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Phytoplankton Composition at Jeddah Coast–Red Sea, Saudi Arabia in Relation to Some Ecological Factors
JKAU: Sci., Vol. 22 No. 1, pp: 115-131 (2010 A.D. / 1431 A.H.); DOI: 10.4197 / Sci. 22-1.9 Phytoplankton Composition at Jeddah Coast–Red Sea, Saudi Arabia in Relation to some Ecological Factors Hussein E. Touliabah1, Wafaa S. Abu El-Kheir1 , Mohammed Gurban Kuchari2 and Najah Ibrahim Hassan Abdulwassi3 1 Botany Dept., Faculty of Girls, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 2 Egypt, Faculty Science, King Abdulaziz University, and 3 Faculty of Girls, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Abstract. Phytoplankton succession in relation to some physico- chemical characters of some water bodies at Jeddah Coast (Saudi Arabia) was studied for one year (2004). The sampling program included four different areas, North Obhour, Technology area, Down Town area and South Jeddah Area. Water samples were analyzed for some physico-chemical parameters (Temperature, pH, S‰, Dissolved +2 +2 Oxygen (DO), Calcium (Ca ) & Magnesium (Mg ), Nitrite (NO2), Nitrate (NO3), Ammonia (NH3), Reactive Orthophosphate (PO4) and Reactive Silicate (SiO3) as well as phycological parameters (Phytoplankton communities and Chlorophyll a). The Jeddah Coast was found to be oligotrophic ecosystem in some areas, while some of these areas were mesotrophic with high phytoplankton density such as the Down Town and South Jeddah areas. The results showed that, the high phytoplankton density attaining the maximum of 2623.2 X 103/m3 at Down Town area during spring and the minimum of 118.7 X 103/m3 at Technology area during winter. Seventy three species belonging to 73 genera and 5 groups were recorded. Dinophyceae was the first dominant group forming 43.8% of the total phytoplankton communities followed by Bacillariophyceae 27.9%. -
Fronts in the World Ocean's Large Marine Ecosystems. ICES CM 2007
- 1 - This paper can be freely cited without prior reference to the authors International Council ICES CM 2007/D:21 for the Exploration Theme Session D: Comparative Marine Ecosystem of the Sea (ICES) Structure and Function: Descriptors and Characteristics Fronts in the World Ocean’s Large Marine Ecosystems Igor M. Belkin and Peter C. Cornillon Abstract. Oceanic fronts shape marine ecosystems; therefore front mapping and characterization is one of the most important aspects of physical oceanography. Here we report on the first effort to map and describe all major fronts in the World Ocean’s Large Marine Ecosystems (LMEs). Apart from a geographical review, these fronts are classified according to their origin and physical mechanisms that maintain them. This first-ever zero-order pattern of the LME fronts is based on a unique global frontal data base assembled at the University of Rhode Island. Thermal fronts were automatically derived from 12 years (1985-1996) of twice-daily satellite 9-km resolution global AVHRR SST fields with the Cayula-Cornillon front detection algorithm. These frontal maps serve as guidance in using hydrographic data to explore subsurface thermohaline fronts, whose surface thermal signatures have been mapped from space. Our most recent study of chlorophyll fronts in the Northwest Atlantic from high-resolution 1-km data (Belkin and O’Reilly, 2007) revealed a close spatial association between chlorophyll fronts and SST fronts, suggesting causative links between these two types of fronts. Keywords: Fronts; Large Marine Ecosystems; World Ocean; sea surface temperature. Igor M. Belkin: Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, 215 South Ferry Road, Narragansett, Rhode Island 02882, USA [tel.: +1 401 874 6533, fax: +1 874 6728, email: [email protected]]. -
Policy Notes for the Trump Notes Administration the Washington Institute for Near East Policy ■ 2018 ■ Pn55
