & ICT management" Dr. Trivedi explained the role of DIPA as input provider in agricultural Address by Hon'ble Chief Minister of Jharkhand Shri information and said that it is an era of revolution Shibu Soren to Farmers and Scigntists sr IINRG Honourable Dy CM, Government of Jhqrkhand Sri Visit oflnc Insect Gene Bankby Detegates ofproject Screening Sidhir Mahto transplanting the kusum sapling in IRF Committee for Agritukural Engineering Division

Visir of Hon'ble Members of QRT visiting the Institute Research Farm Dy CM, Government of lharkhand Shri Sudhir Mahto at Institute Rerearch Farm

Dr VP Singh, Regional Representative of ICRAF for South East Asin visited the Reseurch Farm of the Institute 10.1 INSTITUTE RESEARCH FARM in Pucca pond for pisciculture. Institute Research Farm is field laboratory. . Extension of HDPE pipe line for irrigation Keeping this in mind, the farm was managed from Plot No. 54 and installation of GI and maintained and tried to result in minimum pipe line from Plot No 72 (deep bore well experimental error due farm to condition. The to lac host gene bank, Plot No 70) has been following activities were undertaken during the completed. period under report. . Face lifting of 3 roads, 4 bunds and paths Research Farm Management were done and plots were leveled. Research Farm was managed and maintained in . Host trees were pasted with mixture of lime such a way that it gives a scientific look. Roads, and chlorpyri phos for the management path, channels, hedges and edges were maintained of termite and a programme was initiated in good conditions. All scientific cultural practices to eradicate termitoria from the Institute were undertaken in experimental as well as in Research Farm. general plot. Trees were pasted with lime mixed with insecticides (chlorpyriphos) to manage Resource Generation: termites. The trees in plots with very unhealthy An amount of Rs. 3,66,151(Rupees Three lakh conditions and not in condition to rejuvenate were sixty six thousand and one hundred fifty one) has replaced. Sparsely populated plots were cleaned been generated as revenue from sale ofthe farm for new plantations and wherever possible the produce. The broodlac production of summer gaps were filled with suitable species. About 750 kusmi crop was 69% higher than the previous seedlings of khair were transplanted in gaps and year and the increase in winter crop production gap filling of khair plots were completed. IRF was276%o. boundary plantation was completed with the planting of 175 stumps ofTeak and,I25 seedlings Revenue generated by IRF of Gamhar. In Gum and Resin Farm, 15 plants of Boswellia serrata, 10 plants of Guggal and 8 plants of Anogiessus latifolia were planted. Vacant plots were utilized for cultivation of crops viz., wheat, paddy, soybean and urd for resource generation.

