HEINZ NIXDORF INSTITUTINSTITUTE

Annual Report 2009

HEINZ NIXDORF INSTITUTE University of Paderborn HEINZ NIXDORF INSTITUTE Interdisciplinary Research Center for Computer Science and Technology Fuerstenallee 11, D-33102 Paderborn Phone +49(0)5251|60 62 11 Fax +49(0)5251|60 62 12 http://www.hni.uni-paderborn.de

Members of Board of Directors Professor Group: Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Wilhelm Dangelmaier (President)* Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jürgen Gausemeier * Prof. Dr.-Ing. Reinhard Keil * Prof. Dr. math. Friedhelm Meyer auf der Heide Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Burkhard Monien Prof. Dr. phil. Volker Peckhaus * Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Franz Josef Rammig Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ulrich Rückert Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Wilhelm Schäfer Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Ansgar Trächtler * Members of Executive Board

Academic Staff: Volker Brink Dr. rer. pol. Christoph Laroque

Non-Academic Staff: Wilfried Bröckelmann

Student Group: Andreas Cord-Landwehr

Members of Curatorship Nominated by Stiftung Westfalen: Dr.-Ing. Horst Nasko, Deputy Chairman of Stiftung Westfalen Heinz Paus, Mayor of the City Paderborn Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Hartwig Steusloff, Fraunhofer-Institute for Information and Data Processing

Nominated by the University: Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Thomas Lengauer Ph. D., Max-Planck-Institute for Informatics Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Nikolaus Risch, Rector of the University of Paderborn Prof. Dr. Holm Tetens, Freie Universität Berlin

Jointly nominated: Prof. Dr. Otto K. Ferstl, Otto Friedrich University of Bamberg Prof. Dr. Klaus Waldschmidt, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt/Main Prof. Dr.-Ing. Prof. E.h. Dr.-Ing. E.h. Dr. h.c. mult. Engelbert Westkämper, University of Stuttgart HEINZ NIXDORF INSTITUTE

Annual Report 2009

HEINZ NIXDORF INSTITUTE University of Paderborn Statistics of the Institute

2 Dr.-Phil. 2 Dipl.-Wirtschaftsingenieur/in Elektrotechnik 1 Dipl.-Medienwissenschaftler 2 Juniorprofessor Dr. rer. nat. 16 Dipl.-Ingenieur/in Elektrotechnik 1 Magister Philosophie 11 Sonstige akadem. Grade 1 Master Sc. Electrical Engineering sonstige

14 Dr. rer. nat. 6 Dr.-Ing. 26 Dipl.-Wirtschaftsingenieur/in Maschinenbau 7 Dipl.-Mathematiker/in

11 Master Sc. Informatics

20 Dipl.-Ingenieur/in Maschinenbau Magister Philosophie 7 Master Sc. Mechanical Engineering

Dipl.-Medienwissenschaftler 8 Dipl.-Wirtschaftsinformatiker/in 60 Dipl.-Informatiker/in

Juniorprofessor Dr. rer. nat. Activities of Employees with PhD

74 Management 110 Scientific Research and Lectureship

21 Self-employed Dr.-Phil.

154 Industrial Research and Development

Dr. rer nat.

Dr.-Ing. Number of employees UNITY: approx. 150 employees Dipl.-Mathematiker/in 100 … 90 Master Sc. Informatics 80 70 Dipl.-Informatik/in 60 Dipl.-Wirtschaftsinformatik/in 50 40 30 20 Master Sc. Mechanical Engineering 10 0 Dipl.-Ingenieur/in Maschinenbau MlaP UNITY GmbH GmbH

Smart Dipl.-Wirtschaftsingenieur/in Maschinenbau m³ITS - require Büro für ScMI AG coactum NetSkill AG Dr. Ketterer IPT Software Altanis GmbH Entrice GmbH

FASTEC GmbH Master Sc. Electrical Engineering IML Fraunhofer Softwaretchnik EvoPACE GmbH myview systems consultants GmbH Multimedia & more Mechatronics GmbH Dipl.-Ingenieur/in Elektrotechnik

Dipl.-Wirtschaftsingenieur/in Elektrotechnik Scientific Results and Publications (previous year 2008)

198 Diploma-, Bachelor-, Master Theses Publikationen (196) Habilitationen sonstige

Promotionen

208 Publications (227) Diplom-,Studien-,Bachelor-,Masterarbeiten 19 PhD Theses (23)

Magister Philosophie

Dipl.-Medienwissenschaftler *estimated value Third-party funds in Mill. EURO

8

7 Juniorprofessor Dr. rer. nat.

6

5

4

3 Dr.-Phil. 2

1

0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009* Dr. rer nat.

Number of Employees Dr.-Ing. Number of employees Professors Research Staff Technical and Administrative Staff Trainees Dipl.-Mathematiker/in 180

160 Master Sc. Informatics

140 Dipl.-Informatik/in

120 Dipl.-Wirtschaftsinformatik/in

100

80 Master Sc. Mechanical Engineering 60 Dipl.-Ingenieur/in Maschinenbau 40

20 Dipl.-Wirtschaftsingenieur/in Maschinenbau

0 Master Sc. Electrical Engineering

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Dipl.-Ingenieur/in Elektrotechnik

Dipl.-Wirtschaftsingenieur/in Elektrotechnik 4 Heinz Nixdorf Institute Annual Report 2009

Content Content

General Description

Cover inside Statistics of the Institute

Page 6 Vision of the Institute

Page 8 The Research Program and Priority Projects in Research

Page 16 Competence Center “Virtual Prototyping and Simulation“

Page 18 Internet-based information and communication services

Page 20 Commitment to support young Researcher

Additional Activities

Page 92 Publications

PhD Theses

Fairs, Conferences, Seminars

Patents, Prizes, Awards

Additional Functions

Spin-Offs

Current Research Projects

Current Industry Co-operations

Scientific Co-operations

Page 118 How to find us

Page 119 Imprint Content 5

ContentContent

Workgroups of the Institute

Page 26 Business Computing, especially CIM Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Wilhelm Dangelmaier

Page 34 Product Engineering Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jürgen Gausemeier

Page 42 Computers and Society Prof. Dr.-Ing. Reinhard Keil

Page 48 Algorithms and Complexity Prof. Dr. math. Friedhelm Meyer auf der Heide

Page 54 Design of Distributed Embedded Systems Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Franz Josef Rammig

Page 62 System and Circuit Technology Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ulrich Rückert

Page 70 Control Engineering and Mechatronics Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Ansgar Trächtler

Page 78 Parallel Computing Associated Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Burkhard Monien Workgroups Page 82 Software Engineering Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Wilhelm Schäfer

Page 88 Philosophy of Science and Technology Prof. Dr. phil. Volker Peckhaus 6 Heinz Nixdorf Institute Annual Report 2009

Heinz Nixdorf, † 1986 The Concepts Guiding the Institute 7

The Concepts Guiding the Institute

We are currently witnessing a transitional and applied research, with its practical shift from national industrial societies to relevance, are of equal importance to us. a global information society. Information and communication technology has per- Commitment to supporting young meated all areas of life; past boundaries researchers and limitations are being rendered mean- We are highly committed to providing ingless. Yet we are also noticing that training and education to our students fewer and fewer people find work within and postgraduate doctoral candidates the classical industrial sectors, which is with the goal of imparting them with the why a lot of people feel threatened by the necessary competencies to shape the change and would like to maintain the future. status quo. Nevertheless, the development Measurable goals towards a global information society Any action strategy must be assessed for opens up big chances and numerous its success. We set three main bench- opportunities for creativity. New jobs and marks for ours: service areas are on the horizon. 1) The research work should be excellent. We measure this by the frequency and Symbiosis between computer science amount of third-party funding, on the and engineering technology number of doctoral and postdoctoral At the center of our research is the symbi- degrees awarded, as well as on the osis of computer science and engineering. number of publications in respected This results in critical impetus for new journals. products and services in the global mar- 2) Our work should benefit the economy kets of tomorrow. Our activities should by leading to innovative products, contribute to the creation of new jobs and services and operational processes. help preserve existing prosperity. The number of spin-off products is an The problems we have to solve are important indicator for this. complex. There are many influential fac- 3) Our graduates should be able to find tors from the natural sciences, technol- suitable employment in business, ogy, economics, ecology and the social industry or science. environment that have to be considered. We work together in interdisciplinary This is the way we follow the concepts for teams because we see that only by doing the Institute that Heinz Nixdorf intended so can we find solutions for complex as initiator. problems.

Balance between basic research and applied research We want to be a leading research insti- tute. To succeed in becoming one, we have to be able to give critical impetus to industry, but we must also anticipate the problems of tomorrow and work towards finding solutions for them early on. Both basic research, which reveals new insights and opens new opportunities, 8 Heinz Nixdorf Institute Annual Report 2009

The Research Program

The key area of activity for our institute is research. The goals A new school of design for technical systems and methodical approach to the planned research activities are In principle, this involves procedural models, specification described in detail in the separate paper „Dynamics, Mobility, techniques, dedicated methods and IT tools as well as training Networking: A New School of Design for Technical Systems of and further education programs. The conceptual platform that Tomorrow“. Below the research program is presented in a con- forms the basis is constructed of, on the one hand, the work siderably shorter version. we have done thus far and influenced by the domains electri- cal engineering, computer science, mechanical engineering Research vision: “Things that think“ and economics, and on the other hand, systems engineering. The technical systems of tomorrow will be able to inde- Systems engineering is a cross-domain approach to purposeful pendently adjust to changing operating conditions or new and goal-oriented designing of complex systems. The goal is to environments. This requires cognitive skills – and so the integrate the various domains and describe a structured devel- slogan: „Things that think“. The systems will be comprised of opmental process from the concept to the operational phase. numerous complex and interlinked subsystems that in inter- action will be able to provide the overall functionality called Thinking ahead to the future for. A major challenge will be to approach the development of As tomorrow‘s systems are the issue, we must develop a few single components and the mechanisms for their interaction as ideas about user expectations and requirements, as well as the a holistic task. technical capabilities of the future. We achieve this through Multidisciplinary systems require us to think in systems. The systematically forecasting, i.e. by being aware of and anticipa- currently established methodology of developments and proc- ting market and technological developments. In this way we esses do not take this into account because they focus on the can work today on what will be in demand tomorrow. single domains. What is missing is a development methodol- We pursue our goals in close cooperation with industry and ogy that places the entire system in the center, from which on the front lines of research, embedded in international, na- everything that happens in the multidisciplinary development tional and intra-university research networks. is orchestrated.

The major goals Innovations for growth and employment We want to use the symbiosis of computer science and engi- neering in order to create innovative technical systems that have the benefit of opening perspectives for growth and employment. The Research Program 9

Structure of the Heinz Nixdorf Institute research program and the positioning of priority projects in this structure

The structure of the research program  Mechatronic systems Our research program is structured in a way that clear assign-  Cooperative networks ments can be formulated, the work progress is visible and  Knowledge-based socio-technical systems measurable and the results eventually become beneficial to industry. This structure is illustrated above. Here we depict Process our research program along the three dimensions, technology, The creation of technical systems of tomorrow requires first of application and process. This helps us link technology push all creativity and imagination because today‘s users will not with market pull and determine how to identify and design an tell us what problems they will have to solve tomorrow and innovative and promising technical system. The three dimen- how the appropriate solutions are to be formed. But even if sions can be characterized as follows: we knew the requirements of tomorrow‘s systems, we lack the instruments to design such systems for which there are no Technology examples in today‘s world. Therefore we are faced with two Under technology we understand the means, processes, etc. challenges: that serve to make knowledge gained through the natural sci-  Recognizing the requirements of tomorrow‘s systems; this ences and engineering beneficial for technical systems. From calls for foresight. today‘s standpoint the focus is on the following five areas:  Design methodology; this primarily means the establish-  Self-coordination and self-optimization of distributed ment of a new school of system design, enabling others to systems design tomorrow‘s systems.

 Services in mobile systems  Dynamic reconfigurable HW/SW systems Concrete research and development projects are those  Distributed dynamic data spaces shown as singular cubical cells or clusters of cells in the illus-  Simulation, visualization and interaction tration. Currently there are priority projects as well as the many small and medium-sized projects. Five of these priority proj- Application ects are illustrated in the cube. Here we are concerned with the realization of concrete techni- The following pages will describe the projects SFB 614, cal systems that provide benefits or fulfill a need. This is to be VPS Benchmark, ENTIME, Leitstand 2012, Miniaturroboter carried out in cooperation with industry. By involving industry BeBot/Robotik Telewerkbank and Organic Computing. we encourage an exchange of information about how the systems work in practice and we validate our operational pro- cedures. From today‘s standpoint, we see the following three areas of application as relevant: 10 Heinz Nixdorf Institute Annual Report 2009

CRC 614 “Self-Optimizing Concepts and Structures in Mechanical Engineering” Intelligent machines for the future market

Machines are omnipresent. They produce, they trans- port. Machines facilitate work and assist. The increas- ing penetration of mechanical engineering by informa- tion technology enables considerable benefits. This circumstance is expressed by the term mechatronics, which means the close interaction of mechan- ics, electronics, control engineering and soft- ware engineering to improve the behavior of a technical system. Future systems of mechani- cal engineering will consist of configurations of system elements with an inherent partial intelligence. The behavior of the entire system is formed by the communication and coopera- tion of the intelligent system’s elements. From an information processing point of view, we consider these distributed systems to be multi-agent- systems. These capabilities open up fascinating prospects regarding the design of tomorrow’s mechanical systems. The term self-optimization characterizes this perspective: Self-optimization describes the endog- enous adaption of the system’s objectives due to changing operation conditions and the resulting auton- omous adjustment of system parameters or system structure and consequently of the system’s behavior. Aspects of a self-optimizing system The Collaborative Research Centre (CRC) 614 “Self-Opti- mizing Concepts and Structures in Mechanical Engineering” The CRC pursues the long-term aim to open up the active (Speaker: Prof. Dr.-Ing. J. Gausemeier), started in July 2002, paradigm of self-optimization for mechanical engineering and has been reviewed successfully in March 2009. It will be to create instruments for the development of such systems. funded with about 8 million Euros for the following four years. Basically, the instruments consist of procedure models, design methods and software tools for synthesis and analysis. The validation takes place by means of demonstrators which cover the entire scope of modern mechanical engineering and vehi- cle construction. In particular these include the three demonstrators, depicted in the figure:

This is an innovative railway system  RailCab: which is realized on a comprehensive test track at a scale of 1:2.5 (http://nbp-www. upb.de). Autonomous vehicles (RailCabs) that supply transport for both passengers and cargo, establish the core of the system. They drive on demand and not by schedule. The RailCabs act in a proactive way, e.g. in order to reduce the required energy by forming convoys. The RailCab modules: drive and braking system, spring and tilt system, energy management as well as the cooperation of these modules are based on self-optimization. Structure of a mechatronic system with inherent partial intelligence Priority Projects in Research 11

This robot serves as a technol- X-by-Wire Test Vehicle Railway Vehicle  Miniature Robot BeBot: “Chameleon“ “RailCab“ ogy platform for the research in the domains of dynamic reconfigurable systems, multi-agent systems as well as swarm intelligence. The combination of reconfigurable logic blocks (FPGA) and high-performance micro-controllers forms the basis for the platform. Moreover, it is a test bed for the technology: “Molded Interconnect Devices” (MID).

The realization of complex mechatronic systems with inherent partial intelligence requires an adequate concept of structure as well as architecture for the information processing. The Miniature Robot core element of this concept is the Operator Controller Module “BeBot“ Demonstrators of the CRC 614 (OCM). From an information-processing point of view, it is con- form to a software agent. The structure of the OCM is shown in This is a fully active the figure. According to this, the OCM can be subdivided into  X-by-Wire Test Vehicle Chameleon: mechatronic test vehicle which is entirely actuated elec- three levels. tronically. It is completely steered by-wire; that means there are no mechanical couplings between the operating Controller: This control loop is an active chain that obtains elements and the actuating elements. The aim related to measurement signals, determines adjustment signals and out- the CRC is a self-optimizing vehicle control concerning the puts them. The software at this level operates quasi-continu- vertical and longitudinal dynamics, the energy manage- ously under hard real-time conditions. ment as well as the reconfiguration of the actuating system Reflective Operator: This level monitors and directs the con- of the chassis. troller. It modifies the controller by initiating changes to para- meters or structures. Cognitive Operator: At the highest level of the OCM, the system can launch a variety of methods (such as learning methods, model-based optimization or usage of knowledge- based systems) to use information about the environment and itself to improve its own behavior.

The CRC’s work is progressing well, so that considerable bene- fits for mechanical engineering and related industry become apparent. Consequently, five transfer projects have been start- ed in 2008. The main aim of these projects is the evaluation of the instruments developed within the CRC by leading mecha- nical engineering companies. Moreover, an industrial advisory board has been established in 2008 in order to facilitate the transfer of the research findings and design instruments to practice. The main results of the CRC’s first two funding peri- ods are described in detail in two book-publications within the HNI Publication Series.

Selbstop- Verlässlichkeit timierende selbstoptimie- Systeme des render Systeme Maschinenbaus – Potentiale nut- – Definitionen, zen und Risiken Anwendungen, vermeiden. Konzepte. HNI-Verlags- HNI-Verlags- schriftenreihe, schriftenreihe, Band 235, 2009 Band 234, 2009

Architecture of the Operator Controller Module (OCM) http:/www.sfb614.de 12 Heinz Nixdorf Institute Annual Report 2009

The competition of the “NRW Ziel 2“-Program

In the year 2007 a new sponsorship period of the “NRW Ziel 2“-Program has begun. The project pursues three aims: 1. Middle-sized enterprises and entrepreneurs should become stronger and more active than before. 2. Cities and regions should become more attractive and worth living. 3. The innovation willingness and innovation capability therefore, it offers recommendations how to continue in future are supposed to improve all over the country. In the centre of decisions. the work forward-looking technologies and services, unusual Building on the actual state, a new company-specific co-operations or new approaches between science research performance improvement-strategy will be developed which and economics can be found. In relevant competitions of the supports the increasing of achievement. Therefore, it is not the state of North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW), the Heinz Nixdorf Insti- intention to achieve the highest maturity level, but an indivi- tute won three projects. dually reasonable targetstate. Also, a cross-enterprise compa- rability of the development states is provided by the maturity level. VPS Benchmark – The gained knowledge about VPS and the project results Increasing performance in the product will be provided for industrial matters, e.g. by the internet plat- development form www.viprosim.de. The research project is supported by an amount of € 560.000 and it is represented by Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jürgen Gause- The methods and tools of Virtual Prototyping and Simulation meier (Heinz Nixdorf Institute). The “VPS Benchmark” will (VPS) accelerate significantly of the product development increase the efficiency of the middle-sized Mechanical Engi- neering enterprises sustainably and it will realize an improved product reliability and product quality.

ENTIME – Design methods for intelligent mechatronic systems

The research project “Design methods for intelligent Mecha- tronics” (ENTIME) aims at improving the innovation power of modern mechanical engineering by developing a domain- spanning design method on the one hand. On the other hand, the Semantic Web technology will be used for an effective exchange of solution knowledge in the value added chains and to open up new distribution channels for local companies. Currently, in the development of mechatronic systems, solution knowledge is mainly represented by solution ele- ments. These are proven components like machine elements und control elements, which are offered by suppliers via cata- logues or the internet. The main difficulty for innovation is that process and increase the product quality. The project “VPS design engineers in companies typically use already familiar Benchmark” is supposed to support especially small and solution elements. By using the Semantic Web technology, the middle-sized enterprises to recognize and develop the benefits exclusive focus on familiar solution elements should be avoid- of Virtual Prototyping and Simulation. Using the Benchmark, ed and, therefore, global solution knowledge can be utilized by the VPS-necessity of action can be determined and a strategy design engineers. in order to increase the performance can be developed. In Furthermore, a domain-spanning design technique is devel- order to identify important fields of action (such as product oped in the research project. This design technique includes data, variants or development project management), they are the domains mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, analyzed within the company itself. The resulting maturity level control engineering and software engineering. This enables the shows how well a company in the field of VPS is set up and creation of innovative solution elements for the application in modern mechanical engineering. Priority Projects in Research 13

The project is funded with € 4.3 Mill. by the European Union and the state NRW and is carried out by the HNI, repre- sented by Prof. Gausemeier, Prof. Schäfer and Prof. Trächt- ler, which cooperates closely with nine local companies. Therefore, the project is going to strengthen the innovation power of the key industry mechanical engineering. Addi- tionally, it is going to open up new distribution channels for local companies.

The design approach for intelligent mechatronic systems

Control Centre 2012 – A tool for a domain-spanning cost-integrated pro- it can expose and quantify added value and wastage during duction control system in SME networks the production process immediately. A service concept, which concentrates competences of production clusters by surveying It is the aim of the project “Control Centre 2012” to develop a production data of many companies anonymously and by “Control Centre of the future” especially for small and middle- offering dedicated planning-oriented IT-services, completes sized enterprises (SME) in form of service-oriented product the actual product. By using company-spanning benchmarks, design software. By using new, domain-spanning service con- improvement potentials for individual partners, but also for a cepts and by applying information and communication tech- whole cooperation, can be determined. nologies, measurable added values should be created for SME Thus, the Control Centre 2012, closes the gap between and therefore, competences should be established in order to growing requirements of the SME in the field of IT-supported decrease production costs and to improve productivity by ope- production planning and controlling and the current state of rating under the same basic conditions. the art. The growing demand on the market allows developing Therefore, the Control Centre2012 combines a new visuali- a new innovative product including a trend-setting service con- zation technique with corresponding cost information in order cept which conveys best chances to penetrate the market on to control multi-dimensional production data. As a result, a high level. The integration of both approaches allows, all-in, a low-priced and therefore for SME attractive distribution alternative of the actual control centre software. In the service sector, new jobs are provided; they can be preserved permanently in production industries by an improved productivity. Also, new capacities can be established in North-Rhine Westphalia. This project is promoted with € 900.000. Professor Wilhelm Dangelmaier, in cooperation with different production and service companies as well as local, East CC2012 combines IT-Services with intelligent consultancy services Westphalia-Lippe and North-Rhine Westphalia associations, runs that project. 14 Heinz Nixdorf Institute Annual Report 2009

Miniature Robot BeBot/Robotics Teleworkbench Test bed for intelligent machines and cooperative networks

Our ambition is a new school for the design of intelligent micro controller on the backside with mechatronic systems. Consequently, we need an avant-garde wheel case PCB plugins basic system which can be used to develop and to test future applications. The miniature robot BeBot, designed within our institute, is such a basic system. This robot constitutes the test bench for the applications, being based on modern bridge control resistance transistor approaches, such as self-optimization, self-organization and self-coordination as well as on the use of new manufacturing technologies. multiplier Infrared For those and other applications the robot is equipped with: sensor USB, WLAN, Bluetooth in order to communicate, a digital camera, several effective processors (up to 600MHz), a recon- Infrared-LED figurable FPGA-chip as well as 256 MB memory and 512 MB Three-dimensional circuit on the BeBot’s chassis, realized in MID flash-memory (extendable to 16GB). Linux works as an operat- ing system. Developing the robot’s chassis, appears to be a gether), claw or transport (having a loading space for four ten- specific challenge. The chassis is realized as a MID-component nis balls). (Molded Interconnect Devices). It integrates mechanical and electrical parts. Infrared sensors detect 360° of the environ- Next to this many further multi-robot-experiments can be made ment and micro controller analyse the data. The conductors, with the Bebot. Experiments with groups from up to 100 coop- between the more than 100 parts, cover the interior of the erating miniature robots can be run on the teleworkbench, with robot’s chassis and create a complex, three-dimensional cir- a working area of 3,6m x 3,6m, and established at the Heinz cuit – everything facilitates a high density of functions as well Nixdorf Institute. A video surveillance of all robots (in which as miniaturization. With this performance data, the BeBot is the recorded sensor and communication signals are embed- leading within its category of miniature robots (size: up to 10 ded) allows the experiment’s analysis on-site as well as via cm x 10cm x 10cm). Internet. Scientists can globally cooperate and they can plan, carry out and analyze experiments together. One application scenario of the BeBot consists of about 50 miniature robots sorting and collecting table tennis balls and Lego Duplo blocks accord- ing to their colour. High- light of the whole proce- dure is that the robots are able to take over dif- ferent roles by communicating with each other. These different roles are imple- mented by a tool changing Several BeBots during a multi-robot-experiment on the teleworkbench. By the system: One help of the portal robot and his “claw”, which operates with low-pressure (in robot is either the picture above) different experiments can be built and also exactly repro- able to be slid- duced afterwards by a remote-control system. er (pushing the widely distri- buted balls to- http://www.hni.upb.de/en/pri- ority-projects/miniaturrobo- Basic model of the miniature robot ter Priority Projects in Research 15

Organic Computing A priority research program of the German Science Foundation (DFG)

