Effects of Developmental Mode and Phylogeny
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
AOU Classification Committee – North and Middle America
AOU Classification Committee – North and Middle America Proposal Set 2016-C No. Page Title 01 02 Change the English name of Alauda arvensis to Eurasian Skylark 02 06 Recognize Lilian’s Meadowlark Sturnella lilianae as a separate species from S. magna 03 20 Change the English name of Euplectes franciscanus to Northern Red Bishop 04 25 Transfer Sandhill Crane Grus canadensis to Antigone 05 29 Add Rufous-necked Wood-Rail Aramides axillaris to the U.S. list 06 31 Revise our higher-level linear sequence as follows: (a) Move Strigiformes to precede Trogoniformes; (b) Move Accipitriformes to precede Strigiformes; (c) Move Gaviiformes to precede Procellariiformes; (d) Move Eurypygiformes and Phaethontiformes to precede Gaviiformes; (e) Reverse the linear sequence of Podicipediformes and Phoenicopteriformes; (f) Move Pterocliformes and Columbiformes to follow Podicipediformes; (g) Move Cuculiformes, Caprimulgiformes, and Apodiformes to follow Columbiformes; and (h) Move Charadriiformes and Gruiformes to precede Eurypygiformes 07 45 Transfer Neocrex to Mustelirallus 08 48 (a) Split Ardenna from Puffinus, and (b) Revise the linear sequence of species of Ardenna 09 51 Separate Cathartiformes from Accipitriformes 10 58 Recognize Colibri cyanotus as a separate species from C. thalassinus 11 61 Change the English name “Brush-Finch” to “Brushfinch” 12 62 Change the English name of Ramphastos ambiguus 13 63 Split Plain Wren Cantorchilus modestus into three species 14 71 Recognize the genus Cercomacroides (Thamnophilidae) 15 74 Split Oceanodroma cheimomnestes and O. socorroensis from Leach’s Storm- Petrel O. leucorhoa 2016-C-1 N&MA Classification Committee p. 453 Change the English name of Alauda arvensis to Eurasian Skylark There are a dizzying number of larks (Alaudidae) worldwide and a first-time visitor to Africa or Mongolia might confront 10 or more species across several genera. -
An Update of Wallacels Zoogeographic Regions of the World
REPORTS To examine the temporal profile of ChC produc- specification of a distinct, and probably the last, 3. G. A. Ascoli et al., Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 9, 557 (2008). tion and their correlation to laminar deployment, cohort in this lineage—the ChCs. 4. J. Szentágothai, M. A. Arbib, Neurosci. Res. Program Bull. 12, 305 (1974). we injected a single pulse of BrdU into pregnant A recent study demonstrated that progeni- CreER 5. P. Somogyi, Brain Res. 136, 345 (1977). Nkx2.1 ;Ai9 females at successive days be- tors below the ventral wall of the lateral ventricle 6. L. Sussel, O. Marin, S. Kimura, J. L. Rubenstein, tween E15 and P1 to label mitotic progenitors, (i.e., VGZ) of human infants give rise to a medial Development 126, 3359 (1999). each paired with a pulse of tamoxifen at E17 to migratory stream destined to the ventral mPFC 7. S. J. Butt et al., Neuron 59, 722 (2008). + 18 8. H. Taniguchi et al., Neuron 71, 995 (2011). label NKX2.1 cells (Fig. 3A). We first quanti- ( ). Despite species differences in the develop- 9. L. Madisen et al., Nat. Neurosci. 13, 133 (2010). fied the fraction of L2 ChCs (identified by mor- mental timing of corticogenesis, this study and 10. J. Szabadics et al., Science 311, 233 (2006). + phology) in mPFC that were also BrdU+. Although our findings raise the possibility that the NKX2.1 11. A. Woodruff, Q. Xu, S. A. Anderson, R. Yuste, Front. there was ChC production by E15, consistent progenitors in VGZ and their extended neurogenesis Neural Circuits 3, 15 (2009). -
Highly Conservative Pattern of Sex Chromosome Synapsis and Recombination in Neognathae Birds
