Ebola, Lassa Fever, Corona Virus (Covid-19) Pandemic Etc Respectively Curable Or Suppress Able?

Available Online at http://www.recentscientific.com International Journal of CODEN: IJRSFP (USA) Recent Scientific

International Journal of Recent Scientific Research Research Vol. 11, Issue, 07 (C), pp. 39305-39329, July, 2020 ISSN: 0976-3031 DOI: 10.24327/IJRSR Research Article

DOES HIV/AID/ SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME (SARS), EBOLA, LASSA FEVER, CORONA VIRUS (COVID-19) PANDEMIC ETC RESPECTIVELY CURABLE OR SUPPRESS ABLE?

Silas David Emmanuel1*, Barminas Jeffrey Tsware2, I.M.Bugaje, 3R, A .Damau and 4E.N. OPARA5

1,2Kaduna Polytechnic Tudun Wada Kaduna State, Nigeria 3,4National Research Institute of Chemical and Technology (NARICT), Basawa Zaria, Nigeria 5Nigerian Institute of Leather and Science Technology (NILEST), Samaru Zaria

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24327/ijrsr.2020.1107.5477

ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT

Article History: The unprecedented corona virus disease (COVID-19) has been duly identified as the cause of outbreaks of respiratory illness in Wuhan, Hubei province China at the beginning of December 2019 Received 6th April, 2020 th and up to date. In our case study, the general over view of the confirm cases, recovered, and death Received in revised form 15 toll were in these orders3,037605, 82959,210,842 respectively. The world Health Organization May, 2020 (WHO) has duly declared it a public Health emergency of international repute or concern. The Accepted 12th June, 2020 th method employed was primarilybased on the literaturereview approach, which was largely and Published online 28 July, 2020 qualitatively in nature and guided by scheme emerging infectious diseases by viral pandemic (Covid-19, SARS-Cov2) etc respectively. In view of our findings it was recorded USA has the Key Words: highest Covid-19 confirm cases, recovered and death toll with 987467, 111197, Coronavirus; COVID-19; SARS-CoV- 56,164respectively, followed by Spain with 209465, 232,128, 23,822respectively, Germany, Italy, 2;severe acute respiratory syndrome china have their own set back with 158,768, 117,400 ,6,136 / Italy with 192, 414, 66,624, 26977,82,862, 27610, 4,633 respectively. Nigeria in Africa has the least of all with 1,182, 222, and 35 on the27th-28thAppril2020 respectively. The studies related to preventive and control measures have been accentuated through symptom include the following; Fever, cough, Fatigue, pneumonia, headage, diarrhea, hemoptysis, dyspnea etc. respectively. Physical preventive measures were as follow: Masks, hand hygiene, practices avoidance of public contact Case detention contact tracing and quarantine etc. respectively. Other important issues have been discussed in-situ as a way to reduce transmission. Up to date no specific antiviral treatment has proven so effective; hence, infected persons are primarily relied on symptomatic treatment, suppressive and supportive care.

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INTRODUCTION data of 2019nCoV showed that the 2019-nCoV is most closely related to two severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-like In sequential to virological studies which had priorly begun CoV sequences that were isolated in bats from 2015 to 2017, ever since in 1892, the first coronavirus, avian infectious [1] suggesting that the bats’ coronaviruses and the human 2019- bronchitis virus, was isolated by Fred Beaudette in 1937 , nCoV share a common ancestor. Therefore, the 2019-nCoV can followed by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus be considered as a SARS-like virus hence, the name SARS- (SARS- CoV) in 2002 and Middle East respiratory syndrome CoV-2 as designated by the Coronavirus Study Group of the coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012. There are currently about International Committeeon Taxonomy of Viruses. The two bat 21, 000 deaths out of over 470,000 cases with about 82,000 viruses were collected in Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province, China, reported by china and total of over 380 000 confirmed from from 2015 to 2017. 194 countries till the 25 March 2020[2,3]. This article summarized records of index cases in Africa, the difference The new coronavirus was first isolated from stallholders who between SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses in addition to worked at theSouth China Seafood Market in Wuhan. This the preventive strategies Sarbecovirus earlier reported by market also sells wild animals or mammals, which were likely Benvenuto et al.[4] and Xu et al.[5]. According to Zhang et intermediate hosts of 2019-nCoV. It hasbeen speculatedthat the al.[6], phylogenomic analysis of the recently. released genomic intermediate hosts (wild mammals) may have been sold to the

*Corresponding author: Silas David Emmanuel Kaduna Polytechnic Tudun Wada Kaduna State, Nigeria International Journal of Recent Scientific Research Vol. 11, Issue, 07 (C), pp. 39305-39329, July, 2020 seafood market in Wuhan. A study by Tang et al. [7] on (ORF3b) different from that of SARS-CoVs and a secreted. populationgenetic analysesof 103 SARS-CoV-2 genomes protein that is ORF8 encoded [17]. Tang et al.[18] reported that proved that based on 2 different single nucleotide spike structure of SARS-CoV-2 has functional site variations polymorphisms that showed early complete linkage across the in the receptor-binding domain compared to viruses from viral strains submitted to the Genbank, these viruses evolved pangolin SARSr- CoVs, which could be the resultant effects into 2 major genotypes designated as L and S with the L of mutations and natural selection, enhancing viral type (~70%) found to be more prevalent than the ancestral S transmission and observable host debility In fact, Angeletti et type (~30%). al.[19] reported that it is the mutational change at positions 723 and 1010 involving the replacement of glycine amino acid In view of the current records of index cases of corona virus with serine and isoleucine by proline respectively in the in Nigeria, Germany, Spain, Italy, Iran, USA, etc respectively. ORF1ab encoded 2 (nsp2) and nsp3. Which cannot beunderestimated by any other means. For this reason, the populace of human beinghasdrastically reduced tonegativism or nothingness. Other preventive measures were taken in to recognition in situ.

Chapter two literature review

Aetiology and origin of sars-cov-2

Coronaviruses (CoVs) are positively sensed single-stranded RNA viruses that belong to the order Nidovirales, family Coronaviridae, subfamily Orthocoronavirinae with 4 genera: alpha, beta, delta, and gamma coronaviruses [8]. Alpha CoVs and beta CoVs originated from bats and rodents while delta CoVs andgamma CoVs have their origins from avian species[9]. The beta CoVs including SARS- CoV-1 was isolated from bats in 1992 with civet cats being the intermediary host; MERS-CoV was isolated from dome try camels in 2003; and of course, the currently circulating SARS-CoV-2 formally referred to as 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) causing COVID-19.

SARS-CoV-2 has a pleomorphic and circular structure with a Fig 1 posted protein syntheses diameter of about 60-140 nm. It can be transmitted from Diagonosis of Covid-19 human-to-human by respiratory droplets from sneezing coughing, and aerosols, with symptomatic people being the Coronaviruses have been reported to cause 5% to 10% of acute major source of transmission. It has a dynamic incubation respiratory infections with more than 2% of the population as period of about 7 to 14 days[10] The novel virus whole- healthy carriers of HCoV[20]. The clinical diagnoses are similar genome sequence showed 96.2% similarity to a bat SARS- to those of other human coronaviruses. The WHO gave a case related coronavirus isolated in China against <80% to the definition as a patient with fever and at least a symptom of genomes of SARS-CoV and <50% to MERS-CoV according cough or shortness of breath, and with no other cause that to Lu et al.[11]; Zhou et al.[12] which further confirmed the explains the symptom and history of journey to or residence similarity between the novel virus and bat betacoronavirus in of any location reporting local transmission of COVID-19 the sub-genu during the 14 days prior to symptom onset, or a patient with acute respiratory illness and having been in contact with a Sars -cov– 2 different from other coronaviruses? confirmed or probable COVID-19 case in the last 14 days SARS-COV-2, like the MERS and SARS coronaviruses, was prior to the onset ofsymptoms, or a patient case in the last 14 likely evolved from a virus previously found in animals. It days prior to the onset of symptoms, or a patient with severe infects people of all ages with evidence that older people and acute respiratory infection [fever and at least one sign/ those with underlying medical conditions are at a higher risk of symptom of respiratory disease (e.g., cough, shortness of getting severe COVID-19. unlike other coronaviruses that breath)] and requiring hospitalization and with no other a cause a significant percentage of colds in adults and children etiology that fully explains the clinical presentation. A that are not a serious threat for healthy adults[13,14]. A good probable case is a suspect case with an inconclusive testing reason could be due to high viral loads of SARS-CoV-2 that for COVID-19 while a confirmed case is a person with have been reported in the upper and lower respiratory tracts of laboratory confirmation of COVID-19 infection irrespective of patients comparing with SARS-CoV-1 hence the rate of clinical signs and symptoms[21] Laboratory diagnoses require transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is higher than that of SARS- the collection of respiratory specimens including CoV-1[15]. Also, due to the fact that no one has immunity to oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal aspirates or washes, COVID-19, it means thousands to millions of people are likely oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal swabs, sputum, to be more susceptible to viral infection and severe disease. bronchoalveolar lavage and tracheal aspirates[22] usually According to the WHO, about 3.4% of reported COVID-19 examined and tested with the cultural method of viral isolation cases have died till the 3rd March 2020[16) Based on the in tissue culture or cell lines, the serological technique of genomic structure, SARS-CoV-2 has an open reading frame antibody titer measurement electron microscopy for 39306 | P a g e Silas David Emmanuel et al., Does Hiv/Aid/ Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (Sars), Ebola, Lassa Fever, Corona Virus (Covid-19) Pandemic Etc Respectively Curable Or Suppress Able? examination of viral particles, conventional and real-time droplets transmission, contact transmission, and aerosol reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. transmission etc. are also part of the major prerequisite for the infected COVID-19. Droplets transmission was reported to Corona Virus Pandemic Epidemiology occur when respiratory droplets (as produced when an infected On 29 December 2019, the first four cases of an acute person coughs or sneezes) are ingested or inhaled by respiratory syndrome of unknown etiology were reported in individuals nearby in close proximity; contact transmission Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China among people linked to a may occur when a subject touches a surface or object local seafood market (“wet market”) . [2]. Research is underway contaminated with the virus and subsequently touch their to understand more about transmissibility, severity, and other mouth, nose, or eyes; and aerosol transmission may occur when features associated with COVID-19 [3]. It appears that most of respiratory droplets mix into the air, forming aerosols and may the early cases had some sort of contact history with the cause infection when inhaled high dose of aerosols into the original seafood market [2, 12]. Soon, a secondary source of lungs in a relatively closed environment . In addition to these infection was found to be human-to-human transmission via three routes, one study also indicated the digestive system as a close contact. There was an increase of infected people with no potential transmission route for COVID-19 infection. Since history of exposure to wildlife or visiting Wuhan, and multiple patients had abdominal discomfort and diarrhea symptoms, cases of infection were detected among medical professionals researchers analyzed four datasets with single-cell [14]. It became clear that the COVID-19 infection occurs transcriptomes of digestive systems and found that ACE2 was through exposure to the virus, and both the immunosuppressed highly expressed in absorptive enterocytes from ileum and and normal population appear susceptible. Some studies have colon [32]. Clinical manifestation and diagnosis the complete reported an age distribution of adult patients between 25 and 89 clinical manifestation is not clear yet, as the reported symptoms years old. Most adult patients were between 35 and 55 years range from mild to severe, with some cases even resulting in old [14], and there were fewer identified cases among children death [33]. The most commonly reported symptoms are fever, and infants [18]. A study on early transmission dynamics of the cough, myalgia or fatigue, pneumonia, and complicated virus reported the median age of patients to be 59 years, dyspnea, whereas less common reported symptoms include ranging from 15 to 89 years, with the majority (59%) being headache, diarrhea, hemoptysis, runny nose, and phlegm male [2]. It was suggested that the population most at risk may producing cough [33]. Patients with mild symptoms were be people with poor immune function such as older people and reported to recover after a week while severe cases were those with renal and hepatic dysfunction [2]. The COVID-19 reported to experience progressive respiratory failure due to has been found to have higher levels of transmissibility and alveolar damage from the virus, which may lead to death [13]. pandemic risk than the SARSCoV, as the effective reproductive Cases resulting in death were primarily middle-aged and number (R) of COVID-19 (2.9) is estimated to be higher than elderly patients with pre-existing diseases (tumor surgery, the reported effective reproduction number (R) of SARS (1.77) cirrhosis, hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes, and at this early stage [15]. Different studies of COVID-19 have Parkinson’s disease) [34]. Case definition guidelines mention the estimated the basic reproduction (R0) range to be from 2.6 to following symptoms: fever, decrease in lymphocytes and white 4.71. The average incubation duration of COVID-19 was blood cells etc. these are all part of the physical estimated to be 4.8 ± 2.6, ranging from 2 to 11 days [15] and 5.2 manifestations. As microbiologist the corona virus pandemic days (95% confidence interval, 4.1 to 7) [2]. The latest have different types of species like those of Type A, B, C, all guidelines from Chinese health authorities stated an average these species of the corona virus mutate or replicates so rapidly incubation duration of 7 days, ranging from 2 to 14 days [23]. on the infected person depending on their virulent to the host.