Organic Computing has emerged recently as a challenging vision for future information processing systems. Organic Com- puting is based on the insight that we will soon be surrounded by large collections of autonomous systems, which are equipped with sensors and actuators, aware of their environ- BeBots interact as a “Smart-Team“ with a Paderkicker. Together they represent ment, communicate freely, and organize themselves in order to a multi-agent-system. provide the required actions and services. ising in a certain situation. For behavior assessment we use An “Organic Computing System” is a technical system, which decentralized evaluation functions based on socio-biological adapts dynamically to the current conditions of its environ- paradigms like emotions and urges. These paradigms do not ment. It will be self-organizing, self-configuring, self-optimiz- only consider the system‘s own behavior and improvement of ing, self-healing, self-pro- its own state but also take into account its group‘s behavior tecting, self-explaining, and goals. In order to accelerate the adaptation of a system‘s and context-aware. Thus, behavior we combine individual exploration with imitation of this research area fits successful behavior of other members of the group. Further- perfectly to the research more, we examine how group behavior evolves from such imi- program of the Heinz Nix- tation and how such emergent behavior can be characterized dorf Institute. for instance in terms of group clustering or performance. The developed modular approach that supports these features is The priority research evaluated via simulation as well as experimentally with the aid program “Organic Com- of our Paderkicker soccer robots team respectively the BeBot puting” of the German miniature robot. Science Foundation (DFG) addresses fundamental In the project “Smart Teams: Local Distributed Strategies for challenges in the design Self-Organizing Robotic Exploration Teams”, headed by Prof. of Organic Computing Dr. Friedhelm Meyer auf der Heide and Prof. Dr. Christian systems; its objective is a Schindelhauer (Freiburg, a former member of the Heinz Nix- deeper understanding of dorf Institute) we aim at laying the algorithmic foundations emergent global behav- for a scenario where an exploration team of robots, we call ior in self-organizing it a smart team, has to organize itself in order to fulfill tasks Paderkicker: soccer playing robots systems and the design like exploring an unknown terrain and executing work in this of specific concepts and tools to support the construction of terrain. Examples for such a task are rescue expeditions in Organic Computing systems for technical applications. It start- dangerous areas or expeditions in the oceans or on planets. ed in 2005 and is meanwhile in its third phase. With three out The work of such a smart team has to be guided by strategies of eighteen projects, the University of Paderborn is the strong- for exploration, for finding important objects, and for as- est contributor. The Heinz Nixdorf Institute is involved in two of signing to such an object a subgroup of robots that jointly have these projects. the capabilities necessary to process the object. The central challenge is that all these tasks have to be executed locally In the project “A Modular Approach for Evolving Societies of via distributed strategies which act on a mobile network of Learning Autonomous Systems”, headed by Prof. Dr. Franz moving robots, and have to result in a robust, effective self- Rammig and Dr. Bernd Kleinjohann, we develop a modular organization of the team. None of these robots will ever have approach for realizing self-organizing and self-optimizing au- more than a very restricted, local knowledge of the global state tonomous systems that show emergent behavior in societies of the system. Their decisions are solely based on their own of such systems. Previous approaches already deal with the observations and findings, from which a globally good beha- question how individual systems cope with failures and pro- vior of the whole team has to result from. Besides ensuring vide first solutions for individual self-adaptation. However exploration quality, continous communication connectivity and it is still unclear how a system‘s individual self-adaptation a skillful allocation of tasks it is important to take into account influences the behavior and performance of the entire system the energy demand of each robot. We analyze the quality of society. We examine how a system can learn to adapt itself our strategies both theoretically, e.g. by means of competitive to changing environments while at the same time paying analysis, and experimentally with aid of our simulation plat- attention to the overall group behavior. We follow a modular form. approach where a system is able to learn a model of itself and its environment including its group members that can be used to decide which adaptation alternatives are most prom- http://www.organic-computing.de 16 Heinz Nixdorf Institute Annual Report 2009

Competence Center for Virtual Prototyping and Simulation – ViProSim

Virtual Prototyping is an inherent part of the product devel- Analysis of Production Pro- opment process. For Virtual Prototyping, a computer model of cesses with d3FACT insight the product under development is generated at first, which is The simulation tool d3FACT then analysed like a real product prototype. That way, design insight, funded by the DFG, errors can already be determined in early stages of the product has been developed by the development and different versions of the virtual product are research group Business created and analysed without the need for constructing a real Computing, esp. CIM and prototype. This reduces time and costs in product develop- Algorithms and Complexity. ment and increases product quality. It offers an interactive ana- In the context of the research area Virtual Prototyping and lysis of simulated parallel Simulation (VPS) (previously: VisSim) research groups at Heinz production processes in 3D Nixdorf Institute and University of Paderborn develop new and combines distributed VPS-methods and tools. In order to support these research simulation processes of activities a high-definition visualization center has been estab- operating processes with lished at HNI. a distributed 3D-visualisa- tion. In order to identify, Visualization of highly complex development processes New Infrastructure for Visualization how randomly distributed steps The high-definition visualization center consists of a high- simulation variables definition large-scale projection with all in all four projection influence the behavior of the production system, numerous screens and an overall width of nine meters. The motion of simulation runs of one simulation experiment are processed the user in front of the projection system is detected three- in parallel. d3FACT insight aggregates the simulation runs dimensionally within the room by an optical tracking system, and visualizes the results in 3D, to enable the user to identify by which a simple and intuitive navigation through the virtual and evaluate differences between individual simulation se- space is realized. Five high-performance PCs and 14 high- quences. d3FACT insight is especially effective when being operated on the large-screen projection, as it provides a very realistic stereoscopic display of the production processes. The aggrega- ted simulation runs require a complex and higly detailed visu- alisation, in order to demonstrate differences between individ- ual simulation sequences. The dimensions of the projection system provide a close-to-reality spatial perception of even large-scale production facilities. The project system’s width allows a 1:1- display even of large-scale production facilities.

Visualization of Highly Complex Development Processes In the context of the collaborative research center 614 (CRC), the research group Product Engineering has created a visuali- zation of highly complex development processes for the design of self-optimizing mechatronic systems. Using the example High-definition projection system in the visualization center at the HNI of the RailCab development, the entire development process, comprising about 850 design steps, has been visualized on resolution beamers projecting stereoscopic images with a total the large-scale projection system. The engineer navigates in- resolution of about 2x20 million pixels are operated from a tuitively through the complete process having access to all in- media control unit. Compared to this, a high-definition tele- formation needed. Single operating steps can be accessed at vision works with only one-tenth of that solution. The advan- any time. Due to the high definition and quality of the display, ced projection system allows displaying even finest details, the user always keeps track of the complex development while its brilliance and display quality is unbeaten by existing processes. systems. The HD-visualization center is available for scientists Visualization of Massively Complex Data Sets as well as users from industry. The following applications The research group Algorithms and Complexity does funda- demonstrate the system‘s potential. mental research in the field of visualizing massively complex data sets and develops methods and algorithms for rendering large amounts of data in real-time. On the basis of these Competence Center Virtual Prototyping and Simulation 17

algorithms, an inter- active tool for stereo- scopic visu- alization on the large-scale projection system in the high- definition visualiza- tion center has been developed during the last year. Using Virtual Prototyping of innovative automotive headlight systems the complex 3D-model of a coal-fired power plant, the operating mode of the applied algorithms and processes In order to evaluate the control algorithms accurately, the can be visualized and analyzed. The night driving simulator, in combination with the large-scaled projection’s high definition and width projection, forms a powerful tool providing high-quality and of the RailCab divided into 850 design in combination with stereoscopic ren- significant results, which can be reused in further research dering support the analysis of applied projects. processes and facilitate the understanding of complex geomet- rical relations. Center for Driving Simulation The research results of the virtual prototyping platform consti- tute the basis for establishing a center for driving simulation. For this, the virtual prototyping platform will be complemented by a driving simulator with an integrated motion system. The driving simulator supports an early and realistic analysis of innovative automotive systems and components, like e.g. headlight systems, driver assistance systems, or new axle and chassis concepts. The Heinz Nixdorf Institute develops hard- ware and software interfaces, which allow a fast and flexible integration of different vehicle components into the driving simulator. Hardware-in-the-loop simulation facilitates joint tests of real and simulated vehicle components. The system can be used in product development as well as marketing and sales. In the next months, the current virtual prototyping plat- Interactive three-dimensional rendering of complex data of a coal-fired power form will be advanced to an interactive driving simulation plant with an integrated motion platform. It will form the basis for Paderborn’s Center of Driving Simulation.

Virtual Prototyping of Innovative Automotive Headlight Systems The research group Product Engineering has developed a night driving simulator that provides a high-quality visualization of automotive headlights illuminating the road ahead of a vehi- cle. During the simulated drive, the vehicle motion is trans- ferred to the driver’s seat within the simulator. This haptic feedback makes the simulation more realistic and significant to the user. The simulator sets the basis for an advanced simu- lation of control algorithms for tiltable headlights, which are an integral part of adaptive corner lights or advanced leveling light systems. That way, headlight beam patterns are displayed in high detail, by using high dynamic range data that precisely reproduces contrast ratios. ATMOS driving simulator for the analysis of vehicle systems 18 Heinz Nixdorf Institute Annual Report 2009

Internet-based information and communication services

For many companies product innovations and associated serv- with knowledge on Mechatronics.  TransMechatronic.de ices are the substantial lever for lasting success. This applies (Project management agency: Forschungszentrum Karls- in particular to mechanical engineering and related industries ruhe PTKA). like the automobile industry, the electronic industry and the with practice oriented concepts and  OWL-SupplyChain.de medical industry. The products of the above mentioned indus- scientifically established approaches on the topic supply tries are characterized by close cooperation of mechanics, chain management. electronics and software technology. The key word “Mechatro- nics” is entirely summing this up. The portal’s three functions: It is essential to the manufacturing of future products to make use of correct information and, furthermore, of ade-  Information all around the topic. quate instruments during the period of product planning and  Investigations of required actions, offering necessary development. There is obviously no lack of information and methods and tools. instruments for producing innovative products. Particularly in  Providing of qualified contacts between customers and pro- medium-sized companies, there is a lack of knowledge in how viders with appropriate services (application of methods, to develop new products quickly and safely and consequently, engineering, professional training etc.). how to bring them on the market of today and tomorrow. In order to support these companies, we run five internet plat- forms with partners:

with information the topic of product counter-  ConImit.de feiting and innovations against it. for planning products and technol-  innovations-wissen.de ogy strategically. with information on the topic of Virtual Proto-  ViProSim.de typing and Simulation. Main target is the connection of the university and companies from the East Westphalia-Lippe region.

Five Internet-based services for communication and cooperation between university and economy

The Heinz Nixdorf Institute operates – in co-operation with partners – five internet platforms for product innovation – goals: inform as well as establish contacts between customers and providers of services. Internet-based information and communication services 19

The research projects of the BMBF announcement: “Innova- Virtual Prototyping and Simulation (VPS) shortens the product tions against product counterfeiting” contribute to an effective development process and increases the quality of the prod- protection against product counterfeiting for producing com- ucts themselves. Digital models of products, being in their panies. ConImit supports, as accompanying procedure, the development process at that time, are established and ana- transfer of the research results into the industry sectors which lyzed. Therefore, the time and cost intensive construction of a do not get any support. Furthermore, this increases the effect real prototype is no longer necessary. During that process, it is of the projects. The aim is the establishment of a network of important to recognize usage potentials for the VPS methods experts who support concerned companies and those at risk and, consequently, to use them. ViProSim supports the men- by realizing individual protection concepts against product tioned process by offering the initial consultation “VPS-Quick- counterfeiting with them. To this, the platform www.conimit. Check” and the qualified transfer of contacts. Furthermore, the de offers a demand analysis and a data base with protection platform offers knowledge on VPS methods and tools. concepts and experts of the field for users.

Homepage of the internet platform www.viprosim.de Homepage of the internet platform www.conimit.de The expert’s platform TransMechatronic gives basically infor- More than ever, it is very important to show competence in mation on mechatronics and on operated and current coop- strategy, especially to companies of the mechanical engineer- erative projects within the framework of the BMBF-program ing sector and similar branches. There is a lack of information “Research for the production of tomorrow”. Selected topics will on methods, tools and their usage. Help is given by the inter- be deepened and regularly updated in high grade technical net platform: www.innovations-wissen.de; it offers information contributions. and precise help to the experts in order to support strategic planning concepts of products and production systems for the markets of tomorrow.

Homepage of the internet platform www.transmechatronic.de

The expert’s platform www.owl-supplychain.de provides field- proven concepts of Best-Practice partners as well as methods for the SupplyChain Management which have been developed Homepage of the internet platform www.innovationswissen.de by cooperative projects and science members. 20 Heinz Nixdorf Institute Annual Report 2009

Commitment to support young Researcher

The Heinz Nixdorf Institute is intensively committed to the International Graduate School training and education of students and graduates with the The International Graduate School “Dynamic Intelligent aim of giving them the necessary requirements, they need to Systems”, which was founded in autumn 2001, is one of shape the future. A very special feature of the Heinz Nixdorf seven institutions supported by the state of North Rhine West- Institute is the close interaction between information science, phalia to promote top young specialists in natural sciences natural science, engineering science and economics as well as areas. Highly qualified graduates can study strategically for aspects of social and cultural sciences. In 2009, 134 students their doctorate with a three-year period in the framework of a wrote their diploma at the Heinz Nixdorf Institute and 19 par- course of doctorate studies, motivated by intensive support. ticularly talented graduates took their PhD. In the framework of this NRW-program, the International Grad- Our dedication to promoting a new generation of re- uate School is the only institution in the area of application- searchers is expressed, in particular, in the graduate college oriented IT. An interdisciplinary approach, internationality and and the leading involvement of the Heinz Nixdorf Institute excellence are the trademarks of the institution, managed in the first International Graduate School at the University of scientifically by Prof. Dr. Schäfer. Research at the English- Paderborn. speaking institution focuses on the enhanced development of dynamically linked systems. Such systems are characterized Graduate College by the replacement or modification of software and hardware The Heinz Nixdorf Institute has been running graduate colleges during their operational phase. Solutions for a fail-proof reali- since 1992 with the aim to offer a study and research environ- zation are developed within the projects. Professors from the ment to highly qualified postgraduates, that facilitates their Heinz Nixdorf Institute and nine additional professors from the conferring a doctorate within two or three years. The second University of Paderborn have been coaching in the year under graduate college “Automatic Configuration in Open Systems” review 49 students from 11 countries. 53 students finished started its work in 2002, under the supervision of Prof. Dr. their PhD successfully, nine of them in 2009. An evaluation Rückert. After a start-up financing by the DFG, this graduate of the International PhD Program of the German Academic college is now fully funded by the Heinz Nixdorf Institute itself. Exchange Service and the German Research Foundation (DFG) Currently, the Heinz Nixdorf Institute’s scholarship holders shows that the Graduate School is Best Practice for the par- strongly cooperate with the priority projects of our research ticipants in the fields of multi-disciplinarity, business coop- program. The interdisciplinary work in the graduate colleges eration and in creating a long-term awareness. To that point together with the technical specialization of the individual of time the following institutions cooperate with the Graduate working groups offer a considerable advantage to the scho- School: Daimler, dSpace, Freudenberg, Initplan, Keiper, Knorr larship holders and significantly increase the quality of the Bremse, Lufthansa, and Wincor Nixdorf as well as the Dr. scientific work. Arnold Hueck Foundation and the Fraunhofer association.

Heinz Nixdorf Institute: http://www.hni.upb.de

Graduate College: http://www.hni.upb.de/gk Int. Graduate School: http://www.upb.de/graduateschool Commitment to support young Researcher 21

Preparation for an academic career The Heinz Nixdorf Institute is explicitly interested in supporting employees who aim for an academic career. Twenty-eight of our graduates already passed their PhD. Currently, there is one junior professor and four assistant professors working in the Heinz Nixdorf Institute.

Dr.-Ing. Jan Berssenbrügge is assistant professor in the Dr.-Ing. Mario Porrmann is head of the Mediatronics research group: Product Engineering (Prof. Gausemeier). He team in the research group System and Circuit Technology passed his PhD in 2005 with the thesis: “Virtual Night Drive at the Heinz Nixdorf Institute. Currently, his research topics – A process to demonstrate the complex distribution of head- concentrate on the development and analysis of dynamically lights during a night drive.” His research focuses on methods reconfigurable microelectronic systems. These systems have and concepts to visualize and simulate product features in the the ability to adjust their architecture according to changing field of Virtual Prototyping. requirements during operation.

Dr. rer. pol. Christoph Laroque is assistant professor at the Dr.-Ing. Rafael Radkowski is assistant professor in the field chair of Prof. Dangelmaier, Business Computing, especially of Virtual Prototyping in the research group Product Engineer- CIM. The digital planning, continuous development and task- ing (Prof. Gausemeier). The interactive visual analysis of virtual specific controlling of production and logistics processes are prototypes with the Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality the main focus in his teaching and research activities. Con- technologies are the main topics of his research. His aim is the cerning methodology, the integrated use and the advancement improvement of analysis and evaluation of complex technical of discrete, process-controlled material flow simulation form systems. the main aspects within these fields of application. Addition- ally, he works on methods in order to organize and control Jun.-Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Patrick Briest is a junior professor in resource efficient and sustainable processes (“Lean & Green”). the research group Algorithms and Complexity (Prof. Dr. Meyer auf der Heide). Within the fields of teaching and researching he focuses on algorithmic aspects of large distributed systems – such as the Internet – in which autonomous components cooperate with each other. Therefore methods of the mathe- matical game theory are adopted. 22 Heinz Nixdorf Institute Annual Report 2009

The Heinz Nixdorf Institute has the competence and the infrastructure to offer young people a professional training. We have been committing ourselves here for years. We train specialized computer scientists in the area system integration and electronics engineers in the area devices and systems. Currently, there are nine trainees being prepared for their career. Usually, there are three young people starting their apprentice per year.

Apprenticeship at the Heinz Nixdorf Institute

The career profile of the specialized computer scientist, sub- ject area system integration: Specialized computer scientists master both, technical and commercial challenges. They convert the requirements and demands of the users into hard- and software. In addition to that, they are available for customers and users for pro- fessional advice and technical support. Basically, the train- ees design and realize complex IT-systems with software components, but they also install and set up networked IT-systems. The professional training lasts three years and ends with an examination by the Chamber of Commerce and Industry (IHK).

The career profile of the electronics engineer for devices and systems: Electronics engineer for devices and systems produce compo- nents and devices, e.g. for the information technology or com- munication technology. They put the systems and devices into operation, and they also maintain them. IT competences, such as installing and configuring IT systems or the application of appropriate software, are expected in this occupation. In their professional career they work in the fields of manufacturing, testing as well as in quality control, maintaining and repair or even in the developing area. This training takes 3,5 years and ends up with an examination by the Chamber of Commerce and Industry (IHK). Commitment to support young Researcher 23

Careers of our graduates

We do not only transfer scientific qualification to our graduates but also prepare them for executive functions in industry and sci- ence. The following examples show where our graduates work today.

Dr. rer. nat. Tamás Lukovszki Dr.-Ing. Ursula Frank

University Company Eötvös Loránd Universität in Buda- Beckhoff Automation GmbH pest, Ungarn Ursula Frank is a project manager Tamás Lukovszki is an associate for research and development pro- professor in the faculty of Computer jects in the Beckhoff Automation Science in Eötvös Lorand University GmbH in Verl. Her field of action is of Budapest, Hungary. His main mainly the supervision of research focuses in research are computer projects in academic domains. networks and the analysis of dynam- ic networks.

Graduation in 1999 at Graduation in 2005 at Prof. Meyer auf der Heide Prof. Gausemeier

Dr.-Ing. Guido Stollt Dr. rer. pol. Thorsten Timm

Company Company Smart Mechatronics GmbH Roland Berger Strategy Consultants

Guido Stollt is executive director Thorsten Timm works as an advisor and shareholder of the Smart for Roland Berger Strategy Consult- Mechatronics GmbH. He is respon- ants. He supports the optimizing of sible for the design and the distri- production and logistics systems bution of the service offerings of within Competence Center Oper- the mechatronic and embedded ations Strategy companies. His focus systems’ development. is on, inter alia, automobile industry.

Graduation in 2008 at Graduation in 2008 at Prof. Gausemeier Prof. Dangelmaier

Prof. Dr. Ulf Witkowski Dr.-Ing. Ute Brüseke

University Company Fachhochschule Südwestfalen Benteler Stahl/Rohr GmbH

Ulf Witkowski is a professor in the Ute Brüseke is a project leader in field of circuit technology and indus- the Benteler Stahl/Rohr GmbH. She trial electronics in the faculty of operates in the field of process opti- electric energy technologies at the mization/lean management. technical college in the city of Soest. His research projects focus on the development of mobile, wireless linked embedded systems.

Graduation in 2003 at Graduation in 2008 at Prof. Rückert Prof. Gausemeier

24 Heinz Nixdorf Institute Annual Report 2009

Workgroup Portraits Workgroup Portraits

Workgroups of the Institute

Business Computing, especially CIM Producing Economically in Germany Tomorrow Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Wilhelm Dangelmaier

Product Engineering Recognizing and Exploiting Success Potentials of Tomorrow Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jürgen Gausemeier

Computers and Society Distributed Knowledge Organization — Advancing Transdisciplinarity Prof. Dr.-Ing. Reinhard Keil

Algorithms and Complexity High Performance = Innovative Computer Systems + Efficient Algorithms Prof. Dr. math. Friedhelm Meyer auf der Heide

Prof. Dr. math. F. Meyer auf der Heide, Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Rückert, Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. A. Trächtler, Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. W. Dangelmaier, Prof. Dr. rer. nat. F. J. Rammig, Prof. Dr.-Ing. J. Gausemeier, Prof. Dr.-Ing. R. Keil (from left) Workgroup Portraits 25

Workgroup Portraits Workgroup Portraits

Design of Distributed Embedded Systems Distributed Embedded Real-Time Systems Become Manageable Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Franz Josef Rammig

System and Circuit Technology Microelectronics – Key Technology and Challenge Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ulrich Rückert

Control Engineering and Mechatronics Model-based Design and Optimisation of Intelligent Mechatronic Systems Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Ansgar Trächtler

Parallel Computing Reaching New Magnitudes Through the Efficient Use of Parallel and Distributed Systems Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Burkhard Monien

Software Engineering Processes, Methods, Techniques and Tools for the Software Life Cycle Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Wilhelm Schäfer Associated Philosophy of Science Reflection on Science and Technology and Technology Workgroups Prof. Dr. phil. Volker Peckhaus 26 Workgroup

BusinessBusiness Computing Computing, , especially CIM especially CIM

Customer A

Manufacturing Level II

Customer B Inventory Supplier I

Inventory Manufacturing Manufacturing Level I Inventory Customer C Level I Manufacturing I Inventory Supplier II

Inventory Supplier III

Customer D

Inventory Supplier IV

Customer E

Producing Economically in Germany Tomorrow Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil Wilhelm Dangelmaier

Enterprises will still produce in Germany tomorrow, if produc- tion, procurement and selling processes meet highest demands for effectiveness and efficiency. This development comprises the increase in product quality as well as ever shorter delivery and turn-around times. In this connection it is necessary to develop innovative procedures which enable enterprises to advance to a status possible today.

E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251 | 60-6485 Fax: +49 (0) 5251 | 60-6483 http://www.hni.uni-paderborn.de/cim Business Computing, especially CIM 27

Production and logistic systems for These methods are integrated in a Helmke, S., Dangel- tomorrows demands decision support system for the event- maier, W., Uebel, In the world-wide struggle for market management in production networks. M.: Effektives Cus- tomer Relationship shares, the strategy of most German Production networks follow different Management. 4. enterprises consists to stand out against goals, like the maximization of customer Auflage, Wiesba- den: Gabler 2008. the competitors by a product and a serv- satisfaction or minimization of delivery ice offer co-ordinated individually for the time or adoption costs. All these goals customers. For the customer the advan- within a special network have to be or- tage is obvious, if commodity and/or dered, strategies for their fulfillment have service do not differ or differ only posi- to be worked out and the single systems tively according to price, quality and de- of a hierarchical organized network are livery time from the standard offers. For to be arranged with an accordant intelli- the logistics, the challenge consists of gence. During this adoption we consider interconnecting most opposite require- the restricted financial as well as factual Busch, A.; Dan- ments to the achievement creation proc- resources. Supply relationships cannot gelmaier, W.: ess. The increase of the logistics costs is, be adapted in any way, as well as ma- Integriertes Supply Chain Manage- thereby, not the basic approach, even chines can only be upgraded in close ment. Wiesbaden: if each unit size must be defined, pro- restrictions. Today’s investments at a Gabler 2004. duced, packed, made available and special location are missing tomorrow for transported individually at the end. Thus, the building of a new factory at another it can only concern to use all resources location or the opening of new markets in more efficiently and intelligently. Here is another region. our tool-set. In our courses we aim to show the students the close relationships between capital and supply markets, between hierarchical and progress structures, dif- ferent forms of production as well as the Dangelmaier, W.; basic principles of systems and a devel- Warnecke, H.-J.: opment of innovative solutions through Fertigungslenkung. the use of the information technology. Planung und Steuerung des Ablaufs der dis- kreten Fertigung. Berlin: Springer Verlag 1997.