I nfras tru ctur e D ev elop m e nt

Plot No 6l of IRF was developed and vegetable crops were grown. 10.2 QUALTTY EVALUATTON About 8,000 fry carp (Catla, Rohu, Mirgal, LABORATORY Grass and Silver carp) were released in The Quality Evaluation Laboratory (QEL) of the Kacha pond and 4,000 fry carps (Catla, Institute has been awarded IS/ISO 9001-2000 Rohu, Mirgal and Kalpose etc) were released quality management systems certification. The licence has been granted for rendering laboratory . Annual maintenance of compgter system and services f,or collection, analysis, testing and Local Area Networking (LAN) of the Institute. reporting of lac and lac based product samples. . Arrangement for presentation during During the period 145 samples of seedlac/ meetings, seminars etc. acid/ lac dye/ by shellac/ bleached lacl aleuritic . Maintenance of Conference Hall. products of lac were received from Govternment. . Upgradation of Internet connectivity to 5I2 or ganization s/ P rivate industri e s/ Vari ous div i s i on kbps from ERNET India is in process. ofthe Institute and in all 556 tests were carried out. . In addition to this one trainee was trained in the Maintenance of RAC, QRT and SRC files. Analysis and Testing oflac and lac based products. . Maintenance of database for Personnel Two trainees were trained in the determination Information Management System Network of bleach index . A sum of Rs 26,860 has been (PERMISNET) and Intelligent Reporting System. earned as testing charges. . Right to Information. The RMU presently maintains three servers namely, Proxy server for providing internet connectivity to various Divisions/ Sections, Mail server for providing e-mail facilities and Apache Web server for hosting web site. IO.4 LIBRARY AND DOCUMENTATION CENTER The library of the Institute plays an important role in meeting the information needs of its users. Insi.de view of QEL Library of the Institute is a repository of scientific 10.3 RESEARCH MANAGEMENT UNIT and technical information on Naturatr Resins and Besides catering to the needs of Scientists The Unit performed the following activities Gums. and Technologists of the Institute, it also renders during the period under report: services to other researchers. academicians and . Correspondence and sending important students as well as lac industrialists from all parts reports to the Council. of the country. . Compilation and preparation of various Advance/Full Text/Abstracts access of 2000 reports to the Council like monthly report, journals from several publishers (200 journals monthly report for cabinet secretariat, from Designated Document Delivering Libraries quarterly progress report, monthly six and 1 800 e-j ournals from participating publishers) report to report of the scientists and DARE has been made available online through CeRA Council, information related to SMD the Consortium to our scientists from this year. meetings, etc. The library maintains adequate linkages with . Management HRD progralnmes of of leading reference libraries like Nation al Library - scientists and other staff of the Institute. Kolkata, NISCAIR-New Delhi for strengthening of research project files of the Maintenance the information resources. It also supplies Institute. photocopies of rare research articles to NISCAIR, . Processing of research / routine activities New Delhi from time to time against payment. submitted for publication in Journals, etc. Revenue of Rs.6,688.00 was generated from the . Providing LAN and Internet connectivity to sale of publication and reprographic services. the Institutes the Divisions and Sections of the Institute. The library continued to exchange publications with the scientific institutions in and . Providins E-mail services to the scientists out side the country. Semices provided by the library to ils users. provided by the sections during the year are as . Online 'Today's Arrival'. follows: . Reprographic services. Civil and Water supply . e-Journals access. A. Completionof workthrough CPWD / Other . CD searches. agencies . Document delivery services. 1) Renovation of Official building / Residential . Bibliographic services. building . Current awareness services. . Canteen (external portion) . Inter library loan services for resource . State section sharing. . Organic laboratory II . Sale of Institute publications. . Quarter Type - III (1-8) . Quarter Type -ll (20-28) . Toilet room of LPU.

. Surface coating lab. . Lab. Room - 02 No. of PPD

2) New construction in the Institute Premises

. New scooter shed in factory campus. Enhancement of the heieht of the boundarv wall.

Library holdings as on 31.12.2008 a Foundation stone pillar in main campus.

a Deep bore well in factory campus. B. Work carried out departmentally o Snowcem of quarter Type II (I-12), Type IV (I, 2), Central store, Purchase section, Vehicle garages, boundary wall of both campuses.

Roof treatment of Llbrary building, Quarter Type II (2s-32). Total number of jobs entered in us unils of Journals and Periodicals subscribed and Estale sectian are-: received: . Pipe line work- 475 jobs . Foreign Periodicals (Subscribed) -13 . Carpentry works- 386 jobs . Foreign Periodicals (Gratis/Exchange) -04 . Welding work- 150 jobs . Indian Periodicals (Subscribed) - 47 . Mechanical works- 446 jobs . Indian Periodicals (Gratis/Exchange) - 39 . Turner work- 450 jobs 10.5 ESTATE SECTION Electrical and Genset The Estate of the Institute takes care of essential . Maintenance of electrical system in the services such as Security ofthe Institute premises, Institute premises. A total of 1050 jobs water and power supply as well as infrastructure related to electrical work were entered in development work of the Institute including the the job register and all of them have been engineering research work. Various services attended. . Rewiring of Organic lab II, storage study lab . Whereever required pruining work of the and Type V Hostel. unwanted branches of the trees were carried