G C A T T A C G G C A T genes Article Highly Conservative Pattern of Sex Chromosome Synapsis and Recombination in Neognathae Birds Anna Torgasheva 1,2 , Lyubov Malinovskaya 1,2, Kira S. Zadesenets 1, Anastasia Slobodchikova 1,2, Elena Shnaider 3, Nikolai Rubtsov 1,2 and Pavel Borodin 1,2,* 1 Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; [email protected] (A.T.); [email protected] (L.M.); [email protected] (K.S.Z.); [email protected] (A.S.); [email protected] (N.R.) 2 Department of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia 3 Bird of Prey Rehabilitation Centre, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: We analyzed the synapsis and recombination between Z and W chromosomes in the oocytes of nine neognath species: domestic chicken Gallus gallus domesticus, grey goose Anser anser, black tern Chlidonias niger, common tern Sterna hirundo, pale martin Riparia diluta, barn swallow Hirundo rustica, European pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca, great tit Parus major and white wagtail Motacilla alba using immunolocalization of SYCP3, the main protein of the lateral elements of the synaptonemal complex, and MLH1, the mismatch repair protein marking mature recombination nodules. In all species examined, homologous synapsis occurs in a short region of variable size at the ends of Z and W chromosomes, where a single recombination nodule is located. The remaining Citation: Torgasheva, A.; parts of the sex chromosomes undergo synaptic adjustment and synapse non-homologously. In 25% Malinovskaya, L.; Zadesenets, K.S.; of ZW bivalents of white wagtail, synapsis and recombination also occur at the secondary pairing Slobodchikova, A.; Shnaider, E.; Rubtsov, N.; Borodin, P. -
Asynchronous Evolution of Interdependent Nest Characters Across the Avian Phylogeny
ARTICLE DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04265-x OPEN Asynchronous evolution of interdependent nest characters across the avian phylogeny Yi-Ting Fang1, Mao-Ning Tuanmu 2 & Chih-Ming Hung 2 Nest building is a widespread behavior among birds that reflects their adaptation to the environment and evolutionary history. However, it remains unclear how nests evolve and how their evolution relates to the bird phylogeny. Here, by examining the evolution of three nest — — 1234567890():,; characters structure, site, and attachment across all bird families, we reveal that nest characters did not change synchronically across the avian phylogeny but had disparate evolutionary trajectories. Nest structure shows stronger phylogenetic signal than nest site, while nest attachment has little variation. Nevertheless, the three characters evolved inter- dependently. For example, the ability of birds to explore new nest sites might depend on the emergence of novel nest structure and/or attachment. Our results also reveal labile nest characters in passerines compared with other birds. This study provides important insights into avian nest evolution and suggests potential associations between nest diversification and the adaptive radiations that generated modern bird lineages. 1 Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan. 2 Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan. Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to M.-N.T. (email: [email protected]) or to C.-M.H. (email: [email protected]) NATURE COMMUNICATIONS | (2018) 9:1863 | DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04265-x | www.nature.com/naturecommunications 1 ARTICLE NATURE COMMUNICATIONS | DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04265-x lmost all birds build nests, ranging from a simple scratch attachment. -
Sixteen Vetted Fossil Calibrations for Divergence Dating of Charadriiformes (Aves, Neognathae)
Palaeontologia Electronica palaeo-electronica.org Sixteen vetted fossil calibrations for divergence dating of Charadriiformes (Aves, Neognathae) N. Adam Smith ABSTRACT The Charadriiformes (shorebirds and allies) are an ecologically and morphologi- cally diverse clade with a global geographic distribution. The perceived antiquity of this lineage and the cryptic plumage and morphology of some charadriiforms have made them a frequent focus of study by ornithologists. Likewise, with the relatively recent advent of molecular sequence based divergence estimation methods, no less than seven studies have estimated the timing of cladogenetic events in Charadriiformes. Unfortunately, all of those studies have suffered from poor choice and characterization (i.e., age and taxonomic assignment) of fossil calibrations used for divergence time analysis. Given that studies of both real and simulated data have demonstrated the potential for calibration choice to bias node age estimates, the results of previously published analyses of divergence times for Charadriiformes must, accordingly, be viewed with