Dangelmaier, W.: Dangelmaier, W.: Theorie der Pro- Fertigungsplanung. duktionsplanung Planung von Auf- und -steuerung. bau und Ablauf der Im Sommer keine Fertigung — Grund- Kirschpralinen. lagen, Algorithmen Berlin: Springer und Beispiele. 2009. 2. Auflage. Berlin: Springer Verlag 2001. 28 Workgroup

AC DC - Automotive Chassis Development for 5-Days-Cars WP2000 - Dynamic Supply Chain Management

In scope of the EU-project ACDC - Auto- and coordination process within the motive Chassis Development for 5-Days- production network. The service can Cars - the chair of Business Computing, be integrated into the IT systems of especially CIM, works intensively on the many companies or can be used by development of new planning concepts to SMEs through a web portal.

optimize logistical and value adding pro- T2400 – Real Time Event Handling cesses in Supply Chain Management. In this task an Event Management This work is allocated to the work pack- System is developed, that works with age WP2000 – Dynamic Supply Chain a rule- and knowledge-based detec- Screenshot of the OOPUS-ACDC demon- strator Management – which is divided into tion method. The developed methods different tasks. Thereby the chair of Busi- are combined in the Red Adair Reac- ness Computing, especially CIM, is invol- tion Toolkit. ved in the following tasks: ACDC-partner Continental plans to  T2100 – Dynamic Supply Loops implement a large number of the devel- In this task coordination processes oped methods. Some of them have are developed which harmonize plan- already been implemented during the ning and control processes of network project. To validate the collaborative partners. This ensures consistency forecasting results the chair of Business of plans and high quality results. Computing, especially CIM, develops a The Dynamic Supply Loops combine demonstrator named OOPUS-ACDC. methods developed in the other tasks The framework for this is provided by Structure of the Red Adair Reaction Toolkit of the work package. OOPUS WEB, an object-oriented pro-  T2200 – Collaborative Demand duction planning and control software Prediction developed by the chair. The objective of Collaborative processes and methods OOPUS-ACDC is to demonstrate the for demand prediction are developed ideal use and benefit of various ACDC in this task. They serve as a basis methods on a practical example. In for the planning within the Dynamic the considered setting the effect of ex- Supply Loops. Thereby various kinds changing relevant planning information of cooperation between different between two partners of the network is partners in the network are defined demonstrated. Thereby information about through a collaborative staircase. For planned future working days of the cus- every step of the staircase processes tomer is exchanged in different levels of and methods for collaborative fore- detail through specific ACDC message casting are developed. types. The economic crisis has shown

T2300 – Planning Consistency that this information was not available for In this task message formats are many suppliers early enough. The effects developed to enable an efficient of information on the forecasting quality communication within the Dynamic are shown by an integrated forecasting Supply Loops. Therefore a message- tool. For the demonstration various stand- service was developed which is used ard forecasting methods are compared to as a basis for every communication the collaborative forecasting.

Contact: Dipl.-Wirt.-Inf. Daniel Brüggemann E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 26

Dr. rer.-pol. Dipl.-Inform. Andre Döring E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 69 12

Dipl.-Wirt.-Inf. Tobias Rust E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 65 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 83

http://www.hni.uni-paderborn.de/cim Use case for the OOPUS-ACDC demonstrator Business Computing, especially CIM 29

Production planning under uncertainty Conception of an online algorithm for scheduling

Mathematical optimization is one of both approaches offer either positive the fundamental methods of operations as well as negative characteristics. The research and is commonly described practical suitability of the latter approach by computing the optimal solution of seems to be more obvious. Therefore it a mathematical model. Many years of will be used as a basis for extension with research in this sector revealed multiple ideas of the competitive analysis to com- application areas concerning production bine the advantages. planning. The known expertise will be the basis Classical (offline) optimization is char- for transferring online optimization to a acterized by the fact that any of the data more complex and realistic real world required to solve the problem has to be application. This application is defined by known exactly in advance. Unfortunately, the problem of cost optimal schedules, these problems are more the exception lot sizes and shift models in a batch than the rule. Although a forecast could production. Based on the demands of be done, this does not reveal the future the customers, the human resources and will not lead to an optimal solution, as well as the chronologic, quantitative because of its unconsidered faultiness. and local allocation of the production The online optimization tries to incorpo- orders have to be estimated. Because rate the uncertainty explicitly during the of the interdependences between the optimization. As a result, an online algo- planning steps, the problem would be rithm has to optimize the performance already hard to solve optimal for the of the solution while the decisions are offline case. The task will be tackled by Elements of the solution approach based on imperfect information. developing a mathematical model for an Basically two approaches can be existing production system. Elementary distinguished. The competitive analysis cost types like the costs of production tries to maximize the performance of the and the holding costs will define the opti- solution not considering how the future mization criteria in form of an objective actually develops. It is targeted only upon function, whereas the characteristics the worst case. Usually the performance of the production system are modeled of the solution in every other case does with constraints. After that, an online not matter. An alternative approach is algorithm will be developed that allows a to accomplish an optimization based on trade-off between expected performance stochastic information, which delivers and reliability. Therefore this approach a robust solution depending on the set will offer a basis for decision-making in of scenarios. Either the reduction of the which the expertise of the planner could complexity of a concrete scenario as well be included. The subsequent simulation as the scenario space complexity is criti- will show the performance of the results cal. If the stochastic ought to be secon- of the algorithm in different represent- dary the definition of the scenario space ative cases and offers a differentiated could be significantly influenced by the judgment of its capability. readiness to assume risk. In conclusion

Contact: Dipl.-Wirt.-Inf. Stefan Kloepfer E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 31 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 83

Possible result of the scheduling http://www.hni.uni-paderborn.de/cim 30 Workgroup

Controlled Model Simplification Creating Models for efficient Material Flow Simulation

Models in material flow simulation are of the attempt to simplify a complex model growing size and level of detail, mainly part by a set of simplification rules (cp. caused by the growing experience in Figure bottom). Achieving a change of simulation application. The computa- model properties, a temporary model part tional resources necessary to simulate is created. Its complexity is calculated such complex models are high and still and compared with the original model‘s runtime is long. Experimenting with according part. If reduced sufficiently those models is inefficient, especially if according to a target value, the behav- multiple system configurations shall be ioral deviation is also calculated by com- Results of the Controlled Simplification analyzed. paring key figures of simulation data after To reduce the overall runtime, the simulating both models. If the deviation complexity of the simulation model has stays below a target value, the temporary to be reduced. Model parts of reduced model part is the desired simplification. complexity are used if they are not in Could the target values for complexity the actual analysis focus and have less and behavioral deviation not be met in impact on the model‘s behavior. By this, one of the measurement steps, an itera- the model‘s complexity as a whole is re- tive feedback loop creates an additional duced. Each model simplification never- model, attemping to adjust the simplifi- theless comes along with a change in cation. To realize this control concept two model behavior. This deviation between metrics were created, eachfor complexity the simplified and original model in- and behavioral deviation. Model simpli- creases with the extend of simplification. fication is done by using the methods Thus it is reasonable to create a stepwise aggregation and omission. The aggrega- method and models with the desired tion of model components is defined by a combination of complexity and behav- rule-set, each relevant for a certain set of ioral deviation. The use of simplified components in model structures. These model parts was expensive manual oper- rules define, how sets of components can ation and required simulation experts to be substituted by smaller sets with only accomplish. Thus a system was devel- a slight change in the model behavior. oped for the automatic simplification of Rules for omission are also defined by a an original model of high complexity and rule set, defining the significance of com- the creation of simplified model parts. ponents for model behavior. If the signifi- cance is judged to be small, components Concept can be excluded from the model. The simplification is embedded in a two stage control loop of complexity and Results behavioral deviation measurement. The The trajectories of the controlled simplifi- first iteration of the method starts with cation of three test models are shown in the figure above. Model A and C have a residual complexity of 45% at a behavioral devia- tion of approx. 5%. The high- est simplification was achieved with a residual complexity of 19% and a behavioral deviation of 13%. So models with high simpli- fication and low behavioral deviation can be created, Contact: though all results are very Dr. rer. pol. Dipl.-Wirt.-Ing. Daniel Huber E-mail: [email protected] model dependant. Controlled Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 50 simplification is able to create Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 83 simplified model parts with http://www.hni.uni-paderborn.de/cim Draft of the Simplification Control Loop realistic properties. Business Computing, especially CIM 31

Trained Rules for Scheduling A Knowledge-Based Method for Rule Selection

Problem Statement Solution Approach Although Job-Shops and Flexible Flow- The developed system is based on the Shops have been researched for many method developed by Giffler and Thomp- years, control methods for practical use son. Their approach had to be corrected are still missing. Control decisions within and enlarged for the types of production production systems are required every systems that are handled here. To ensure time when more than one job can be a good resolution of the generated con- processed at the same time on one flict set of alternative jobs, a machine machine or one job can be processed learning procedure was integrated. Activity diagram of the control method by more than one machine. Therefore, Using the description of the scheduling the creation of work orders is one of the situation by attributes, this procedure essential parts within the production generates the decision for the best fitting planning and control process. The so priority rule for the situation. When doing called scheduling is the creation and so, the route through the solution space implementation of eradication sequences was controlled in a way, that only one for jobs, resulting in a plan of procedures. path, which leads to a good solution, This is the instruction of the time based has to be passed. For doing so, proto- production process workflow, the assign- typical attributes has been developed. ment of jobs to machines. Also, adequate priority rules has been Due to the uncertainties within a selected and respectively developed. production system schedules could For the training of the knowledge-based Fisher-Thompson-06-problem benchmark results very often not be handled as they were decision method the time period in front planned. Unplanned events can lead to of the active production systems was an inappropriate situation in such a way used. Exemplarily training solutions were that a planned schedule is not feasible calculated. Amongst others, optimizing any more. Rescheduling is the process to methods and the material flow simulator update or renew an existing schedule. It d3FACT insight has been used to generate is the production planner’s task to handle training solutions. rescheduling circumstances. They have to quickly generate a solution within dynam- Results ic and stochastic production systems. In The developed method has been evalu- such kind of production systems, the cre- ated using standard benchmark problems ation of a good solution is hard. For this and was able to consistently generate reason, there are intensive simulations good results. Comparison to alternative within production planning, regarding solution methods show, that, regard- to the workflow, before the production ing the target function, the developed process starts. But during the production method generates better solutions. The process there is just an assertion and method’s necessary calculation times are control of hard coded rules. For this rea- seconds and therefore much lower than son, a research project at the group of the times used by the reference or train- business computing, esp. CIM was start- ing methods. The evaluation shows the ed. A method for the creation and eval- capability of the developed. uation of decision rules, before the start as well as during the running phase of a production system, to generate adequate rescheduling decisions online has been developed.

Contact: Dr. rer. pol. Dipl.-Wirt.-Inf. Mark Aufenanger E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 62 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 83

http://www.hni.uni-paderborn.de/cim 32 Workgroup

Industry Cooperation Freudenberg Household Products

Like many industries, consumer goods related parameters as well as stockpoints industries find themselves exposed to and stock levels optimally for any given an increasing pressure for product differ- assortment. The results of this optimiza- entiation. International manufacturers tion step than serve as the basis for more try to meet customer preferences by sound what-if analysis. offering products and packaging variants The prerequisite for this approach is tailored to their different target markets. a formal model of arbitrary assortments The increasing assortment complexity is with their product structure and produc- known to have considerable effects on tion and distribution processes. On the the underlying production and distribu- basis of this model, potential assort- tion system. With respect to the costs ments changes can be defined as alter- incurred, effects in production planning native assortment scenarios. The applica- and inventory management are of major tion of the optimization methods to both Caption: Optimization and cost analysis in interest here as an increasing number of the baseline model as well as alternative Complana materials on the production and distribu- scenarios creates a set of optimized net- tion stages incurs both additional setup works that can be used for comparative and scrap costs during production exe- cost analyses. This allows determining cution as well as additional inventories. the effects of increasing or decreasing The requirement for higher safety stock assortment complexity more precisely levels can partly be attributed to the fact for specific cases. The optimized models that sales forecasts become less accurate provide decision-relevant information with an increasing number of variants both about the expected cost effects as and thus all planning has to consider well as about the required changes in higher degrees of demand uncertainty. the configuration of the production and Existing approaches to assess these distribution network. For example, we cost effects often neglect that changes can decide whether central warehouse of assortment affect the optimal configu- concepts become favorable after certain ration of the production and distribution product standardization measures. processes in the first place. Both in case This concept was implemented in of product standardization as well as the prototype decision support system assortment extensions parameters like Complana (Complexity Analyser) and is Caption: Visualization of the production and dis- lot sizes, production cycles, stockpoints currently used in pilot projects within tribution network for a given assortment. and stock levels have to be adapted to Freudenberg Household Products KG ensure a cost optimal configuration of (FHP). FHP is a globally acting company the underlying production and distribu- that sells most of their products under tion system. Only after this configuration the main brand Vileda. The structure is known, the costs incurred by a given and processes of this global production assortment can be assessed correctly. and distribution network is mainly deter- Against this background, the working mined by the country-specific product group Business Computing, esp. CIM, in and packaging variants. In this context, cooperation with Freudenberg Household the effects of assortment changes in the Products KG, developed a new approach cloth assortment with respect to global to assess the effects of assortment inventory management and production complexity. This approach uses exact as processes at the production site in Ger- well as heuristic optimization methods many are analyzed. Project Partner: Freudenberg Household Products KG to determine a number of production-

Contact: Dr. rer. pol. Dipl.-Wirt.-Inf. Christoph Danne E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 86 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 83

http://www.hni.uni-paderborn.de/cim Business Computing, especially CIM 33

Optimal component commonality Use of component commonality to reduce costs in the production process

In the past years, the number of different variants of cars has increase significantly. More and more car types, especially crossover cars, and new special equip- ment raise the variant diversity tremen- dously. On the one hand, this increase of variants leads to a higher customer satisfaction, but, on the other hand, it causes serious problems in production and logistics. Optimizing the component commonality is one possibility to reduce Commonality: same functional range with less different parts. the complexity caused by the high variant diversity. vant patterns of cost. By increasing the By increasing the component com- component commonality, the effort of monality, the number of components buying the components decreases. Fur- decreases while the possible choices thermore, there are fewer negotiations to the customer can make stays the same. be made and the effort for quality checks Component commonality means using decreases. The second cost pattern the same component in different car evaluates the economies of scale which types (e.g. in a BMW type 3 and type 5) or occur because of the purchase of a higher in different variants of one car type, even number of common components instead if these variants have different demands of the purchase of the various orig- on the component. In both cases, the inal variant components. Two functions component has to fulfill the requirements describe these two cost patterns. of the superior car and, thus, leads to In contrast, the interrelation between higher material costs in all inferior cars. costs and both production and logistics Moreover, component commonality tends is much more complicated. It is rather to result in an increasing weight in some impossible to find functions that describe variants. Now, the problem is to find all these interrelations because even very components that should be combined small changes in the product structure to common components. Therefore, the can lead to big cost shifts and the other additional material costs are confronted way round. Therefore, a detailed planning with the reduction of costs in production of the production and logistic processes and logistics and the cost-optimum has is necessary for every different level of to be found. While the estimation of the component commonality. Hence, a hierar- increasing material costs turns out to be chical optimization model is developed quite easy, it is difficult to determine the which designs an optimal structure for economies of increasing component com- production and logistics and calculates monality. the corresponding costs. Hence, the change of costs of manu- Finally, a heuristic has to be devel- facture in production, logistics, engineer- oped to achieve a good level of compo- ing and buying department has to be nent commonality. This heuristic changes identified. In the engineering department, the level of component commonality until a functional interrelation between the a good but not necessarily optimal solu- number of components that have to tion is found. Throughout this process, be designed and the correlating costs the functions described above and the has to be found. This function has to be hierarchical optimization model are used monotonically increasing because the to evaluate each solution. The results are less components have to be engineered used to find the next, potentially better the less work there is to be done. In the solution and, in the end, reach a good Contact: Dipl. -Wirt.-Ing. Marcel Helmdach buying department there are two rele- level of component commonality. E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 99 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 83

http://www.hni.uni-paderborn.de/cim 34 Workgroup

Product Engineering Product Engineering

Recognizing and Exploiting Success Potentials of Tomorrow Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jürgen Gausemeier

Product and production process innovations are important levers for ensuring prosperity and employment in the future. Mechanical engineering and related areas, such as automotive industry, are playing a key role today. These sectors likewise demonstrate the relevant success potentials of the future. It is essential to identify these potentials early and to exploit them on time.

E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251 | 60-6267, -6266 Fax: +49 (0) 5251 | 60-6268 http://www.hni.uni-paderborn.de/pe Product Engineering 35

Information and communication tech-  Production System Planning nology do not just result in an increase The focus lies in the strategic concep- Zukunftsorien- tierte Unterneh- of production – but also in the creation tion of production systems for mecha- mensgestaltung of new products and new markets. Our tronic products. This conception is — Strategien, Geschäftsprozesse general aim is to increase the innovative characterized by the interplay of proc- und IT-Systeme für strength of industrial companies in the ess planning, place of work planning, die Produktion von morgen. Carl Han- information age. Baring this in mind, we production resource planning and ser Verlag, 2009 develop methods and procedures on the production logistics. basis of a 4-Level-Model.  Virtual Reality, Augmented

 Strategic Planing and Innovation Reality and Simulation Management Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Basic aim is the analysis of the prod- Reality (AR) are key technologies of Vernetzte Produkt- entwicklung — Ein uct’s requirements for the future mar- Virtual Prototyping. Furthermore, they systematischer Hand- ket. Basically, it is about anticipating facilitate a fast comprehension of lungsleitfaden für den Aufbau eines internet- the development of technology and products in need of explanation and basierten Wissens- markets, as well as product and busi- complex technical systems. managements für die ness strategies. When it comes to implementing these Produktentwicklung. Carl Hanser Verlag, services in practice, the UNITY AG is the  Design Methodology for Mechatronic 2006 Systems first point of contact. More than 150 This level involves the interdisci- employees are pleased to assist you. plinary design and specification of (www.unity.de)

mechatronic systems, methods for The aim of our seminars is to supply Planung der Produkte increasing the reliability of such sys- our students with a comprehensive over- und Fertigungssys- tems as well as development hand view of modern industrial companies, in teme für die Märkte von morgen. books on products that contain new order to highlight the success potentials VDMA-Verlag, 2004 technologies, such as the MID-tech- of the future and to illustrate ways of nology (Molded Interconnect achieving those potentials. Our students Devices). gain the expertise that is necessary for an industrial career of the future.

Produktinnovation — Ein Handbuch für die Strategische Pla- nung und Entwicklung der Produkte von morgen. Carl Hanser Verlag, 2001

4-Level-Model showing future-oriented business management 36 Workgroup

Strategic product planning in practice Definition of new products for the Hermann Sewerin GmbH, Gütersloh

Within the field of search for gas- and the result of that project. From all those water leakage as well as pipe and object ideas, 18 promising ideas have been locating, the Hermann Sewerin GmbH identified systematically by the use of an acquired a leading position on the idea-funnel. These ideas have been con- world market. This position needs to be cretized in the detailing of a development maintained and extended internationally. request. Out of these, ten ideas have Therefore, the aim to cooperate with been transferred into the development’s the Heinz Nixdorf Institute has been a master plan for the next years. success-promising future product portfo- lio. Hence, the development projects for Development and Establishment of an future products had to be defined. The innovation process establishment of an innovation process The systematics of strategic product plan- should contribute to perpetuate strategic ning proved itself within the Hermann product planning in companies and to Sewerin GmbH and is supported by the implement it into companies’ leading company’s employees. The development processes. and advancement of an innovation proc- ess served as a continuation and exten- Strategic product planning in equipment sion of the one-time run process. In order engineering to do that, a target innovation process Strategic product planning character- has been developed by using all existing izes the process from anticipating future processes. The process was modelled success potentials to success-promising using the method OMEGA. The process product-conceptions. It shows the four ranges from anticipating potentials up User localizating gas leakages task functions: anticipating future poten- to the market launch. It involves proc- tials, discovering of products, business ess steps, milestones, responsibilities, planning and conceptual design. For methods and instruments. Severin, the choice of promising product ideas was of great importance as well as “By the systematic and target-oriented work of the employees of the Heinz Nixdorf Institute, a procedure, which leads to a reproduc- we have been able to set a course for the ible afterwards. Therefore the analysis product development of the following years only within 6 months of work. The innovation of current businesses and the potential process guarantees that we will profi t from of already existing products provided a that systematic procedure in the future and basis. Moreover, scenarios of future gas that we will achieve our growth target.” and water supply have been developed. Dr. Swen Hermann Sewerin, 64 product and business ideas were executive director, Hermann Sewerin GmbH

Project Partner: Hermann Sewerin GmbH, Gütersloh

Contact: Dipl.-Wirt.-Ing. Volker Brink E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 64

Dipl.-Wirt.-Ing. Felix Reymann E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 64 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 68

http://www.hni.uni-paderborn.de/pe Exemplary business process of the innovation process Product Engineering 37

The future of industrial image processing Study for the VDMA Group “Machine Vision”

Machine Vision is the technology of arti- Regular forecast made easy ficial vision. Using cameras and informa- The topic “The future of the industrial tion processing, machines gain the ability image processing” will remain of impor- to recognize objects and to evaluate them tance in the agenda of the VDMA Group by several inspection features. “Machine Vision” after the study’s finish. An online-based information basis has New fields of application gain importance been provided in order to guarantee the Machine vision systems are well estab- transfer of the study’s results into the lished within the automobile and electri- companies of the industrial machine cal industry. However, potentials become vision as well as to allow a continuous apparent within hardly explored fields, updating of the study’s content. It allows such as agricultural engineering. This a quick development of scenarios for is what the study “The future of image yet un-considered fields of application processing” takes as a starting point. It as well as the adjustment of the devel- shows which chances will be offered to oped scenarios for company-specific companies of industrial image processing circumstances. During that in agricultural and three other fields of application in engineering process the user is led, step the future. First of all 36 trends from the by step, through the scenario develop- fields of “new fields of application”, “new ment. It combines the factors which are The future of industrial image processing technologies”, “new business models” provided within the information basis as well as “new markets” have been with company specific information and identified and prioritized. The selected so it results in company-specific, signifi- fields of application have been deduced cant scenarios which create the basis for by that and they have been examined by a well-founded strategic planning. The a group of 50 experts from both industry expense of the scenario development is and science. On the basis of the experts’ reduced to a minimum by the providing survey, todays and tomorrow’s applica- of developed scenarios as well as 61 de- tion possibilities of machine vision have scribed factors. been described in 60 characteristics. One of these descriptions characterizes optical steering systems of agricultural machines. Those systems are currently advancing fast because they allow the user to optimize their driveway and so to cultivate their agricultural areas more efficiently. In order to design tomorrows businesses successfully, future devel- opments in relevant markets need to be anticipated. Therefore, the study Hand-guided camera for data recording describes image processing scenarios (Source: VDMA) in the chosen fields of applications in the year 2015. It also shows chances for the further use of image processing. The Project Partners: VDMA Group study results in recommendations as “Machine Vision” well as skills, which will be decisive for companies working with machine vision, in order to make them successful in the Contact: Dipl.-Wirt.-Ing. Martin Kokoschka markets of tomorrow. E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 65

Dipl.-Wirt.-Ing. Tobias Bensiek E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 26 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 68 Operating image processing system (Source: VDMA) http://www.hni.uni-paderborn.de/pe 38 Workgroup

Collaborative Research Centre 614 Subproject B2 “Design Methodology” New Approaches for the Design of Complex Technical Systems

The Collaborative Research Centre 614 following concretization the experts of (CRC) “Self-Optimizing Concepts and Struc- each domain develop their discipline spe- tures in Mechanical Engineering”, estab- cific aspects in parallel. That results in a lished in 2002, is one of the main projects high effort of voting and coordinating. of the Heinz Nixdorf Institute. The subproj- New tools are needed in order to manage ect B2 combines all subprojects’ results the associated high complexity. Hence, a into one comprehensive Design Metho- new process visualizer has been imple- dology (Chairmen: Professor Gausemeier, mented which illustrates complex devel- Professor Schäfer). Aim of the subproject opment processes and results clearly RailCab of the “Neue Bahntechnik Paderborn” is to create an instrument which enables (see figure on the left) in order to, e.g. run third parties to develop self-optimizing reviews. systems. Therefore, the project focuses on a specification technique of a domain- Domain-spanning Specification of the spanning conceptual design of intelligent Principle Solution mechatronic systems as well as an ade- The Principle Solution of a technical quate procedure model. system consists of the aspects require- ments, environment, system of objec- Procedure tives, application scenarios, functions, The development of self-optimizing active structure, shape and behavior. systems can be divided into the domain- Those aspects need to be described and spanning conceptual design and the to be represented as partial models com- Evaluation of results of single development domain-specific concretization. During puter-internally. Furthermore, the rela- activities at the process visualizer. It is shown a part of the RailCab’s development process which the conceptual design, experts from tions between the partial models need basically consists of 850 development steps the domains Mechanical Engineering, to be represented. For example we need and 900 development objects. Electrical Engineering, Control and Soft- to model, which system elements fulfill ware Engineering develop the principle which functions. The specification of the solution in a team. The principle solu- principle solution is the basis for the tion defines the basic structure and the developers’ communication and coopera- system’s mode of operation. During the tion during the process of concretization.