Fig 2 posted Reverse transcription processes in virus

Cora no Virus pandemicepidemiology have been studied by the research fellow or microbiologist from the background of someone introduction, in view of the studies observed clinically using the ordinary eye, have shown that the disease Fig 3 posted respiratory tract infection sign and symptom of Covid-19 is more of transmissibility, severity, and other features Coronaviruses are enveloped single-stranded RNA viruses that associated with COVID-19 It appears that most of the early are zoonotic in nature and cause symptoms ranging from those similar to the common cold to more severe respiratory, enteric, cases had some sort of contact history with the original ( [35] transmission pattern like those of seafood market, animals hepatic, and neurological symptoms . Other than SARS- mice, rats bats may serve as host for coronavirus. Thus, CoV-2, there are six known coronaviruses in humans: HCoV- 39307 | P a g e International Journal of Recent Scientific Research Vol. 11, Issue, 07 (C), pp. 39305-39329, July, 2020

229E, HCoVOC43, SARS-CoV, HCoVNL63, HCoV-HKU1, distant from SARS-CoV (with about 79% sequence identity) and MERS-CoV[36]. and MERS-CoV (with about 50% sequence identity) than from two bat-derived SARS-like coronaviruses – bat-SL-CoVZC45 Coronavirus has caused two large-scale pandemics in the last (with 87.9% sequence identity) and bat-SL-CoVZXC21 (with two decades: SARS [14] and MERS [12], To detect the infection 87.2% sequence identity) [49]. Studies also reported that source of COVID-19, China CDC researchers collected 585 COVID-19 S-protein supported strong interaction with human environmental samples from the Huanan Seafood Market in ACE2 molecules despite the dissimilarity of its sequence with Wuhan, Hubei Province, China on 1 January and 12 January that of SARS-CoV[,50]. 2020. They detected 33 samples containing SARS-CoV-2 and indicated that it originated from wild animals sold in the market Clinical Manifestation and Diagnosis [39]. Then, researchers used the lung fluid, blood, and throat swab samples of 15 patients to conduct laboratory tests. These laboratory tests found that the virus-specific nucleic acid The complete clinical manifestation is not clear yet, as the reported symptoms range from mild to severe, with some cases sequences in the sample are different from those of known [3] human coronavirus species. Laboratory results also indicated even resulting in death . The most commonly reported that SARSCoV-2 is similar to some of the beta (β) symptoms are fever, cough, myalgia or fatigue, pneumonia, and coronaviruses genera identified in bats 18 ], which is situated in complicated dyspnea, whereas less common reported [12 ] symptoms include headache, diarrhea, hemoptysis, runny nose, a group of SARS/SARS-like CoV [51, 52] and phlegm-producing cough . Patients with mild Virology and Pathogenesis symptoms were reported to recover after 1 week while severe

Coronaviruses are enveloped single-stranded RNA viruses that cases were reported to experience progressive respiratory failure due to alveolar damage from the virus, which may lead are zoonotic in nature and cause symptoms ranging from those [53] similar to the common cold to more severe respiratory, enteric, to death . Cases resulting in death were primarily middle- hepatic, and neurological symptoms [42]. Other than SARS- aged and elderly patients with pre-existing diseases (tumor surgery, cirrhosis, hypertension, coronary heart disease, CoV-2, there are six known coronaviruses in humans: HCoV- [53]. 229E, HCoV-OC43, SARS-CoV, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-HKU1, diabetes, and Parkinson’s disease) Case definition and MERS-CoV[ 43 ]. Coronavirus has caused two large-scale guidelines mention the following symptoms: fever, decrease in pandemics in the last two decades: SARS [45] and MERS [ 46]. lymphocytes and white blood cells, new pulmonary infiltrates on chest radiography, and no improvement in symptoms after 3 days of antibiotics treatment [54]

.For patients with suspected infection, the following procedures have been suggested for diagnosis: performing real-time fluorescence (RT-PCR) to detect the positive nucleic acid of SARS-CoV-2 in sputum, throat swabs, and secretions of the lower respiratory tract samples[53, 55 56].

Figure 4 posted reversetranscription in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells

To detect the infection source of COVID-19, China CDC researchers collected 585 environmental samples from the Huanan Seafood Market in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China on 1 January and 12 January 2020. They detected 33 samples containing SARS-CoV-2 and indicated that it originated from wild animals sold in the market [47]. Then, researchers used the lung fluid, blood, and throat swab samples of 15 patients to conduct laboratory tests. These laboratory tests found that the Fig 5 Schematic representation of the coronavirus and spike protein. (A) The virus-specific nucleic acid sequences in the sample are different coronavirus structure. The viral surface proteins (spike, envelope and from those of known human coronavirus species. Laboratory membrane glycoproteins) are embedded in a lipid bilayer results also indicated that SARS-CoV-2 is similar to some of envelope. (B) Comparison of the spike (S) proteins of SARS-CoV and SARS- the beta (β) coronaviruses genera identified in bats [48 ], which CoV-2. RBD, receptor-binding domain; RBM, receptor-binding motif; HR1/2, is situated in a group of SARS/SARS-like CoV. heptad repeat ½ Prevention and Control To conduct next-generation sequencing from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and cultured isolates, researchers enrolled nine Prevention and control Prevention and control strategies and inpatients in Wuhan with viral pneumonia and negative in methods are reported at three levels: national level, case-related common respiratory pathogens. The results of this next- population level, and general population level. At the national generation sequencing indicated that SARS-CoV-2 was more level, the National Health Commission of the People’s 39308 | P a g e Silas David Emmanuel et al., Does Hiv/Aid/ Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (Sars), Ebola, Lassa Fever, Corona Virus (Covid-19) Pandemic Etc Respectively Curable Or Suppress Able?

Republic of China issued the “No.1 announcement” on 20 medical masks while providing any care to suspected or January 2020, which officially included the COVID-19 into the confirmed cases. According to this guideline, individuals with management of class B legal infectious diseases, and allowed respiratory symptoms are advised to use medical masks both in for class A infectious disease preventive and control measures health care and home care settings properly following the to be implemented [57]. Under this policy, medical institutes can infection prevention guidelines. According to this guideline, an adopt isolation treatment and observation protocols to prevent individual without respiratory symptoms is not required to wear and control the spread of the COVID-19. On 22 January 2020, a medical mask when in public. Proper use and disposal of the National Health Commission published national guidelines masks is important to avoid any increase in risk of transmission for the prevention and control of COVID-19 for medical [68]. In addition to articles published in research journals, the institutes to prevent nosocomial infection [46]. On 28 January China CDC published a guideline to raise awareness of the 2020, the National Health Commission issued protocols for prevention and control of COVID-19 among the general rapid prevention and control measures in order to effectively population. The key messages of the guideline include causes, contain the spread of the epidemic through a “big isolation and how to choose and wear face masks, proper hand washing big disinfection” policy during the Chinese Spring Festival [58]. habits, preventive measures at different locations (e.g., at home, National-level strategies have also been issued with targeted on public transportation, and in public space), disinfection measures for rural areas (issued on 28 January 2020) and the methods, and medical observation at home [69]. In addition to elderly population (issued on 31 January 2020) [59, 60]. Several scientific knowledge on ways to handle the COVID-19 public health measures that may prevent or slow down the outbreak, the guideline also suggests ways to eliminate panic transmission of the COVID-19 were introduced; these include among the general population [69]. case isolation, identification and follow-up of contacts, Community Measures and Social Distancing environmental disinfection, and use of personal protective equipment [61]. To date, no specific antiviral treatment has been should be implemented proactively and with active community confirmed to be effective against COVID-19. Regarding engagement in order to reduce the impact of the epidemic and patients infected with COVID-19, it has been recommended to to delay its peak, allowing healthcare systems to prepare and apply appropriate symptomatic treatment and supportive care cope with an increased influx of patients. • Rigorous hand [51, 62]. There are six clinical trials registered in both the washing, respiratory etiquette, and the use of face masks by International Clinical Trials Registry platform and the Chinese persons with respiratory symptoms can contribute to decreasing Clinical Trial Registry to evaluate the efficacy or safety of the spread of COVID-19 in the community [5]. targeted medicine in the treatment or prognosis of COVID-19 [63, 64]. Regarding infected patients with COVID-19, it has been recommended to apply appropriate symptomatic treatment and supportive care [51, 52]. Studies have also explored the prevention of nosocomial infection and psychological health issues associated with COVID19. A series of measures have been suggested to reduce nosocomial infection, including knowledge training for prevention and control, isolation, disinfection, classified protections at different degrees in infection areas, and protection of confirmed cases [65]. Concerning psychological health, some suggested psychological intervention for confirmed cases, suspected cases, and medical staff [65, 66]. For the general population, at this moment there is no vaccine preventing COVID-19. The [67] best prevention is to avoid being exposed to the virus .