caution. To alleviate introduction of fossil calibration bias with respect to future analyses of divergence times including Charadriiformes, 16 rigorously evaluated charadriiform fossil calibrations are reported herein. N. Adam Smith. The National Evolutionary Synthesis Center, 2024 W. Main St., Suite A200, Durham, NC, 27705, U.S.A., [email protected] KEYWORDS: Charadrii; minimum age constraints; Pan-Alcidae; Lari; Scolopaci; seabirds and shorebirds INTRODUCTION forms were previously considered a basal neorni- thine lineage and were influential in the Charadriiformes (shorebirds and allies) are a development of the largely refuted ‘transitional globally distributed clade including more than 360 shorebird’ hypothesis (Olson, 1985; Feduccia, morphologically and ecologically diverse species 1996), dating cladogenetic events in Charadrii- (del Hoyo et al., 1996). -
Columbiformes ~ Pterocliformes ~ Mesitornithiformes
Birds of the World part 2 Galloanseres, Neoaves: Columbea NEOGNATHAE (the rest of the birds!): Galloanseres • ORDER ANSERIFORMES – waterfowl • Family Anhimidae – screamers (3 species) • Family Anseranatidae – magpie goose (1 species) • Family Anatidae – ducks, geese, and swans (173 species) • ORDER GALLIFORMES – landfowl • Family Megapodiidae – megapodes (21 species) • Family Cracidae – chachalacas, curassows, and guans (55 species) • Family Numididae – guineafowl (6 species) • Family Odontophoridae – New World quail (34 species) • Family Phasianidae – pheasants and allies (183 species) NEOGNATHAE : Neoaves (the rest of the birds!): COLUMBEA • ORDER PODICIPEDIFORMES – Family Podicipedidae – grebes (23 species) • ORDER PHOENICOPTERIFORMES – Family Phoenicopteridae – flamingos (6 species) • ORDER COLUMBIFORMES – Family Columbidae – pigeons and doves (334 species) • ORDER PTEROCLIDIFORMES – Family Pteroclididae – sandgrouse (16 species) • ORDER MESITORNITHIFORMES – Family Mesitornithidae – mesites (3 species) NEOGNATHAE : Galloanseres • ORDER ANSERIFORMES – waterfowl • Family Anhimidae – screamers (3 species) • Family Anseranatidae – magpie goose (1 species) • Family Anatidae – ducks, geese, and swans (173 species) • ORDER GALLIFORMES – landfowl • Family Megapodiidae – megapodes (21 species) • Family Cracidae – chachalacas, curassows, and guans (55 species) • Family Numididae – guineafowl (6 species) • Family Odontophoridae – New World quail (34 species) • Family Phasianidae – pheasants and allies (183 species) southern or crested screamer -
Whole-Genome Analyses Resolve Early Branches in the Tree of Life of Modern Birds Erich D
AFLOCKOFGENOMES 90. J. F. Storz, J. C. Opazo, F. G. Hoffmann, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. RESEARCH ARTICLE 66, 469–478 (2013). 91. F. G. Hoffmann, J. F. Storz, T. A. Gorr, J. C. Opazo, Mol. Biol. Evol. 27, 1126–1138 (2010). Whole-genome analyses resolve ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Genome assemblies and annotations of avian genomes in this study are available on the avian phylogenomics website early branches in the tree of life (http://phybirds.genomics.org.cn), GigaDB (http://dx.doi.org/ 10.5524/101000), National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), and ENSEMBL (NCBI and Ensembl accession numbers of modern birds are provided in table S2). The majority of this study was supported by an internal funding from BGI. In addition, G.Z. was 1 2 3 4,5,6 7 supported by a Marie Curie International Incoming Fellowship Erich D. Jarvis, *† Siavash Mirarab, * Andre J. Aberer, Bo Li, Peter Houde, grant (300837); M.T.P.G. was supported by a Danish National Cai Li,4,6 Simon Y. W. Ho,8 Brant C. Faircloth,9,10 Benoit Nabholz,11 Research Foundation grant (DNRF94) and a Lundbeck Foundation Jason T. Howard,1 Alexander Suh,12 Claudia C. Weber,12 Rute R. da Fonseca,6 grant (R52-A5062); C.L. and Q.L. were partially supported by a 4 4 4 4 7,13 14 Danish Council for Independent Research Grant (10-081390); Jianwen Li, Fang Zhang, Hui Li, Long Zhou, Nitish Narula, Liang Liu, and E.D.J. was supported by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute Ganesh Ganapathy,1 Bastien Boussau,15 Md. -
Global Diversity of Birds 2015
