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DEFINATION

The capacity and willingness to develop, organize and manage a business venture along with any of its risks in order to make a profit. The most obvious example of entrepreneurship is the starting of new businesses.

In economics, entrepreneurship combined with land, labor, natural resources and capital can produce profit. Entrepreneurial spirit is characterized by innovation and risk-taking, and is an essential part of a nation's ability to succeed in an ever changing and increasingly competitive global marketplace. Differences Between Women and Men Entrepreneurs

When men and women start companies, do they approach the process the same way? Are there key differences? And how do those differences affect the success of the business venture?

As a woman in the start-up community, I am frequently asked about women entrepreneurs. A popular question is: How are they different from men?

There have been many studies of entrepreneurs and start-ups, and I’ve read a number of them. Many of them seem to me to fall short, because the researchers, not being entrepreneurs themselves, lack an in-depth understanding of the entrepreneurial mind. The result is often a lot of statistics that fail to enlighten readers about entrepreneurial behavior and motivation. So what follows are my personal opinions. They are not based on formal research, but on my own observations and interactions with other women entrepreneurs.

1. Women tend to be natural multitaskers, which can be a great advantage in start-ups. While founders typically have one core skill, they also need to be involved in many different aspects of their business. However, this can also be a negative. Multitaskers may try to do too much themselves. A woman will look at a task that needs to get done, and even if it’s something she doesn’t like or want to do, she’ll hunker down and do it. I refer to this as ―the do-it-yourself trap.‖ Men ’t seem to fall into this trap so easily. Men go out and find someone to do the task for them, which grows an organization more quickly. As a result, men tend to be big picture thinkers, which is better for setting the tone and direction of the start-up.

2. Women tend to be more sociable than men. In an environment where who you know and who knows you is more important than what you know, it is a

1 strength to be outgoing and well-connected. Even men who are sociable tend to focus more on getting to know the right people, those who can help them get ahead, than women do.

When women leave college and start their careers, they build a network of other women professionals. By the time they are in their mid-thirties, many of these women will have left the work force to start a family or, if they do continue to work, to shift their priorities from their career to their family. As a result, many women find their network disappearing at the same time they catch the entrepreneurship bug.

3. Women founders are much more willing to discipline an under-performing employee, and much more likely to fire a non-performing employee, than men are. This is Mom versus Dad. Dad wants to win over the kids by giving them with whatever they want, or letting them do whatever they want. Mom considers their safety and health. Mom demands acceptable behavior. Mom puts her foot down. Women have a reputation for being the more nurturing of the species. If that’s true in general, women entrepreneurs seem to be the exception.

4. Women tend to stick with a product concept or start-up longer, trying to work through it to find the answers. Men tend to abandon something as soon as they think there’s a better opportunity available to them. Men will shut down a start-up, abandon one start-up for a more promising one, or change direction faster. While this trait of women has its upside, the downside is that women can sometime ―beat a dead dog,‖ trying to make a non-viable idea work.

5. Like it or not, women have more difficulty getting a company funded than men. Since women don’t get financial backing, they start companies that don’t require a big initial investment. As a result, women tend to build service companies or start-ups that can generate revenue quickly. Men are more likely to start a company with a long product-development cycle, which requires outside capital to develop the first version of the product before sales can cover operating expenses.

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6. Most men founders who found a tech company have technical backgrounds. They were trained as engineers, programmers, or scientists. Most women founders have backgrounds in sales, marketing, or product management.

If one looks at the number of small businesses founded by women, the portion is directly proportional to the number of females in the general population. But this is not true of technology companies. The number of tech businesses founded by women is much smaller than the number of women working in the industry. The Women’s Liberation Movement allowed women to study and enter fields previously closed to them, but that’s about all it did. It allowed them to enter—to have a job, but not a career, in these fields. Investors and customers want to see start-ups led by founders who have held senior positions in corporations. They want to see people with a track record of success, of steadily increased responsibility, and ever greater contributions to projects. While some women have attained a C-suite position, many are in support roles. Almost no women hold such positions as CTO, Vice-President of Engineering, or Vice- President of R&D. Women are more likely to be Vice-President of Marketing or Vice-President of Sales. Many women simply don’t get the experience and exposure in corporations to go out and start a company on their own.