Airborne precautions and other protective measures have been Figure 6 Schematic mechanism of the neutralizing antibodies. Competition of discussed and proposed for prevention. Infection preventive the neutralizing antibody with the receptor (ACE2) for binding to the receptor- and control (IPC) measures that may reduce the risk of binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein is shown. The exposure include the following: use of face masks; covering protruding portion (violet) of RBD is both the ACE2 receptor-binding site and the antibody epitope. coughs and sneezes with tissues that are then safely disposed of (or, if no tissues are available, use a flexed elbow to cover the Layered application of social distancing measures (including cough or sneeze); regular hand washing with soap or isolation of cases and quarantine of contacts; measures at, or disinfection with hand sanitizer containing at least 60% alcohol closure of, workplaces and educational institutions; restrictions (if soap and water are not available); avoidance of contact with in movement and social gatherings) can play a significant role infected people and maintaining an appropriate distance as in reducing community transmission if strictly adhered to. much as possible; and refraining from touching eyes, nose, and Measures in healthcare facilities are an immediate priority in mouth with unwashed hands [63}. The WHO also issued detailed order to: 1) slow the demand for specialized healthcare, such as guidelines on the use of face masks in the community, during ICU beds; 2) safeguard risk groups 3); protect healthcare care at home, and in the health care settings of COVID-19 [68]. workers that provide care; and 4) minimize the export of cases [23] In this document, health care workers are recommended to use to other healthcare facilities and the community. particulate respirators such as those certified N95 or FFP2 In healthcare settings, surge capacity plans must be available when performing aerosol-generating procedures and to use and up-to-date in expectation for the high demand for care of patients with moderate or severe respiratory distress. Critical 39309 | P a g e International Journal of Recent Scientific Research Vol. 11, Issue, 07 (C), pp. 39305-39329, July, 2020 care needs can be required for up to 15% of hospitalized Hospital-based surveillance is needed to identify risk groups patients with COVID-19. Long-term care facilities should for severe disease, measure impact and inform decisions on implement infection prevention and control measures. mitigation measures. Contact tracing should continue during all stages of the epidemic as long as resources allow. For areas with widespread transmission there is still value in continuing contact tracing, resources permitting, as part of a range of measures. A strategic approach based on early and rigorous application of these measures will help reduce the burden and pressure on the healthcare system, and in particular on hospitals, and will allow more time for the testing of therapeutics and vaccine development. What is new in this update? [18] COVID-19 pandemic: increased transmission in the EU/EEA – seventh update

Disease Background

For information on COVID-19, please visit this page [7] on

ECDC’s website. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) In Figure 7 posted reverse transcription in virus it could be Covid-19, HIV, etc December 2019, a novel coronavirus (now called SARS-CoV- Healthcare workers need to be protected as they are part of the 2) was detected in three patients with pneumonia connected to critical infrastructure of response to this epidemic and should a cluster of acute respiratory illness cases in Wuhan, China. By be prioritized in the testing policy; healthcare workers need the end of February 2020, several countries, including several access to, and appropriate training on, PPE use. European countries, were experiencing sustained local transmission of coronavirus disease. Cohosting of hospitalized cases is advised to save staff and PPE resources. Rational use of PPE should be employed at all times, but especially when there is shortage of PPE material. Patients with mild clinical presentation, particularly those who are not in a recognized risk group for developing severe disease, can be managed at home with instructions to follow up if symptoms deteriorate. Measures to prevent household transmission should be advised and/or facilitated. [34]Patients presenting with respiratory distress with increased need for oxygenation require management in hospital. Patients in critical condition need specialized care, on average for more than two weeks. Current criteria for discharge from the hospital include resolution of symptoms and laboratory evidence of SARS- CoV-2 clearance from the upper respiratory tract. Criteria can be adapted to the local context. Testing and surveillance strategies should rapidly detect cases and elucidate transmission patterns. Capacity for SARS-CoV-2 laboratory testing at high levels is essential. [28]

Shortages in testing capacity need to be anticipated and Figure 8 posted symptoms of covid-19 caused by Novel Corona virus, SARS- Cov-Symptoms, severity, and case fatality: By 24 addressed, taking the needs for testing of other critical diseases into account; if capacity is exceeded, priority should be given March 2020, 50 569 laboratory confirmed cases have been to the testing of vulnerable patients, healthcare workers and reported to the European Surveillance System (TESSy). patients requiring hospitalization. [28] Information on symptoms was available for 14 011 cases from 13 countries, mainly (97%) from Germany. Among these cases, Validation of performance and operational utility of selected the most commonly reported clinical symptom was fever rapid/point-of-care tests (e.g. for antigen detection) is needed (47%), dry or productive cough (25%), sore throat (16%), before recommending their use for clinical diagnosis. general weakness (6%) and pain (5%). The frequency of these Serological assays are currently not recommended for case symptoms differs notably from those reported from China [8] detection. and is summarized in the sixth update of ECDC’s Rapid Risk Sentinel syndromic and virological surveillance of ARI/ILI Assessment. Data on cases reported more recently to TESSy allows for the monitoring of community transmission and, may be biased toward the more seriously ill because national together with surveillance of hospitalized cases, can help to policies have shifted focus towards testing of more severe define triggers for escalation/de-escalation of mitigation cases. Preliminary estimates of severity were based on the measures. Countries recommending that patients with ARI/ILI analysis of data from EU/EEA countries and the UK available should not visit general practitioners need to identify in TESSy and online country reports (for countries whose data alternative sources for community-based surveillance such as was incomplete or missing in TESSY). telephone helplines.[33] Among all Cases

39310 | P a g e Silas David Emmanuel et al., Does Hiv/Aid/ Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (Sars), Ebola, Lassa Fever, Corona Virus (Covid-19) Pandemic Etc Respectively Curable Or Suppress Able?

Hospitalization occurred in 30% (13 122 of 43 438) of cases reported from 17 countries (median country specific estimate, interquartile range (IQR): 24%, 11- 41%) Severe illness (requiring ICU and/or respiratory support) accounted for 2 179 of 49 282 (4%) cases from 16 countries (median, IQR: 3%, 2- 8%).

Among Hospitalized Cases

Severe illness was reported in 15% (1 894 of 12 961) of hospitalized cases from 15 countries (median, IQR: 16%, 10- 24%).

Death occurred in 1 457 of 12 551 (12%) hospitalized cases from eight countries (median, IQR: 10%, 6- 14%). Age-specific hospitalization rates among all cases based on TESSy data showed elevated risk among those aged 60 years and above Figure 9 posted life cycle of corona virus of an infected person spread all (Figure 3). Figure 3. Age-specific hospitalization rates among over the lungs all cases, data from 14 countries in TESSy with >50% completeness for hospitalization and >50 cases, 24 March 2020 hypertension, 33.9% diabetes, 30.1% ischemic heart disease, Robust estimates for case fatality risk for COVID-19 are still 22.0% atrial fibrillation, 19.5% a cancer diagnosed in the last lacking and potentially biased by incomplete outcome data and five years. About half (48.6%) of the COVID-19 deaths had differences in testing policies. The mean crude case-fatality three or more comorbidities, 26.6% had two comorbidities, (proportion of deaths among total cases reported) from the 23.5% had one comorbidity, and 1.2% had none. The most EU/EEA and the UK by 23 March 2020 was 5.4% (median common complications observed in Italy were respiratory country-specific estimate: 0.5%; range: 0.0-9.3%). Based on a insufficiency (96.5%), acute kidney failure (29.2%), acute large dataset from cases in China, the overall case–fatality risk myocardial damage (10.4%) and bacterial superinfection (8.5%) [12]. (CFR) among laboratory-confirmed cases was higher in the early stages of the outbreak (17.3% for cases with symptom Incubation period: Current estimates suggest a median onset from 1-10 January RAPID RISK ASSESSMENT incubation period from five to six days for COVID-19, with a COVID-19 pandemic: increased transmission in the EU/EEA – range from one to up to 14 days. A recent modelling study seventh update 6 2020) and has reduced over time to 0.7% for confirmed that it remains prudent to consider the incubation patients with symptom onset after 1 February [8]. In data on period of at least 14 days [13,14]. Viral shedding: Over the course diagnosed COVID-19 cases in China and South Korea, overall of the infection, the virus has been identified in respiratory tract CFR was 2.3% and 0.5%, respectively, and increased with age specimens 1–2 days before the onset of symptoms, and it can in all settings, with the highest CRF among people over 80 persist up to 8 days in moderate cases and up to 2 weeks in years of age (14.8% and 3.7%, respectively) [9-11]. Similarly, severe cases. In terms of viral load profile, SARS-CoV-2 is age-specific estimates of crude case-fatality for Germany, Italy similar to that of influenza, which peaks at around the time of and Spain increased rapidly with age, particularly above 60 symptom onset [6,15], but contrasts with that of SARS-CoV years of age ). The absolute numbers of deaths also increased which peaks at around 10 days after symptom onset, and that of with age in each country: those aged 70–79 years accounted for MERS-CoV which peaks at the second week after symptom 19% (Germany), 36% (Italy) and 20% (Spain) of all deaths per onset. Older age has also been associated with higher viral country; these proportions rose to 74% (Germany), 50% (Italy) loads [15]. The high viral load close to symptom onset suggests and 67% (Spain) among those aged 80 years and above. Figure that SARS-CoV-2 can be easily transmissible at an early stage 4. Age-specific crude case-fatality (deaths/all cases) in of infection [15]. Viral RNA has been detected in faeces from Germany (TESSy data up to 24 March 2020), Italy (country day 5 after symptom onset and up to 4 to 5 weeks in moderate report with data up to 19 March 2020) and Spain (country cases, as well as in whole blood [16], serum [17,18] saliva [14,15] report with data up to 22 March 2020) Data from a country and urine [19]. Prolonged viral RNA shedding has been reported report for Italy as of 19 March 2020 showed an increased risk from nasopharyngeal swabs (up to 37 days among adult of death among males compared with females in all age groups patients [20] and in faeces (more than one month after infection from 50 years and above. in pediatric patients) [21]. It should be noted that viral RNA

The risk of death becomes more pronounced with age, with an shedding does not equate with infectivity. The viral load can be overall maletofemale ratio among COVID-19 deaths of 2.4:1. a potentially useful marker for assessing disease severity and According to TESSy data from Germany as of 24 March 2020, prognosis: a recent study indicated that viral loads in severe cases were up to 60 times higher than in mild cases [22]. this ratio is 1.6:1, with a particularly increased risk of death among males aged 70– 79 years compared to their female Basic reproduction number (R0): Recent modelling of the contemporaries. Among deceased patients in Italy until 19 basic reproductive number (R0) from Italy estimate R0 March 2020, 73.8% had between 2.76 and 3.25. Researchers from Lombardy who analyzed the early phase of the outbreak in their region reported a reduction in R0 shortly after the introduction of mitigation measures [23]. This is consistent with RAPID RISK

39311 | P a g e International Journal of Recent Scientific Research Vol. 11, Issue, 07 (C), pp. 39305-39329, July, 2020

ASSESSMENT COVID-19 pandemic: increased transmission in the EU/EEA – seventh update 7 findings from China. A recent review of 12 modelling studies reports the mean R0 at 3.28, with a median of 2.79. R0 is proportional to the contact rate and will vary according to the local situation. Further research is needed to get a more accurate estimate of R0 in the various outbreak settings [23].