. CFL light fittings were done in place of tube out. lights in PPD, Conference Hall ans Stack . hall of TOT Division. Emphasis were made to keep the campus . Relaying of under ground power cable for neat and clean. Director's office. TOT Division and Guest 10.6 HEALTH CARE House. The Institute is running its own Dispensary in the . Replacement of old power displacement Campus. AMA Dr. Anil Kumar and lady doctor panel in front of RMU with MCB distribution Dr. (Mrs.) Vipula Verma are working as a part panel. time Medical Offrcer on contractual basis on . Painting and numbering of electric poles in alternate days. Most of the cases were handled in the dispensary itself and the complicated cases main campus and factory campus. were referred to authorized hospitals in the city . Installation and commissioning 12 nos of for expertise treatment. The dispensary is well 75 KVA silent Gen-set in Estate section equipped with all instr4ments / accessories to premises. handle the cases of general / minor dressing, . Rewiring of Quarter Type lll (21,22,23,24, pulse rate weight, blood sugar. During the period, 27 and28) Deparmentallybythe wireman of around 4,800 patients were attended in the IINRG Estate section. dispensary and 205 patients were examined for medicines . Installation of new copper earthing system blood sugar by Glucometer. Most ofthe advised by the AMAs were made available to the for the transformer and 15 KVA Gen-set. patients from the dispensary itself. . Gen-set power connection to library through 10.7 AGROMETEOROLOGY power cable. Agro-meteorology Unit of the Institute is situated . Fitting of new light system in main gate at23023' N latitude, 85023'E longitude and 650 m factory pump house and IRF. altitude. During the year 2008, different weather . Dehydration transformer oil and painting of parameters recorded by the unit are presented in of transfer. Table 1. Total rainfall recorded was 1477.8 mm, Other activies which was 0.8 o/o less than the previous year . Total 100 nos of memento pieces were (1489.7 mm). Thehighestrainfall (486.9 mm) was made. recorded during the month of July and the lowest (0.3 mm) in the month of October. July month . Iron scraps worth more than two lakhs were experienced 29 days rainfall. The maximum one auctioned. day rainfall (171 mm) was recorded on 18s June. . Furniture models were made for displaying Monsoon months (June to September) alone (93.8 in War memorial hall. Ranchi. accounted for 1386.6 mm %) of the total . yearly rainfall. November and December months Approximately Rs 2 lakh were realized from ofthe yearwitnessed no rainfall. The highest mean Guest House and Trainee's Hostel. maximum temperature (39.90C) was observed in the month of april and the lowest mean minimum . Ornamental plants / hedges were planted in temperature (8.70C) during January. May l't and front ofthe office buildings and were properly December l't were recorded as the hottest and the maintained so as to give an aesthetic look to coldest day of the year with a temperature of 42.50 the Institute premises. C and 2.2o C, respectively. Meteorological data recorded at Agro-Met Unit of the Institute during 2ffi8 11. q'Tetr=r R-turqTfl rols aT qfufrM riltd s{fi'n d; q|-q}T|qT f,+Tt-JT (TE qil-dq) €{effi {\dqlqr oTqtqq-{ qftfr e1ffi am tqn fuq qq qrffio- o-rfmq vq slqqrqr .br Gr-dq{, orffi \:q o-rtrfd qfr ffi GTDftqq \q ftrqT d r{dsT t rrr{fiq Efr qq+emTqftqdffiwergq-ff or-{€trrq qRE-E q{ R-d t qqq-qqq qr ofur erw ftffi w eq+ff zF@ detT erfit-fr qtffif, ftfd or SRRT, o-rqfdq orrteT, ord q G,4 o) ci{ q-fr TErq 6-{i d qRqr, flrFT, ftfuEr, {qrr gq q-rrqt-i tg fr\ s{elFT q \r-qqrqr rm}E a1 {errfl qtqm frft-q sT ergqrE 1 of .r$ t r {sq t,tF ilf,ffi qffi en-r (qtql, \'m 3iqrod-q n"Fffi s6rqm'derr \ro' G€d-{ efiorM o64Bq d Rd qtqrT gRr qprerol gq eislfi]fr-q q{4{ o-ltr{d t t r{qern it {-q,TrEr Rrer"r Gil-dfuf, ;Fr{ lgqsfr fu-qT-6-dqT of v+frsr d fuq €qenq {rcpTTqT o-rqfqq-{ sftfr d rrEErEq d f,{tsro !fi eqqril. fr vr-wflqr orqlqqq or-qHt aRr srr-qifu.a frft-q fr=fr qffiFrdrcrT q qfrfr rfua et .ri t ffi frqn)7sr-$rrrrf gq ordqTercrt qerilFrdT d 3TuTeT, TK{rr 6srr iltrffi sTDmrfr (rr.Tr) fg nRd o-$Tr I qrq{=r q{fu.q t t Gd fu{s, G=fr +iln qrr q-q ds-qEqT{ qp qfuqtFr-dT vjqarq 'o' eta q t, gd q-qqlqr .rgpqq ot ssftq {uprTqT lrqfr \rq qf{r 10 (4) d 3fd,Td dfrq .rqe d qo-lRrd oldqr-dT or endqq o-Frr I fu-qr qt gor t t rrqenq d qn s-Slmi d q-flf rltrq, fr=fr qhf,r, Yrq+)qr, gq q-d qftsrd o-d yr-