7. Every year, I attend the local Teen Entrepreneurship Conference. I noticed that young women almost always start ventures with a social purpose. They want to help humanity or save the environment. The young men only care about making money. Men almost never start a social venture. They want to start ventures that maximize revenue and profits. Investors often point out that women don’t propose start-ups that are big enough to interest them and that women think too small. Men will propose businesses that shoot for the moon.

8. Women are more capital-efficient. A woman is more likely to start a company from her , and only after it has taken off will she move into an office. A man will start by renting office space.

9. I know a woman who is a speech coach. When giving presentations about their start-ups, everyone needs to be convincing. The listener keys on the non- verbal signals sent by the speaker. When she first observes their presentations

3 meant to convince an audience, women non-verbally beg, whereas men demand.

10. Start-ups with co-founders are more successful. Women are much more likely to be the sole founder, whereas men are more likely to be co-founders. Women do co-found start-ups with men. Sometimes the co-founder was their husbands.

If the co-founder wasn’t their husband, I noticed that the woman had participated in a traditional male sport. When I ask women entrepreneurs if they played sports when they were growing up, many say they played a team sport such as ice hockey or soccer. I know a few who are into car racing or triathlons. These women tend to have a passion for traditional male sports, which helps them connect on a personal level to men they work with.

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Ekta is an Indian TV and film producer. She is the Joint Managing Director and Creative Director of , her production company.

Ekta Kapoor is an Indian and film producer. She was born on 7th June 1975 to the superstar of , and . Her brother Tushaar Kapoor is also a film actor. She studied at the Bombay Scottish School in Mahim and went to Mithbai College where she completed her degree of Bachelors of Commerce. Kapoor gave the television a huge turn with her TV serials. Her serials were aired on many Indian channels such as Star Plus, Zee TV and Sony Entertainment Television Ekta, who is known as the ‘ of Soap Operas’ in India is the Joint Managing Director and Creative Director of her production company, Balaji Telefims.

She has produced numerous , television series and movies. Her most popular path breaking soaps being Hum , Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi, Ghar Ghar Kii, Kasautii Zindagii Kay, Kaahin Kissii Roz, Kabhii Sautan Kabhii Sahelii, Kahiin to Hoga, Kis Desh Mein Hai Meraa Dil, , , Kutumb, Bandini, Kitani Mohabbat Hai, Tere Liye, Pyaar Kii Ye Ek Kahaani, Parichay—Nayee Zindagi Kay Sapno Ka, Gumrah – End Of Innocence,Kya Hua Tera Vaada and many others. She is currently producing , , Jodha and .

She ventured into movie production in 2001 beginning with Kyo Kii... Main Jhuth Nahin Bolta . and Cottage based on supernatural themes followed in 2003 and 2004. starring her brother proved to be her breakout hit and went on to become one of the highest earners of 2005. She then went on to co-produce with which became her profitable venture at the box office. Mission Istanbul and EMI – Liya Hai Toh Chukana Parega in collaboration with Sunil Shetty followed. The years 2010 and 2011 proved to be important for her with critical and commercial successes such as , Once Upon a Time in Mumbaai, , Ragini MMS, Kyaa Super Kool Hai Hum and . Her recent/upcoming productions include , , , Once Upon a Time In Mumbaai Dobara, Kuku Mathur Ki Jhand Ho Gayi, Ragini MMS 2, , Milan Talkies, , The Villian and Badtameez Dil

