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Analysis of Measurements of Latvian Warmblood and Latvian Heavy Warmblood Sires

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Analysis of Measurements of Latvian Warmblood and Latvian Heavy Warmblood Sires AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES (CROP SCIENCES, ANIMAL SCIENCES) DOI: 10.22616/rrd.24.2018.061 ANALYSIS OF MEASUREMENTS OF LATVIAN WARMBLOOD AND LATVIAN HEAVY WARMBLOOD SIRES Anna Veidemane, Daina Jonkus Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Latvia [email protected] Abstract The objective of the study was to analyze measurements of the sires used in Latvian Warmblood (LWB) and Latvian Heavy Warmblood (LHWB) breeding programs in the period 2003 – 2017, two major horse populations in Latvia included in one studbook. The Latvian Warmblood has an open studbook for breeding sport horses, whereas the Latvian Heavy Warmblood is a partly closed studbook. Measuring information for all sires with at least one foal born (n=834) in the respective time period was retrieved from the Latvian horse database, with 673 stallions measured at least once. The data consisted of direct measurements – height at withers, chest circumference and cannon bone circumference – and two calculated indices – massivity index and boniness index. Average values of adult stallions were analyzed in four groups – LWB, LHWB, ‘other warmbloods’ and refining breeds, with LWB and ‘other warmbloods’ showing similar average values. Sires were divided by use in breeding into 3-year periods to observe a possible change in the breeding objective and stallion choice, however, no significant differences were found in LWB or LHWB. Average measurements of stallions used in the LWB breeding program (different breeds) were 168.6 ± 4.3 cm for height at withers, 194.4 ± 6.6 cm for chest circumference, 21.8 ± 1.0 cm for cannon bone circumference, massivity index 115.5 ± 3.1, boniness index 13.0 ± 0.5. Average measurements of stallions used in the LHWB breeding program (only LHWB stallions) were 167.6 ± 4.6 cm, 201.4 ± 7.3 cm, 23.7 ± 1.0 cm, respectively, and massivity index 120.0 ± 5.0, boniness index 14.1 ± 0.6. Significant differences between LWB and LHWB stallions were observed in all parameters, except height at withers, and between measurements at the age of 2, 3, 4 years and adult (5 and more years). Key words: horse, body measurements, body indices, breed development. Introduction in LWB because of availability of information and The Latvian Warmblood is a horse breed reared in the artificial insemination, thus making it more similar territory of Latvia. The Studbook includes two sections to other sport horse breeds/ studbooks. The same – the Latvian Warmblood (LWB, also called sport type) processes occur elsewhere, as described in the and the Latvian Heavy Warmblood (LHWB, also called Swedish Warmblood, where 80% of mares are covered carriage type). The LWB is a warmblood horse suitable by foreign stallions or their semen (Thorén Hellsten for classic equestrian sports and is an open studbook. et al., 2008), and other European countries (Koenen, The Latvian Heavy Warmblood belongs to heavy Aldridge, & Philipsson, 2004). warmblood breeds and is a partly closed studbook In a study concerning changes of measurements – influx of only a few other breeds is allowed and in and indices in LWB and LHWB broodmares born a small percentage. The breeding of both LWB and in the years 1988 – 2013 (Veidemane & Jonkus, LHWB is regulated by state breeding programs. The 2018), it was concluded that measurements of LWB choice of stallion for mating is made by the mare owner broodmares significantly differ between years, with solely and based on his or her preference, knowledge a tendency for younger mares to be of lighter sport and financial resources (Orbidāne & Jonkus, 2016). horse type than older mares. The most significant Stallion approvals are organized by horse breeding parameters were cannon bone circumference and organisations, but it is not forbidden to use non- boniness index. Measurements of LHWB broodmares approved stallions (Latvijas zirgu..., 2016). The use showed no influene of birth year on these parameters. of LHWB stallions for breeding of LWB is permitted Average heights at withers in LWB broodmares were without restrictions, and several LWB stallions have 166.9 ± 4.1 cm and 166.1 ± 4.3 cm in LHWB. been approved for use in LHWB if they conformed to Height at withers is one of the main criteria used by several criteria. Artificial insemination has been barely the potential horse purchasers, with the most desired available until 2016, therefore the influx of stallions value being at least 167 cm at withers for warmbloods stationed abroad is small, and Latvia-based stallions in Germany (Gille & Spiller, 2010). have been used by natural covering. The number The objective of the study was to analyze of offspring per stallion is low and population is