3u6t d ftq Tn ffi w ea-gaff ofur or GTrqlqq I qff-o. ffid or g+nrrT, fl-qlf,q 3ne€r, qRq-r, ft-ePm q+(q efi 3{qflar it q{ zooe if grrFT, ftfuqT, qqqT qfl-qn Amq \rq fu q{aTlq ft'tqlqT olqfq{H sftfr of qrt- erqm oT GEqrE, Gffiil{ erffi efft ffi i6-dl- 6.I eTdrqq ffifof, otrqlRd d fr=fr frreilr zil-sqr eT{r 3il-frffid ftf}rui ol fu=qT r-rrT dsTr rq-fr of s+fren qRreTor q.n \r[sqqr qfrfr G oTqlqq-{ $ of ffi Rdz gE od-{d qftq-E rrtrd rr{w sT-qHf al{| 3Tfdfrt-d frfuq Gd q .r$ erq s-qBd oT-qffi iRd o1 r qmn-drcTf qq ors:rrdter} d q-6.rrFrcT iE (o) fu{i-o 24-o3.2ooa iftd s-$rT I (q) 13.06.2008 q{erT;r d qB- o-d fr Gd d e-d.r t Tqft f,{rrf, 1'q $) q-f'r{q eil-i d ftq {rqqrqr u-6te (.T) fu.n oo-og-zoos G (q) Er{r Flqfufun 6d trqfud eti t r Rq-i6 1o.12-2ool ffi ei-dq-a ffifod egs g{ aer qffi r1g "-did * fi"iq tqg '- (eryp176* e ela-n-9 fr-+gq dqn o-q frtrd qcr-t il ffi ffij ilqr-i ht.rr.dl qRq-q grfr qqf derT sfa R+cifua oTqi-dqT o) r .ffi iR.o o1 r dfuq'- B-isfr-{ s{€-TFr d v+ft sq,-t fr Rd (o) loq q qt{i qT-€ .rd s-{o.rft oFI 6't't {d t ffi dql fud t r tg *iq*rn fr n6-q 5io.ouT{ o1"-{I aqol .T{, E-€-q isr|{f,, il6-ffi Vq qqn-s+tq qrsT d ErTfr rTqq.-d oqqd TS t o'f d ga rz eifumrffiTo{-aftvi i qrq fuq r zooa O) Remote Sensing in agriculture (s) ffi q {fr+s-{ (MYH) ti d ftr frqq q{ qrcq-q orfmq duT plqqy qtq-fl q{ar;T rrqr gwqT{ fr ct.1o1 G t fe-q-s sqritg or eilqlqq fu-qr t (rr) ww-ww qr trq A q€hT o) d"mtrd q{ERfaT e-{i d ftT frft-q edr{ o1 G=fr fu{i-+' 14.11.0s d lrTfsfufr d qFf{chdT qr@il=r qMFrdrcn o) eilqt-qq fu-q rrqr ft! F-o+or ftEq w rrfl fo-qr I {tuIrITrtT y-o}q; 6J gq-aFff-2oo8 rnn 3rld-s{ fu-q r d-qx fuqt rrql fr-flq gq ultrq € gg es frd g{i-6i rrql ;Tcr< gqpqq or sq-dq fu-qr I \r.D { ot F{ I f{€ fu{s qqRt6-2oos 1g. rrqgg qk6r or e*Wf ci1ot-E \rq ffi ioqr qt-rr trqFr;r qE F€ fq-q-s qTffi-qr qRn-fi d qRreT ol i{€ ci-Tqr-E qqr0-6 rrq fu-q t qT{fr'q urEft-o qra G -tT-E sqern q ffi ioqr qrfl r{flqq \'q R-4 R-qq sqr)E oT gq Efr d gs-d.r rreGr ftEq w €qem oTrd-dq 14 3t-qil{ zooe o) 3rqq-fl 02.30 qd tt rg-zo fuirqq oa o) d ftlq$-q {rqtq ffiFr+1 E{dmr{q frqFT d qrqn oel qrr rrqr if fu'qT q-fl | sqr+6 tt gc< 3Tfuf} d w t ffi HqM o{r+q{ fu-qr t sqRem do qq qchRl q-eq, qEqlqfi., ffi frqFT, q-d dfu{S qeft-.ord-q, iffr i vrqenq d ,D-q qefr ilqqfq frEq w frd q-dtD-d d erffi7offi o) o-{i Eq Gr-qtq{ rrqr, sTdrTm oT fo-qr mt o-ar fu R€ or vr+rq o-+iql qrso d w,ft ?FIqIdq IIEI-FT, fr CF-.IET frNN{ trqrr< {r-qt d qTeT-qTsr gftqT d er fi *Tf q df qrsIFT i frqI r gs oTtrmq it 3e .rqr t I v€) i {s-+1 arTqcncT eqlq r-iei d eT Zoffi i qrq fuqrr fuq qfr R4qrMt \ti qrflsr-rT o) qr-sfr r-{i at GiltrrqfidT e-fl-$ t d" qru-$q i o-ar d q-+qTr-6 or q-6-Ivrq qd. og d fu-qr fu ffi 1'm's{d 1'q v1fq.Tlw t detT Vrro-r