Infection in asymptomatic individuals: Asymptomatic infection at time of laboratory confirmation has been reported from many settings [24-27]; a large proportion of these cases developed some symptoms at a later stage of infection [5,28]. There are, however, also reports of cases remaining asymptomatic throughout the whole duration of laboratory and clinical monitoring. Viral RNA and infectious virus particles were detected in throat swabs from two German citizens evacuated from Hubei province on 1 February 2020 who remained well and afebrile seven days after admission to a hospital in Frankfurt [29]. A mother and her child (from a family Figure 10 posted symptoms of covid-19 caused by Novel Corona virus, SARS-Cov-2 cluster) who both tested positive by quantitative RT-

PCR(nasopharyngeal swab samples) remained asymptomatic

(including normal chest CT images during the observation Index Cases of Covid-19 in Some Selected Countries Like period) [30]. Similar viral loads in asymptomatic versus Those of Nigria, Spain, Italy Germany, America, Iran A symptomatic cases were reported in a study including 18 Summarized Index Cases Of 2020 Covi19 In Nigeria patients [31]. Persistent positivity of viral RNA in throat and anal swabs was reported in an asymptomatic female patient after 17 Imo State has recorded its first case of the novel coronavirus days of clinical observation and treatment [28]. Transmission in disease, The PUNCH reports. The Nigeria Centre for Disease pre-symptomatic stage of infection: No significant difference in Control made this disclosure on Saturday night via Twitter.It viral load in asymptomatic and symptomatic patients has been announced that 87 new infections were recorded in the country reported, indicating the potential of virus transmission from [5,32,33]. while 35 fatalities and 222 recoveries were reported.It said the asymptomatic patients Major uncertainties remain with lethal infection has spread to 29 states including the Federal regard to the influence of PR symptomatic transmission on the Capital Territory Abuja. It stated, “87 new cases of COVID-19 overall transmission dynamics of the pandemic because the have been reported; 33 in Lagos, 18 in Borno, 12 in Osun, 9 in evidence on transmission from asymptomatic cases from case Katsina, 4 in Kano, 4 in Ekiti, 3 in Edo, 3 in Bauchi and 1 in reports is suboptimal. Pre-symptomatic transmission has also Imo. “As at 11:55 pm 25th April, there are 1182 confirmed been inferred through modelling, and the proportion of pre- cases of COVID-19 reported in Nigeria. Discharged: 222, symptomatic transmission was estimated between 48% and Deaths: 35.” A state-by-state breakdown showed that Lagos has 62% [34]. Pre-symptomatic transmission was deemed likely 689 cases while FCT has 138 infections followed by Kano with based on a shorter serial interval of COVID-19 (4.0 to 4.6 days) 77 cases. “Ogun – 35, Osun – 32, Gombe – 30, Katsina – 30, than the mean incubation period (five days). The authors Borno – 30, Edo – 22, Oyo – 18, Kwara – 11, Akwa Ibom – 11, indicated that many secondary transmissions would have Bauchi – 11, Kaduna – 10, Ekiti – 8, Ondo – 4, Delta – 6, already occurred at the time when symptomatic cases are Rivers – 3, Jigawa – 2, Enugu – 2, Niger – 2, Abia – 2, detected and isolated [35]. Children: Children made up a very Zamfara – 2, Sokoto – 2, Benue – 1, Anambra – 1, Adamawa – small proportion of the 50 068 cases reported to TESSy as of 1, Plateau – 1, Imo – 1,” it stated. 24 March. A Summarized Index Cases of 2020 Covi19 In Spain

The2019–20 coronavirus pandemicwas confirmed to have spread toSpainon 31 January 2020, when a German tourist tested positive forSARS-CoV-2inLa Gomera,Canary Islands.[70]Post-hoc genetic analysis has shown that at least 15 strains of the virus were imported andcommunity transmissionhad begun by mid-February.[72]By 13 March, cases had been confirmed in all 50 provinces of the Country.

A state of alarm and national lockdown was imposed on 14 March.[73]On 29 March it was announced that, beginning the following day, all non-essential workers were to stay home for [74] the next 14 days. By late March, theCommunity of Madridhas recorded the most cases and deaths in the country. Fig 11 posted Ebola virus strain not influence by antibody (they are scare) Medical professionals and those who live in retirement homes [75] have experienced especially high infection rates. On 25 March 2020, the death toll in Spain surpassedthat reported in 39312 | P a g e Silas David Emmanuel et al., Does Hiv/Aid/ Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (Sars), Ebola, Lassa Fever, Corona Virus (Covid-19) Pandemic Etc Respectively Curable Or Suppress Able? mainland Chinaand onlyItalyhad a higher death toll develop and administer tests, and loosened requirements to globally.On 2 April, 950 people died of the virus in a 24-hour allow anyone with a doctor's order to be tested.[80]The U.S. had period—at the time, the most by any country in a single tested fewer than 10,000 people by March 11,]but that number day.[76]The next day Spain surpassed Italy in total cases and is exceeded 1 million (1 per 320 inhabitants) by the end of the now second only to the United States. month.]The Trump administration largely waited until mid- March to start purchasing large quantities of medical As of 26 April 2020, there have been 207,634PCR-confirmed equipment. In late March, the administration started to use cases with 98,732 recoveries and 23,190 deaths in Spain.The theDefense Production Actto direct industries to produce actual number of cases, however, is likely to be much higher, medical equipment.[81]Federal health inspectorssurveyed as many people with only mild or no symptoms are unlikely to hospitals in late March, reporting shortages of test have been tested.The number of deceased is also believed to be supplies,personal protective equipment(PPE), and other an underestimate due to lack of testing and reporting, perhaps resources due to extended patient stays while awaiting test by as much as 10,000 according toexcess mortalityanalysis. results. By April 20, the United States had processed more than A Summarized Index Cases Of 2020 Covi19 In Usa 4 million tests (approximately 1 per 82 inhabitants).[82]

Theongoing pandemicofcoronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19), The CDC warned that widespread disease transmission may a novel infectious disease caused bysevere acute respiratory force large numbers of people to seek healthcare, which could syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2), spread to theUnited overload healthcare systems and lead to otherwise preventable Statesin January 2020. Cases have occurred in all fiftyU.S. deaths. On March 16, the White House advised against any statesand all inhabitedU.S. territoriesexcept Am erican gatherings of more than ten people.[83]Since March 19, 2020, Samoa.[77]All fifty states have receiveddisaster declarations the U.S.Department of Statehas advised U.S. citizens to avoid from the federal government. As of April 24, the U.S. death all international travel. In mid-March 2020, theFederal rate was 152 per million people, the tenth highest rate globally. Emergency Management Agency(FEMA) told theUnited States The first known case of COVID-19 in the U.S. was confirmed Army Corps of Engineersto construct new medical facilities, inSnohomish County,Washingtonon January 20, 2020, in a 35- and to convert leased buildings for use as hospitals year-old man who had returned fromWuhan, China, five days andintensive care units.State and local responsesto the outbreak earlier. On January 29, theWhite House Coronavirus Task have included prohibitions and cancellation of large-scale Forcewas established.[78] Two days later, theTrump gatherings (including cultural events, exhibitions, and sporting administrationdeclared apublic health emergencyand events),restrictions on commerce and movement, and the announced a ban of most foreign nationals arriving from closure of schools and other educational China.79] On February 26, a case in a person with "no known institutions.[84]Disproportionate numbers of cases have been exposure to the virus through travel or close contact with a observed amongAfrican Americanpopulations, and there have known infected individual" was confirmed by theCenters for been reportedincidents of xenophobia and racismagainstAsian Disease Control and Prevention(CDC). Americans.

Fig 12 posted interaction between HIV and the red blood cells. Blood is a perfect medium for the rapid replication of Virus, bacteria, mosquitos’ vectors etc. can the white blood cell fight against numerous virus found replicating in a suitable medium? then why drugs or vaccine that can only be suppressive?

The early U.S. response to the pandemic was slow, especially in regards totesting.A manufacturing defect rendered CDC- developed test kits unusable, and regulatory rules prevented commercial laboratories from using their own tests. Initially, Fig 13 posted Viral and host factors that influence the PresidentDonald Trumpwas optimistic, dismissing the threat pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2. Bats are the reservoir of a wide posed by coronavirus and claiming the outbreak was under variety of coronaviruses, including severe acute respiratory control. By March, theFoodand Drug Administration(FDA) syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) -like viruses. SARS-CoV- began allowing public health agencies and private companies to 2 may originate from bats or unknown intermediate hosts and 39313 | P a g e International Journal of Recent Scientific Research Vol. 11, Issue, 07 (C), pp. 39305-39329, July, 2020 cross the species barrier into humans. Virus-host interactions special measures to stockpile medical supplies or limit public affect viral entry and replication. Upper panel: Viral factor. freedom. Since 13 March, the pandemic has been managed in SARS-CoV-2 is an enveloped positive single-stranded RNA the protection stage as per the RKI plan, with German states (ssRNA) coronavirus. Two-thirds of viral RNA, mainly located mandating school and kindergarten closures, postponing in the first open reading frame (ORF 1a/b), encodes 16 non- academic semesters and prohibiting visits to nursing homes to structure proteins (NSPs). The rest part of the virus genome protect the elderly. Two days later, borders to five neighboring encodes four essential structural proteins, including spike (S) countries were closed. On 22 March, the government glycoprotein, small envelope (E) protein, matrix (M) protein, announcedthe imposition of a national curfewwhich allows and nucleocapsid (N) protein, and also several accessory people to leave their homes for certain activities only, including proteins. S glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 binds to host cell commuting to work, exercising or purchasing groceries in receptors, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), that is a groups not exceeding two people, unless they are from the critical step for virus entry. The possible molecules facilitated same household. As of 25 April 2020, 156,513 cases have been membrane invagination for SARS-CoV-2 endocytosis are still reported with 5,877 deaths and approximately 103,300 unclear. Other virus proteins may contribute to pathogenesis. recoveries. The low preliminary fatality rate in Germany, Host factors (Lower panel) can also influence susceptibility to compared to Italy and Spain, has resulted in adiscussionand infection and disease progression. The elderly and people with explanations citing the country's higher number of tests underlying disease are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 and tend to performed, higher number of available intensive care beds with develop into critical conditions. RBD, receptor-binding respiratory support, absence of COVID-19 analyses in domain; HR1, heptad repeats 1; HR2, heptad repeats autopsies performed and higher proportion of positive cases among younger people. The head of the Robert Koch Institute A Summarized Index Cases Of 2020 Covid-19 in Germany warned that the German death rate would increase over time The2019–20 coronavirus pandemicwas confirmed to have Baden-Württemberg A test center inSindelfingen, Baden- reachedGermanyon 27 January 2020, when the firstCOVID- Württemberg. Viral throat swabs are taken in a tent outside to 19case was confirmed and contained nearMunich, avoid contaminating the laboratory. Bavaria.[85]The majority of the cases in January and early On 25 February, a 25-year-old man fromGöppingen, Baden- February originated from the headquarters of a car parts Württemberg, who had recently returned fromMilan, Italy, manufacturer there. On 25 and 26 February, multiple cases tested positive and was treated in Klinik am Eichert.On 26 related to theItalian outbreak were detected inBaden February, Baden-Württemberg confirmed three new cases. Württemberg. A large cluster linked to a carnival event was formed in Heinsberg, North Rhine-Westphalia, with the first The 24-year-old girlfriend of the 25-year-old man from death reported on 9 March 2020. New clusters were introduced Göppingen and her 60-year-old father, who worked as a chief in other regions via Heinsberg as well as via people arriving physician at University Hospital Tübingen, tested positive and from China, Iran and Italy,[86] from where non-Germans could were admitted to the same hospital inTübingen. A 32-year-old arrive by plane until17–18 March. man fromRottweil, Baden-Württemberg, who had visitedCodogno, Italy with his family on 23 February, tested positive and was admitted to a hospital for isolation.[88] On 27 February, Baden-Württemberg confirmed four new cases, for a total of eight cases in the region. Two women and a man from Breisgau-Hoch schwarzwald and Freiburg, respectively, tested positive. They had had contact with an Italian participant at a business meeting inMunich; he was subsequently tested positive in Italy. A man from the district of Böblingen, who had had contact with the travel companion of the patient from Göppingen, also tested positive.[21]

Fig 14 posted Visualizing what covid-19 does to your body

German disease and epidemic control is advised by theRobert Koch Institute(RKI) according to a national pandemic plan. The outbreaks were first managed in a containment [87] stage, which attempted to minimize the expansion of clusters.