Supported by: German Research Foundation

Contact: Dipl.-Wirt.-Ing. Sascha Kahl E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 59 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 68 Partial models for the domain-spanning description of the principle solution of mechatronic and self- http://www.sfb614.de optimizing systems Product Engineering 39

Collaborative Research Centre (CRC) 614 Subproject B3 “Virtual Prototyping” Virtual Experimental Environment for the Analysis of Self-Optimizing Systems

The subproject B3 aims in new interac- The VR Technology lets the user immerge tion, presentation and analysis tech- into a virtual world. This is used, for niques for the conceptual design and example, in order to analyze a technical the validation of self-optimizing systems system’s behavior. One example for that by making use of the Augmented Reality is the camber adjustment chassis which Technology (AR) and the Virtual Reality has been developed within the frame of Technology (VR). These technologies the RailCab project. It can guide actively explain the behavior of such systems to and can camber its wheels according to the experts in a descriptive way of pres- the track course. The chassis has been entation. That project is carried out in simulated in a virtual environment in cooperation with Professor Rammig. which the user can follow his drive on a virtual test track. The behavior, for exam- AR and VR Technologies for the Analysis ple the camber angle and the steering of Self-Optimizing Systems angle, is displayed by a graphic annota- The previous work had its focus on the tion. development of an innovative experi- mental and visualization structure which Visualization agents make Virtual allows making use of the AR and VR Tech- Prototyping easy nology in simulated and real systems. The Visualization agents are software agents AR Technology augments the perception which “know” which graphic descrip- of the reality with computer-generated tion can be used for the analysis of a Visualization of a simulated RailCab on the test information. One example is the analysis technical aspect. In order to realize the track. An additional color-code shows, e.g. the of the formation and ride of convoys of connection technically a method in order quality of control. the RailCab (Neue Bahntechnik Pader- to link models automatically is devel- born). The AR has been used to visualize oped which combines models which are simulated RailCabs in a Hardware-in-the- necessary for the analysis and their vari- loop convoy which consists of simulated ables. Therefore, the basis is a semantic and real RailCabs. The user observes network which describes the variables the RailCab test track on a large-scaled of the Self-Optimizing system and the display which shows a video image of Visualization semantically. Both of the the test track. The video image is overlaid described methods are integrated into a with 3D models of the simulated Rail- virtual environment and they allow the Cabs. The user has the impression as if virtual protection of the Self-Optimizing the RailCabs drove on the test track. system’s functions.

Presentation of the camber and steering angle on the virtual model of the camber adjustment chassis

Supported by: German Research Foundation

Contact: Dr.-Ing. Rafael Radkowski E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 28 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 68

Autonomous Visualizing Agents offer best description modes for specifi c analysis http://www.sfb614.de 40 Workgroup

wearIT@work Wearable Computing solutions with Augmented Reality

Within the EU-project “wearIT@work” ted in the survey: “From Wearable Com- (www.wearitatwork.com) Wearable Com- puting to Augmented Reality” which has puting solutions have been developed been carried out cooperatively with the in the fields of health care, emergency UNITY AG. response, aircraft maintenance and auto- mobile production from 2004 to 2009. Process Model of AR-Integration Wearable Computers are integrated into A process model has been developed in clothes and objects of daily use (e.g. order to integrate AR in Wearable comput- watches or belts) and they allow a quick, ing solutions. That describes the main location independent access to the IT- steps of the development of Wearable systems of a company. Such systems Augmented Reality Systems: Require- reduce the interaction between user and ments Analysis, Conceptual Design, system to a minimum by collecting and Implementation, Integration and Tests. presenting task-relevant information During the first step requirements are automatically. Therefore, the user’s cur- determined and a basic concept is estab- rent action is detected by using body- lished, which is evaluated by its technical worn sensors. Based on their signals the and economical feasibility. During the Wearable Computer loads relevant data Conceptual Design the basic concept The survey offers an introduction into the basic technologies of Wearable Augmented Reality and and presents it on a display device. Here, is concretized to a specification of the identifies potentials of this technology in four the information is presented in forms of design, which consists of the Storyboard, application scenarios. From Wearable Computing to Augmented Reality. text, images or video. the AR-specific interaction concepts as ISBN 978-3-935433-96-9 well as the system’s architecture. During AR application potentials for Wearable the Implementation existing components Computing solutions are functionally advanced and, if neces- By using Augmented Reality (AR) the sary, new components are implement- benefit of Wearable Computing Systems ed. Those are combined into the entire can be increased immensely: With AR system during the Integration. 3D-models are shown context-sensitively This process model has been used in into the user’s field-of-view in order to the application fields of assembly instruc- present complex issues in a way that they tion, aircraft maintenance, ward rounds can be understood intuitively. The com- in hospitals and emergency response. bination of AR and Wearable Computing Especially the assembly training and the (Wearable Augmented Reality) seems aircraft maintenance showed great poten- promising. That potential is demonstra- tials of beeing enhanced by AR.

Wearable Computer facilitate the access to digit- al patient data.

Supported by: European Commission

Contact: Dipl.-Inform. Sven Kreft E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 33 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 68 The Wearable Computing Interaction paradigm: The system provides information automatically, depending on http://www.hni.uni-paderborn.de/pe the user’s action and the condition of the environment. Product Engineering 41

VireS Evaluation of costs and robustness on the basis of the conceptual design of product and production system

The prevailing market and competitive The instrument consists of a process situation requires companies to develop model, a domain-spanning specifica- and produce their products fastly and tion technique for the description of the cost-efficiently. Often the used manufac- principle solution of the product and the turing technologies highly determine the production system, methods for the eval- product concept. Today these dependen- uation and a knowledge base. It is devel- cies are not considered adequately. This oped in four cross-section projects. results in time-consuming and cost inten- The specification technique and the sive iteration loops. Therefore product evaluation methods are realized in soft- and production system have to be devel- ware. A modelling tool allows the creation oped in interplay from the beginning. of computer-internal models of the princi- The objective of the BMBF cooperative ple solution. The information, included in project VireS (Virtuelle Synchronisation the models, is transferred to the evalua- von Produktentwicklung und Produkti- tion tools. It forms the basis for the evalu- onssystementwicklung) is an instrument ation of costs and robustness. Demonstrator of Océ Printing Systems: LED for the integrative development of prod- The methodology is validated in four image generator (below) and high-speed produc- tion printer (above) uct and production system at an early ambitious industrial projects. design stage. This is combined with an  Behr: chiller module for the use in oil analysis and evaluation of development cooler of passenger cars and manufacturing costs as well as the  Océ: LED image generator for high- robustness against changes and disturb- speed production printer ances. Time-consuming iteration loops in  Seuffer: fan control electronics for subsequent development stages can be automobile cooling fans avoided by that.  Wincor Nixdorf: monofunction cash dispenser for outdoor and lobby installations

Supported by: Federal Ministry of Education and Research

Project Management Agency: Projektträger Karlsruhe (PTKA)

Project Partners: Prof. Dr.-Ing. G. Lanza, Institut für Produktions- technik (Karlsruher Institut für Technologie) Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Lindemann, Lehrstuhl für Produktentwicklung (TU München) BizT@lk AG itemis AG UNITY AG Behr GmbH & Co. KG Océ Printing Systems GmbH Robert Seuffer GmbH & Co. KG Wincor Nixdorf International GmbH

Contact: Dipl.-Ing. Rinje Brandis E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 35 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 62 68

Interaction of the instruments http://www.hni.uni-paderborn.de/pe 42 Workgroup

Computers and Society Computers and Society

Co-active Knowledge Work – A Trend in the Working World Prof. Dr.-Ing. Reinhard Keil The research group Computers and Society deals with appli- cation-oriented, but not application-specific concepts and methods for the design of computing systems. The term knowledge work represents such an application-oriented concept that is not specifically tied to a particular application domain. In using such concepts we strictly obey the product- process-complementarity, i.e. we distinguish thoroughly be- tween aspects and features of the creation or development process and those of the outcome or result, i.e. the product.

E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251 | 60 64 11 Fax: +49 (0) 5251 | 60 64 14 http://www.hni.uni-paderborn.de/iug Computers and Society 43

Knowledge work starts where anticipa- integration into the university’s service ration with another company “Stahl tion and detailed planning fail; it is in- infrastructure, esp. the central campus – Partner für Bäcker” we develop a herently tied to understanding and learn- management system PAUL and the prepa- co-active learning environment to be ing. Groups and individuals explore the ration for a spin off company that will mar- used by bakeries with many chain design space by constructing specific ket systems and services for knowledge stores to foster learning processes as artifacts such as documents, sketches, work in general and the koaLA system in well as communication processes models etc. These artifacts embody their particular. among the employees of the regionally knowledge and interests only to a very Another milestone in the domain of distributed stores. limited extent. If, for example, a docu- eLearning was the signing of a 5-year ed- The most important project, how- ment is hierarchically structured this does ucational partnership between the District ever, is the DAWINCI project. Together not imply that it must be written in a hier- Government Detmold and the University with seven industrial partners from archical manner (e.g. top down). In fact, of Paderborn. The goal of the project en- the chemical industry and private edu- intermediate stages of that document and titled “Dialogue 2.0 – Sharing Knowledge cational institutions we are working on the sequence or their development stages Supporting Region” is to establish and improving the permeability in the vo- may vary considerably and deviate from maintain a network of virtual educational cational educational system of the the final structure even when this hierar- spaces which allow public and private chemical industry. Our research group chy provides sort of a guiding principle. organizations or companies and schools is the consortium manager of the proj- The crucial question then is to identify in to cooperate with each other. The techni- ect and develops an ePortfolio man- what ways technical functions may sup- cal basis for this regional dialogue is the agement system for handling individ- port this kind of knowledge work. Hence, platform “bid-owl” that was developed by ual learning biographies and docu- the primary scope of our research is not our group and will be further enhanced ment qualifications and competencies knowledge or the modeling of knowledge in the project. Finally, we developed in obtained. This work is complemented itself, but how specific technical environ- the context of LARS (a project to support by the research group Work and Or- ments and circumstances may support pupils whose parents are continuously ganizational Psychology of the Univer- the creation and creative use of know- moving due to professional demands) sity of Paderborn. ledge. a new concept of virtual mobile desks Finally, research is still going on in With respect to basic research, we (Mokodesks). the domain of conceptual and spatial were successful in establishing an inter- Within companies there is a growing representation of knowledge. It is car- disciplinary graduate school entitled concern for supporting knowledge work ried out in cooperation with the Insti- “Automatisms”. This school provides the as well. We work together with Daimler tute of Philosophy of the University of framework for an interdisciplinary dis- AG to find new ways to cooperate in New Paderborn. Two doctoral thesis are course addressing media-related issues Product Development (NPD) by providing close to completion here. in particular. On a strategic level, our re- functions for co-active support. In coope- search group was involved in writing a development strategy and research pro- posal for University of Paderborn to par- ticipate in the national competition “Excellence in Teaching” announced by the Association for the Promotion of Sci- ence and Humanities in Germany (Stifter- verband für die Deutsche Wissenschaft) and the Conference of German Cultural Ministers (Kultusministerkonferenz). The proposal entitled “From Learning to Know- ledge Work – Individual Development of Competencies in the University of the Information Age” was selected from 107 proposals together with 12 other universi- ties for final public presentation. In the domain of eLearning we basi- cally consolidated the koaLA system (co- active Learning and Working), the central eLerning platform of the University of Paderborn. This work included a better Service-oriented architecture for co-active knowledge work 44 Workgroup

koPEP Cooperative New Product Development

New Product Development (NPD) encom- This has been confirmed by contemporary passes all activities needed for driving empirical research on NPD. a product from its first idea to start of In order to improve the quality and ap- series production. Two important inher- plicability of formal NPD processes, the ent characteristics of NPD processes are koPEP-Project aims at the derivation of their high division of labour, as well as a decentralized Community-based ap- their information and knowledge inten- proach for a holistic management of for- sity. New Product Development is not mal NPD processes. Within the project, a only about Engineering, but can also be Wikimanagement IT-platform consisting Formal NPD processes, for instance of the Axor seen as a dynamic social process due of different process-oriented Web 2.0 2544, serve as an intersubjective basis of understanding for the different parties involved. to interaction and coordination of the software tools (Wiki, Social Network, File (Source: Daimler AG, Stuttgart) different functional departments (e.g., Sharing etc.) was implemented at Daimler Engineering, Manufacturing, Controlling, Trucks during a development phase of etc.) participating in NPD. One instrument 12 months. Design and implementation employed for the reduction of complexity of this approach was carried out in close in an NPD project are formal NPD proc- collaboration with Group of Informatics esses. Such formalized processes are a and Society of the Heinz Nixdorf Institute. representation of the product develop- The Wikimanagement IT-platform for ment process and describe what has to formal NPD processes is currently evalu- be done by whom and when under which ated in a pilot phase at Daimler Trucks. (cross-)functional dependencies. Formal It is expected that this research will NPD processes do not only serve as an add insights to the hypothesis-directed instrument for planning, steering and design of Wikimanagement-Systems. reporting of NPD projects, but also as a Research papers from the project are discursive anchor – an intersubjective equently published on an international basis of understanding – for the different level. parties involved in an NPD project.

Project Partner: Daimler AG Stuttgart

Contact: Dipl.-Inform. Andreas Oberhoff E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 65 14

Dipl.-Inform., M.Sc. Kai Holzweißig E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 160|868 0346 Fax: +49 (0) 711|177 902 0197

http://www.hni.uni-paderborn.de/iug Wikimanagement IT-platform for formal NPD processes according to Holzweißig (2009) Computers and Society 45

DAWINCI Transparency for Industrial Training and Education within the Chemical Industry

Beginning 1st of March, the DAWINCI develop a competence model that project, which will last three years and is assures the connectability of the lear- led by the University of Paderborn began ners‘ performance. its work. Its goal, as indicated in the build a learning portfolio management project‘s official title, which translates system that supports the require- freely to “Transparency for Industrial ments for the documentation of indi- Training and Education within the Chemi- vidual learning careers as well as their cal Industry”, is to build and implement embedment into existing educational a concept for improving the connections structures. between professional skills and educatio- By meeting these goals, especially by nal qualifications within the educational fulfilling the organizational, conceptual institutions of the chemical industry. and technical integration of content, Since the implementation of the Bolo- competences and new ways of teaching Homepage of the project platform gna process in Europe, problems with the and learning, a crucial step towards transparency of the educational process more transparency within the chemical have become a big issue. Instead of industry‘s educational system is to be defining complete, well coordinated and taken. self-contained curricula, the possibility Professor Schaper‘s research group, of creating individual ways of learning which is also located at the University of comes into focus. As a consequence of Paderborn, cares about competence ana- the ongoing modularization of the edu- lysis and diagnostics. He and his team cation process, the connections between develop a common competence model the respective modules, which still have for chemical professions. Meanwhile, the Partners of the DAWINCI project to be developed and documented, are Computers and Society group is responsi- changing. To make this possible, we ble for the implementation of the general

identify contents, which are relevant structure with a special focus on their for connecting educational careers, portfolio solution. By participating in this wrap them into multimedia units and project, the chemical industry will be able then integrate them into a teaching to cope with rising demands in times of and learning environment. rising skills shortage by switching to more

fulfill the technical and organisational flexible ways of education. requirements that make a web based implementation possible.

Supported by: Federal Ministry of Education and Research

Contact: Dipl.-Inform. Dominik Niehus E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 15 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 14

3-phase project plan http://www.dawinci-projekt.de 46 Workgroup

Contextual Tagging Identifying new support functions for knowledge work

Today‘s learning and work processes do Contextual tagging require a wide-ranging support of digital As part of this joint project, a research media in various forms and uses. For approach to integrate tagging into virtual knowledge work, not only learning and knowledge spaces was pursued in the working with the help of a computer- research group of Prof. Keil in order to based learning environment comes to the utilize the structure of existing knowledge fore. Furthermore, social structures, as spaces for generating new tag proposals. well as small groups and teams should Collaborative tagging for categorizing find an adequate and immediate support resources has become a valuable tech- in dealing with digital media in their nique in many online communities. Using learning environment. Especially in the the already given structure of virtual wake of constantly increasing digitization knowledge spaces, it is possible, in addi- of life and it‘s associated increase in data tion to generating proposals, to introduce resources, the availability of development an inheritance of tags that simplifies and functions currently grows in importance. accelerates the assignment of tags to Meanwhile ordering content by catego- objects for users. At the same time the ries, classification schemes, taxonomies vocabulary problem, i. e. decreasing the or ontologies is an already sufficiently use of different words with same mean- well-studied area of research. On a closer ing, which occurs especially for small inquiry of current Web 2.0 developments groups of users is alleviated. By means of and various services, one can however systematically arranged usage scenarios locate a significant increase in the use of concerning teaching at university the keywords, called tags, for structuring vari- practical feasibility and added values for ous web contents. various user groups working with tagged contents in knowledge spaces were Lecture scenario with user-added tags and tags analyzed both from the perspective of derived from the environment Philosophy and computer science At the end of year 2006 a joint project students and lecturers. At the same time “philosophy and computer science” be- approaches and design decisions were tween the Department of Philosophy, Uni- outlined and discussed to take up prob- versity of Paderborn (Prof. Ruth Hagen- lems and issues with a view to integrate gruber and Prof. Dr. Volker Peckhaus) tagging into an existing architecture of and the research group of Computers and knowledge spaces. This concept, devel- Society at the HNI (Prof. Dr.-Ing. Reinhard oped as “contextual tagging”, indicates, Keil) was initiated. It‘s goal was to devel- that only the combination of a free as- op information technology approaches signment of tags by users and the assign- concerning knowledge representation ment of additional tags derived from the and to assess its relevance to the appli- environment establishes a new quality in cation. The results should afterwards be knowledge work. transferred to the concept of virtual Search request for documents within more than knowledge spaces to improve commu- one lecture on basis of a tag nication and collaboration capabilities within these spaces.

Contact: Dipl.-Inform. Birger Kühnel E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 15 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 14

http://www.hni.uni-paderborn.de/iug Computers and Society 47

Unified Collaboration Working in Virtual Knowledge Spaces

In many areas of scientific research the wherever they are needed and possibili- creation, analysis and presentation of ties for distributed editing are necessary. moving images play a crucial role. The This requires virtual working environ- low resolution of conventional video ments that allow for the replay of video equipment, however, is a major obstacle streams and their annotation as well as for researchers who either have to accept functionality to generate and compare a low resolution of the images and a alternative sequences of scenes (for a resulting loss of quality regarding evalu- visualization with different parameters, ation possibilities. Or they need to resort e.g.). One crucial question here is how to expensive specialized equipment video sequences can be linked to other which is neither usable without special data independently from their source in knowledge nor available in all settings a way that the resulting aggregation can where video images are needed. Media be processed over a long time at different discontinuities when moving from the locations. Studies of remote usability, laboratory to standard equipment in the multi-media evaluations of classroom office are thus predetermined and result teaching, cooperative control of visual- in limitations with respect to editing pos- ization processes and structuring of dis- sibilities as well as the presentation and courses of video-based content are ex- distribution of videos. amples of common scenarios in the Heinz Low resolutions are highly proble- Nixdorf Institute showing use contexts matic in many research areas. In order with various requirements and different to analyze video recordings in social research topics. contexts (like, e.g., in teaching and lear- In order to support this “unified col- ning settings) researchers must be able laboration”, equipment was provided to to analyze details of facial expressions of support these research aspects. Based individual persons even in videos where on a high-capacity server concept, all ser- more than one person is visible. Similar vices are distributed to different servers requirements are made when 3D visuali- and made available to the user via a sha- zations of driving simulators, e.g., are to red communication server. In addition to be recorded or transmitted. In this scena- audio-chat and whiteboard functionality, rio, lighting conditions, among other envi- an essential enhancement lies in the inte- The cooperation environment‘s configuration ronmental aspects, need to be recorded gration of high definition video streams. in high detail. Every media service (video conferencing, In addition to the production and voice over IP, recording, streaming, etc.) distribution of high resolution video, is supplied by a special component that another research area to be investigated works autonomously and application in- is the support of adequate computer sup- dependently within the network of com- ported cooperative research processes. ponents. In that way, the media services For that purpose, video streams are to do not produce load on the existing serv- be integrated into the everyday working ers and can be provided by hardware environment of scientists. The installation support also to standard applications of isolated storage and replay systems like instant messaging with video sup- is not sufficient for supporting research port. The load distribution is managed by Providing high-quality services independently of activities since these are intertwingled in software (Xgrid) and is thus scalable with hardware and location manifold ways with processes of cooper- rising demands of computing and storage ation and communication. Thus, video capacities. sequences have to be made accessible

Contact: Michael Utermoehle E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 66 66 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 14

http://www.hni.uni-paderborn.de/iug 48 Workgroup

Algorithms and Algorithms and Complexity Complexity

High Performance = Innovative Computer Systems + Efficient Algorithms Prof. Dr. math. Friedhelm Meyer auf der Heide High computing performance can only be achieved by a combi- nation of powerful computer systems and algorithms that solve the given application problems as efficiently as possible. There- fore the development of efficient algorithms has established itself as a classical branch of computer science. In our research area, we concentrate on solutions where current technological possibilities such as high performance computer networks, mo- bile wireless communication networks, or systems supported by specialized hardware pose new challenges for algorithm devel- E-mail: [email protected] opment. Phone: +49 (0) 5251 | 60 64 80 Fax: +49 (0) 5251 | 60 64 82 http://www.hni.uni-paderborn.de/alg Algorithms and Complexity 49

Modern computer systems enable ex- Computer Graphics: Real-time Algorithmic Game Theory panding application areas in many re- navigation in giant scenes and Pricing spects: In order to be able to navigate in a virtual Algorithmic pricing encompasses a

 Parallel computer networks allow to three dimensional space and to give a wide range of combinatorial optimiza- deal with extremely complex algo- realistic optical impression of the chang- tion problems with applications in the rithmic problems. ing scene, enormous demands are im- computation of revenue maximizing

 The Internet realizes global exchange posed on the underlying data structures pricing schemes based on data about of information and could potentially that handle the scene and facilitate the the preferences of potential custom- be used as one giant parallel comput- rendering of the individual pictures. Cur- ers, as well as the design of incentive ing device. rently we focus on the development of compatible auction mechanisms for

 Wirelessly connected systems allow methods for choosing the most efficient strategic settings - one of the funda- flexible communication between applicable rendering method during run- mental problems of algorithmic game mobile stations. time, dependent on the position and theory. We consider algorithmic as-

 Hardware support for graphic applica- viewing direction. First we work on meth- pects of these problems with a fo- tions enables real-time navigation in ods that decide whether it is worthwhile cus on approximation and randomi- complex virtual scenes. to use culling methods. Moreover, we zation techniques - two central para- A special challenge is posed by comput- are exploring the capabilities of our algo- digms in the design and analysis of ing systems consisting of heterogeneous rithms in applications from Business algorithms. components (e. g. differently powerful Computing, in cooperation with partners processors, storage devices or commu- from the Heinz Nixdorf Institute. Randomization: A basic nication capabilities) with structural algorithmic technique changes over time. Our research focuses Local Strategies in dynamic networks: The algorithmic work described above on the algorithmic challenges imposed by The new challenge has shown us that using randomized the realization and efficient usage of such Dynamic networks, i.e., networks whose procedures can produce amazing heterogeneous, dynamic systems. nodes change their (geometric, geo- gain in efficiency. Therefore we sys- graphic) position over time, play a major tematically study the potential of ran- Parallel Computing: Peer-to-peer role in many areas: They can, e.g., be domized algorithms and develop or based Web Computing used as data structures for moving ob- apply methods of probability theory Computer networks can potentially sup- jects in Computer Graphics, as models for for analyzing them. ply nearly unlimited parallel computing wireless mobile communication networks power. However, their efficient use is an or as mobility patterns for robotic explo- Our Teaching: Closely linked to extremely complex problem. Meanwhile, rations. We investigate the exploration research our PUB-library is used by an internatio- of an unknown terrain by a large group of Our courses cover methods and con- nal community of developers. Our Web robots as an example application scena- cepts of the development and analy- computing library (PUBWCL) now goes rio. Again, the task to design local strate- sis of efficient algorithms. We also run here a one step further and uses the Inter- gies that yield globally good behavior is a project groups and support diploma net as a parallel computer. Some of the major challenge. theses that extend and apply our the- main challenges are the peer-to-peer oretical insights in order to design based construction and the necessary efficient algorithms and libraries. dynamic load balancing strategies. 50 Workgroup