TRANSITION 2017 POLICYPOLICY NOTES FOR THE TRUMP NOTES ADMINISTRATION THE WASHINGTON INSTITUTE FOR NEAR EAST POLICY ■ 2018 ■ PN55 TUNISIAN FOREIGN FIGHTERS IN IRAQ AND SYRIA AARON Y. ZELIN Tunisia should really open its embassy in Raqqa, not Damascus. That’s where its people are. —ABU KHALED, AN ISLAMIC STATE SPY1 THE PAST FEW YEARS have seen rising interest in foreign fighting as a general phenomenon and in fighters joining jihadist groups in particular. Tunisians figure disproportionately among the foreign jihadist cohort, yet their ubiquity is somewhat confounding. Why Tunisians? This study aims to bring clarity to this question by examining Tunisia’s foreign fighter networks mobilized to Syria and Iraq since 2011, when insurgencies shook those two countries amid the broader Arab Spring uprisings. ©2018 THE WASHINGTON INSTITUTE FOR NEAR EAST POLICY. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. THE WASHINGTON INSTITUTE FOR NEAR EAST POLICY ■ NO. 30 ■ JANUARY 2017 AARON Y. ZELIN Along with seeking to determine what motivated Evolution of Tunisian Participation these individuals, it endeavors to reconcile estimated in the Iraq Jihad numbers of Tunisians who actually traveled, who were killed in theater, and who returned home. The find- Although the involvement of Tunisians in foreign jihad ings are based on a wide range of sources in multiple campaigns predates the 2003 Iraq war, that conflict languages as well as data sets created by the author inspired a new generation of recruits whose effects since 2011. Another way of framing the discussion will lasted into the aftermath of the Tunisian revolution. center on Tunisians who participated in the jihad fol- These individuals fought in groups such as Abu Musab lowing the 2003 U.S. -
12 January, 2018 NEW EDITION CHARTS from WEEK 01
To: Customers Date: 12 January, 2018 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ NEW EDITION CHARTS FROM WEEK 01 – 04/2018 Chart Published Title 0006 04/01/2018 Gulf of Aden. 0107 18/01/2018 England – East Coast, Approaches to the River Humber. 0125 04/01/2018 North Sea, Netherlands, Approaches to Ijmuiden. 0130 04/01/2018 North Sea, Netherlands, Approaches to Scheveningen. 0265 04/01/2018 Gulf of Aden, Bab el Mandeb and Golfe de Tadjoura. 0494 11/01/2018 West Indies, Southern Martinique, Fort-de-France to Pointe Caracoli. 0777 18/01/2018 England – South Coat, Land’s End to Falmouth. 0863 25/01/2018 Plans on the North Coast of Morocco. 0932 18/01/2018 Indonesia, Jawa – North Coast, Pelabuhan Tanjungpriok and Approaches. 1077 18/01/2018 Scotland – East Coast, Approaches to Cromarty Firth and Inverness Firth. 1187 18/01/2018 North Sea, Outer Silver Pit. 1236 04/01/2018 Republic of South Africa, South West Coast, Entrance to Saldanha Bay. 1267 18/01/2018 England – South Coast, Falmouth to Plymouth. 1327 11/01/2018 Argentina, Rio Parana, Sheet 5. 1351 11/01/2018 France – North Coast, Approaches to Calais. 1404 18/01/2018 Scotland – West Coast, Loch Ryan. 1521 11/01/2018 Venezuela, Canal de Maraqcaibo, Southern Sheet. 1635 25/01/2018 North Sea, Germany and Netherlands, Borkum to Neuwerk and Helgoland. 1925 04/01/2018 Red Sea, Jazirat Jabal Zuqar to Bab el Mandeb. 2001 11/01/2018 Uruguay, Montevideo and Approaches. 2198 25/01/2018 British Isles, North Channel, Southern Part. 2199 25/01/2018 British Isles, North Channel, Northern Part. -
A Suggested Blueprint for the Development of Maritime Archaeological Research in Namibia Bruno E.J.S
Journal of Namibian Studies, 2 (2007): 103–121 ISSN: 1863-5954 A suggested blueprint for the development of maritime archaeological research in Namibia Bruno E.J.S. Werz Abstract During the last few decades, maritime archaeology has developed into an internationally accepted field of specialisation within the discipline of archaeology. It has, however, only gained academic recognition in Southern Africa since the late 1980s, when a lecturing post for maritime archaeology was established at the University of Cape Town. This resulted in initial efforts being focused on South Africa. Now, however, the time has come to expand the development of maritime archaeology to neighbouring countries. Due to various positive factors – including the presence of an important research potential as well as growing interest and positive contributions by some organisations and private individuals – Namibia provides a fertile ground to extend the field of operations. This article first summarises the objectives and methodology