The German government and several health officials stated that fig 15 posted Corona virus and sex hmmm see HIV carrier and Corona virus the country was wellprepared and initially did not implement carrier where does man hope stand? Taking double orthodox medicine for suppressions and not cure, human being are in problem 39314 | P a g e Silas David Emmanuel et al., Does Hiv/Aid/ Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (Sars), Ebola, Lassa Fever, Corona Virus (Covid-19) Pandemic Etc Respectively Curable Or Suppress Able?

diagnosed man tested positiveOn 11 February, a 49-year-old On 28 February, Baden-Württemberg confirmed five new Webasto employee tested positive, as did a family member of a cases, bringing the total number of cases in the state to thirteen. previously diagnosed employee.[94] A man fromLudwigsburgwith flu symptoms who had tested On 27 February, Bavaria confirmed that a man fromMiddle negative forinfluenzavirus was automatically tested for SARS- Franconiatested positive after he had contact with an Italian CoV-2 and confirmed positive. A man fromRhine- man who later tested positive as well. Neckarreturning from a short ski holiday with mild cold symptoms checked himself in to the emergency department of On 8 March, a 83-year-old resident of the St. Nikolaus home of theUniversity Hospital Heidelbergand tested positive. A 32- the elderly inWürzburgwas brought into hospital and died four yearold man inHeilbronntested positive and was admitted to a days later diagnosed with COVID-19, becoming the first hospital. He had been in Milan on 21 February and fallen ill reported death of the virus in Bavaria.[95] with flu symptoms on 23 February.A man fromBreisgauwho By 27 March, ten more residents of the St. Nikolaus home of had travelled toBergamo, Italy also tested positive and the elderly had also died of the virus and 44 residents and 32 underwent isolation.[89] employees tested positive. The residency complained about a On 28 February, a man fromNurembergwho was inKarlsruheon lack of personnel and protective equipment. business was admitted to the Karlsruhe City Hospital. His [24] Berlin family in Nuremberg was also ill with respiratory symptoms. Bavaria A closed off playground inLankwitz, Berlin The first case detected in the nation's capital ofBerlinwas reported on 2 On 27 January 2020, theBavarian Ministry of Healthannounced March 2020.On 17 March, the government of Berlin that a 33-year-old employee ofWebasto, a German car parts announced plans to open a 1,000bed hospital for COVID-19 supplier atStarnberg, Bavaria tested positive forSARS-CoV- patients on the grounds ofMesse Berlinin theWestendlocality of 2.[90]He contracted the infection from a Chinese colleague who Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf.[96] had received a visit in Shanghai from her parents from Wuhan.[91]His was the first known case of a person contracting the virus outside of China from a nonrelative – the first known transmission of the virus outside China being father to son in Vietnam.[92]

On 28 January, three more cases were confirmed, a 27-year-old and a 40-year-old man as well as a 33-year-old woman. All three were also employees of Webasto. They were monitored and quarantined at the München Hospital inSchwabing.

On 30 January, a man fromSiegsdorfwho worked for the same company tested positive.

Fig 17 posted different kinds of virus

A Summarized Index Cases of 2020 Covid-19 in Iran

During the2019–20 coronavirus pandemic,Iranreported its first confirmed cases ofSARS-CoV-2infections on 19 February 2020 inQom.[97]The virus may have been brought to the country by a merchant from Qom who had travelled to China. Iran has the eighth-highest number of coronavirus cases in the world. [98] In response to the coronavirus thegovernmentcancelled public events andFriday prayers; closed schools, universities, shopping centers, bazaars, and holy shrines; and banned [99] festival celebrations. Economic measures were also

Fig 16 posted corona virus (Covid-19) announced to help families and businesses. The government initially rejected plans to quarantine entire cities and areas, and On 31 January and 3 February respectively, both his children heavy traffic between cities continued ahead ofNowruz, despite tested positive for SARS-CoV-2.[29]His wife also tested positive [93] the government's intention to limit travel. The government later on 6 February. A 52-year-old Webasto employee from announced a ban on travel between cities following an increase Fürstenfeldbrucktested positive. in the number of new cases. Some outside estimates of the On 1 February, a 33-year-old Webasto employee living numbers of COVID-19 deaths are much higher than those from [100] inMunichtested positive.[32]On 3 February, another employee government sources. The government has also been accused was confirmed positive.On 7 February, the wife of a previously of cover-ups, censorship, and mismanagement. However, 39315 | P a g e International Journal of Recent Scientific Research Vol. 11, Issue, 07 (C), pp. 39305-39329, July, 2020 theWorld Health Organizationsays that it has not seen problems with Iran's reported figures.[101] Multiple government ministers and senior officials have been diagnosed as SARSCoV-2 positive, as well as 23 members of theParliament(around 8% of all MPs). At least 12 sitting or former Iranian politicians and officials had died from the virus by 17 March.[102]Notable Iranians reported to have died from COVID-19 include Hadi Khosroshahi, Mohammad Mirmohammadi, Hossein Sheikholeslam, Fatemeh Rahbar, Reza Mohammadi Langroudi, Mohammad-Reza Rahchamani, Nasser Shabani, Hashem Bathaie Golpayegani, and Hamid Kahram.[103]

Early Cases (19 February – 23 February)

On 19 February, two people tested positive forSARS-CoV-2in [104] the city ofQom. Later that day, theMinistry of Healthand Figure 18 posted Ebola virus infiltrates host cells Medical Education(MOHME) stated that both had died.On 20 February, three new cases were reported by the MOHME. Two On 12 March, the MOHME reported 1,075 more new of them were from Qom and one fromArak.On 21 February, 2 confirmed cases and 75 new deaths. They also reported that deaths and 13 new cases were reported; seven cases were from 3,276 people had recovered. Iran requested an emergency loan Qom, four fromTehran, and two fromGilan Province.On 22 of US$5 billion from theInternational Monetary Fundfor the February, the MOHME reported 10 more infected cases, first time since the 1960s to help combat the outbreak. bringing the total to 29, and two more deaths, bringing the total However, the United States government opposed this request, to eight. Eight of the new cases were from Qom and two from according to Ali Shamkhani, the secretary of Iran's Supreme Tehran.[104] National Security Council.On 17 March, the MOHME reported 1,178 more new confirmed cases, 135 new deaths, and 5,389 On 23 February, Health MinisterSaeed Namakisaid that one of people who had recovered in total.Sharif Universitypublished a those who died was a merchant from Qom who travelled study about possible outcomes of the pandemic. Three regularly using indirect flights between China and Iran after scenarios were announced: if people cooperated immediately, direct flights were suspended between the two countries, and Iran would see 120,000 infections and 12,000 deaths before the may have brought the virus from China.[105]Spread of Covid-19 outbreak was over; if there was a medium amount of (24 April – 19 March) cooperation, there would be 300,000 cases and 110,000 deaths;

On 25 February, the Iranian government first told citizens that and if people did not follow any guidance, it could collapse Iran's already strained medical system and there would be 4 the U.S. had "hyped COVID-19 to suppress turnout" during [109] elections, and that it would "punish anyone spreading rumors million cases and 3.5 million deaths. On 19 March, the about a serious epidemic."A closed parliamentary session MOHME reported 18,407 total confirmed cases and 1,284 deaths. including Namaki and Ahmad Amirabadi Farahani was held. Body temperatures were tested prior to the meeting and three A Summarized Index Cases Of 2020 Covid-19 In Italy members of parliament, including Farahani, were requested to excuse themselves from the session and selfquarantine. All Anongoing pandemicofcoronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19), three attended the session. Farahani later spoke with journalists a novel infectious disease caused bysevere acute respiratory and gave television interviews wearing a mask and pair of syndrome coronavirus2(SARS-CoV-2), was first confirmed to [106] have spread to Italy on 31 January 2020, when two Chinese gloves. The MOHME reported that there were 593 [110] confirmed cases and 43 deaths as of 29 February.A patient tourists in Rome tested positive for the virus. One week later receiving treatment in a hospital inTehran Number of cases an Italian man repatriated back to Italy from the city ofWuhan, (blue) and number of deaths (red) on alogarithmic scale. On 1 China, was hospitalized and confirmed as the third case in March, the MOHME reported 385 new confirmed cases, 11 Italy. A cluster of cases was later detected, starting with 16 new deaths, and 52 more people who had recovered, bringing confirmed cases inLombardyon 21 February, and 60 additional the total recoveries to 175.[107]On 11 March, the MOHME cases and the first deaths on 22 February. By the beginning of March, the virus had spread to all regions of Italy.[111] reported 9,000 new confirmed cases, 354 deaths, and a total of 2,959 patients that had recovered. On 31 January, the Italian government suspended all flights to PresidentHassan Rouhanitook the chair of the national and from China and declared a state of emergency. In February, taskforce on combatting the outbreak, replacing the Health eleven municipalities innorthern Italywere identified as the Minister at the request of lawmakers.[108] People in centers of the two main Italian clusters and placed under Shirazwearing facemasks next to a closed market quarantine. The majority of positive cases in other regions traced back to these two clusters. On 8 March 2020, Prime MinisterGiuseppe Conteexpanded the quarantine to all of Lombardy and 14 other northern provinces, and on the following day to all of Italy,placing more than 60 million people in quarantine.[112]]On 11 March 2020, Conte prohibited nearly all commercial activity except for supermarkets and

39316 | P a g e Silas David Emmanuel et al., Does Hiv/Aid/ Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (Sars), Ebola, Lassa Fever, Corona Virus (Covid-19) Pandemic Etc Respectively Curable Or Suppress Able? pharmacies. On 21 March, the Italian government closed all 21,067, 132,210 and 3.495 respectively. Nigeria located in non-essential businesses and industries, and restricted Africa has the least of all with 1182, 222 and 35 death movement of people.[114] respectively. According to President Donald Trump of the United State is possible that Nigeria in African or African On 6 March 2020, the Italian College of Anesthesia, Analgesia, continent have Voodoo and charms are responsible for the low Resuscitation and Intensive Care (SIAARTI) publishedmedical death rate, where as other continent are losing their citizen in ethicsrecommendations regardingtriageprotocols that might thousands. Only few are dying in Africa as many keep need to be employed. recovering on daily bases. This is starting especially to As of 25 April 2020, Italy is one of the world's centers of active Americas who think that African are enchanting death because coronavirus cases with 105,847 active cases.[115]The total of they neither have health care nor medical facilities. confirmed cases is 195,351, with 26,384 deaths, and 63,120 According to him this is very heart breaking for Americans. He recoveries or dismissals. By 25 April, Italy had conducted further added one asked why are these niggas not dying. what about 1,707,700 tests for the virus, and tested about 1,052,000 are we not doing correctly? Trump says once again American people. Due to the limited number of tests performed, the real and Europeans are very angry that corona virus pandemic is number of infected people in Italy, as in other countries, is now very partial (Sir God is not a partial judge), and that estimated to be higher than the official count. On 19 March, corona pandemic seems to be sparing Italy became the country with the highest number of confirmed Africans and now killing Americans and Europeans in coronavirus deaths in the world, but on 11 April it was thousands overtaken by the United States. [116] Donald Trump and co added by asking, why is the corona Chapter Three virus pandemic hates whites and love black? They finally jump into conclusion that African are using black magic, charm and METHODOLOGY/ MATERIALS voodoo. Edmon in his puzzle said how can people without