Dynamic and Heterogeneous Networks Local Strategies for global Tasks

Smart Teams sensor technology. We investigate algo- We consider a group of robots, which rithmic foundations for such systems. are located somewhere in an unknown In particular, we are interested in the terrain and have to act autonomously to possibilities for such networks to adapt fulfill a common goal. Tasks for the robots to an environment subject to strong dy- are among others to explore the terrain, namic forces. In such cases, not only the to establish and maintain an efficient communication infrastructure must be communication infrastructure as well as adapted constantly, but also particles to distribute tasks and roles within the must be continuously reassigned to tasks team. The robots are limited in their capa- in the environment. The central algo- bilities. In particular, every robot can only rithmic challenge for all these problems is see a small part of the scene. This means that the particles only have a very limited Swarm forming a circle that every team member has limited infor- view on the environment and therefore mation about the global situation only all strategies must be exclusively local. and must decide and act based upon this Furthermore it is still the goal to develop limited information. This also implies that strategies which yield provably good glo- it is impossible to use one single central bal solutions. robot to compute a global solution. There- A further problem which we study fore we require decentralized strategies in this context is how formations of Chain of particles following a leader which are executed by all robots, using particles can be built and maintained. only their local information and still yiel- Here, though particles have the ability to ding good global solutions. The strategies actively move in the environment, they which we develop provide provably good can still only sense the particles nearby. global solutions. Additionally, they are We investigate whether it is possible to often robust against transient errors and arrange the particles in such a way that failures of robots. they for example form a ball, in spite of this limitation. Another goal is to discover Swarms of particles those abilities particles must possess to In the near future, there will exist net- be able to gather in one point. A different works consisting of large amounts of tiny task is to maintain formations under Robots building a communication network artifacts, which are embedded in their movement of the particles. Here, one environment and have the potential for example is that one particle is actively expansive computations, even if every moving, leaving it to the other particles to single particle only has very limited follow the first one. computing power, memory capacity and

Supported by: DFG-Smart Teams EU-FRONTS IGS

Contact: Dipl.-Inform. Bastian Degener E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 69

Dipl. Wirt. Inf. Barbara Kempkes E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0)5251|60 64 69 Fax: +49 (0)5251|60 64 82

http://www.hni.uni-paderborn.de/alg Screenshot of the Smart Teams Simulator Algorithms and Complexity 51

Dynamic and Heterogeneous Networks Peer-to-Peer Based Systems

Complex Peer-to-Peer Networks Peer-to-Peer Based Parallel Computing Peer-to-peer networks belong to the class For conducting computationally intense of so called overlay networks, i.e. the calculations like, e.g., forecasting the network is built on an underlying physical weather, one often needs so much com- network (e.g. the internet) which is used puting power that it is not an option to to realize the communication between wait for an ordinary PC to complete this the nodes (peers). An important property task. Usually large, expensive parallel of peer-to-peer networks is the symmetric machines are acquired for this purpose. functionality of the peers: every peer acts Since in many companies there are as a server as well as a client. hundreds of PCs utilized at a very low Categorizing existing peer-to-peer extent only, it is obvious to exploit this networks from an algorithmic point of immense available computing power for view, the two extremes of the spectrum such complex calculations and, thus, Structure of the 3nuts network are unstructured networks in which every save high investment costs. peer maintains a local index containing As these PCs are not necessarily solely data elements owned by the peer switched on and idle at all times, a man- itself and networks based on distributed agement software for using the PC cluster hash tables (DHT), in which a global in- as a parallel machine must flexibly adapt dex is spread among all peers with the to changing parameters and be fault-tol- help of hash functions. Unstructured net- erant against single failing components. works stand out with their simplicity, The Paderborn University BSP-based robustness, and support for complex Web Computing (PUB-Web) Library devel- queries. But, they lack efficient query oped at the Heinz Nixdorf Institute sup- algorithms. On the other hand, DHT ports these features: intelligent load bal- based networks feature efficient lookup ancing algorithms assign the parallel algorithms with typically logarithmic hop processes to the PCs according to their distance and provide simple and efficient currently available computing power, and load balancing. Yet, due to the use of automated backup copies of the process hash functions they are limited to exact states ensure an interruption-free contin- match queries and in many cases hard to uation of a parallel program, even if sin- maintain under churn. gle PCs fail unexpectedly. The aim of our research is to develop The more PCs from a company‘s dif- peer-to-peer networks that allow complex ferent departments are added to the PUB- Clustering of the PUB-Web Network queries, feature efficient lookup algo- Web system, the greater the importance rithms, and provide simple and efficient of the network links between the partic- load balancing at the same time. Our ap- ular PCs (this influence becomes even proach is a combination of unstructured larger if one extends the computing sce- networks and DHTs in the so called 3nuts nario to the Internet). Therefore, we have network. 3nuts cleverly combines self developed an intelligent clustering algo- maintaining random networks for robust- rithm, which groups the PCs of the PUB- ness, a search tree to allow range que- Web network such that all PCs within one ries, and DHTs for load balancing. During group are interconnected with (approxi- the development of 3nuts algorithmic mately equally) high bandwidth. Supported by: aspects were of major importance. Thus, AEOLUS efficiency of load balancing, fast data access and robustness were proven by rigorous analysis. Contact: Dipl.-Inform. Peter Mahlmann E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 33

Dipl.-Inform. Joachim Gehweiler E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 34 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 82

http://www.hni.uni-paderborn.de/alg 52 Workgroup

Dynamic and Heterogeneous Networks Resource Management and Allocation Mechanisms

Resource Management anisms) that not only determine efficient The members of a distributed system allocations, but provide incentives to the often have to share global data. Thereby participants to cooperate towards this it has to be guaranteed that a read-re- common objective. In addition it is often quest always returns the current state of desirable to guarantee some degree of the data, even if there are several copies. fairness, e.g., by determining a common Furthermore the requests should gener- price for the utilization of resources. ate as little costs as possible. In order to We primarily address algorithmic aspects achieve this, a data management system of combinatorial pricing, i.e., the com- has to place copies in the network such putation of revenue maximizing pricing that they are as near as possible to the schemes for resource allocation among requesting nodes and that updates of the agents with potentially highly complex data are not too expensive coevally. preferences, which are often also con- Simulation of a data management system in a We are particularly interested in data flicting in nature. Among other applica- mobile ad-hoc network. management strategies in mobile ad-hoc tions, this type of problem and the algo- networks. We consider a scenario where rithmic techniques we develop lie at the a primary copy of the data is located in a heart of many multi-dimensional revenue wired network connected to the mobile maximizing auction mechanisms for stra- ad-hoc network via several access points. tegic settings, a central area of interest The mobile nodes can read and modify within algorithmic game theory and the data. The goal of the data manage- microeconomics. ment system is to create and delete Depending on the utilized model a copies such that the energy consump- large collection of natural optimization tion used for the communication of the problems of rich combinatorial structure mobile nodes is as low as possible. The and highly variable computational com- main challenges thereby are the ever- plexity is obtained. Our recent contribu- changing communication paths and that tions in this area are mostly focused on the system does not know which requests the design of efficient approximation Lotteries as a concept of randomization in multi- are issued in the future. We investigate algorithms, i.e, algorithms which provide dimensional combinatorial pricing. this problem both theoretically and by provably near-optimal solutions within simulation. reasonable time, for various forms of combinatorial pricing problems and prov- Resource Allocation ing corresponding lower bounds on their Distributed systems are often composed approximability. In addition we analyze of numerous autonomous subsystems the potential of randomization - a second competing for available resources. To fundamental paradigm in the design of guarantee a reliable operation of the efficient algorithms besides approxima- system as a whole, resource allocation tion - in the context of combinatorial pric- needs to be based on protocols (or mech- ing and algorithmic mechanism design.

Supported by: DFG-Smart Teams FRONTS PaSCo-GK

Contact: Dipl.-Inf. Jan Mehler E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 33

Jun.-Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Patrick Briest E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 57 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 82

http://www.hni.uni-paderborn.de/alg A data management system in a mobile ad-hoc network which is supported by a stationary infrastructure. Algorithms and Complexity 53

Algorithms for Computer Graphics

Automatic algorithm selection Parallel Rendering Although the computational power of Another possibility to render highly com- graphics hardware is permanently in- plex three-dimensional scenes in real- creasing, the visualization of large and time is to exploit the parallelism of a PC- complex three dimensional models cluster for rendering the frames, instead remains a challenging task. To allow a of using just a single computer. Many fluid, real-time movement through a vir- current pc-clusters are dedicated to gene- tual scene (e.g. a simulated production ral computations, meaning, that graphics environment), which has been modeled power of most PCs is limited. We develop by millions of triangles, specialized ren- methods and algorithms for such heter- dering algorithms have to be applied. ogeneous PC-clusters, which consist of Occlusion-Culling algorithms are used many nodes with weak graphic-adapters to identify hidden parts of the scene at and only few nodes with modern powerful runtime and thereby may increase the graphic-adapters. Scene of a virtual power plant with colored scene number of rendered frames per second. One of our developed rendering tech- property “Number of visible objects” On the other hand, these algorithms can niques is the so called Reliefboard-ap- introduce an additional computational proximation. This technique calculates overhead. Whether a specific algorithm simplified, relief-like representatives of accelerates the rendering process or not, complex parts of the scene at runtime. depends on the characteristics of the During the rendering process on a strong underlying hardware, the camera position PC, the complex, far-off parts of the and the viewing direction of the observer. scene are then replaced by the efficiently Our research aims at the development renderable reliefs. These surface-reliefs of methods for extracting the relevant consist only of the object‘s side currently The Reliefboards must be updated when a given properties of a scene, which influence facing the observer. When the observer picture-error is exceeded by movement. the efficiency of different algorithms. This moves through the scene, the representa- allows us to automatically select the most tives are periodically recomputed by the suitable rendering techniques at runtime, weaker nodes in the cluster. An update according to the current observer´s posi- has only to be performed if the angle be- tion and viewing direction. One applica- tween the observer and the old relief tion is the rendering on multi channel changes so much that noticeable artifacts projection systems, where multiple vie- can occur. Our research focuses specially wing directions are displayed simultane- on the development of methods for dis- ously. With our methods, we can automa- tributing the computational load evenly tically select appropriate algorithms for over all PCs of the cluster, even when the each projection plane separately. surrounding conditions change as the observer moves.

Supported by: PaSCo-GK ViProSim DFG-AVIPASIA DFG-AlgoEngCG

Contact: Dipl.-Inform. Claudius Jaehn E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 51

Dipl.-Inform. Tim Süß E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 28 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 82 View dependent rendering for the Powerwall of the HD Visualization Center of Virtual Prototyping and Simulation http://www.hni.uni-paderborn.de/alg 54 Workgroup Design of Distributed Design of Distributed Embedded Systems Embedded Systems

Distributed Embedded Real-time Systems Become Manageable Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Franz Josef Rammig

Informatics is everywhere; the technical world ranging from mobile phones to entire fabrication plants is governed by infor- matics today. More than 20 billions of micro processors and the software running on the top of them control as Embedded Systems whatever forms our technical environment. The mission of the research group “Design of Parallel Systems” is making contributions to a seamless design process for Distributed Embedded Real-time Systems (DERty). This central scientific challenge has to be considered to cover all phases and aspects of such a process. E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251 | 60 65 00 Fax: +49 (0) 5251 | 60 65 02 http://www.hni.uni-paderborn.de/eps Design of Distributed Embedded Systems 55

Design of Distributed Embedded Designing complex systems requires pro- RTOS, called NanoOS, distributes the Systems cesses that start at the level of abstract RTOS-services in such way that all Today‘s IT concepts can be seen in any models. During the last years the Unified requested system services can be pro- technical artefact and there is a tendency Modeling Language (UML) became the vided effectively and efficiently. These to interconnect all these IT-enabled arte- widely accepted modeling standard. approaches are used in order to imple- facts. By this a Cyber Biosphere (CBS) is We are working on modifications and ment highly reliable hardware, novel created, constituting an artificial “organ- extensions but also on complementary kinds of sensor networks, or adaptive ism” of up to now unknown complexity. approaches. Aspect oriented Modeling production control systems. Currently A billion computers, interconnected via is being discussed in the modeling com- we are studying such an approach Internet constitute the vanguard, a billion munity, in recent times also in the area of for self-healing OS-services running IT-enforced automobiles and billions of embedded real-time systems. Especially on top of an autonomous hardware arbitrary IT-enabled artefacts, all of them in cooperation with UFRGS Porto Alegre, platform. with an increasing tendency to be inter- Brazil, we are developing means to sup- We are investigating the potentials connected will follow. This “organism” port this approach in the DERty context. of reconfiguration of the underlying consisting of computers, networks, sys- A model-based approach opens up new hardware as well. These research acti- tem software, and application programs potentials for systematic testing. In con- vities are bundled under the theme is characterized by complexity, heteroge- trary to “classical” model-based testing, DERty RuSt (Reconfigurable Systems). neity, and most important a high degree we start very early, at the phase when Having designed a seamless tool of volatility. Objects of the Cyber Bio- an initial model is created by means of chain called Part-E which especially sphere are interacting continuously like a requirement document. A semantically supports partial and total reconfig- their biological counterparts do since well-founded modeling approach permits uration at runtime, we currently inves- billions of years. To govern this organism formal verification of such models. Cur- tigate how so-called Algorithmic Skel- completely novel design and operating rently we are concentrating on runtime etons may be used to ease designing paradigms have to be developed. The sci- verification by means of On-the-fly Model reconfigurable hardware and at the entific community discusses approaches Checking. This adds an additional verifi- same time to enhance the quality of like “Autonomic Computing”, “Organic cation potential, especially for systems implementations. Of course dynamic Computing”, “Self Coordination”, or “Bio- with immanent emergent behavior. reconfiguration implies additional logically Inspired Computing”. From our Typically real-time applications danger. In principle it is hard to dis- point of view the term Cyber Biosphere are built on top of real-time operating tinct whether a change of structure characterizes the emerging global system systems. DREAMS (Distributed Real-time is due to a malfunction or due to an most adequately. Extensible Application Management intended reconfiguration. We are ap- It is our mission to contribute sub- System), our fine-granularly customiz- plying methods of Artificial Immune stantially to novel design approaches for able real-time operating system, had Systems to generate systems that are such a scenario, which in more technical been completely redesigned and is now adaptive and robust at the same Time. terms may be characterized also as Dis- called ORCOS (Organic Reconfigurable This approach makes use of the re- tributed Embedded Real-time Systems Operating System). The system shows configurability of the hardware in an (DERty) and to provide relevant compo- extremely short response times and at offensive manner, i.e. anti-means nents for controlling this emerging cyber the same time has a very small footprint. against malfunctions can emerge by organism. We continue concentrating on We made it available to the Open Source directed reconfiguration, inspired by three main topics: Community. Currently ORCOS is extended biological immune systems. DERty UML: Specification, modeling, towards self-optimization and virtuali- Our three research areas: DERty testing, and formal verification of em- zation. We are integrating online Model UML, DERty DREAMS, and DERty RuSt bedded real-time systems Checking as system service into our RTOS are closely connected. Futhermore, we DERty DREAMS: Component-based dis- library. An additional important course investigate a variety of applications, tributed real-time operating systems and of development followed by us consi- ranging from self-optimizing systems software synthesis ders applications which are distributed from mechanical engineering over DERty RuSt: Reconfigurable hardware/ to a high degree and are characterized mobile ad hoc networks to emotion software systems by a dynamic interconnection structure recognition systems based on ad- (“Intelligent Herds”). Our experimental vanced image processing. 56 Workgroup

Virtualization Innovative Concepts in Embedded Systems

Virtualization is a well-known technology The information flow between virtual in the area of data storage hardware and machines is controlled, in order to gua- is used there for a fairly long time. The rantee that no unrequested communica- basic idea of virtualization is to hide the tion takes place. Furthermore, the avail- physical complexity and characteristics able hardware can be safely partitioned of resources. Thus, the user recognizes and made available only to designated only a single consolidated resource. This virtual machines. Thus, using a virtual- complexity hiding allows a highly flexible ization platform significantly increases use or change of the underlying physical the safety and reliability of the overall resource. However, in the domain of real- system. time operating systems, virtualization Besides the increased safety and also implies additional problems. reliability, virtualization offers a great It is not possible to apply current vir- potential to support heterogeneous ope- tualization techniques to server- or desk- rating system environments. Different top systems in embedded self-optimizing requirements can be met with different mechatronic systems. The main objec- and adequate operating systems: On the Resource Consolidation by Virtualization tives are high resource utilization and one hand, rich high-level APIs for appli- safety. Within the scope of the CRC 614, cation development, and on the other a virtualization platform has to meet the hand, highly-efficient and response-time requirements of dynamics of self-optimiz- guaranteeing real-time operating systems ing systems and must be able to adapt for legacy software. To be mentioned here itself. In addition, real-time and efficiency are for example the high-level API for self- requirements have to be met, a crucial optimizing agents, hard real-time condi- point in embedded systems. Eventually, tions of control engineering algorithms as available virtualization technologies do well as supporting operating systems like not match nor consider all the constraints Linux as a platform for optimization algo- of self-optimizing systems. This problem rithms, all developed in the scope of the is addressed by the CRC 614. CRC 614. The scalability of the hardware resources is improved as well. Further- Application Area Embedded Mechatronic more, the assignment according to differ- Systems ent requirements can be made to the dif- The application of virtualization plat- ferent virtual machines. This is important forms in embedded mechatronic systems in the context of MPSoCs, eliminating the allows high flexibility. This flexibility necessity to adapt the operating system meets a major requirement for dynamical to the available resources. changes in self-optimizing embedded systems. This is for instance the possi- bility of dynamical mappings between multiple virtual machines to a single real system. By this temporal and spatial separation of the systems can both be achieved. Virtual machines, which are executed on the same device, can be iso- lated from each other by the virtualization platform. Possible failures occurring on a Supported by: German Research Foundation: virtual machine can not spread over the CRC 614 Subproject C2 boundaries of the virtual machine.

Virtualization Platform for Embedded Mechatronic Systems

Contact: Dipl.-Inform. Timo Kerstan E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 65 15 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 65 02

http://www.hni.uni-paderborn.de/eps Design of Distributed Embedded Systems 57

Self-Organizing Operating Systems the use of efficient methods. For this, it Inside today‘s products “multi processor is important to identify and factorize all systems on chip” (MPSoC) are often used possible domain specific parameters and as electronic communication nodes. Es- their costs. The functional requirements sential demands for current MPSoCs are for resource consolidation are predefined robustness, reliability and security. In by an objective function. For example, order to meet these requirements new this can be the even use and allocation autonomous and self-organizing princi- of available resources. Such an objective ples have to be used inside the hardware function is denoted as fair distribution and software components. or fair allocation. The challenge here is In addition to failure detecting and to fulfill this constraint, even if resources correcting mechanisms inside the hard- are heterogeneous in their quantity and ware an autonomous operating system the resource removal or insertion during Integration of Soft- and Hardware-Monitoring to increase system robustness. which is based on the principles of runtime is allowed. self-organization has to be used as well. The focus of the new developed Thus the operating system ORCOS which methods was to reduce the storage com- had been developed inside the research plexity of the objective function while group was extended by autonomous maintaining the charcteristics. Further- components being able to transparently more, the fairness of the function should spread services over multiple nodes of be improved too, even if the number of the system, reacting on errors and migrat- participating resources is small. This attri- ing services in real-time to new nodes in bute is crucial if the application domain order to increase the overall robustness targets Embedded Systems and their of the system. By the use of error detect- constraints. ing and correcting hardware the operating The improvement was achieved by ex- system can react in time and can induce changing parts using hash functions by a appropriate counter measures in order to deterministic greedy algorithm. A typical avoid system failures and to guarantee application of these hash functions in for safe network operation. such data structures is the decomposi- In addition to the development of the tion of a unit hash range. This partitioning autonomous operating system ORCOS scheme was replaced by the new greedy concepts in the field of virtualization have method. This method uses some proper- been researched. We designed and im- ties derivable from the invers sequence of plemented a real-time virtualization plat- the Fibonacci Numbers. form called Proteus which is capable of running multiple realtime virtual ma- chines without modification while guar- anteeing real-time constraints, which could be verified with the help of the op- erating system ORCOS. Both solutions can increase the robustness of a system Supported by: EDA-Zentrum: while reducing the costs of additional Project AIS hardware as it is needed if traditional German Research Foundation: approaches like e. g. redundancy would CRC 614 Transferproject T4 be applied.

Contact: Methods targeting Embedded Systems Dipl.-Inform. Daniel Baldin A major challenge of virtualization is the E-mail: [email protected] effective use of all resources and coevally Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 65 15 meeting all constraints in the specific The Golden Cut in a Pentagram Dr. rer. nat. Gunnar Schomaker domain. Especially, a dynamical system E-mail: [email protected] consisting of limited resources implies Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 90 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 65 02

http://www.hni.uni-paderborn.de/eps 58 Workgroup

Modeling and Verification Methods in Embedded Systems

Model Driven Development (MDD) of em- CNL is a natural language (e. g. English) bedded systems currently is a challeng- employing a defined amount of words as ing topical subject in the focus of reserch well as limited grammar. These limita- and industry. Based on principles of the tions provide for eliminating ambiguous Model Driven Architecture (MDA), MDD wording as far as possible. The result supports design reuse by employing high- is a simplified version of a natural lan- Partial reconfigurable areas level modeling and specification lan- guage with unequivocal semantics which guages. These languages allow the des- allows automated translation into formal cription of the main aspects of embed- models. In the future, these models can ded systems at higher levels of abstrac- be utilized for example for the automated tion and, at the same time, realize a de- generation of test cases or automated coupling of system properties from the consistency testing. However, the use implementation platform. of CNL requires also a user training. Nevertheless, it can be expected that the Requirement Detection and Controlled learning expenditure is somewhat smaller Natural Language as it would be the case with the formal Requirement specifications constitute the methods. In order to simplify the usage communicative basis for the development of CNL in the future, tool support is desir- of software systems. Typically, the com- able which assists the user in the crea- munication takes place between different tion of proper requirement specifications functional layers (e. g. customer, software using a certain CNL. development and test department). The- refore, requirement specifications should Algorithmic Skeletons for the imple- be recorded in a way that offers all those mentation of Partially Reconfigurable involved persons access to the informa- Systems tion. In practice, requirement specifica- By means of Partial Reconfiguration, it is tions are compiled in natural language. possible to fit a large system into a single Natural language is easy to use for every- FPGA fabric. Thereby Algorithmic Skele- one involved but at the same time it is tons offer a programming paradigm which imprecise and equivocal. Formal methods allows to abstract the technical details offer unequivocal semantics, however, in the design, like the communication only specially trained persons are able to between the modules of the partitioned use these methods. For this reason for- system, specially when the modules are mal methods for specifying requirements dynamically reconfigured. This approach are not yet commonly used in practice by has been tested in the design of a front- industry. The usage of controlled nat- end for an Automatic Speech Recognition ural languges offers a compromise. system.