of maritime archaeological research in general; then it offers suggestions as to how to establish this research specialisation in Namibia, bearing in mind local circumstances. What is Maritime Archaeology? Maritime archaeology developed by means of an evolutionary process from underwater salvage, treasure hunting, the collecting of antiquities and the kind of archaeological work that was done until the early twentieth century. During the 1960s, the field became an area of specialisation within the discipline of archaeology. This period saw a growing involvement of professional archaeologists, the rudimentary development of research designs, the improvement of diving equipment, and the application of techniques that facilitated work in an underwater environment. The initial emphasis, however, was on the latter.1 As a result, the field did not obtain widespread support from its terrestrial counterparts, where efforts were generally directed at solving specific research problems. -
Nonindigenous Species Along the Apulian Coast, Italy
Chemistry and Ecology Vol. 26, Supplement, June 2010, 121–142 Nonindigenous species along the Apulian coast, Italy Cinzia Gravilia*, Genuario Belmontea, Ester Cecereb, Francesco Denittoa, Adriana Giangrandea, Paolo Guidettia, Caterina Longoc, Francesco Mastrototaroc, Salvatore Moscatelloa, Antonella Petrocellib, Stefano Pirainoa, Antonio Terlizzia and Ferdinando Boeroa aDipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy; bIstituto Ambiente Marino Costiero, CNR, U.O.S. Taranto, Taranto, Italy; cDipartimento di Biologia Animale ed Ambientale, Università di Bari, Bari, Italy (Received 17 May 2009; final version received 14 December 2009) Thirty-eight nonindigenous marine species (NIS) (macroalgae, sponges, hydrozoans, molluscs, polychaetes, crustaceans, ascidiaceans and fish), are reported from the Apulian coast of Italy. Shipping, aquaculture and migration through the Suez Canal are the main pathways of introduction of the NIS. In Apulian waters, 21% of NIS are occasional, 18% are invasive and 61% are well-established. It is highly probable that more NIS will arrive from warm-water regions, because Mediterranean waters are warming. Furthermore, some of the successful NIS must have the ability to become dormant in order to survive adverse conditions, either seasonal or during long journeys in ballast waters. The identification of NIS depends greatly on the available taxonomic expertise; hence the paucity of taxonomists hinders our knowl- edge of NIS in our seas. We propose the creation and maintenance of a network of observatories across the Mediterranean to monitor the changes that take place along its coasts. Keywords: nonindigenous species (NIS); transport vectors; Apulian coast; Mediterranean Sea Downloaded By: [Gravili, Cinzia] At: 10:25 20 May 2010 1. -
TC19 International Workshop on Metrology for the Sea (Metrosea
TC19 International Workshop on Metrology for the Sea ( MetroSea 2019) Genoa, Italy 3 -5 October 2019 ISBN: 978-1-7138-0205-1 Printed from e-media with permission by: Curran Associates, Inc. 57 Morehouse Lane Red Hook, NY 12571 Some format issues inherent in the e-media version may also appear in this print version. Copyright© (2019) by the International Measurement Confederation (IMEKO) All rights reserved. Printed with permission by Curran Associates, Inc. (2020) For permission requests, please contact the International Measurement Confederation (IMEKO) at the address below. IMEKO Secretariat Dalszinhaz utca 10, 1st floor, Office room No. 3 H-1061 Budapest (6th district) Hungary Phone/Fax: +36 1 353 1562 [email protected] Additional copies of this publication are available from: Curran Associates, Inc. 57 Morehouse Lane Red Hook, NY 12571 USA Phone: 845-758-0400 Fax: 845-758-2633 Email: [email protected] Web: www.proceedings.com TABLE OF CONTENTS MAKING DATA MANAGEMENT PRACTICES COMPLIANT WITH ESSENTIAL VARIABLES FRAMEWORKS: A PRACTICAL APPROACH IN THE MARINE BIOLOGICAL DOMAIN .................................. 1 Martina Zilioli, Alessandro Oggioni, Paolo Tagliolato, Cristiano Fugazza, Caterina Bergami, Alessandra Pugnetti, Paola Carrara METROLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE TOMBOLO EFFECT INVESTIGATION – POLISH CASE STUDY .................................................................................................................................................................................... 7 Cezary Specht, Janusz Mindykowski, Pawel -