measurements of sires used in LWB and LHWB inhomogeneous, which is also a problem in other small breeding programs in 2003 – 2017. studbooks with undeveloped artificial insemination like the Czech Warmblood (Makovská Krčová, 2012) and Materials and Methods the Polish halfbred horse (Lewczuk, 2005). Data about LWB and LHWB registered foals born Internationalization and the pursuit of current in the years 2002–2017 (n=6721) and their respective trends in global sport horse breeding are increasing sires (n=834) were retrieved from the Agricultural Data RESEARCH FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT 2018, VOLUME 2 119 ANALYSIS OF MEASUREMENTS OF LATVIAN WARMBLOOD AND Anna Veidemane, Daina Jonkus LATVIAN HEAVY WARMBLOOD SIRES Centre and the Latvian Horse Breeders Association’s The statistical analysis of average values of database. Only sires of breeds allowed for LWB and LWB and LHWB stallion measurements at the age LHWB with ancestors known in 4 generations have of 2, 3, 4 and adult (age 5 and older) was carried DOI: 10.22616/rrd.24.2018.061 DOI: 10.22616/rrd.24.2018.0been recorded. 61 out and compared. We examined the influence on For each stallion having at least one registered measurements of two indepedents factors – breed Dataoffspring about LWB during and thisLHWB time registered period, foals information born in the aboutyears 2002 (LWB–2017 or(n=6721) LHWB) and and their age respective at measuring – with a two- sires (n=834)measuring were retrieved was retrievedfrom the Agricultural from the Datadatabase Centre of and the the Latvianway analysis Horse Breedersof variance. Association's database. OnlyLatvian sires Horseof breeds Breeders allowed Association.for LWB and LHWBData includedwith ancestors knownThe statistycal in 4 generations analysis have was been performed on ‘R’ and recorded. recorded. three direct measurements – height at withers, chest Microsoft Excel. For the analysis of impact of one For each stallion having at least one registered offspring during this time period, information about measuring circumferencewas retrieved from and the cannon database bone of the circumference. Latvian Horse Breeders From Associatinfluencingion. Data factor included one-way three directANOVA was used, but for measurementsthe direct– height measurements at withers, chest two indicescircumference were calculated,and cannon bonethe circumference.impact of two From influencing the direct factors we used two- measuremeusingnts two formulas indices were (1) andcalculated, (2). using formulas (1) and (2). way ANOVA. (1) Results and Discussion(1) The data analysis showed a difference between = ℎℎ ℎ × 100 (2) measurements in (2)four breed groups (Table 1). LWB ℎ stallions and ‘other warmblood breeds’ (imported) = ℎℎ ℎ × 100 Two hundredTwo hundred twenty twentyfive stallions five werestallions measured were as measuredadults (5 yearsstallions old or olderwere) , similarwhile additional in both 50 direct measurements stallions hadas recordadultss of(5 height years at oldwithers or older),as adult. while299 stallions additional were measured50 and as body two-year indices. olds, 219Both as groupsthree-year are closely related and olds and 103 as four-year olds. One stallion was measured four times, 20 – havethree times,the same 180 –breeding twice, 468 objective – once, – a horse for the but 165 stallionsstallions did nothad have records any measurement of height recordat withers at all. Asas mostadult. stallions are approved as 3-year-olds (until but 165 stallions did not have any measurement record at all. As most stallionsclassic are approvedequestrian as 3 -sportsyear-olds of (until showjumping, dressage 2015 as 2-299year -olds),stallions there were are inssufficient measured measurementsas two-year forolds, older 219 horses. Imported adult stallions constituted 34% of theas adult three-year stallions group.olds and 103 as four-year olds. One and eventing. Higher variability in the LWB group Anstallion analysis was of average measured values four of stallionstimes, 20belonging – three to times,different breedcan be groups explained at adult by age different was carried selection – it includes out. Stallions180 were – twice, arranged 468 –in once, 4 groups: but 165LWB, stallions LHWB, did other not warmbloodhave non-approved breeds and refining stallions breeds. (too Other small or too refined/ warmblood breed group consisted of 23 Holsteiners, 10 Oldenburgers, 8 Hanoverianheavy tos get, 7 Westphalian the breedings, 7 approval), Danish while most other Warmbloodanys, 7 measurementDutch Warmbloods record (KWPN), at all. 2As Swedish most Warmbloods,stallions are 1 Estonian Sport Horse, 1 Selle Francais, Warmbloods, 7 Dutch Warmbloods (KWPN), 2 Swedish Warmbloods, 1 Estonianwarmblood Sport Horse,breed 1stallions Selle Francais, were selected, bought and and 1 Rheinlander.approved The as Refining3-year-olds breeds (until group 2015consisted
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