Supported by: SPP Projekt TP2 R2 OSAMI

Contact: M. Sc. Matthias Schnelte E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 52 51

M.Sc.-Eng. Norma Montealegre E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 93 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 65 02

http://www.hni.uni-paderborn.de/eps Static and partial reconfigurable areas on FPGAs Design of Distributed Embedded Systems 59

An Automatic Speech Recognition system the other hand, model checking is sub- basically consists of the following func- stantially confronted with the so called tional stages: Frontend Analysis, Pattern state explosion problem. We propose a Matching and Decision Making. The Front- complementary technique, namely on- end Analysis stage processes the input line model checking (or model-based run- speech signal and constantly produces time verification). Formal verification of a feature vectors through a bank of filters. complete system is usually not possible The number of channels of the bank of due to the high dynamics and different filters, also called Channel Vocoder Ana- areas of applications. Thus online model lyzer, determines the size and quality of checking can be seen as an extension of the feature vectors. The bitstream pro- the traditional schedulability acceptance duced for the complete analyzer is too test and is implemented as a service of Partial system model to be explored large to fit into a Virtex-4 FPGA chip. In the underlying operating system. order to fit the design in our FPGA fabric, To enable online model checking, we the analyzer has been redesigned by suppose that the real-time application means of a high-order algorithmic skele- is developed by means of Model-Driven ton and dynamic partial reconfiguration. Engineering (MDE). Model checking is Algorithmic skeletons are predesigned the basic verification technique but is templates that can be used to structure a executed at run-time whenever any recon- partitioned system undertaking the com- figuration of the task set takes place. munication and synchronization of its Instead of exploring the entire state Pre-checking and post-checking modules. Our developed design strategy space of the model to be checked, only a is supported by a set of implemented partial state space at model level cover- algorithmic skeleton templates. Those ing the execution trace of the checked templates are composed of modules task is explored (Fig. 1). Experimental which can be loaded as dynamic modules results show that run-time model check- in partial reconfigurable regions and be ing is possible when the approach as executed in different time slots. The fil- above mentioned is followed. ters of the Channel Vocoder Analyzer has Since we do runtime verification at been designed in VHDL and assembled in model level, the progress of our runtime a farm of pipes algorithmic skeleton tem- verification is not strictly bound to the plate. For the practical implementation, execution of the source code, i.e., it may the peripheral device controllers have run before or after the system execution. been placed into a static region and the Therefore, we introduce two checking channels of the analyzer into a single par- modes (Fig.2): pre-checking and post- tial reconfigurable region, one at a time. checking. We define that the verification At run-time, the channels are loaded dy- service is in pre-checking mode, if it runs namically into the FPGA through partial ahead of the execution of the task to be reconfiguration. In that way, the opera- checked; otherwise, it is in post-checking tion of a Channel Vocoder Analyzer in the mode. available Virtex-4 FPGA fabric has been To make the verification service have made possible. more chance or higher probability to run ahead the task to be checked, we want Online Model Checking as Operating to learn some heuristic knowledge at the System Service system testing phase so that the system Supported by: Mechatronic real-time applications are model can be enriched with more useful German Research Foundation: safety critical in many cases. Model information. The heuristic information CRC 614 Subproject C2 checking has the advantage of being can thus guide online model checking fully automated and inherently includes to reduce the state space to be explored means for diagnosis in case of errors. On whenever necessary. Contact: Dr.-Ing. Yuhong Zhao E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 65 16 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 65 02

http://www.hni.uni-paderborn.de/eps 60 Workgroup

Embedded Systems Optimization, Communication, Simulation

RTOS and Self-optimizing Systems improve the decision for profile activa- Challenges for an RTOS for self-optimiz- tion. ing systems are the strongly changing application profiles. To be an optimal Organic Computing service provider for this application class Connected k-hop dominating sets (CkDS) we follow the approach to adapt the RTOS are used in various applications in wire- dynamically and resource efficient during less sensor networks. They are for exam- run-time. The RTOS analyzes the current ple used to allay the broadcast storm parameters and independently optimizes problem or to allow for an adjustable itself through reconfiguration. In this amount of area coverage while maintain- context it is important that stable system ing connectivity. In this work, we have operation can be guaranteed at any time. proposed a novel protocol for the Part of the self-optimizing RTOS is a Flex- construction of CkDS in wireless sensor Pieris rapae; Source: de.wikipedia.org ible Resource Manager (FRM). This mana- networks, drawing inspiration from the ger optimizes the distribution of the re- flight behavior of ovipositing Pieris rapae sources to the applications and system (Small White), which has several proper- services. Especially, it allows utilizing ties that are worthwhile for an artificial temporarily unused resources of system system. The new developed protocol is services and applications by other appli- self-organizing, for there is a global-level cations of a node. A special mechanism, pattern. The CkDS emerges solely from which recreates the behavior of the hu- numerous lower-level interactions spe- man body in stress situations, allows a cified by rules executed using only local flexible release of resources for treating information, without reference to the glo- emergencies. bal pattern. In current extensions of the FRM concept we consider the order of requi- rements within the cycle of each pespec- tive application profile. The detection of patterns allows another subdivision of profiles in sequences with an upper and a lower bound for resource requirements. In the future this additional information is supposed to be used by the FRM to Pieris rapae motion pattern synthesis

Supported by: eCubes German Research Foundation: CRC 614 Subproject C2

Contact: Dipl.-Inform. Simon Oberthür E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 68 63

Dipl.-Inform. Peter Janacik E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 64 93 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 65 02

http://www.hni.uni-paderborn.de/eps Self optimizing operation system using the Flexible Resource Manager (FRM) Design of Distributed Embedded Systems 61

The proposed protocol consists of two developed a canonical RTOS-Model intertwined behavior blocks, which are based on SystemC in cooperation with both essentially based on random walks: the University of Irvine CA, USA. The the first one is responsible for the con- model includes basic operations to struction of a k-hop dominating set, while describe task switching and the handl- the second one connects the existing ing of interrupt requests. It allows to fragments of dominating nodes to a con- display and simulate existing operating nected k-hop dominating set. systems on a PC. We have conducted extensive simula- The simulation of execution times re- tions of this protocol to evaluate the effi- quires the separation of the source code ciency as well as other properties, such in atomic blocks with a mark regarding Hardware-dependent Software Principles and as scalability and to eventually compare the needed execution times for the tar- Practice Ecker, Wolfgang; Müller, Wolfgang; Dömer, Rainer ISBN:978-1-4020-9435-4 it to a recently proposed state-of-the-art get processor. Accurate simulation of CkDS construction protocol. execution times can be achieved by special handling of annotated time and Hardware Software Co-Desing separated scheduling of software and These works examine optimizations interrupt service routines, although the within a model for the execution of OS time annotation is coarse grained. New services for Reconfigurable Systems on approaches for timing annotations allow Chip (RSoC). The model assumes that it is the efficient representation of execution not possible to save a complete RTOS on times and give constraints for the sepa- an RSoC. Therefore, there is a need to dy- ration of the source code. The approach namically install the required services at has been evaluated in cooperation with runtime on the RSoC. These services are dSPACE at AUTOSAR compatible software provided in a distributed repository. For for ECUs. The mapping of OSEK-RTOS to execution the model treats each service the canonical model and the annotation as a sequence of segments. This allows of execution times within the source code parts of a single service to run on one permit, in addition to an efficient func- computational element (GPP) of an RSoC tional simulation, time analyses of the while the rest of the parts run on another software while minimizing errors. computational element (FPGA). Distributed services in Embedded Systems To determine the suitable subdivision Hardware Depending Software (HdS) to execute a service, three resources are The relevance of hardware depending considered (space/area, time and per- software (HdS) has continuously in- formance). A key objective is to minimize creased in the field of Embedded Sys- the costs and to weigh the costs of each tems and System-on-Chip. Unfortunately, resource usage without violating any there are only very few educational books constraint. The developed algorithm uses available on this topic. This inconven- profiling information and determines an ience motivated us to publish a book and efficient configuration to execute any to write some central chapters for it. required OS service. Additionally, each The book offeres an overview and configuration can be customized (recon- introduction to topics like real time op- figured) at runtime to efficiently compen- erating systems (RTOS) or hardware sate for changes regarding the availability abstraction layer (HAL). Furthermore, it of resources. includes application examples for tele- Supported by: communication or automotive systems. German Research Foundation: CRC 614 Transferproject T4 RTOS Simulation Additionally it provides a lot of informa- In order to improve the simulation tion about the tool chains and develo- performance of Real-Time-Operating- ping environments currently used in the Contact: Systems an important issue was to industry. M. Sc. Sufyan Samara E-mail: [email protected] Phone: + 49 (0) 5251/60 65 16 Fax: + 49 (0) 5251/60 65 02

http://www.hni.uni-paderborn.de/eps 62 Workgroup

System and Circuit Technology System and Circuit Technology

Microelectronics – Key Technology and Challenge Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ulrich Rückert

With the growing use of integration technology in almost all areas of life, microelectronics has become the key technology of the modern information society. The systematic design of resource-efficient microelectronic systems and their use accord- ing to specific demands constitute the central research aim of the Research Group of System and Circuit Technology.

E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251 | 60 63 46 Fax: +49 (0) 5251 | 60 63 51 http://www.hni.uni-paderborn.de/sct System and Circuit Technology 63

Key Technology Microelectronics Cognitronics The unbroken revolutionary progress Cognitronics deals with the development of microelectronics is the driving force of microelectronic circuits for a resource- behind the devolopment of new products efficient realisation of cognitive systems. with noticeably extended functionality It is the aim of our research activities to and increased capability at lower costs. equip technical products with cognitive Even beyond the year 2010, the devel- skills in order to improve their function- opment of microelectronics will not be ality and to make them more reliable and restricted by physical or technological user-friendly. limitations so that challenges lie in the Examples of cognitronic systems have mastery of the design complexity – the developed in nature in great numbers technological standard is more than a over the course of evolution. It there- Billion transistors on the area of a square fore makes sense to transfer biological centimetre – and in the economical use information processing principles onto Microelectronics as technological basis for of these technological possibilities. technical systems. Central to our work is Mediatronics and Cognitronics. Against this background, the research the analysis of the theoretical capability group of System and Circuit Technology and the integration-oriented realisation of is developing microelectronic devices such principles. and systems in digital and analog circuit technology. A special focus is on mas- Mediatronics sively parallel realisations and on the Mediatronics is an interdisciplinary evaluation of the resource efficency of research field at the Heinz Nixdorf Insti- such implementations. Here, resource tute, which is concerned with the situ- efficiency means to handle the physical ative integration of technical products quantities space, time and energy eco- and systems into open systems. In future, nomically. these systems will be marked, to an even Our research and technological trans- greater extent, by a decentral organisa- fer activities concentrate on the central tion of dynamically connected, intelligent domains of Cognitronics and Media- components. tronics. The theoretical and practical Our aim is to develop and provide education of students in managing and methods and techniques that enable mastering the key technology of micro- technical products to communicate and electronics in concrete applications of cooperate efficiently. Here, we follow information and automation technology new approaches to use the available goes hand in hand with our research computing power and network resources work. efficiently in order to optimally meet the demands for service quality and reliability of future communication systems. 64 Workgroup

OMEGA – Home Gigabit Access The Future Home Network

Services in the home network of the the Inter-MAC exploits the specific advan- future tages of each technology to create added The home network of the future will en- value. Examples for this added value are able new services by providing higher guaranteed quality of service and higher data rates and guaranteed Quality of reliability. Service properties. Broadband network- One of the used technologies is ing within the home shall be complemen- the wireless networking standard IEEE tary to the anticipated improvement of 802.11n, which was declared a standard the connection between the Internet and just a short time ago. It provides data the home, to enable the users to actually transmission rates of several hundred use new and improved services that were Megabits per second. Further technol- the reason for the broadband Internet ogies, developed or improved by the proj- connection in the first place. Quality of ect partners, are data transmission on Service of Internet services is already power lines (Powerline Communications), limited by today’s home networks in In- with visible or infrared light (Hybrid Wire- ternet-connected homes. New and impro- less Optics), and additional radio tech- ved services like telepresence, high defi- nologies (60 GHz, Ultra-Wide Band). nition videos, online games, virtual rea- All of these technologies will be con- lity, and e-health applications should be nected by the Inter-MAC sub-layer and made available to the users as easily as prototyped in form of a demonstrator. possible, so that no additional hardware The integration will be done based on infrastructure has to be created in-home. the rapid prototyping system RAPTOR- Therefore, transmissions in the home net- X64, which has been developed in the work of the future will rely on already exi- research group System and Circuit Tech- sting wiring and on the medium air. nology. This system will host the high- speed part of the Inter-MAC (the data Inter-MAC and Demonstrator plane), developed and optimized in the The usage of existing wiring as well as System and Circuit Technology group, and new transmission technologies will result the controller for the Inter-MAC (the con- in a very heterogeneous home network, trol plane), which is developed by project leading to complex configuration proc- partners. In addition to the high-speed esses and incompatibilities between the part of the Inter-MAC, the System and parts of the network. The “Inter-MAC“ is Circuit Technology group will contribute an approach to solve these problems. It is to the integration of a prototype of an Supported by: an intelligent network sub-layer that was IEEE 802.11n implementation. With these Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) of the European Union developed in the EU FP7 project OMEGA, rapid prototyping efforts and the supplied Infineon Technologies AG which selects and uses the technology prototyping hardware the Heinz Nixdorf best suited for each service in a way that Institute makes an essential contribution Project Partners: France Telecom, INSA-IETR, Spidcom, Thomson, is transparent to the user. In doing this, to the demonstrator of the project. Eurescom, Fraunhofer Heinrich-Hertz-Institute, IHP Microelectronics, Infineon Germany, RWTH Aachen, Siemens, TU Dortmund, TU Ilmenau, Università di Roma, Università di Udine, Infineon Austria, Technikon, Thyia, Telefonica I+D, University of Athens, University of Oxford

Contact: Dipl.-Wirt.-Ing. Christian Liß E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 40

Dr.-Ing. Mario Porrmann E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 52 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 51 http://www.hni.uni-paderborn.de/sct A RAPTOR-X64 rapid prototyping system with all components of an IEEE 802.11n prototype System and Circuit Technology 65

Wireless High-speed Communication Easy-C – Enablers of Ambient Services and Systems

Wireless communication increasingly in Dresden and Berlin with ten sites and finds its way into our daily life. Mobile 28 sectors. In these testbeds, innovative devices support complex multimedia techniques can be implemented and applications like high definition tele- tested. vision (HDTV), video conferences, and online games. Simultaneously, the requi- CoreVA-Architecture rements of the underlying transmission The mobile application domain puts high methods, like high throughput and low requirements to the underlying hardware latency, are advancing. This year, the of the user equipment. The high com- next mobile phone standard, long-term- plexity of the new algorithms requires evolution (LTE), with data rates of up to high performance. Additionally, a low 300 MBit/s is adopted. But also the next power consumption should enable a long generation – LTE-Advanced with up to battery lifetime. In cooperation with the 1 GBit/s – emerges. research group Programming Languages and Compilers (Professor Kastens) the LTE-Advanced System and Circuit Technology group has The aim of the project Easy-C, which is developed the CoreVA processor platform funded by the Federal German Ministry of with an optimizing compiler. The fourfold Education and Research, is the develop- parallel architecture of CoreVA offers the ment of key technologies for next gene- performance of embedded single proces- ration cellular networks to enable new sors with a higher energy efficiency due applications, such as video streaming to its moderate clock frequency. At 300 and location-based services. The chal- MHz, CoreVA achieves a throughput of lenging requirements of such applica- 2.4 BOPS (Billion operations per second) tions towards spectral efficiency, latency, with a power consumption of less than and fairness shall be met by using inno- 100 mW. In the context of Easy-C this vative multi-antenna techniques and processor is adapted to the needs of the multi-cell cooperative techniques such project by hardware extensions, such as as relaying, interference coordination, vector engines or dedicated accelerators. and cancellation. In these fields, the The analysis of the applications enables In the BMBF project Easy-C new methods for University of Paderborn cooperates with not only the adaption of the algorithms to mobile communication are developed worldwide operating companies, such as the requirements of mobile user equip- Vodafone or Deutsche Telekom. At the ment, but also gives hints for the devel- moment, Easy-C runs the first testbeds opment of future technologies.

Supported by: Federal Ministry of Education and Research

Contact: Dipl.-Ing. Thorsten Jungeblut E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 39

Dr.-Ing. Mario Porrmann E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 52 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 51

The CoreVA processor architecture http://www.hni.uni-paderborn.de/sct 66 Workgroup

MuSIC-2 Multiprocessor System-on-Chip for Next Generation Mobile Phones

In order to be competitive on the present Realization business market, modern mobile phones Within the scope of the MuSIC-2 (Multi- have to support a great variety of differ- ple SIMD Cores) project, a cooperation ent communication standards. Besides between the department of System and the common 3G standards, namely GSM Circuit Technology and the Infineon Tech- and UMTS, also future protocols like LTE, nologies AG was established. The objec- GMR-3G, DVB-T/H, IEEE802.11, WiMax, tive of this cooperation was the devel- GPS, Bluetooth, ZigBee or UWB have to opment of a scalable multiprocessor be considered. Up to now, integrated cir- system-on-chip (MPSoC) architecture for cuits for multi-standard baseband proc- SDR-based multi-standard baseband essing consist of dedicated hardware processing. The department of System blocks for each communication standard. and Circuit Technology was responsible Another innovative solution for this for the implementation of the RC1632 problem is based on the so called soft- control processor and its cache system. ware defined radio (SDR) approach. This The RC1632 processor system (Scalar means, the whole baseband processing Core) controls a SIMD vector engine, is realized by software functions that are which comprises four processing ele- executed on a processor-based system. ments (PE). One scalar core together with Therefore, the SDR concept is very flexi- a vector engine forms a so called SIMD ble, because communication standards core. Four SIMD cores and two separate can be swapped at runtime according to RC1632 processor systems together with

The research group System and Circuit Technol- the available radio network. Moreover, a shared memory again build a SIMD ogy cooperates with Infineon Technologies to this approach is future-proof, since proto- cluster. The implemented MPSoC features develop a multiprocessor system-on-chip for cols can be adapted by updating the firm- three SIMD clusters and one accelerator SDR-based multi-standard baseband processing ware of the system dynamically. However, cluster, which comprises six RC1632 any SDR-based system requires a high processor systems as well. In total, there performance processor platform that is are 24 RC1632 control processor sys- capable of processing the baseband algo- tems, 48 SIMD processor elements, 6 rithms efficiently in real time. Due to the hardware accelerators and one ARM11 extensive data parallelism of this base- universal processor for processing band algorithms, the utilization of several the baseband algorithms. Finally, the processing units, which operate in SIMD X-Gold™ SDR 20 was realized in a 65nm (Single Instruction, Multiple Data) mode, low-power CMOS technology by Infineon is recommended. Technologies.

Supported by: Infineon Technologies AG

Contact: Dipl.-Ing. Christoph Puttmann E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 45

Dr.-Ing. Mario Porrmann E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 52 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 51

http://www.hni.uni-paderborn.de/?id=music2 Architecture of the MuSIC-2 multiprocessor system-on-chip for SDR-based multi-standard baseband processing System and Circuit Technology 67

Teleworkbench A Platform for Multi-Robot Experiments

Motivation the fields. Each camera is connected to a Robots are becoming more commonplace Video Server that is responsible for proc- in our daily life. They are now capable of essing images from the camera to provide performing different tasks, from simple the position of the robots as well as to housekeeping jobs to autonomous driv- record and stream the video over the In- ing on the road. Robot development is a ternet. A web-based user interface prov- highly complex and interdisciplinary pro- ides users, locally or remotely located, a cess involving algorithm development means to control the Teleworkbench and and hardware design. Moreover, test and to access the results of the experiments. validation are required to ensure that the Thus, the Teleworkbench can be used by Robotic Laboratory with the new Teleworkbench. robot is capable of performing the as- geographically distributed researchers signed tasks. to cooperate and to perform multi-robot experiments. Teleworkbench The Teleworkbench is a platform for con- The Teleworkbench uses different miniro- ducting, analyzing, and evaluating exper- bot platforms. One primary robot platform iments using a large number of robots. is the miniature robot BeBot designed at It offers resource management, different the HNI. This robot has a modular archi- robot configurations, and real-time data tecture that is configurable for different logging, such as robot positions and applications. In addition to the onboard inter-robot communication. Additionally, microcontroller and FPGA module for Automatic environment building and robot positioning using the gripper. it offers controllable environments for signal processing, this minirobot is also testing and validating different algo- equipped with different types of sensors rithms in different test scenarios. The and a wireless communication module. environment can be automatically built and dynamically controlled by using a Analysis Tool gripper. The gripper consists of three For experiment analysis, a graphical linear actuators and a swivel module. analysis tool is used. This tool uses the MPEG-4 video standard, which enables The Teleworkbench has a working area of overlaying the video data with addition- 3.6m x 3.6m that can be partitioned into al textual or graphical objects, such as four independent fields. It is equipped robot paths, communication messages, with five video cameras for monitoring and robot‘s internal state.

Supported by: German Research Foundation GZ: INST 214/47-1 FUGG

Contact: M.Sc. Andry Tanoto E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251/60 63 35

Dipl.Ing. Jaan Welzel E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 50 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 51

System architecture of the Teleworkbench. http://www.hni.uni-paderborn.de/sct 68 Workgroup

Dynamically Reconfigurable FPGAs in Space Radiation-hardened Fault-tolerant Payload Processing

Ionizing radiation and enormous varia- Goals and Objectives tions in temperature pose a challenge Reconfigurable hardware allows for when designing data processing units for changing or adapting payload processing space applications. The System and Cir- during the flight mission. The systems cuit Technology group currently develops thus can be freely adapted to every pos- a space-qualified FPGA module for the sible scenario, even if it was not foreseen The System and Circuit Technology Group devel- ops a dynamically reconfigurable processing exchange of hardware functions at run- at design time. Moreover, if the devices module for the European Space Agency (ESA). time. The project is funded by the Euro- can be reconfigured dynamically, this pean Space Agency (ESA) and conducted adaptation can also be done during run- in cooperation with TWT GmbH and Swiss time, where parts of the device can be Space Technology. operative, while others are changed. This The use of generic modules in a space allows for implementing time-sharing of environment has numerous advantages. the reconfigurable resources between In terms of system-specific hardware, a different applications, thus increasing the reconfigurable generic module can en- area efficiency. sure maximum reuse of development The objective of this activity is to de- across different systems. Since high sign and validate a Dynamically Recon- development costs are usually incurred figurable Processing Module (DRPM) during custom FPGA development, a demonstrator. The goal thereby is to de- more modular approach can be used with velop a system that allows for the inser- only custom modules being added as tion of new processing modules into a peripheral systems within the FPGA. Cur- given architecture at run-time. This is rently used application-specific standard enabled by the implementation of a par- products (ASSPs) offer limited processing tially reconfigurable core, which is em- performance, and do not support the high bedded into a system hosting a recon- data rates provided by new sensors used figuration controller and a system con- in space. In contrast to ASSPs, FPGAs troller providing suitable peripherals are advantageous for common high data (SpaceWire, MIL-STD 1553). Concerning rate applications like image processing, the harsh space requirements, mitigation software-defined radio, and generic sig- of radiation effects and recovery in case nal processing. Compared to general of failure will be emphasized. Suitable purpose processors, FPGAs often offer a concepts are cyclic verification of the con- better performance, while they also outri- figuration data and redundancy schemes, val ASSPs in terms of flexibility. which are adapted according to the level of radiation.

Supported by: European Space Research & Technology Centre

Project Partners: TWT GmbH Science & Innovation Swiss Space Technology

Contact: Dr.-Ing. Markus Köster E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0)5251 /60 63 52

Dr.-Ing. Mario Porrmann E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 52 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 51

http://www.hni.uni-paderborn.de/sct Dynamically Reconfigurable Processing Module (DRPM) based on RAPTOR X64 System and Circuit Technology 69

RECS – Supercomputers for Small and Medium-sized Businesses

Due to high costs in acquisition and aspired energy efficiency of more than maintenance, modern supercomputers 350 megaflop/s per watt, RECS claims a are often unprofitable for small and top rank in comparison to other energy- medium-sized businesses. RECS is sup- efficient supercomputers. posed to change this. RECS, a resource- The research group System and Circuit efficient cluster server, is currently being Technology is significantly involved in developed by the research group System the development of the next RECS gener- and Circuit Technology in cooperation ation, which will push the system perfor- with Christmann Informationstechnik + mance beyond 330 gigaflop/s per 19“ Medien GmbH & Co KG and the Pader- 1RU enclosure. The new system is based born Center for Parallel Computing. The on specially developed baseboards unique characteristics of this cluster that hold single-board computers with computer ease the way to the complex powerful yet energy-efficient hardware. field of supercomputing for medium- The first solution will integrate Core2Duo sized businesses, universities, and other processors and DDR3 memory. A central Entire computer on a single board, including all research institutes. In contrast to actual backplane has been especially designed important parts like CPU, chipset, graphics, and supercomputing solutions, RECS is opti- for the RECS cluster server. It provides all memory sockets. mized for low power consumption as well the signals needed by the system compo- as small physical dimensions and low nents and allows an effective and high- costs. This makes the architecture espe- performance interconnection between the cially interesting as a first step into the baseboards in the whole system. supercomputing domain. The new backplane replaces all ca- bling for data communication and for RECS cluster server power supply, enabling the realization More than 10 computing nodes (two of a much more compact architecture in cores per node) in a single 19“ 1RU (rack comparison to former versions of RECS. unit) enclosure result in a system that is When using dual-core processors, a total much more compact than state of the art number of up to 36 cores or 18 compu- blade solutions, which achieve a density ting nodes will fit into the addressed 19“ of only three nodes per rack unit when 1RU enclosure. A proposed third version using dual-core processors. Measured will utilize new processor boards, devel- with the Linpack benchmark, a standard oped in the System and Circuit Techno- benchmark suite for supercomputers, logy group. Each of these boards will hold the performance of the RECS prototype four cores and therefore boost the density will exceed 200 gigaflop/s. Thanks to the of computing cores to 72 per rack unit.