99 UPWELLING in the GULF of GUINEA Results of a Mathematical
99 UPWELLING IN THE GULF OF GUINEA Results of a mathematical model 2 2 6 5 0 A. BAH Mécanique des Fluides géophysiques, Université de Liège, Liège (Belgium) ABSTRACT A numerical simulation of the oceanic response of an x-y-t two-layer model on the 3-plane to an increase of the wind stress is discussed in the case of the tro pical Atlantic Ocean. It is shown first that the method of mass transport is more suitable for the present study than the method of mean velocity, especially in the case of non-linearity. The results indicate that upwelling in the oceanic equatorial region is due to the eastward propagating equatorially trapped Kelvin wave, and that in the coastal region upwelling is due to the westward propagating reflected Rossby waves and to the poleward propagating Kelvin wave. The amplification due to non- linearity can be about 25 % in a month. The role of the non-rectilinear coast is clearly shown by the coastal upwelling which is more intense east than west of the three main capes of the Gulf of Guinea; furthermore, by day 90 after the wind's onset, the maximum of upwelling is located east of Cape Three Points, in good agree ment with observations. INTRODUCTION When they cross over the Gulf of Guinea, monsoonal winds take up humidity and subsequently discharge it over the African Continent in the form of precipitation (Fig. 1). The upwelling observed during the northern hemisphere summer along the coast of the Gulf of Guinea can reduce oceanic evaporation, and thereby affect the rainfall pattern in the SAHEL region. -
Is the Gulf of Taranto an Historic Bay?*
Ronzitti: Gulf of Taranto IS THE GULF OF TARANTO AN HISTORIC BAY?* Natalino Ronzitti** I. INTRODUCTION Italy's shores bordering the Ionian Sea, particularly the seg ment joining Cape Spartivento to Cape Santa Maria di Leuca, form a coastline which is deeply indented and cut into. The Gulf of Taranto is the major indentation along the Ionian coast. The line joining the two points of the entrance of the Gulf (Alice Point Cape Santa Maria di Leuca) is approximately sixty nautical miles in length. At its mid-point, the line joining Alice Point to Cape Santa Maria di Leuca is approximately sixty-three nautical miles from the innermost low-water line of the Gulf of Taranto coast. The Gulf of Taranto is a juridical bay because it meets the semi circular test set up by Article 7(2) of the 1958 Geneva Convention on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone. 1 Indeed, the waters embodied by the Gulf cover an area larger than that of the semi circle whose diameter is the line Alice Point-Cape Santa Maria di Leuca (the line joining the mouth of the Gulf). On April 26, 1977, Italy enacted a Decree causing straight baselines to be drawn along the coastline of the Italian Peninsula.2 A straight baseline, about sixty nautical miles long, was drawn along the entrance of the Gulf of Taranto between Cape Santa Maria di Leuca and Alice Point. The 1977 Decree justified the drawing of such a line by proclaiming the Gulf of Taranto an historic bay.3 The Decree, however, did not specify the grounds upon which the Gulf of Taranto was declared an historic bay. -
The Republic of Tunisia Treated Sewage Irrigation Project External Evaluator: Yuriko Sakairi, Yasuhiro Kawabata Sanshu Engineering Consultant Co., Ltd