Ornithology NREM/ZOOL 4464 Dr. Tim O’Connell Spring 2015 A Classification of Birds of the World – Laboratory Investigations As students of Ornithology, a primary objective for you is to develop a working knowledge of the diversity of birds of the world. As you internalize this information, you will develop a deep appreciation for the central role that evolution plays as the driver of biological diversity. We begin this week in Lab to really explore the diversity of birds through in-depth examination of orders and families. Avian classification is fluid: the ordering and alliance of families and orders differs according to different authorities and new information is continually becoming available that enhances our ability to discern relationships; this results in updated classifications. You are embarking on this voyage during a time of significant taxonomic revision, and much of what you will learn in Lab supersedes classification systems in your field guides. Different authorities (usually committees) often disagree in their assessment of a taxon. Where one authority might recognize a full species, another might recognize it as a subspecies of some other species. Higher-level assignments are tricky too, e.g., some place the South American rheas in their own order (Rheiformes) whereas others lump it in with other ostrich-like birds in Struthioniformes. The American Ornithologists’ Union manages two committees (North American and South American Classification Committees) that review information and render decisions on which taxonomic proposals will be recognized. Each July, the AOU publishes updates to its official checklist. That checklist is commonly accessed via a massive book containing information on distribution, evolutionary affinities, etc. -
Avian Genomics : Fledging Into the Wild!
Erschienen in: Journal of Ornithology ; 156 (2015), 4. - S. 851-865 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10336-015-1253-y Avian genomics: fledging into the wild! Robert H. S. Kraus1,2 • Michael Wink3 Abstract Next generation sequencing (NGS) technolo- Zusammenfassung gies provide great resources to study bird evolution and avian functional genomics. They also allow for the iden- Die Ornithologie ist im Zeitalter der Genomik ange- tification of suitable high-resolution markers for detailed kommen analyses of the phylogeography of a species or the con- nectivity of migrating birds between breeding and winter- Neue Sequenziertechnologien (Next Generation Sequen- ing populations. This review discusses the application of cing; NGS) ero¨ffnen die Mo¨glichkeit, Evolution und DNA markers for the study of systematics and phylogeny, funktionelle Genomik bei Vo¨geln umfassend zu untersu- but also population genetics and phylogeography. chen. Weiterhin erlaubt die NGS-Technologie, geeignete, Emphasis in this review is on the new methodology of hochauflo¨sende Markersysteme fu¨r Mikrosatelliten und NGS and its use to study avian genomics. The recent Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) zu identifizieren, publication of the first phylogenomic tree of birds based on um detaillierte Analysen zur Phylogeographie einer Art genome data of 48 bird taxa from 34 orders is presented in oder zur Konnektivita¨t von Zugvo¨geln zwischen Brut- und more detail. Winterpopulationen durchzufu¨hren. Dieses Review widmet sich der Anwendung von DNA Markern fu¨r die Erfor- Keywords Next generation sequencing Á Genetics Á schung von Systematik und Phylogenie sowie Populati- Ornithology Á Whole genome Á Phylogenomics Á Single onsgenetik und Phylogeographie. -
The Origin and Diversification of Birds
Current Biology Review The Origin and Diversification of Birds Stephen L. Brusatte1,*, Jingmai K. O’Connor2,*, and Erich D. Jarvis3,4,* 1School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Grant Institute, King’s Buildings, James Hutton Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FE, UK 2Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 3Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA 4Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA *Correspondence: [email protected] (S.L.B.), [email protected] (J.K.O.), [email protected] (E.D.J.) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2015.08.003 Birds are one of the most recognizable and diverse groups of modern vertebrates. Over the past two de- cades, a wealth of new fossil discoveries and phylogenetic and macroevolutionary studies has transformed our understanding of how birds originated and became so successful. Birds evolved from theropod dino- saurs during the Jurassic (around 165–150 million years ago) and their classic small, lightweight, feathered, and winged body plan was pieced together gradually over tens of millions of years of evolution rather than in one burst of innovation. Early birds diversified throughout the Jurassic and Cretaceous, becoming capable fliers with supercharged growth rates, but were decimated at the end-Cretaceous extinction alongside their close dinosaurian relatives. After the mass extinction, modern birds (members of the avian crown group) explosively diversified, culminating in more than 10,000 species distributed worldwide today. Introduction dinosaurs Dromaeosaurus albertensis or Troodon formosus.This Birds are one of the most conspicuous groups of animals in the clade includes all living birds and extinct taxa, such as Archaeop- modern world. -
Temperature Drives the Evolution and Global Distribution of Avian Eggshell Colour 2
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/559435; this version posted February 24, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 1 Temperature drives the evolution and global distribution of avian eggshell colour 2 3 Phillip A. Wisocki1, Patrick Kennelly1, Indira Rojas Rivera1, Phillip Cassey2, Daniel Hanley1* 4 5 1Long Island University – Post, 720 Northern Boulevard, Brookville, NY 11548, USA 6 2School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia 7 8 *email: [email protected] 9 The survival of a bird’s egg depends upon their ability to maintain within strict thermal 10 limits. Avian eggshell colours have long been considered a phenotype that can help them stay 11 within these thermal limits, with dark eggs absorbing heat more rapidly than bright eggs. 12 Although long disputed, evidence suggests that darker eggs do increase in temperature more 13 rapidly than lighter eggs, explaining why dark eggs are often considered as a cost to trade- 14 off against crypsis. Although studies have considered whether eggshell colours can confer an 15 adaptive benefit, no study has demonstrated evidence that eggshell colours have actually 16 adapted for this function. This would require data spanning a wide phylogenetic diversity of 17 birds and a global spatial scale. Here we show evidence that darker and browner eggs have 18 indeed evolved in cold climes, and that the thermoregulatory advantage for avian eggs is a 19 stronger selective pressure in cold climates. -
The Bony Palate of Birds. Part I the Palaeognathae
520 McDowaLL,Bony Palate of Birds [AukLOct. MIRANDA RIBEIRO, PAULO DE 1929. Da nidifica•o de Chaetura½inereiventris. Bol. Mus. Nac. [Rio], 4: 101-105. RIDGWAY, R. 1911. The birds of North and Middle America. Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 50 (5): 684. Stcx, H. 1947a. O ninho de Panyptila cayennehals(Gmelin) e algumas observag6escom- pilat6rias s6bre a ecologiade outros andorinh6esBrasileiros. Rev. Bras. Biologla, 7: 219-246. 1947b. The nesting of Reinarda squamata(Cassin). The Auk, 65 (2): 169-174, pl. 6. WI•)-N•vw•), Paz•z Mix. zv 1821. Reise nach Brasilien, 2: ?$. 1850. Beitraege zur Kenntnls der Vogelwelt Brasiliens,5: 347-$51. Fu•da•5o Brasil Ceutral Av. Nilo Pelauha 25 Rio de Jauei•o, Brazil THE BONY PALATE OF BIRDS. PART I THE PALAEOGNATHAE BY SAM MCDOWELL Tins is the first in a seriesof papers in which the author intends to describe the osteologyof the known birds with the end in mind of throwing morelight on their highersystematics. I have chosenas my first topic the bony palate becauseof the stresslaid upon this part of the avian skeletonfrom Cornay to the present in the classification of birds. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author is deeply indebted to Dr. Ernst Mayr of the American Museum of Natural History for his generousencouragement and wise advice;to Dr. GeorgeGaylord Simpson,Curator of FossilMammals and Birds of the same institution, for his invaluable suggestionsand commentaries on the preliminary draft of this paper; to Mr. R. deSchauenseeand Mr. James Bond of the Academy of Natural Sciencesof Philadelphiafor generouslyallowing the author the use of the Academy's skeletal material; to Messrs.