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5. {t{tq tr4 rfrM o-r GTrltqq I {1$q Gd riqM 6t 1s-20 funq{ 2008 3Tntq;r rrqr fu-fl t 6. s{qFI o1 frd qFdmT Grqil o-r IT{€IFT o1 G=fr qFdor ETT&il znr q-d-RFT qrd zoos it q-o-fst-{ rrqr | o-q fufl t r qfrEilFrdrcit q qmq 7 tr€ o.T 3Tf+wr I lT{€rq frqq, tcn, Ftier, {ftds, cTdTerfr qMFrdBrT rrqr E-.qrR ffi o-l eTrqlqq fo-qr l 8. Rd *f{r qrg r'q frd fu{s ffi +il{r qrs G ffi fu{s $T Gildq{ fu-qr TTIII o-r orrqlwT I I 9. fr=fr otfwrarZ€rM ?bI qrTtqfuo ftq-q ftFfr o-r$qTrdr \'E ffi{fi. frEq w rrqr oil-+un I €rM oT oTrqlq{ fo-qr t 12. PERSONNEL

Sanctioned strength of Scientific, Technical, Dr. Soumen Ghosal, Sr. Sci. Agronomy Administrative and on supporting staff as Dr. Md. Monobrullah, Sr. Sci.Agril. Entomology 3t.12.2008 SriY.D.Mishra,Sc.(SG) Agnl.Entomology Scientific Sri D.Saha, Sc. (Sr.Scale) Biotechnology R.M.P. 01 Sri R.K.Singh, Scientist SWCE Princioal Scientist 04 Senior Scientist 11 Sri Anees, K, Scientist Plant Biochemistry Scientist 31 Mrs Thamilarasi, K, Scientist Biotechnology Total 47 Sri R.L.Ram. T-5 F/F Tech. Technical Sri M.L.Ravidas, T-5 F/F Tech. Catesorv-I 41 Catesorv-II 21 Sri P.A. Ansari, T-5 F/F Tech. Total 62 Sri Binod Kumar, T-5 F/F Tech. Administrative Sri R.K.Swansi, T-4 F/F Tech. A.O. 0l Sri D.W.Runda, T-4 F/F Tech. F.& A.O. 01 A.A.O. 02 Sri S.K.Tripathi,T-2 F/F Tech. A.D.(O.L.) 01 Sri Bhupal Kumar, T-1 Lab. Tech. Sr.P.A. 0l Securitv Officer 01 Sri K.A. Nagruwar, T-1-3 F/F Tech. P.A. 02 Processing and Product Development Assistant 09 Sr.Clerk I3 Division Jr.Clerk 03 Sri Murari Prasad, P.S, and Vc Chemical Engg. Steno GT.III 01 Dr. R.N.Majee, P.S. J.A.O. 01 Org. Chem. Total 36 Dr. K.P.Sao. P.S. Physics Supporting Dr. S. Srivastava. Sr.Sci Org. Chem. SSG-IV 10 Dr. M.Z.Siddique, Sr. Sci. Org. Chem. SSG-III 20 Dr. Divya, Sr. Scientist Org. Chem. SSG-II 34 SSG-I z5 Sri S.K.Pandey, Sci.(Sr.Scale) Mech. Engg. Total 89 Sri S.K.Giri, Sci (Sr Scale) A.S.&P.E. Grand Total 234 Sri M.F.Ansari, Sci (Sr Scale)Org.Chem. Cadre Sanctioned In position SriS.K.S.Yadav.Scientist Ors.Chem Scientific 47* 30* Technical 62 57 Sri D.D.Singh, (T7-8) Lab. Tech. Administrative 36 29 Sri T.K.Saha,T-6 Lab.Tech Supportins 89 72 Sri K.K.Prasad. T-6 Lab. Tech. Total 234 188 * Including RMP Sri Jagdish Singh, T-6 Lab. Tech. Dr. Bangali Baboo Director Sri Bhola Ram, T-5 Lab.Tech. Lac Production