Supported by: Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology

Project Partners: Christmann Informationstechnik + Medien GmbH & Co. KG, Paderborn Center for Parallel Computing – PC²

Contact: Dipl.-Ing. Manuel Strugholtz E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 05251|60 63 98

Dr.-Ing. Mario Porrmann E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 52 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 63 51 Schematic view of the RECS system architecture. Up to 36 computing cores, equipped in a 19 inch enclosure with one rack unit height enable a very high processor density. http://www.hni.uni-paderborn.de/sct 70 Workgroup Control Engineering Control Engineering and MechatronicsMechatronics

Model-based Design and Optimization of Intelligent Mechatronic Systems Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Ansgar Trächtler Model-based design is an essential technology in the develop- ment of mechatronic systems. The specification of components such as actuators and sensors as well as controller synthesis and tests of the system are based on models. Thus integration of modelling and simulation into the design process is of vital importance in the development of intelligent mechatronic prod- ucts.

E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251 | 60-55 80 Fax: +49 (0) 5251 | 50-55 79 http://www.hni.uni-paderborn.de/rtm Control Engineering and Mechatronics 71

Model-based Design and Optimization of model in view of the required features, Intelligent Mechatronic Systems such as bandwidth, maximum force, The model-based design of mechatronic or input power; other features, such systems provides the basis for a comput- as weight or dimensions, can then be er-aided layout and analysis of future derived from this specification. In addi- products and their features by means of tion to the individual components, the a model already in an early design phase. behaviour of the overall system, including Our aim is to increase the informative control and software implementation, can value of the models and of product fea- also be examined. tures derived from the model in such a Model-based design of a vane-pump actuator way that it will be possible to significantly Controller Design and Optimization reduce the number of expensive tests The design of feedforward and feedback on elaborate prototypes. Models can be control systems is firstly a matter of employed successfully also in the oper- obtaining a desired functional behaviour ating phase, e.g., in on-line diagnosis (quality of control, robustness). Yet, with or condition-based monitoring. After all, complex hierarchical systems it is equally models of the dynamical behaviour are important to keep the complexity man- an indispensable element in the analysis ageable by means of the control struc- and synthesis of controls and in their ture. Here the use of cascaded control optimization. structures has proved its worth. While on the lower levels decentralised, often Modelling and Analysis of the System singleloop controllers are used, multiloop Behaviour controllers are increasingly employed Quarter-vehicle test bench for an The very foundation of our work is a on the upper levels. The controllers can X-by-wire chassis physically motivated modelling that has thus be put into operation „bottom-up“. the advantage that the models are trans- As is the case with modelling, the control parent and extensible and provide deep design has also to make use of signal insight into the system. The challenge interfaces that can be interpreted in a is to employ a modelling depth that is physical way. Optimization methods pro- appropriate to the task, especially if the vide a powerful tool for the design of con- models have to fulfill real-time condi- trols. For this purpose the design require- tions. Often a system requires several ments have to be quantified to serve as models with varying levels of detail or quality criteria. As the different design models describing different aspects, e.g., requirements are usually contradictory the dynamical behaviour (in control engi- to some degree, multi-objective optimi- Parameterised identification of parallel neering), the shape (CAD model), or an FE zation methods have to be applied that kinematics model to compute force-induced stress. yield the best possible compromise. In We are working on methods that aim at the context of the Collaborative Research a certain consistency in the models, for Centre 614, we are working on self-opti- instance by means of index-reduction mizing controls that will be able to adapt methods. An important use of modelling themselves to changing objectives and methods is in the design of mechatronic aims. The methodology employed here is systems. By means of analyses in the based on the multi-objective optimization time- and frequency domains, actuators that runs on-line during operation in so- and sensors can be specified with the called „soft real time“. 72 Workgroup

Self-optimization in Hierarchical Systems Concepts of Hierarchical Structuring for Intelligent Mechatronic Systems

In the context of the Collaborative Hierarchical Optimization chassis Research Centre 614 we do research on The behaviour of self-optimizing systems self-optimizing mechatronic systems that is determined by a multitude of some- have inherent partial intelligence and times conflicting goals. Examples of are thus able to adapt themselves auton- those goals are an increase in comfort or omously to ever changing demands. The a reduction of energy consumption. Self- systems in view represent highly complex optimizing systems are able to react au- products in mechanical engineering. In tonomously to varying impacts by select- actuator actuator module module the C3 subproject, we are developing ing an appropriate compromise between hierarchical structuring concepts for these goals. Thus for instance a vehicle reducing complexity and, on this basis, running up a slope might do without methods for designing these systems and maximum comfort in order to reduce

cylinder cylinder cylinder cylinder cylinder cylinder improving their behaviour. In the follow- energy consumption. For a choice be- left 1 left 2 left 3 right 1 right 2 right 3 ing, we will illustrate the advantages of tween several possible compromises the structuring using the example of hierar- corresponding system configurations are chical optimization. With these methods determined by means of a decentralised Hierarchical structure of the test bench for the a mechatronic system is able to adapt hierarchical optimization. In principle, active suspension of the RailCab itself to changing environmental condi- every subsystem of the overall mechatro- tions while simultaneously optimizing for nic system has goals of its own for which instance comfort and energy consump- compromises are computed individually. chassis tion. In the process, configurations providing the desired behaviour are determined Hierarchical Modelling separately for every subsystem. The The central element of the self-optimiza- interaction between the subsystems is tion approach is a hierarchical model that taken into account by an exchange of energy consumption comfort comprises the entire system. Its basis abstract objectives. Due to the abstract targets is a mechatronic system that is decom- and compact model description and the posed into its subsystems, not according decentralised, hierarchical optimization actuator module to a domain-specific classification but to approach it is possible to handle even socalled motion functions. For instance, huge systems efficiently. Thus, for the a passenger car has the motion func- test bench of the active RailCab suspen- tion “move chassis” that is made up of sion we could simulate an autonomous other functions like “move wheel”. The adaption of the system behaviour to energy consumption quality of control result is a hierarchical decomposition varying excitations induced by the rail.

targets of the mechatronic system. Now every subsystem is modelled individually, with cylinder subordinated subsystems having to be dealt with as well. In order to reduce com- plexity on the higher hierarchical levels,

energy consumption quality of control the subordinated systems are included in the model only as abstractions. For this Hierarchical optimization purpose the models are systematically stripped of their irrelevant elements. The result is a hierarchical model that has the advantage of providing on every level a model that is as simple as possible yet represents all relevant effects with fair accuracy.

Contact: Dipl.-Math. Martin Krüger E-mail: [email protected] Phone: + 49 (0) 5251/60 55 68 Fax: + 49 (0) 5251/60 55 79

http://www.hni.uni-paderborn.de/rtm Control Engineering and Mechatronics 73

Active Guidance Innovative Concepts for Self-Steering Railway Vehicles

Conventional Passive Guidance flanges preventing them from derailing. center pivot axle Conventional railway vehicles are kept Yet there is a certain clearance within hydraulic cylinder on the track by a passive mechanism. which the vehicle can move freely in The conical tread of the wheels and lateral direction (track clearance). Within so-called rigid axles on which the two this clearance the lateral dynamics of supporting frame wheels are fixedly connected induce a the vehicle can be actively controlled swaying motion of the axle on the track, by means of steerable axles in view of loose-wheel set the socalled hunting that makes the axle minimising the wear caused by flange eddy-current sensors centre itself. Up to a critical velocity this contacts and lateral slip. If the course of RailCab axle module without linear motor motion remains stable; beyond this point the track is known the vehicles will have it is only limited by the track clearance. the possibility to feedforward the steering The result will be flange contacts that and thus guarantee an optimal tracking prevent further displacement. Yet, flange performance that will improve comfort contacts occur also in normal operational while at the same time reducing both the mode at low velocities, e.g., because wear and energy consumption. of track irregularities or in narrow cor- ners. Along with increased wear, flange Passive Switches contacts cause also unnecessary lateral An active guidance is a prerequisite for excitations on the vehicle. enabling individual vehicles to leave a Hunting of a conventional solid axle and run convoy at switches. Certain specialised, across a switch in active tracking mode Physical Design of the RailCab Chassis so-called passive switches are also The guidance of the RailCabs uses a needed where the two directions are single-axle chassis with steerable axles permanently open and not blocked alter- and loose-wheel sets. As the wheels turn nately by the blades. When passing such independently of one another there will a switch the vehicle is steered to the side be no hunting. Consequently there is no of the outer rail that the vehicle wants to self-centering of the axles; they have to follow. be steered actively in order to prevent flange contacts. The steering angle of the Chassis with Variable Camber axles is set individually by means of two Adjustment hydraulic cylinders. This has the advan- A problem with the active guidance is its tage that the lateral dynamics is no longer dependence on undetermined friction determined by the passive dynamics but forces between wheel and track. Here an can be set freely by the steering control active camber adjustment can be of help, so that the vehicle can be kept on track with the camber of the wheels being set Camber adjustment in the wheel safely and comfortably. in such a way that all forces will always be induced into the track perpendicularly. Active Guidance Thus friction forces can be prevented. The task of the active guidance consists At present a new single-axle test vehicle in controlling the lateral displacement of with individual camber adjustment and - the vehicle on the track. Just like conven- steering is put into operation and tested tional railway vehicles, the RailCabs have on the NBP track.

Contact: M.Sc. Jens Geisler E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 5251/60 54 87

Dipl.-Ing. Mikhail Borzykh E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 5251|60 54 86 Fax: +49 5251|50 55 79

http://www.hni.uni-paderborn.de/rtm 74 Workgroup

Model-based Tests of Household Appliance ECUs Increased Test Coverage of ECUs by Model-based Test Automation

drum In order to manage the increasing com- interfaces between them. In every compo- plexity of control systems, the automotive nent, the output is computed anew on the industry is increasingly relying on model- basis of the conservation laws and the based test procedures. This technique input. The model was validated and the

heater blower & is used to identify logical-functional quality of the model was determined by condenser errors in the ECU software; moreover, it comparing the model outputs with data allows automated testing of individual measured at the test bench. The resulting functional components. In the context of deviation shows high model reliability. a research project with Miele & Cie. KG, a cross-fl ow condenser tumble dryer hardware-in-the-loop (HiL) Test Automation and Test Evaluation Schematic diagram of a condenser dryer test bench has been developed at the Test automation is an extension of the Chair of Automatic Control and Mecha- architecture for the purpose of serial tronics (RtM). This test bench serves as a tests. For every test it provides the platform on which model-based tests of sequential control with the necessary tumble-dryer ECUs are conducted. data, such as start parameters or faults to be simulated, and handles the test Real-time Thermodynamics Model of the results. An important element of this test Tumble Dryer automation is an automated evaluation The core of the HiL test bench is a of the results. Every HiL simulation gener- detailed model of the tumble dryer which ates a large number of data that have to was developed at the RtM. The figure on be evaluated automatically. Future work the top left shows a schematic diagram will deal with making up classifications of of the modelled condenser dryer. The faults and developing criteria that enable dryer operates in a closed process where an automated and safe evaluation of the the process air circulates through the results. system and only the humidity is removed out of the cycle. Air leaves the drum, Sequential Control und Fault Injection Dryer Hardware-in-the-loop test bench saturated with moisture, to be cooled in Another topic, in addition to the model, is a cross-flow heat exchanger/condenser. the development of an architecture for a The process air is cooled by the ambient sequential test control. Here, the realtime air so that part of the vapor it is carrying part comprises an execution framework, condenses. The resulting condensate is the dryer model, and a faultinjection drained out of the system, while air is system. By injecting faults into the model warmed up again inside the heater and we can even simulate peripheral areas injected back into the drum. To model or disturbances and also check if, in the this cycle in real time, we divided the case of a sensor failure, the ECU ensures process into four components, where safe operation. temperature and relative humidity act as

Contact: Dipl.-Inf. Dirk Koert E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 56 14

Dipl.-Ing. Alexander Löffler E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 56 10

M.Eng. Tarek H. M. Zeineldin E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 56 11 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 55 79

http://www.hni.uni-paderborn.de/rtm Control Engineering and Mechatronics 75

Mechatronic X-by-Wire Vehicle Fully Active Test Vehicle for Use in Research and Teaching

Since the automobile was invented, it able influence on over- or understeering has undergone a multitude of technical by means of the all-wheel steering. Brak- improvements yet has remained virtually ing is effected by a negative torque of unchanged, its basic structure still being the drive motors (the motors are used that of a four-wheel vehicle with a cen- as generators and thus recover energy, tral drive motor, mechanical couplings, by an inverse inward turn of the wheels frontwheel steering and conventional or a combination of the two. Only for operating devices (steering wheel and emergencies does the vehicle dispose of pedals). Thus the potentials inherent in a mechanical braking device. The use of mechatronic systems are tapped only electromotors has the following advan- CAD model of the test vehicle insufficiently. At the Chair of Control tages: Engineering and Mechatronics (RtM), a fully active mechatronic test vehicle is they can be easily modelled and thus currently being developed and mounted controlled according to a holistic approach and will they can be used for energy recovery measure up to future challenges in vehi- in the case of braking cle development. It is an X-by-wire vehicle they have good efficiency that is steered by means of a joystick and they can be easily interlinked via has an entirely electrical actuator system. information processing and enable The necessary power is provided by a realisation of a far better driving lithium-ion battery with a capacitance of dynamics 60 Ah. Thus the vehicle can run for about 40 to 45 min. without battery change or Interventions can be effected right on tar- recharge, which is sufficient for research get. Thus, with the help of new vehicledy- Wheel module purposes. The vehicle has a dead weight namics control functions, it will be possi- of about 280 kg and can carry one ble to reach considerably better ride com- passenger (the driver). The maximum fort and driving safety. The vehicle serves speed is about 60 km/h. The vehicle for developing and testing these new has a modular structure and four wheel control functions. In the process, differ- modules that are identical in construc- ent control strategies can be tested. We tion. Every one of them comprises three pursue a holistic approach to the design, electro-motors for a purposeful impact integration, and testing of the vehicledy- on the longitudinal, lateral, and vertical namics control functions. Moreover, the dynamics; they enable: structure of the vehicle allows research on interlinking- and coordination strat-

single-wheel steering egies on a far larger scale than that of single-wheel drive (direct drive with conventional vehicles. Thus it is ideally hub motors) suited for demonstrating and tapping the

active suspension potentials inherent in the use and the integration of mechatronic components in This opens up the possibility of entirely the chassis. In particular, the vehicle new steering and braking strategies serves as a demonstrator of the poten- through an interlinking of single-wheel tials and methodologies of self-optimiza- drive and all-wheel steering, e.g., a vari- tion in the context of the CRC 614.

Contact: Dipl.-Ing. Vitalij Nachtigal E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 05251|60 55 55

Dipl.-Ing. Peter Reinold E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 05251|60 55 54 Fax: +49 (0) 05251|60 55 79

http://www.hni.uni-paderborn.de/rtm 76 Workgroup

Self-optimizing Controls Control-design Methods and their Practical Application

Self-optimization by Means of Model- to show a defined behaviour and fulfill predictive Multi-objective Optimization different requirements. For this purpose Self-optimization of a technical system is a new, widely applicable strategy for understood as an autonomous adaption switching controls was developed that of the objectives of the system to chang- is based on two established control ing environmental conditions and the concepts: flatness-based design and consequent adaption of the system be- 2-DOF structure. With this switch strategy haviour. For this purpose the classical the desire for smooth transitions and a control of a system has to be extended defined switching period can be fulfilled with respect to three points: firstly, influ- directly; the overshoot can be taken into ences that are relevant for decisionmak- account indirectly. ing have to be detected and analysed. Then the objective has to be adapted Dynamical Programming for Planning an accordingly and implemented by an Optimal Trajectory in Autonomous Inter- appropriate adaption of the actual con- section Management Flatness-based strategy for switches between troller. Thus self-optimization defines a Another application of the design of two controllers generic procedure that can be implement- self-optimizing controls is the trajectory ed in many different ways. A particularly planning in intersection management by smart way to take the second and third means of Dynamical Programming. The steps of self-optimization in one step is latter is an optimization method from the provided by the model-predictive control domain of discrete mathematics. It was (MPC) with several objectives. Here the developed by the mathematician Richard system behaviour is simulated in advance Bellman and is a generalised methodol- in order to determine those system inputs ogy that is not restricted to technical that optimize the objectives. In the proc- problems but can also be applied to eco- ess a compromise between the objectives nomic or other questions. Two important has to be found which after all can be features of Dynamical Programming are described as a mathematical function the following: the maximum runtime can www.kreuzungsmanagement.de and computed automatically. be estimated in advance and the global optimum, if it exists, can be found. Thus Self-optimizing Controls: Flatness-based the Dynamical Programming is basically Strategies for Controller Switches very well suited for solving optimization Often an adaption of the behaviour of tasks in real-time applications. However, self-optimizing systems results in alter- with certain tasks, for instance the opti- ed control strategies, i.e., a change in mization of dynamical systems of higher reference value or reference trajectory, order, the computational costs will very controller parameters, controller struc- soon reach a level where Dynamical Pro- tures, or the variables to be controlled. gramming is no longer feasible. The Chair An example is the adaptive cruise control of Control Engineering and Mechatronics in cars where switches between dis- (RtM) employs Dynamical Programming tanceand velocity control are effected in with the decentralised autonomous inter- dependence of the actual traffic situation. section management for cars. During the switch, the overall system has

Contact: M.Sc. Jens Geisler E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 5251|60 54 87

Dipl.-Ing. Semir Osmic E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 5251|60 55 77

Dipl.-Wirt.-Ing. Torsten Bruns E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 5251|60 55 70 Fax: +49 5251|50 55 79

http://www.hni.uni-paderborn.de/rtm Control Engineering and Mechatronics 77

Banknote Transport in Automatic Teller Machines Modelling, Simulation, and Adaptive Control of Banknote Separation

A basic function of ATMs is the draw-off Constructive Extensions of the Draw-off cash box and separation of single banknotes from Module a stack. Even in difficult circumstances, Knowledge gained from the simulation draw-off roll i.e., if they are worn and torn, the bank- is used install in the separation mechan- sled notes have to be separated reliably. So ism a controlled draw-off-roll drive that far the process of drawing off and sepa- makes a formerly indispensable retain retain rating the banknotes has been carried comb superfluous and considerably comb out in an open-loop-controlled manner reduces wear of the draw-off roll and the which means that it is directly affected by banknotes. In a second step the serial- altered properties of the rolls or the bank- produced separation module of the ATM drive roll counter-rotation roll notes. Especially with soiled or polymeric by Wincor-Nixdorf was extended by an transport roll banknotes the result will be an increase adjustment unit allowing a controlled Functional principle of the banknote in the number of failed draw-off proc- alteration of the distance between the separation module esses. On the other hand, with unused, axes of the rolls involved in the separa- uncomplicated banknotes (which make tion process in order to impact the fric- up the majority), the rolls bring about tion forces between rolls and banknotes friction forces that are much higher than during the process (see figure, bottom draw-off-roll drive those required for a smooth separation right). process and thus cause unnecessary hall-sensors wear both of rolls and banknotes. Adaption of the Separation Process to the Banknotes in the ATM Modelling Interaction between the controllers of As the separation module has reached a the draw-off-roll drives and those of the high level in an evolutionary development adjustment unit allows estimation of the and boasts a complex functionality, it is friction forces between the banknotes to extremely difficult to advance it in a con- be separated without failed separations ventional way. The answer to this prob- occurring. The estimated values will then lem is to apply the procedure that has give information about the safety margin radar sensors proved its worth in mechatronic design against an unwanted double draw-off. We – it consists of the modelling, a holistic are currently working on a control strategy adjustment unit consideration of the system, and the use that uses the values of the estimated fric- Constructive extension of the separation module of control-engineering methods – to the tion between the banknotes for an iter- for a controlled separation process separation process in ATMs. At first the ative adaption of the normal forces and entire separation process (see figure, top the resulting friction forces to different right) was modelled in different modelling properties of the banknotes during the depths: from the 3-D FE model for tests separation process. The aim is to mini- of the statical deformation of paper to a mise both the wear on the banknotes and 2-D MBS model of the overall system for the failure rate. In an iterative adjustment tests of individual separation processes of the distance of the roll axes by means to a very reduced Simulink analogous of a simple sensor system (see figure, model of the overall system for tests of bottom right) the separation module is superordinated control strategies for the adapted to the thickness, stiffness, and Project Partners: separation process. friction forces of the banknotes in use. Wincor Nixdorf AG Banking Division Dr. Martin Landwehr

Contact: Dipl.-Ing. Viktor Just E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251/60 56 13

Dipl.-Ing. Hüseyin Cinkaya E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 5251|60 56 12 Fax: +49 5251|50 55 79

http://www.hni.uni-paderborn.de/rtm 78 Workgroup

Parallel Computing Parallel Computing

A special feature of the Supercomputer of the Paderborn Center for Parallel Computing (PC²): the water-cooling system of the CPUs.

Reaching new magnitudes through the efficient use of parallel and distributed systems Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Burkhard Monien Parallel and distributed computing is the key technology for the solution of large, computationally intensive problems in science and technology. The challenge is now to further improve the capabilities of this technology, to develop the full potential of applications and to open up new dimensions of realization.

E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251 | 60 67 07 Fax: +49 (0) 5251 | 60 66 97 http://www.uni-paderborn.de/cs/ag-monien/ Parallel Computing 79

The provision of powerful computing centrally controlled. Instead, distributed performance is a key requisite for the systems with selfish agents are observed, implementation of complex systems and modelled as mathematical games and AEOLUS (Algorithmic Principles for Building Efficient Overlay Computers) is a cooperation applications in science and technology. analysed using algorithmic game theory project of the research group funded by the Euro- Today, high-performance computers methods. In recent years, the research pean Union. The consortium consists of 23 sites generally take the shape of parallel com- group has published groundbreaking from all over Europe. puters. In such systems, a complex task papers addressing such questions. This is not processed by one single computer, young research area has been estab- but by several computers simultaneously. lished and is regarded as one of the for- These share the workload in a similar way ward-looking research areas in computer to an assembly line or a large company science. with different business areas. The parallel Against this background we are prima- computing performance can be produced rily concerned with the following research both by a single computer, comprised of areas: several processors, and by several com- puters, that are distributed at different  The theoretical fundamentals of paral- sites and communicating with each other. lel computing,

The analysis and design of efficient  The architecture and operation of parallel and distributed computer archi- parallel and distributed computing tectures, the development of powerful systems, methods of implementing applications  The use of parallel computing to solve on those systems, and implementing pro- complex problems in science and totypes of those applications are essen- technology, tially the areas covered by the “Parallel  The analysis of dynamic systems with Computing” research area. selfish agents. One major field of applications is that of computer simulation by parallel com- The working group participates in puters. Expensive and time-consuming numerous national and international test series, or dangerous experiments, funded projects, in which the results of can increasingly be replaced by computer research are applied for solving practical simulations. The necessary computing problems of the industrial partners. Con- power can only be provided by means of versely, the close cooperation with the scalable parallel computers. Such great industrial partners over and over again computing power is also needed for leads to new impulses and questions solving decision-making problems in a stimulating our own research activities. wide variety of planning issues such as With our teaching programs we aim how valuable resources can be saved or to provide the students with sound know systems used more efficiently in traffic how, that is close to research, in the field regulation. The methods, we develop, are of Parallel Computing, with comprised On 7th July 2009 Burkhard Monien is elected as especially tested in the field of Scientific skills for practical use and with expe- President of the European Association for Theo- retical Computer Science (EATCS). The election Computing, which has a long tradition riences in real projects. took place at the International Colloquium on within our working group. Automata, Languages and Programming (ICALP) The continual technological devel- in Rhodes, Greece. The European Association for Theoretical Computer Science is an international opment over the last decade resulted organization founded in 1972. Its aim is to facil- in the existence of complex, dynamic itate the exchange of ideas and results among systems (e.g. Internet, mobile phone theoretical computer scientists as well as to stimulate cooperation between the theoretical networks, etc.), which could no longer be and the practical community in computer sci- ence. 80 Workgroup

Shape Optimized Graphpartitioning Loadbalancing in Parallel Adaptive Numerical Simulations

adjacent points, neighboring elements should be preferably placed on the same processor. Furthermore, during a simu- lation the discretization can turn out to be not fine enough in certain areas. To obtain a more exact solution, the number of elements in these areas has to be increased. This adaptation often results in a work load mismatch; therefore a rebalancing according to the mentioned criteria becomes necessary. Additionally, as few as possible elements should be migrated to other processors because this operation is comparatively expen- sive. The relationships between the ele- ments can be modelled as a graph, where An example of a shape optimized partitioning result of the new approach. the computations are represented by The picture shows the fragmented domain of a 3-dimensional DFG benchmark problem („the circulation vertices and the data dependencies by around a cylinder in a channel”). For readability reasons the partitions are extruded. edges. A common method to distribute Computer based numerical simula- the computational loads onto the proces- tions often play an important role during sors consists in dividing the vertices of the development of complex technical this graph into equally sized sets (parti- products. Such simulations require a tions) such that as few edges as possible discretization of the underlying mathe- connect vertices that are placed in differ- matical problem description. Therefore, ent partitions. This matches the classical the established “Finite Element Method” graph partitioning problem. dissects the simulation area into simple However, the actual amount of com- geometric elements, e.g. tetrahedrons, munication can be represented much and approximates the solution of the more accurately by the number of nodes partial differential equations at the corner at the partition boundaries. That is why points. The finer this discretization is per- we have developed a new technique formed, the better becomes the approx- which computes good, and depending imation quality, but more elements also on the simulation area, as round as result in a higher computational effort. possible partition shapes. By this we Up-to-date simulations involve many usually obtain connected partitions with millions of elements, hence a fast cal- a small number of boundary nodes. Since culation can only be accomplished on a our approach, in contrast to many other parallel computer. methods, is well-suited for an incremen- The efficient usage of a parallel tal improvement of a given partitioning, it system requires an even work load distri- rebalances with small migration costs at bution onto the processors. The induced the same time. The figure shows a typical additional data transfer between the outcome of our new approach, where it processors should be kept minimal due is apparent that one gets connected and to the relatively high communication compact partitions with short and smooth Supported by: DFG-Schwerpunktprogramm 1307 costs. boundaries. “Algorithm Engineering” Since the approximation computation at a corner point relies on the data of all