The Republic of Tunisia Treated Sewage Irrigation Project External Evaluator: Yuriko Sakairi, Yasuhiro Kawabata Sanshu Engineering Consultant Co., Ltd. Field Survey: October 2007–March 2008 1. Project Profile and Japanese ODA Loan Tunis Tunisia Algeria Names of areas targeted in the project (1) Bizerte (2) Menzel Bourguiba (3) Béja (4) Medjez El-Bab (5) Jendouba (6) Nabuel (7) Siliana (8) Msaken (9) Jerba Aghir Libya (10) Médenine Map of the project area Water-saving irrigation drainpipes 1.1 Background Of the total area of 164,154 km2 (about two-fifths the area of Japan) in Tunisia, 38,000 km2 is used to produce agricultural products. The agricultural sector plays an important role in its economy, accounting for around 11% of Tunisia’s domestic national product (GDP) and a third of the working population. However, in Tunisia, which gets very little rainfall, most of the arable land is found in either arid or semi-arid areas, and agricultural regions that rely primarily on rainwater frequently suffer major damage from drought. To stabilize agricultural production and increase crop yields, development of irrigation facilities is indispensable. On the other hand, since surface and groundwater resources are limited, securing enough water for agricultural irrigation is a major challenge, especially in the dry season. Under these circumstances, treated sewage is an important source of relatively stable water supply whether in the rainy season or dry season, and so effective utilization of this water resource was sought. Around 1965, Tunisia began implementing a series of irrigation projects based on the use of treated sewage water for agriculture, and, on the basis of that experience, promoted development plans (including the present project) related to sewage treatment facilities and irrigation facilities. -
Memoirs of Hydrography
MEMOIRS 07 HYDROGRAPHY INCLUDING Brief Biographies of the Principal Officers who have Served in H.M. NAVAL SURVEYING SERVICE BETWEEN THE YEARS 1750 and 1885 COMPILED BY COMMANDER L. S. DAWSON, R.N. I 1s t tw o PARTS. P a r t II.—1830 t o 1885. EASTBOURNE: HENRY W. KEAY, THE “ IMPERIAL LIBRARY.” iI i / PREF A CE. N the compilation of Part II. of the Memoirs of Hydrography, the endeavour has been to give the services of the many excellent surveying I officers of the late Indian Navy, equal prominence with those of the Royal Navy. Except in the geographical abridgment, under the heading of “ Progress of Martne Surveys” attached to the Memoirs of the various Hydrographers, the personal services of officers still on the Active List, and employed in the surveying service of the Royal Navy, have not been alluded to ; thereby the lines of official etiquette will not have been over-stepped. L. S. D. January , 1885. CONTENTS OF PART II ♦ CHAPTER I. Beaufort, Progress 1829 to 1854, Fitzroy, Belcher, Graves, Raper, Blackwood, Barrai, Arlett, Frazer, Owen Stanley, J. L. Stokes, Sulivan, Berard, Collinson, Lloyd, Otter, Kellett, La Place, Schubert, Haines,' Nolloth, Brock, Spratt, C. G. Robinson, Sheringham, Williams, Becher, Bate, Church, Powell, E. J. Bedford, Elwon, Ethersey, Carless, G. A. Bedford, James Wood, Wolfe, Balleny, Wilkes, W. Allen, Maury, Miles, Mooney, R. B. Beechey, P. Shortland, Yule, Lord, Burdwood, Dayman, Drury, Barrow, Christopher, John Wood, Harding, Kortright, Johnson, Du Petit Thouars, Lawrance, Klint, W. Smyth, Dunsterville, Cox, F. W. L. Thomas, Biddlecombe, Gordon, Bird Allen, Curtis, Edye, F. -
Journal of Maps Morpho-Sedimentology of A
This article was downloaded by: [Universita Degli Studi di Cagliari] On: 17 June 2015, At: 02:04 Publisher: Taylor & Francis Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Journal of Maps Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tjom20 Morpho-sedimentology of a Mediterranean microtidal embayed wave dominated beach system and related inner shelf with Posidonia oceanica meadows: the SE Sardinian coast Sandro De Muroa, Angelo Ibbaa & Claudio Kalba a Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, Coastal and Marine Geomorphology Group (CMGG), Cagliari University, Click for updates Cagliari, Italy Published online: 14 Jun 2015. To cite this article: Sandro De Muro, Angelo Ibba & Claudio Kalb (2015): Morpho-sedimentology of a Mediterranean microtidal embayed wave dominated beach system and related inner shelf with Posidonia oceanica meadows: the SE Sardinian coast, Journal of Maps, DOI: 10.1080/17445647.2015.1051599 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17445647.2015.1051599 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors, and are not the views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information.