Division Disciplines Sri B.P.Ghosh, T-5 Lab.Tech. Dr. R.Ramani, P.S. & Head Agril. Entomology Smt. Prabha Devi, T-4 Lab.Tech. Dr. A.K.Singh, P.S. Plant Pathol. Sri Binod Kumar. T-2 Lab.Tech. Dr. K.K.Sharma, Sr. Scientist Agril. Entomology Sri S.K.Tirkey,T-2 Lab.Tech. Sri S.C.Srivastava, Sr.Sci. Plant Breeding Sri Ajay Kumar, T-2 Lab.Tech. Transfer of Technology Division Hindi Cell Dr. Anjesh Kumar, T-5 Press & Editorial Dr. A.Bhattacharya, P.S.&Head Agril.Ento. Dr. B.P.Singh, P.S. Agronomy Dispensary Dr. K.M.Prasad, PS Org.Chem. Dr. A.K.Jaiswal Vc Dispensary Dr. A.K.Jaiswal. PS Agril.Ento. Dr. Anil Kumar A.M.A.(Part time) Dr. N.Prasad, Sr.Sci. A.S.&P.E. Dr. VipulaVerma A.M.A.(Part time) Dr. J.P.Singh, Sr. Sci Agril. Ento. Sri Chittaranjan Kr Singh Pharmacist (T:-3) Dr. G.Pal., Sc.(Sr.Scale) Agri.Eco Sri P.M.Patil, Sc.(SS) Phys.Chem. Admin.I Sri R.N.Vaidya, T-6 F/F Tech. Sri K.K. Prasad, Vc A.O. Photographer Sri R.P.Srivastava, T-5 Sri P.Singh AAO Sri D.K.Singh, T-5 F/F Tech. Sri S.C.Lal Asstt. Sri A.K.Sinha, T-5 Fff Tech. Sri R.N.Mahto ASStt. Sri SB Azad,T-4 F/F Tech. SriA.K.Tripathi Sr.Clerk Smt. Ratna Sen, T:4 Lab. Tech. Sri P.Patamajhi, T:4 F1F Tech. Sri R.K.Toppo Sr.Clerk Sri R.K.Rai, T-2 Lab. Tech. Sri K. Murari Kumar Jr.Clerk Sri Anup Kumar, T-2 Lab. Tech. Sri Bandhu Mahto Jr.Clerk Sri Madan Mohan, T-2 Lab. Tech. Admin.II Research Management Unit Sri Deepak Ghosh Vc D.D.O. Dr. N.Prasad, PS I/c RMU Sri W.Guria Asstt. Sri A.K.Sahay, T7-8 F/F Tech. Sri B.K:Rajak Asstt. Sri D.Ganguly, T:-6 Lab. Tech. Sri Bihari Sahu Sr.Clerk Sri K.M.Sinha. T-6 Lab. Tech. Sri Samal Kumar Sr.Clerk (Cashier) Shri Sunil Kumar, T-4 Lab. Tech. Sri B.N.Gope Sr.Clerk Quality Evaluation Lab (Under PPD Div) Dr. S. Srivastava, Sr.Sci. I/c RTL Admin.III Sri D.Ghosh,TT-8 Lab. Tech. Sri N.C. Parija, AAO Incharge (Pur.Sec.) (Deputation) Sri B.K.Singh, T:-2 Lab. Tech. Sri Ravishanker Asstt. Library Sri Thibu Minz Asstt. Sri V.K.Singh, T7-8 I/c Lib. Lib. & Sri Kameshwer Oraon Asstt. Documentations. Sri Binod Kumar, T-4 Lib. & Steno Pool Documentations. Sri R. Ravidas Sr PA to Director Institute Research Farm Smt S. Prasad PA Sri L.C.N.Shahdeo, T7-8 Fff Tech. Sri A.K. Sinha PA Sri M.Surin, T-l-3 F/F Tech. Sri S.K. Yadav Steno Gr. III Sri Satish KumaqT-2 F/F Tech. Finance and Accounts Section Sri S.K.Mukhe4ee,T-2 F/F Tech. Sri Rajesh Sahay F &AO Estate Sri C.L.Meena