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Ekta Kapoor has been in the industry since she was 19 and till now she had done a great deal of work. She is one of the most well-known names in India. She also works on script writing, creative conversion and concept building. She was chosen as ‘Asia’s Most Powerful Communicators’ by Asia Week magazine. She helped launch the careers of so many actors and actresses some of whom have now entered the film industry. Kapoor has received numerous awards for her successes as Producer for Balaji Telefilms. Few of these include the Indian Television Academy Awards, , Kalakar Awards, Asian Television Awards, Apsara Awards, Zee Rishtay Awards, Star Parivaar Awards, 3rd Boroplus Awards, New Talent Awards, BIG Star Entertainment Awards, 4th Boroplus Awards, GR8! Women Awards, Asia’s Social Empowerment Award, Lions Gold Award, Stardust Awards, , Pune International Film Festival, Zee Gaurav Puraskar, National Media Network Film and TV Awards, the Global Indian Film and TV Honors, Dadasaheb Phalke Academy Awards and ETC Bollywood Business Awards. Ekta Kapoor is single however she was linked to Taimur Bajwa, a Punjabi Lawyer. She on the other hand denies any such relationship.

The K-phase:

The early naughtiest of the new century saw the rise of shows that have left deep and lasting impacts on the Indian psyche.

Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi and , both launched in 2000, have arguably been the most popular. Viewers were introduced to the soap opera in its most dramatic, intense form, with picture quality previously unknown in the grainy realm of Doordarshan and other networks of the 90s.

Balaji Telefilms’ success skyrocketed – within just months, it seemed – with other ―K-serials‖: Kalash (2001), Kaahin Kissii Roz (2001), Kkusum (2001), Kabhii Sautan Kabhii Sahelii (2002), and a host of others.

By 2005, Balaji Telefilms had something of a monopoly over Indian with shows across all major networks and channels – and had diversified to the Tamil, Kannada, Malayalam, and Telugu sectors as well.

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She had become, by this time, Joint Managing Director, Director and Member of the Shareholders Committee of Balaji Telefilms as well. All was not well though: the monopoly led to viewers at large being over-saturated, in a sense.

By 2008, the popularity of a number of her soaps began to decline. TRPs decreased to a massive extent for her landmark show, Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi, which by this time was felt by the public at large overstretched and hard to digest, with such plot devices as multiple deaths, kidnappings, and even reincarnations.

While the lead character had, by the time, been played by a different actress than the one the show began with, the lights were dimmed; the show was taken off the air. A slew of cancellations followed that year: Kahaani Ghar Ghar Kii, her other pet project; and Kasautii Zindagii Kay, another popular show, which began in 2001.

Things had begun to seem grim well before 2008 though, but ever the entrepreneur, Ekta started to branch out Balaji Telefilms’ influence in other spheres.

Ekta’s Big Screen Releases:

Although Ekta and Balaji Telefilms had already produced four films from 2001 to 2004, they were largely box office (and critical) bombs. Around Ekta’s shaky 2005 period in television came the surprise box office hit she produced, Kya Kool Hai Hum, which starred her brother, Tusshar Kapoor.

The film, a comedy, was among the highest-grossing films of the year. 2007 saw another popular and highly-grossing film, Shootout at Lokhandwala, inspired by Martin Scorsese’s Goodfellas, with and in lead roles.

While 2008 brought another box office bomb in EMI, Ekta took a bold chance two years later in 2010, to produce ’s highly-acclaimed Love Sex aur Dhoka.

The film grossed about 7 crore and garnered a lot of critical praise. 2010 also saw her other production, Once Upon a Time in Mumbaai, grossing over 58 crore (albeit with mixed critical reception). Newer productions included Ragini MMS, a horror/ slotted for 2011.

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Ekta Kapoor, The Woman:

Ekta is estimated to have a net worth of about 1.32 crore rupees, with an annual salary of Rs. 66,30,000. She has numerous awards under her belt from the television and film industry, along with being named one of Asia’s Most Powerful Communicators by Asia week magazine.

Notorious for her silence about her personal life, we see only the professional, business side of her—an impressive, inspirational figure with just the amount of flexibility required to adapt to the changing needs of her audience of nearly 20 years.

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