The method employed was primarily based on the literature health care facilities, medical equipment and drugs be review approach, which was largely and qualitatively in nature. surviving corona virus, while countries with medical facilities Thus guided by scheme emerging infectious diseases of viral solid health care system. He said there must be something pandemic (Covid-19, SARS-Cov2) etc. respectively wrong somewhere

Table 1 Total confirm, recovered and death cases ascertained Chapter Four th globally 27-28 april 2020 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

We Trust In God, You Trust In Drugs African Replied Americans

Taking a pictorial general over view of pool/toll index of 2020 corona virus (covid-19) globally in table 1. has shown that the total confirm cases currently is over to 3 million follow by recovered case s with 892599, and the least was 210842 as per Table 2 The Geographical Distribution Of Corano Virus just 3 weeks or so. Thus, in comparison to the previous findings Pandemicinfection In Some Selected Countries 27-28th April which was 0ver2million confirm cases, recovered cases was 2020 486, 622 and death toll was 126,681. There were un-doubt differences spotted massively hmm…. Where do the faith of human being stand? It is possibly one could think that the world is actually making its final fare well to an end for the existence of human being talk-less of animals. Jesus Christ added that Nation shall rise against Nation, famine, plague, floor, pestilence, earth quack rumors of war etc. respectively would have been the beginning of sorrow. For nation shall rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom: and there shall be famines, and pestilences, and earthquakes, in divers places. All these are the beginning of sorrows. Then shall they deliver you up to be afflicted, and shall kill you: and ye shall be hated of all nations for my name's sake. And then shall many be offended, and shall betray one another, and shall hate one another Matthew 24:710 . Nation willrise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom. T herwill be earthquakes in various places, as well as famines. These are the beginning of birth pains Mark 13:8.In table 2. it has shown that USA has the highest confirmed and death pool/toll with 987,467 and 56,164 respectively followed by Spain with 174,060 and 81,255 respectively Italy and Germany also have their own problem with 162,488 and 39317 | P a g e International Journal of Recent Scientific Research Vol. 11, Issue, 07 (C), pp. 39305-39329, July, 2020

sent to Africa/ Nigeria is not a vaccine for corona virus but poison. So, Nigeria the giant of Africa watch and pray least you would have fallen into temptation or victims of circumstances. There has been no vaccine they have ever sent to Africa/ Nigeria that has ever done any good. the writer also reveals that during HIV/AID, they’ve created a vaccine or drugs for the cured and in reciprocal they infected a lot of African/Nigerian with HIV. Before God and man there are a lot of people that are HIV carrier, thus they’ve gotten it through so many indiscriminate / illegal Sex yet they are under drugs immune suppression. Is that a vaccine or drug for HIV cured? Let us not deceive

Fig 19 posted how other infection are curable while viral infections like those of Herpatitis B, Herper simplex Virus, HIV, corona virus etc are incurable?

Scret Plan of China Against Nigeria or Africa

American lady reveals secrete plan of China against Nigeria and the writer was solidly in agreement with her. A conspiracy theory continues brew the spread of Covid -19 pandemic and G5 network and it link from China and American woman has taken to her social media page to share her opinion regarding to the recent global that is happening. There is yet identified lady reportedly expose the plan of china against Africa and amid

Covid-19. The writer or servant of the most high is advising Plate 1 posted the Vaccine/cured of Convid-19, HIV/AID, Ebola, Lasser the African to be wise enough to carry the bull by the horn for fever( Anti-viral broad spectrum) the secret conspiracies they have so the degrade the Africans to ourselves. So many people globally are HIV carrier syndrome nothingness. Rightly as the genesis of the covid- 19 was right and people are dying due to the immunosuppressive drugs yet from China, they lied about what it started, how it started and scientist have claimed they have the drugs. God is not a where it started. As matter of truth it started 6 weeks before respecter of any person and who so ever that’ve entered in to they finally let the cat out the bag to humanity. The writer good covenant relationship with him he would survive Corona, also explained why the China is kicking Africans out of their Ebola and HIV virus without qualm. Prophet Abraham/Lots homes (racism). There are so many Chinese that are living in his brother, Prophet Noah, Prophet Moses all the generation of Africa and they in-turn kicking Africa’s out of their respective Laws Survive the Plague and wrath of God in their generation. houses, therefore accusing them of bringing Covid-19 to China. Our secret sins would fetch each an every one of us in the Corona virus have dully originated from China, where they generation of grace through so many plagues of all kinds. ‘ve found quite hardly to speaking the truth when it comes to Whether you are a Doctor, General in the army, Accountant reality. A country that hate Africans, yet Jibril El- Aminu General, “Presido”/ president of a country, Minister of God, Sudanese or Buhari the president of Nigeria invited team of Cora no virus has no respect to any body that lives in Sin. One quack doctors to trooping in Nigeria so as to alleviate the could be at a safe side if he distances his/her self from illegal covid-19 from infected Nigerian citizenry. Team of China sex and serving other gods (spiritual distances). Apart from doctor that troop in to Nigeria for help, are in the other ways keeping arm at length from each other (i.e. is the physical have secret agendas. If they are good doctors why don’t they distance). Whether you like it or not the secret of spiritual come and teach the Nigerian doctor for just a week or so. Thus, distance is the most powerful and dangerous in comparison the Nigerian doctor would have carried go the fake and with the physical. So, my fellow brethren stay clear from illegal adulterated virus Vaccine/ drugs produced by the China. BY sex, consulting soothsayer/ seer/ African magic beer, Indian 2050 the china is going to be so much and so there wouldn’t be magic beer, German magic beer/fortune teller American Magic enough space to live in china, so they want your country and beer/ fortune teller etc. are all Idolatries. If white men are they don’t want you in theirs. complaining that why the black race are not dying like the The writer talks about people who hold their noise when you white race, then it should be that black man do respect God to walk pass and now, they are sending a vaccine, what vaccine? an instant when the white man have no respect to God at all They haven’t created a vaccine; no country had created a time because of their technological know-how. Who gave them vaccine for Covid-19/HIV/ Ebola yet what so ever they have the technology is it not the gods they visit in the secret all times for solution? So, let their gods solve the problem of HIV, 39318 | P a g e Silas David Emmanuel et al., Does Hiv/Aid/ Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (Sars), Ebola, Lassa Fever, Corona Virus (Covid-19) Pandemic Etc Respectively Curable Or Suppress Able?

Ebola, Covid-19 etc. respectively and completely. No vaccine are not vaccines. If they’ve gotten vaccine, let them 1st of all or drugs they’ve produced that would have eradicate use it against the virus in their lab, use it on animals before HIV/Ebola/Covid-19 except immunosuppression (immune testing it on humans. So whatever vaccine they have brought to suppression). if the white man has no respect to God Almighty Africa/ Nigeria is to kill us. As of matter of truth China want to and they are dying like chicken why then the black men wipe out African/ Nigerian because they want to take over the wouldn’t have taught the white men how to truth God continent. They also reveal that China is given trillions/billions Almighty in truth and in spirit of loans to African countries with interest as a token plan to take over Africa. The writer once again discloses that the Severe Symptoms Chinese people in Nigeria have a hidden agenda, they left their In 15-20% cases, the immune system’s response to country and arrive Nigeria government welcome them adding inflammation in the lungs can cause what’s known as that one of their plans is to spread the virus in Nigeria and give a “cytokine storm”. This runaway response can cause more people poison in the name of drugs or vaccine or suppression. damage to the body’s own cells than to the virus it’s trying to DOES CORA NO VIRUS(COVID-19) HAS CURE? defeat, and is thought to be the main reason for why the If the virulent of the corona virus pandemic to the victim of conditions of young, otherwise healthy individuals can rapidly circumstances is very poisonous, right from the respiratory tract deteriorate. down to two bronchoachoalvelar leading to the lungs inside the If enough alveoli collapse, a patient to be placed on a ventilator alveolar where there is an exchange of Oxygen/ within the for breathing assistance. Both acute respiratory distress blood). Thus, is most likely that the blood served as a medium syndrome (ARDS) and high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) for rapid mutation of the deadly Convid-19 in the infected are being investigated as causes. person due to the presence of the protein present in the blood. Peradventure ones take in an opportunistic polluted aerosol containing clusters of Cora no virus. or conducted the next- generation sequencing from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and cultured isolates, would there be a solution? Furthermore, routine work on research with viral pneumonia which is far and far younger to the Covid -19, would there be an appreciable result? Let it be known to the scientist the more an appreciable protein present in the medium which is more or less the enzyme (essential element), the better the Convid-19 attached itself to replicate or mutate and there by releasing toxins or poisons in human body (from localized to generalized fashion in the body). Thus, concomitantly oxidation and reduction process would onlybe the energy giver to the Covid- 19 and there by releasing of electron (ADP + Pi = ATP + energy release).

Similarly, process goes to Bacteriophage

Figure 20 At this stage, the surfactant that helps keep alveoli from collapsing has been diluted, and fluid containing cellular debris is impairing the gas exchange process that supplies oxygen to our bloodstream.

Thus, as the writer is concern, both black and white man race have small shit in their anus; except, that the black man shit is too short in his anus in comparison to the white man with long shit in his anus. Thus, because of the satanic technology they might have acquire from their idol. (No respect to God Almighty and they are full of “braggardos”/ braggard of the fact that they are better than the black race.

White man acquires his knowledge from their gods so as to make name while the black man wisdom is from the idol they worship or patronize in secret after church. For this reason, was to kill his fellow brother from progressing (stagnated or wasted Fig 20 b posted the structure of virus attacking Bacteria(Bacterriophage) material)! The African who are always in dependent to white (Virus attacking the Bacteria) see illustration in fig 20b. men as woman wrappers, the writer has warned not to accept Scientist is there any other ways or hope to blocking the protein any corona virus vaccine, and that if a vaccine has been created synthesis so as the convid-19 would have stopped replication? by Chinese let them 1st of all tries it to their people. Adding that A microbiologist from Nigeria has thrown these challenges to if Nigeria/Africa countries accept any vaccine which has not the Doctors/ Scientist in general? The Better the protein been tested in America/Germany/ Russia etc. or other high-risk content in a substrate the greater the Convid-19/ bacteria/ countries that is not a vaccine but poison. Suppression drugs fungi/yeast etc. mutate or replicate in millions in a twinkle of 39319 | P a g e International Journal of Recent Scientific Research Vol. 11, Issue, 07 (C), pp. 39305-39329, July, 2020 an eye. For this reason, it would be very difficult for a vaccine Fig 21 posted natural predator viruses of bacteria (Life cycle). Virus has no respect to any live creature. It attacks bacteria how much more of human being or cure of the Convid-19 to be possible, the only remedy to the solution is immunosuppression. Believe, me or not viruses are big or small, if at least they are and so long their (Africans)HIV was or has been one of major human being requirement for growth and multiplication is attended with problems or hindrances of life and no vaccine or cured what so immediate alacrity. Viruses like those of HIV, EBOLA, ever that have been accentuated by the scientist; except, the COVID-19 etc. respectively have an RNA genome and thereby immunosuppression. Many persons nowadays are carrier of could be converted from RNA to DNA before hijacking the HIV due to illegal Sex that is not ordained by God Almighty. host cell as seen in figure 2 and 8. There are several viruses So, fourth as far as the microbiologist is concern or the servant that use reverse transcriptase such as human Tlymphotropic of the most high, for corona virus the only remedy to it is virus (HTVL) type 1 and 2 and human immunodeficiency through immunosuppression or otherwise lives shall continue virus (HIV) HTLV 1 may cause leukemia, cancer of the white to parish to hell. The therapy has been given to the servant of cells in some infected patients by mutating the white blood the most high by Jesus Christ to be administered to mankind so cell DNA. HIVL 2 has been associated with brain disorder that man should desist or not venture falls into a pang of (neurodegeneration) where parts of the brains and spinal cord frustration with God Almighty (illegal sex). break down. In like manner HIV is the most well-known e.g.