J.A.O. SriA.K.Yadav, Sec. Officer Sri Vijay Ram Asstt. Sri H.L.Bhakta,T-4 Workshop Tech. Sri Anant Pandey Asstt. Sri Binoy Kumar, T-3 (JE) Workshop Tech. SriArjun Gope Sr.Clerk Sri I.D.Das, T-2 Workshop Tech. Sri K.P.Kashi Jr.Clerk Sri Arjun Sharma, T-2 Workshop Tech. Sri R.K.Ravi, T-2 Workshop Tech. Transport Sri K.Tirkey, T:2 Workshop Tech. Sri Rajesh Sahay, F&AO Chairman Sri B.S.Choudhary,T-2 Workshop Tech. Sri J.Tewari, T-2 Driver Sri P.V.D.Tirkey, T-2 Workshop Tech. SriArbind Kumar,T:2 Driver Sri Rama Singh.T-l Workshop Tech. K. Sri Mandeshwer Singh,T-2 Driver SriAnil Kr. Sharma,T-l Workshop Tech. Sri R.K.Yadav, T-2 Driver Sri K.K.Deonath, Jr.Clerk Admin. Promotions Transfers to the Institute Sl. Name and Promoted to Date of r Shri T Gurumoorthy, Admn Officer ]oined at this the post promotions No Designation _ of Institute on 01. 01. 2008. l. DrAK Jaiswal, Principal 27.07.2006 Sr Sci Scientist . Shri NC Panja, Assistant (CRRI, Cuttack)ioined at this as (on 12 May 2008. 2. Dr KK Sharma, Principal 27.07.2006 Institute AAO deputation) on Sr Sci Scientist o Shri Ashok Ghosh, joined at this Institute as Admn 3. Dr S Ghosal, Sci Sr Scientist 06.03.2005 Officer on 8 September, 2008. (SS) Appointments during 2008 4. Dr SK Giri, Scientist (SS) 15. 11.2005 Scientist Sl. Name & designation Date of 5. Dr Dipnarayan Scientist (SS) 20.11.2005 No appointment Saha, Scientist 1. Shri Anees K, Scientist 04.07.2008 6.. ShdAKSahai,T6 TO (17-8) 03.02.200s (Biochemistry) 1. ShriLCN TO(T-7-8) 03.02.2005 2. Mrs Thamilarasi K, 03. I I .2008 Shahdeo, T6 Scientist (Biotech.) Shri DD Singh, T6 TO 03.02.2005 8. (T:7-8) Retirements 9. ShriDeepak TO (T-7-8) 03.02.2005 Ghosh. T6 Sl. Name & designation Date of 10. Shri VK Singh, T6 TO (T-7-8) 03.02.200s No retirement 11. Shri PAArrsari, - T:5 01.01.2006 l. Shri Mangra Oraon, SG III 29.02.2008 T-4 2. Smt Bedana Deogharia, 31. 03. 2008 12. DrAnjesh Kumar, T-5 29.06.2006 SG IV T-4 3. Shri Tunwan Oraon. S.G. 30. 04. 2008 13. Shri Binod T:5 01.07.2006 IV Kumar, T-4 4. Shri T. Gurumurthy, A.O. 31.05.2008 14. Shri Satish T-3 05. 06. 2006 5. Shd BP Ghosh. T-5 31.12.2008 Kumar, T:-2 15. Shd Bandhu L.D.C r7 .04.2008 Matho, S.G.II r-

(Formerly Indian Lac Research Institute)

Namkum, Ranchi-834 010, Jharkhand, India

Ph.: 91 -651 -22601 1l ,2261 1 56 (Director) E-mail : [email protected],in Website : www.icar,org. inlilri