Mechanism Of Corona Virus(Covid-19) Hiv, Ebola Virus Etc retrovirus when HIV or any other viruses infects a cell it brings with its genome made of RNA single strand and the DNA Corona virus is a family of viruses common to both in people double strand. The RNA enters the cell and the reverse and animals sometime the viruses can be transfer from animal transcription copies the viral RNA to DNA the viral DNA is cut to people which is the believe of the scientist; thus, as it is and paste into the host cell DNA as shown in fig 8. There is spreading now. It is often called the “new” or “novel” corona always a lot of tricked by the virus through which the host cells virus because it has not been widely spread before in human. are being misled for the replication of viruses and this has The technical term is SARS-Cov-2 and not to be misconceive always become a big set beck to human cells. the bases for the to SARS Cov. Taking a critical view of the virus that has protein syntheses by the host cells have been altered by the immensely contributed to a global outbreak in in 2003 from antigen (virus). The host cells might not necessarily notice and table 1 once again as in 27th- 28th April 2020 confirm cases was the antigen kept on producing replicates of new viruses in 3,034,603, recovered cases was 892599, death toll 210,842 localize form that would later be given birth to generalize respectively. In just three weeks or so the findings have risen to fashion (spread all over the tissue, kidney, liver, heart etc. about 3.6 million confirm cases, followed by recovery cases respectively. Thus, this perpetual mimicry of replicate of with about 1.18 million and the death toll was about 69,000. viruses in the host cell is likely to be a tumor (bad). On the Thus, what is the hope of humanity to her futuristic endeavor contrary is so good for the viruses since the goal of the virus regarding to development. Is it in progress or degeneration? have been achieved for their survival, and there by making Taking a bold step of faith let us considered how covid-19 do more virus in the host as shown in figures, 26, 23 and 22b. If have access in to the host cell. For this reason and to a one may ask why do people go to school? It is because they layman understanding (simple protein syntheses) as could be need a futuristic good health living, and earn fat salary at a view in figure 1. the molecule of mRNA from a double DNA favorable condition, the virus too need to earn a good living or helix shape providing the codes to synthesized a protein. In survive at a well enrich medium like blood; that contains all the process of translation, the mRNA gradually moves in the available microelement and macro-element for their survival. cytoplasm to attaching itself to ribosome a long side with Let us not shy away from the truth that HIV is mostly gotten codon, in the process of time the tRNA molecules became so through sexual intercourse or sexual transmission. Peradventure activated in the cytoplasm once again through which its shuttles one is infected by Covid-19 infection and he keeps the secrete alongside with anticodon carrying the appropriate amino acid with in him and as we’ve known virus is virus it has no respect to the ribosome. One by one codded by sequential triplet codon to any person. Even though covid- 19 is widely known on the mRNA until a complex protein is finally synthesized or through respiratory tract infection through cough, hand shake yielded. Thus, one might not have come across of alteration in and others. Do we know that the virus can metamorphosize their bases (G-C, A-U, T-A) etc. respectively. Contrary wise and get its selves through sextual intercourse? Believe me or reverse transcription in viruses is that most viruses use reverse not the human spermatozoa are highly enriched medium or transcription to their survival (i.e. the concept of survival of the contain some palatable ingredient that could sustain the covid- fittest). For this reason, whether 19; hence, the spermatozoa contain genetic material too. Going by the rules and regulations of virus to human, it has come to our knowledge that reverse transcription is not only applicable to virus but also good for the human antibodies. Here the DNA is transcribed or copied to RNA and then translated to protein without qualm or alteration of the virus. Reverse transcriptase copies RNA back to DNA. Let us considered one moving down one-way street, normally traffic only moves in one direction but then someone from out of town is driving the opposite direction. Reverse transcriptase drives the opposite way out. In molecular processes in cells, converting RNA back to DNA. Even though reverse transcription occurs in virus, contrary wise

our cells have reverse transcription enzymes that are useful and

39320 | P a g e Silas David Emmanuel et al., Does Hiv/Aid/ Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (Sars), Ebola, Lassa Fever, Corona Virus (Covid-19) Pandemic Etc Respectively Curable Or Suppress Able? even essential to our body. It helps to prevent our essential to our well-being! An enzyme called telomerase is an important reverse transcriptase in our body, it helps to prevent our chromosome from breaking over time and it control aging in cells. It’s like a handyman in the house preventing our appliances of the structure of the house from wear and tear over time. In the image telomerase is shown copying RNA to DNA to add on the chromosome in the call parent than from wearing down as shown in fig. 4 Both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells have retrotransposons. These are copies of DNA in the genome that are converted to RNA through a reverse transcriptase and then back to DNA. Thus, it is eventually inserted

Ebola virus: The genus ebolavirus consists of five known Figure 22a posted Ebola virus particle is shown with key viral strains: Ebola Zaire (which is also commonly referred to as Ebola virus), Sudan virus, Bundibugyo virus, Tai Forest virus it takes multiple exposures or a chronic exposure to a virus and Reston virus. The first four are known to cause the Ebola before such antibodies are produced, as in the case of patients virus disease (EVD, also known simply as Ebola) in humans, infected with the dengue, influenza or HIV viruses. "[By] while the fifth has been known only to affect other primates so knowing precisely where the antibodies attach to the far. From the moment the virus infects its victim, a deadly glycoprotein molecules and when and how they act to game of deception unfolds as it binds itself to the host cell's neutralize ebolaviruses, we can begin to craft broadly effective outer membrane (see illustration in figure 20). It is then immunotherapies," says John Dye, chief of viral immunology transported into the cell in a membrane-bound bubble called at the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious anendosome, which eventually becomes alysosome– a Diseases, who was part of the study. To observe their efficacy, spherical membrane-enclosed structure that functions as the the researchers tested the antibodies on human cells in a lab cell's digestive system. Since the lysosome is located deep setting and found that they provided protection against several within the cell, the virus is able to evade the notice of the strains of ebolavirus. They also tested them on ferrets, wild immune system and go about its business undetected. mice and genetically modified mice and found that the Eventually, the virus latches onto a protein receptor called antibodies were able to protect these animals from the NPC1 to infiltrate the host cell's cytoplasm (i.e. the fluid that Bundibugyo virus, Zaire virus, and Sudan virus, respectively. fills a cell), where it can multiply and continue to infect the rest of the body's cells. Previously, the only antibody that had been That said, it should be noted that there were instances in which discovered came from a mouse. To find human antibodies that the antibodies proved to be ineffective. One was when the would be able to thwart the virus, the researchers surveyed 349 ferrets were exposed to the Bundibugyo virus and treated with specimens that they got from the blood of a survivor of the ADI-15742, which resulted in the virus developing a mutation 2013-16 Ebola epidemic and found two that fit the bill: ADI- that enabled it to escape the antibody's effects. In addition, the 15878 and ADI-15742, both of which were able to neutralize antibodies had no effect on theLloviuandMarburgviruses, the five known ebolaviruses. The two antibodies work by which are related to ebolavirus, in human cells. Nevertheless, binding to the glycoproteins that protrude from the virus' the researchers believe that with further studies, the antibodies surface before it has a chance to enter the lysosome. These could lead to the development of a therapy, in particular one proteins are essential for helping it escape from the lysosome that could confer protection against all known strains of the and, with the antibodies bound to them, the virus is unable to virus. At present, Ebola vaccines, such asrVSV-ZEBOV, target do so and infiltrate the host cell's cytoplasm. This essentially only one particular strain. "Since it's impossible to predict stops it from replicating and neutralizes the infection. which of these agents will cause the next epidemic, it would be According to study co-leader Kartik Chandran, a professor of ideal to develop a single therapy that could treat or prevent microbiology and immunology, what makes this discovery so infection caused by any known ebolavirus," says study co- unexpected is that the antibodies come from an individual who leader Zachary Bornholdt, director of antibody discovery at has only been exposed to the virus once. Usually, Mapp Biopharmaceutical. In addition, since the antibodies can stay in the bloodstream for a long time, it could also be used in advance to dose those with a high chance of coming into contact with the. "We'd like to synthesize vaccine immunogens [proteins that trigger antibody production] that can elicit the same types of broadly protective antibodies in people," says his fellow co-leader Kartik Chandran, a professor of microbiology and immunology at Albert Einstein College of Medicine. Pictures of Ebola are shown in figure 11, 18 and 22

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particular high in an organization or environment. So, to say the vaccine or drugs that many people ingest in to their system against HIV. Covid-19, Ebola etc. respective have once again done more harm to human than good. As the ball is trace on the right tract, believe me, or not virtually every body have acquired HIV through sextual intercourse or transmission; except, the small ones that have not been expose to sex. Primary pupil from class 4 to 6, JSS1 to SS3 talk less of tertiary institutions have one way or the other are victim of circumstance (HIV) carrier. Taking a suppressive drugs or vaccine can only subside one’s hiccups for some months or years. Hence forth the suppressive viral in human body is rendered motionless through combine forces i.e. artificial antibodies help the natural antibodies to thwarting the

antigen(virus) to nothingness for a while. At a particular point Fig 22b posted HIV life cycle and how drugs works in different ways in time when one is trying to reinforce the vaccine or drugs in Danger of Vaccine/ Suppression Drugs to the body, is most likely that some virus must have been metamorphized to another thing else; and thereby injure Having talk of the theory of protein syntheses, reverse some of the organs in the system. Consequently, one might transcriptase with regard to how virus do camouflage itself have beginning to experience perpetual high-blood in human genome as well as reverse transcriptase to human pressure, diabatic, pile, Cancer of the lung, cancer of the heart, health wise as shown in fig,2 ,4 and 7. it has proven that the kidney failure, heart failure, malaria, typhoid fever, gray hairs, viruses themselves have schematic and deceitful ways of one at 35 -40 and above one could hardly read with his/her surviving in human body. More so in the case of bacteria, naked eyes etc. respectively. Thus, the perpetual ingestion yeast, fungi, etc. respectively. These few organisms were of attenuated drugs/ vaccine against the antigen have to be design by God so as to be beneficial to human being. change for another or otherwise. For good ness sake where is Industrialized organisms like those of Penicillium species the hope for Humanity? What are the quack scientists/ doctors (drugs), Aspergillus niger (enzyme amylase), Bacillussp, doing, toying with peoples live to dunghill? God forbids! (enzyme bating ), Saccharomyces cerevisiae S. overum( for Statistically or the medical report have proven that so many brewers) etc. respectively have no hiccups to humans as they people hardly scale 40years. And anything above that, one is are being toiled with. concomitantly to virus which are no living by grace. When ones die within such a stipulated tender nonsense organisms (no respect) to either animal or human age or premature dead, is a course against humanity what does being. The writer called them viral evil spirit being (from the bible say about three scores and ten? The days of our years familiar evil spirit being); hence, they do behave like human are threescore years and ten; and if by reason of strength they bearing satanic attributes. Similarly, this episode goes a long be fourscore years, yet is their strength labour and sorrow; for it way to how human being and their threat against their follow is soon cut off, and we fly away. Psalm 90:10 brothers in their offices or elsewhere. For every soldier dare to be a general in the army, for every academician also dare to be Are threescore years and ten - Not as life originally was, but as a professor and every civil servant strive to be Director it has been narrowed down to about that period; or, this is the General. Thus, these top-ranking officers would not dare ordinary limit of life. This passage proves that the psalm was allowed their subordinate to strive hard for their interim post. written when the life of man had been shortened, and had been Even if the subordinate does something that requires honor to reduced to about what it is at present; for this description will the glory of an organization rather than themselves. apply to man now. It is probable that human life was gradually Nevertheless, the viruses themselves fight for their survival in a diminished until it became fixed at the limit which now bounds suitable medium or environment and the less privilege suffered it, and which is to remain as the great law in regard to its a great deal (suppression). This term is called in biology duration upon the earth. All animals, as the horse, the mule, the (survival of the fittest or natural selective). Prior to HIV in its elephant, the eagle, the raven, the bee, the butterfly, have each pandemic it kills a lot of people, SARS also Killed a lot of a fixed limit of life, wisely adapted undoubtedly to the design people and Covid-19 too is ravaging many to negativism for which they were made, and to the highest happiness of the (Natural selective). naturally in such a fearful pandemic most whole. So, of man. There can be no doubt that there are good people must die so as the remaining ones would have learnt a reasons - some of which could be easily suggested - why his lesson to leaving holy life with God Almighty. As lives of term of life is no longer. But, at any rate, it is no longer; and in human being continue to live in sin without taken precaution of that brief period, he must accomplish all that he is to do in the previous incident, God would always allow the evil viral reference to this world, and all that is to be done to prepare him spirit being to operate in human for a natural selection to be for the world to come. It is obvious to remark that man has made until his set time is due. So much to say the perpetual enough to do to fill upthe time of his life; that life to man is too antiviral drugs or anti-viral vaccine suppression for human precious to be wasted. health that people do take these days have seriously done more harm than good in their system. What is the essence for one to take vaccine/ drugs on a yearly or monthly routine only to suppressed the virus in human body? The term suppression in a lay man language is to hinder someone to reaching a 39322 | P a g e Silas David Emmanuel et al., Does Hiv/Aid/ Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (Sars), Ebola, Lassa Fever, Corona Virus (Covid-19) Pandemic Etc Respectively Curable Or Suppress Able?

blood pressure, diabetes, pills Hepatitis A, B, and C, Afro hair is turn to grey hairs, eye vision is fast getting attenuated, cancer of the brain, cancer of the breast, heart failure, kidney problem,

Fig 23 posted interaction between the viral RNA and human DNA for oisoning

Furthermore, taking attenuated drugs or vaccine that have gotten to do with HIV, or any other virus infected person, such a person is always prone to high blood pressure diabetes, pile, Figure 24 posted three steps of PCR polymerase chain reaction function one could hardly read with eye class at 40 or so. Not only that alone but also many opportunistic illnesses must always occur catarrah /glaucoma of the eye etc. respectively (as post sign and in all ramification to a person that is expose to viral diseases. symptom of perpetual viral disease in human body). The Enough of such habitual drug addict that warrant to taking viral perpetual viral infection in human body do have its expiring vaccine drugs attenuation. Thus, this have drastically reduced incubation period time and it depend on how the patient takes man life span to nothingness. In the process of time the side the drugs. To some it takes 5 years, 10 years, 15 years etc effect of monthly or yearly routine of indiscriminate ingestion respectively before it become AIDS (last bus stop), while other of antiviral drugs could be hazardous to human cells. A lot of dies at their plumpy stage as a result of following illnesses; people dying now adays is as a result of viral infections. Thus, High blood pressure, diabetes, Typhoid, Malaria, Hepatitis A, people always run and hide under the pretense of not having B, C, Cancer and so many attribute of every kinds of illness. HIV when they have it. “Kai” hospital has become herbal home Antiviral drugs and vaccine are not the only ultimate for human while other do run the test by themselves at home as well as solution in this generation of grace but they’ve contributed other for their private home clinic test and drugs. What a mess? immensely to destroying one’s organelles to nothingness (their Naturally God does not design us to be drugs addict through toxic effect/ antigens). When the doctors/ nurses realize that viral infection disease. Virtually all doctors have become the HIV/AIDS patient life span is quarter to go they would medical lap scientist as well as pharmacist for lab technicians. always refer such a patient to another hospital. General They have not habituated or cultivated the algorithm of hospital Chika has always been last bus stop. Further research project; instead, of waiting for imported foreign made investigations were also made to how doctors/ nurses do toil drugs/ vaccine to be prescribed and administered to patients. with human life, they would finally inject patient to dead. Thus, For these reasons the drugs could be poisonous to the black he/she is not useful in the society and why is he breathing. men race through over dependent on imported drugs. Thus, So, my fellow country people Antiviral drugs and vaccine are these signals are contributing factors that led to many African not the lasting solution to humanity or ‘nearly does not kill a countries dying lake chicken unknowingly as well as the white bird’. At any particular point in time when the doctors and men race are not left too of viral infection. nurses are on strike the federal government would always made hey when the sunshine for them. Further investigations were made regarding to ones whose status is an HIV or viral carrier. According to data base Nevertheless, introducing another’s man culture into your investigations, the HIV carrier’s status and drugs to be system (culture) is very dangerous. Nigeria and china in the administered depend on the incubation period or how long. early 70 were categorized in the same third-class world When the viral infection is at acute stage there are drugs to be countries and where is china now? China are agitating to administered to such a victim of circumstances. On the other overtake USA as world class number 1 for stealing her hand, when an infected person case is a chronic one there are technology. if Nigerian too would have stolen china drugs too. Peradventure ones does take the therapy as prescribe technology with her endogenous technology, “Haba kai” who by the doctor correctly then such a person would always look are they? Importing expert rate or Chinese doctors at the very a bit fresh and not too plump. However, there are the non- heat period of Covid-19 pandemic was a big blow to a whole challans attitude types that do take the drugs out of the country like Nigeria. A Hausa popular saying “In Kura doctors’compliance, and such a person would always look namaganinzayokan ta tayi ma kanta mu gani” / if the Chinese emaciated thatwould have given birth to AIDS (last bus stop). expert rate have gotten the viral anti-drug/ vaccine / solution, Contrarywise the good looking and bad looking ones would let them test it for themselves before bringing it to Nigeria always have one illness or the other. Thus, like those of High see the illustration in Table 2 it is not just a recent episode 39323 | P a g e International Journal of Recent Scientific Research Vol. 11, Issue, 07 (C), pp. 39305-39329, July, 2020 but late April 2020. Now with influx of covid-19, both good machine, and the machine changes the temperature to suit each and fake Vaccine/drugs would be introducedto people who are step of the process. covid- 19 victim of circumstances. peradventure one has been Standard ingredients in the mixture are carrying perpetual HIV disease in his system including the new pandemic Covid-19. For goodness sake where would one  the DNA segment of interest go for solution! (“Kai”…/chai…”/surprisingly) where is man  specific primers hope for safety; it is a multiple obituary to the pit of hell!  heat-resistant DNA polymerase enzyme please doctors let talk reality and shame the devil. Hospital that  the four different types of DNA nucleotides was used to receiving patient by doctors for consultancy  the salts needed to create a suitable environment for services regarding to one’s health has become (Herbalist home the enzyme to act. /” gidan Boka”). In the early stage of HIV pandemic diseases outbreak as per those days (sextual transmission), many people What is the PCR process? were running from latitude west to east for condom as a safety Step 1: Denaturation: As in DNA replication, the two strands or protection for immorality (sin) with both young and elderly in the DNA double helix need to be separated. The separation women. Nowadays with emergent of covid- 19 people are happens by raising the temperature of the mixture, causing the advise to use noise and mouth condom for safety. While other hydrogen bonds between the complementary drink or use alcohol as sanitizer for safety. Men want to go to DNA strands to break. This process is called denaturation. heaven but not one wants to die! Gone are the days when HIV pandemic disease outbreak was around the corner, one could Step 2: Annealing: Primers bind to the target DNA sequences imagine the bold step of faith people who do take to queuing and initiate polymerization. This can only occur once the in the hospital for antiviral drug/ vaccine. Today people shy temperature of the solution has been lowered. One primer binds away from taken anti-viral drug from hospital for the fear of to each strand. not wanting people to say he/she has HIV carrier. As a matter Step 3: Extension: New strands of DNA are made using the of truth condom use for HIV protection is no longer useful original strands as templates. A DNA polymerase enzyme joins because everybody is a carrier of the syndrome, people free DNA nucleotides together. This enzyme is often Taq preferred flesh to flesh sextual intercourse like two wounded polymerase, an enzyme originally isolated from a thermophilic lions (HIV virus + HIV virus) the equation is balance and no bacterium called Thermus aquaticus. The order in which the cheat what so ever. People have cultivated the habit of doing free nucleotides are added is determined by the sequence of the HIV test in private clinic or home secretly and for the nucleotides in the original (template) DNA strand. The result of drugs. Let us not deceive ourselves for God would always fetch one cycle of PCR is two double-stranded sequences of target each and every one that indulge him/her selves in secret sin. DNA, each containing one newly made strand and one original So many people have their secret idol (devices like those of strand. The cycle is repeated many times (usually 20–30) as HIV status, High blood, diabetes and Covid-19, test most processes using PCR need large quantities of DNA. It machine, if at least is found sold in the market. The micro only takes 2–3 hours to get a billion or so copies. As shown in machine test is secretly used to checkmate the above figure 25a and 24 highlighted mention subject matter. Breaking update in fig 4free reverse transcriptase reveal to us how nature can clean our system by living a Holy life, and people are advised to go for exercises/natural vitamins(fruits) at their schedule frame time design by he/she. Believe me or not we shall get there at 80years and above. In addition, one would always look younger than his/her age in due cause. You are warned to stop toiling with sin (fornication/ idolatry). Figure 2 reverse transcriptase with virus reveals to us how our genetic material i.e. the building block of life that are usually altered by virus if one toil with sin to dunghill. Thus, nature cannot perform miracle beyond reasonable doubt. Contrary wise one would always be under the control of antiviral vaccine and drugs till death (premature/untimely death). A word is enough for the wise.

Pcr is use for detecting viral disease like those of hiv, covid-19, sars, Ebola in human blood

How does pcr work?

PCR mimics what happens in cells when DNA is copied (replicated) prior to cell division, but it is carried out in controlled conditions in a laboratory. The machine that is used is simply called a PCR machine or a thermocycler. Test tubes Fig 25 a posted two processes for detecting Covid-19, HIV, Ebola ie PCR containing the DNA mixture of interest are put into the antigen and Antibody tests to detect immune response to earlier infection

39324 | P a g e Silas David Emmanuel et al., Does Hiv/Aid/ Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (Sars), Ebola, Lassa Fever, Corona Virus (Covid-19) Pandemic Etc Respectively Curable Or Suppress Able?

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How to cite this article:

Silas David Emmanuel et al., Does Hiv/Aid/ Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (Sars), Ebola, Lassa Fever, Corona Virus (Covid-19) Pandemic Etc Respectively Curable Or Suppress Able? . Int J Recent Sci Res. 11(07), pp. 39305-39329. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24327/ijrsr.2020.1107.5477

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