Contact: Dr. rer. nat. Henning Meyerhenke E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 52 51|60 67 30 Fax: +49 (0) 52 51|60 66 97

http://www.uni-paderborn.de/cs/ag-monien Parallel Computing 81

Algorithmic Game Theory Analysis of systems with selfish agents

The behaviour of large, time-variant new streets. Another recently studied systems is often determined by the system is a system for selfish schedul- actions of autonomous agents. Typical ing of jobs onto parallel machines. The examples are road traffic systems or the jobs are the selfish users and choose a internet: Selfish agents, also called users, machine they want to be computed on. influence the behaviour of the system, The worst possible decrease in glob- and thus the costs incurred to other al system performance caused by the agents, by their private behaviour. Each selfishness of the users is measured in autonomous agent tries to minimize its terms of coordination ratio, i.e. the maxi- own private cost, while a central regula- mum (over all possible inputs) fraction of tion would try to compute global optimum the optimum global cost and the global A road traffic network as an example for a large, system behaviour. cost of a worst Nash Equilibrium. time-variant system where the behaviour of this Dynamic systems like these are not Algorithmic game theory combines system is determined by the actions of autono- mous agents (car drivers). Car drivers move centrally controllable. This is due to the mathematics of game theory and the through a network of streets as autonomous the size of the systems and to the self- algorithmic methods to analyze systems agents. Each driver tries to optimize his personal ishness of the users. In systems with with selfish users. In the research group benefit (to arrive his destination as quick as possible). selfish agents Nash Equilibria represent of Prof. Monien the following questions stable states. A system state is a Nash are in the centre of interest: Equilibrium, if no agent can improve its private costs by changing its action, as  The computational complexity of Nash long as all the other agents stay with their Equilibria actions.  The analysis of the coordination ratio There are two kinds of Nash Equilibria. The mechanism design problem: In pure Nash Equilibria agents choose an Create a system of rules, e.g. by defin- action, in mixed Nash Equilibria agents ing a payment function, for a dynamic choose a probability distribution over all system with selfish users, such that their actions. The theorem of Nash states the selfish behaviour of the users that all games have a mixed Nash Equi- drives the system into a global opti- librium. It is an open problem whether mum. there is an efficient algorithm to compute mixed Nash Equilibria. The research of the group is mainly A problem studied already in the 50‘s focussed on routing and scheduling of the last century is the following routing games, where the players compete problem. Car drivers move through a net- for resources, and the field of Voronoi work of streets. Each car driver wants to games, where the players try to ensure a drive from some starting point to some sphere of influence. Outstanding results destination and may choose an arbitrary in this area are analyses of the coor- route between the two nodes. The pri- dination ratio, proofs of existence for vate cost of a car driver is given as the Nash Equilibria and proofs of PLS-com- time necessary to drive along the chosen pleteness for the computation of Nash route. This private cost depends on the Equilibria. The obtained results yield to a routes chosen by other drivers, since the fundamental understanding of dynamic time to drive along a street increases with systems with selfish users. the number of cars using this street. It The challenges of the future are to is well known that there exist networks, apply the fundamental results to existing where the selfishness of the drivers yields systems, like e.g. the shuttle systems Supported by: a bad global behaviour. The famous of the “Neue Bahntechnik Paderborn”, EU Integrated Project AEOLUS Braess Paradox shows, that this bad where routing and scheduling problems IST-015964 behaviour may be incurred by building for autonomous shuttles must be solved.

Contact: Dr. rer. nat. Rainer Feldmann E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 52 51|60 67 20

http://www.uni-paderborn.de/cs/obelix 82 Workgroup

Software Engineering Software Engineering

Processes, Methods, Techniques and Tools for the Software Life Cycle Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Wilhelm Schäfer The increasing use of software-intensive systems in our everyday life as, for example, in the automotive industry or the health care sector shows that software engineering gains societal signifi- cance. The Software Engineering Group addresses the safety and the reliability of software-intensive systems with model-based engineering including techniques based on UML (Unified Model- ing Language).

E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 33 13 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 35 30 www.uni-paderborn.de/cs/ag-schaefer Software Engineering 83

Model-based Design of Software- modeling, a focus lies on concepts for intensive Systems generating source code that implements Complex technical systems controlled by structure, behavior, and reconfiguration. software are present in more and more The integration of model-based analyses areas of our everyday life. Due to the and verification techniques supports the complexity, the development of such model-based design for reconfiguring systems requiring high quality can only mechatronic systems. The concepts are For the development of embedded systems that be mastered when, in the whole soft- prototypically implemented in the CASE require high quality as for the RailCab, appropri- ware life-cycle, appropriate processes tool FUJABA Real-Time Tool Suite. ate methods and tools are needed and methods are applied and supported by tools. Therefore, the main research Re-Engineering topics of the Software Engineering Group The maintenance of highly complex soft- are model-based development and anal- ware systems comprises the correction, ysis of software including techniques extension, and adaptation of software. based on UML (Unified Modeling Lan- The Software Engineering Group develops guage). Analyses can range from syntac- various techniques to support engineers tic consistency to model checking the in this complex task. These include behavior. To improve scalability, domain- tool-supported reverse engineering tech- specific constraints are exploited. niques to retrieve design models out of The projects of the working group source code by, for example, identifying include component-based design of the implementation of design patterns. embedded software, approaches for re- It is also possible to analyze software for engineering, and object-oriented specifi- design flaws (e.g. by identifying anti-pat- cation of software process models. terns and bad smells). Another focus lies on the techniques for correcting design flaws by applying model transformations, Component-based Development of which can be verified for correctness. Tools that were developed by the Software Engi- Embedded Systems neering Group for the model-based development The considered systems are composed of Specification of Software Process Models of software-intensive systems and especially components that reconfigure themselves New approaches for the specification of embedded systems at runtime and show hybrid behavior. interdisciplinary development processes Modeling the hybrid behavior, we hier- in the field of mechatronic systems archically integrate discrete real-time are also a research focus. The pursued behavior, which is modeled with a real- approach supports consistency control time extension of UML statecharts, and for documents, versions and configu- continuous control models, which are rations across the whole life cycle of a described by block diagrams. Besides mechatronic product.

The developed concepts and tools allow for modeling and verification of hybrid components 84 Workgroup

Integrated Variant Management Concept to extend the engineering of automotive control units

Many different functions in modern vehi- Common Data Pool cles are nowadays realized by software, Automobiles are mechatronic systems. for example the anti-lock braking system Thus, the VDI guideline 2206 gives an (ABS), the cruise control, or the radio- orientation for the development process controlled key. Because of the rapidly of electronic control units. Our work has increasing number and complexity of vari- a focus on the design of control unit soft- ous software systems, the development ware; the concept, however, is applicable and the integration of these systems to automotive engineering in general become more complex. In the automotive because of the chosen level of abstrac- industry, the subject of product variants tion. As the different development phases is additionally of key importance. In order need similar information of the product to appeal to a large customer group, the variants and represent these variants vehicles of one series are customizable to in the artifacts, a common data pool is a high extent and are configured accord- introduced that contains all variants and ing to the customers’ wishes. dependencies in one variability model Furthermore, the cost pressure (upper figure). This central data manage- leads to the introduction of product line ment facilitates finding inconsistencies, Design of mechatronic systems according to VDI approaches both within one automotive reduces communication overhead be- 2206 extended by a common data pool manufacturer and at cooperations with tween the development phases, and en- many suppliers. Facing this situation, ables extensive analyses. automotive manufacturers demand tool support for the management of the result- Generic Mechanism for Tool Coupling ing variants of software, hardware, data, Because different tools for the work on models, and test scenarios. So an appli- artifacts in the different development cation-independent concept for variant phases are used, a generic mechanism management is needed. is needed in order to link the different The objective of this work is to use tools to the data pool (second figure). current techniques in software engineer- The linking tasks include configuration, ing to define variants in a formal way. i.e. determining the valid artifacts for a Such a formal definition allows different variant, and the adaption of the variant- software tools to model, manage, and specific parts of these artifacts. Here, the Generic mechanism for interfacing tools exchange artifacts and its variants. An idea is that the creation of new artifacts additional benefit is that the consistent for the variants is not always worth it formalism of the variants allows for a because the variants have many common tool-independent modeling of variant features and differ only in few variant- dependencies and vehicle configurations. specific aspects. Instead, the common features are managed in one artifact; and via the new mechanism, the variant-spe- cific features are included for each vari- ant. This work uses model transformation to realize this mechanism.

Contact: Dipl.-Inform. Christian Bimmermann E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 52 51 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 39 85

http://www.s-lab.uni-paderborn.de Software Engineering 85

SPES 2020 Innovation Alliance “Software Platform Embedded Systems 2020“

The national innovation alliance “Soft- (s-lab) and its ware Platform Embedded Systems 2020” associated part- works on solutions for the cross-domain ner Hella KGaA and model-based development of em- Hueck & Co. bedded software. Model-based tech- works on an own niques based on a solid mathematical work package in fundament enable an efficient develop- the automotive ment of embedded systems – comprising application proj- initial customer requirements, design and ect, which is fur- implementation, and verification and cer- ther coordinated tification of the systems. by Prof. Schäfer From all over Germany, 21 partners as second-in- from industry and science participate in command. research and development activities. As In this work the project progresses, it is planned to package, we Project structure have further companies to participate, in aim to work out particular small and medium sized ones, a development in order to establish a broad transfer of methodology the results into the German economy. The that links requi- project is sponsored with currently €22 rements engi- million over three years and is initially neering, system planned to be carried out until October architecture 2011. design, and soft- ware/hardware architecture Project Structure Vision for the work package three in the SPES 2020 is broken down into one design in a model-based way. Thus, star- automotive application project central project consisting of six work ting from formal, textual requirements on packages, and five application projects the basis of sentence patterns, we want (Fig. 1). The application projects corre- to generate initial system architectures in spond to the domains that are considered form of SysML models that are extended in SPES 2020, i.e. automation, automo- with time. After further refinements of the tive engineering, energy, health care, and system architectures, initial AUTOSAR avionics. The central project comprises architectures should be synthesized and the domain-independent methodology for analyzed with regard to time response the development of embedded systems and resource utilization. Additionally, with the emphasis on requirements rules for consistency and traceability are engineering, architecture design, proof defined as link between the models. Last, of safety and certification, and parallel the new development methodology is real-time processes. The foundation is integrated into well-known process evalu- set with a methodology for the compre- ation models. hensive and integrated model-based In order to incorporate the results development. Furthermore, the industrial into the central projects, the software applicability of the methods created in engineering group further participates the project is evaluated empirically. in the first three work packages of the central project. Besides the concepts for the model-based requirements and archi- Participation of the Software Contact: tecture specification, the comprehensive Dipl.-Wirt.-Inf. Matthias Meyer Engineering Group E-mail: [email protected] The Software Engineering Group in coo- modeling theory is developed that is the Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 53 91 peration with the Software Quality Lab foundation for SPES 2020. Dipl.-Inform. Jörg Holtmann E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 52 52 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 39 85

http://www.s-lab.uni-paderborn.de http://www.spes2020.de 86 Workgroup

Project UML for Automotive Systems The goal is to improve the development of electronic control units in the automotive industry

Nowadays, most innovations in modern results serve as a basis for the decision vehicles are not realized by hardware but about further actions. A prerequisite is by software. Examples of innovations that to have the time constraints modeled in are realized by software are ad- vanced driver assistance systems in- cluding lane departure warning systems and parking assistance systems. It is char- acteristic Overview of the project for these systems that different components must a formal way, so that they can be used work together to realize the new function- later. ality. As this is implemented by software, Therefore, we extend the system the use of software is continuously model with real-time statecharts, which growing. Therefore, software engineering were developed by the Software Engi- for embedded systems in the automo- neering Group in the Collaborative tive sector becomes more and more Research Centre 614 (Self-optimizing interesting. systems in mechanical engineering). The present engineering method is These statecharts help to model automo- not able to cope with the growing role of tive-specific properties and to perform software and its complexity. Especially according analyses. Thus, the engineer- the integration of the different software ing methodology helps to master the modules into an overall system is very growing complexity. Further, the real-time difficult. Facing these challenges, new statecharts should help with integrating engineering methods are required that software components into an overall offer solutions to the aforementioned system. The work focuses on the Unified problems. This is what the Software Engi- Modeling Language (UML) and related neering Group and the Software Quality notations and the associated methods. Lab are working on in close cooperation This also includes the AUTOSAR standard. with the global automotive supplier Hella The standard allows for specifying the KGaA Hueck & Co from Lippstadt. electrics/electronics (E/E) architecture in a vehicle and is used by different vehicle Project Goal manufactures, suppliers, and other com- The goal of the project is to use current panies. One key feature of AUTOSAR is methods in software engineering to that it provides software parts that only develop new engineering methods for have to be configured. We can partially embedded systems in the automotive identify the configurations of the AUTO- industry. Especially the meeting of timing SAR standards from the model informa- Contact: constraints is of key importance because tion of the extended system model. This Dipl.-Inform. Jan Meyer E-mail: [email protected] the systems are safety-critical. For this saves time in the development of elec- Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 52 52 reason, analyses should be performed tronic control units. Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 39 85 early in the development phase. The http://www.s-lab.uni-paderborn.de Software Engineering 87

FUJABA Real-Time Tool Suite

The FUJABA Real-Time Tool Suite is simulation or for the target platform of based on the open source UML CASE tool the system (see Figure 3). FUJABA. FUJABA is in constant develop- The compositional approach is the ment since 1997 at the Software Engi- foundation for several extensions. For neering Group. The key feature of the example, not only systematic errors are FUJABA Real-Time Tool Suite is the model- considered (like improperly modeled based development of (mechatronic) statecharts), but also incidental errors systems. (e.g. physical effects like the wear and Software embedded in mechatronic tear of physical components) and the systems adds a high value. Typically, impact on the safety (compositional (feedback) controls are implemented by hazard analysis). software. As mechatronic systems are The observation that the considered Structure strongly interconnected, software is also mechatronic systems often change their used for message-based communication structure at runtime (e.g. the concrete and coordination between the various structure of a convoy of members is not distributed mechatronic systems. The known a priori) leads to a whole new use of software allows significantly more challenge. The needed design methods flexibility and adaptability of the system exceed the possibilities of the existing and facilitates to implement wide-ranging static structural models. On the basis features. As mechatronic systems are of reconfiguring systems we developed often used in safety-critical areas, high approaches to model, to analyze and to quality is required for the developed generate code for this dynamics. systems. The main approach to guarantee Within this project, a hundred papers high quality is to develop software with were published since 2003 (articles for model-driven techniques. Applications journals, books, and conferences as well that are subject to these requirements are as dissertations, master and bachelor Behavior for example transport systems. theses). In 2008, the FUJABA Real-Time In the following, we give a short over- Tool Suite view of the key features of the FUJABA received Real-Time Tool Suite and of the according the IBM development process. Real-Time The overall development approach Innovation is realized by Mechatronic UML. Central award for to this approach is the compositional outstanding development in order to address the research complexity of the systems under consid- projects eration. The structure of the system is based on described by software components, the the use of embedded controls, and communication real-time connections between them (see Figure technology 1). The behavior of the communication in academic connections is specified by an extended research formal statechart model, which considers and educa- time and the embedding of the control tion. behavior (see Figure 2). The well-defined For more semantics of the models allows for a informa- Simulation Environment formal analysis of safety constraints and tion on the FUJABA Real-Time Tool Suite for code generation, which is used for please visit: http://www.fujaba.de/proj- ects/real-time.html Contact: Dipl.-Inform. Stefan Henkler E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251|60 33 05 Fax: +49 (0) 5251|60 35 30

http://www.uni-paderborn.de/cs/ag-schaefer 88 Workgroup

Philosophy ofPhilosophy Science of Science and Technology and Technology

The seven liberal arts from the Hortus deliciarum by the abbess Herrad von Landsberg (1170)

Reflecting on Science and Technology Prof. Dr. phil. Volker Peckhaus

Philosophical reflection on science and technology enlightens the foundations and conditions of scientific and technical action, it provides orientation on the methods and aims of these activities and supports its responsible use.

E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251 | 60 24 11 http://kw.uni-paderborn.de/en/institute-einrichtungen/institut-fuer-humanwissenschaften/philosophie/ Philosophy of Science and Technology 89

Reflecting on Science and Technology Philosophy and Computer Science Within the wide field of reflection on Prof. Volker Peckhaus and Prof. Ruth science and technology, the workgroup Hagengruber initiated the research proj- deals above all with the logical and ect ‘Dynamic Ontology and Cooperative cognitive conditions of knowledge and Semantics’ in 2006. This project, directed scientific action. The recent history of by Prof. Hagengruber and supported by logic and studies on the foundations of the Heinz Nixdorf Institute, is an impor- mathematics are one among the focuses tant step in the course of establishing a of research. The workgroup aims at comprehensive research and educational reconstructing the development and programme combining philosophy and differentiation of logic as the basic disci- computer science. pline of philosophy which led to Mathe- Research on the advances of ‘basic ontol- matical Logic and Proof Theory as mathe- ogies’ served for providing the concep- matical subdisciplines and to Theoretical tual and logical foundation of graphical Computer Science. These developments user interfaces. Now the focus is laid on Peckhaus, V.: Hilbertprogramm und Kritische Philosophie, are seen in the context of a dialogue be- analysing problems of knowledge repre- Göttingen, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1990 tween philosophy and mathematics. sentation and knowledge organisation in their correlation with questions of Social Debates on Logic in the 19th and 20th Ontology. Century The discussion on logic among the Prehistory of Model Theory mathematicians of the 19th and early In studies on the prehistory of model 20th century can be regarded as an theory, research concerning the founda- expression of attempts to overcome tions of computer science is connected foundational problems that had emerged to the historiography of logic. They are in mathematical practice. The mathema- intended to motivate systematic research ticians could not expect much support on modelling action under conditions of in these attempts by academic philoso- uncertainty considering pragmatic and phers of that time. Founding mathematics heuristic elements. with the help of a revised logic served not really a philosophical aim, but above all Learning How to do Philosophy the pragmatic interest of doing mathe- In teaching, students are introduced to matics without running into the danger of the specific philosophical way of asking Peckhaus, V.: Logik, Mathesis universalis being faced with unexpected contradic- questions and discussing solutions. und allgemeine Wissenschaft, tions. Some emphasis is put on theoretical Berlin, Akademie Verlag, 1997 In this framework, the workgroup contrib- philosophy, especially philosophy of sci- uted to a scientific biography of Ernst ence, epistemology and the philosophy Zermelo (1871-1953), known as the foun- of technology with its anthropological der of Axiomatic Set Theory. Furthermore, dimensions. an edition of the works of Oskar Becker The workgroup has succeeded in estab- (1882-1962) is prepared. The Database lishing two philosophy programmes in for the History of Logic, a biobibliogra- teachers’ education. In 2006, Philosophy phical collection (including an archive of was integrated as a subject in the B.A. portraits) publicly accessible, serves as programme of the Faculty for Arts and an important tool for this research. Humanities. Furthermore, Philosophy can be chosen as a subsidiary subject in programmes of Computer Science and Mathematics.

Peckhaus, V. (Hrsg.): Oskar Becker und die Philosophie der Mathematik, München, Wilhelm Fink Verlag, 2005 90 Workgroup

The Algebra of Logic and Logical Algebra On a prehistory of model theory

Current talk of models and interpreta- held that any object whatsoever is no tion, as well as of modelling in science longer of interest as regards conceptual is historical in character. It originates explanations, but comes to be deter- with modern structural mathematics and mined as a ‘datum’ which is ‘proceeded’ symbolic logic. Therefore, its history can within a formally structured system. This be retraced in 19th Century debates over view, however, names but a tendency the question whether an operative notion which does not in fact deploy continually. of logic can be reduced to aspects of form Contemporaries struggle to give a formu- alone or whether it should be conceived lation of their problems. Retrospectively, of with hindsight to content and interpre- these may be addressed as the question tation. whether scientific analyses are to be based on operations instead of objects Structural thinking such as quantities. With 19th Century logic and mathematics, a general conception of universal scien- From Symbolical Algebra to tific theories grows increasingly form- Structures and Models Augustus De Morgan (1850) orientated. Contemporary debates touch In the early 19th Century, British Symbo- upon the question whether domains lical Algebra is formed. In its use of vari- determined contentually can be de- ables, Symbolical Algebra claims to deal scribed exhaustively by formal systems. with functional interrelations of signs This amounts to asking if, in order to instead of unknown quantities, i.e., to build up descriptive languages, struc- operate on the formal instead of the con- tures can be defined without regard to tentual level. The idea of Symbolical Alge- meaning and consequently, whether it is bra and its arsenal of operational possi- the interrelations of meaningless signs bilities fundamentally inform an Algebra that antecede their possible interpreta- of Logic on the one hand, and a Logical tions. Algebra on the other. Their mutual rela- tions are a worthwhile subject for inquiry, Logic and Algebra which can be viewed with regard to There are mutual reactions between logic current talk of ‘structures’ and ‘models’: and mathematical, i.e., primarily alge- Which of the two is to be thought of as braical conceptions of method. In this the ‘structural science’ of the other? And, course, the idea of structural constitu- depending on the respective answer, ents’ ‘meanings’ apparently undergoes a what follows concerning the assessment significant change as to their referential of (inter-)relations between ‘formal’ and and architectural functions. It might be ‘contentual’ aspects of a structure?

Contact: Anna-Sophie Heinemann, M.A. E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251/60 23 13 Fax +49 (0) 5251/60 37 44

http://kw.uni-paderborn.de/institute-einrich- tungen/institut-fuerhumanwissenschaften/ philosophie/ Philosophy of Science and Technology 91

Theory of Action in Cooperative Systems

Foundations of cooperative knowledge European Conference on Computing and spaces are studied in the research group Philosophy, that took place in Barcelona Philosophie und Informatik under the in 2009. Results about the connection supervision of Prof. Dr. Ruth Hagengru- between mind and action from computa- ber. The project‘s aim is to contribute to tional as well as from philosophical the research field of representation of points of view were presented. action dependent knowledge elements in knowledge spaces. Philosophical action theory distin- guishes different types of action. Action schemata are generated and it is explored, if and how far these can be modelled. Knowledge spaces are defined by action schemata and the relations bet- ween them. The aim is to provide a space Prof. Dr. Ruth Hagengruber organised the track “Com- Prof. Dr. Klaus Mainzer at the German Confer- putational Approaches to Mind and Action at the ence KI 2009 which took place on September for cooperative acting within the knowl- European Conference in Computing and Philosophy, 15 to 17th 2009 at the Heinz Nixdorf Forum edge space. Acts of cooperative acting Barcelona, July 2009 in Paderborn. [Tohma, Wikimedia Commons, are performed in time, therefore an ontol- lizenziert unter CreativeCommons-Lizenz by-sa- 3.0-de, URL: http://creativecommons.org/licen- ogical classification, whether actions are A keen interest in the track “History ses/by-sa/3.0/de/deed.de] substances or processes, is relevant in and Philosophical Foundations of AI” our research. organised by the research group Philoso- phie und Informatik within the German Conference KI 2009 at the University of Paderborn can be documented by the large number of submissions. The inter- nationally staffed programme committee included Prof. Dr. Luciano Floridi, pres- ident of the International Association of Computing and Philosophy IACAP and Prof. Dr. Walter Zimmerli, president Some actions can be considered as endurant enti- of the Technical University of Cottbus. ties, others can only be represented by processes Among the lecturers were contributions from France, Poland, Switzerland and the For a fairly long time the research on United States. Prof. Dr. Klaus Mainzer Artificial Intelligence has turned towards from the Technical University of Munich the exploration of the connection be- presented the keynote lecture of the phil- tween mental processes and actions. The osophical track. He demonstrated the concept of the “embodied mind” has led history and development of computation- to a large number of new developments. al techniques from the early beginnings There are intersecting fields of research in down to the present-day and associated cognitive science and action theory. The the link between Philosophy and Com- research group Philosophie und Informa- puter Science by showing their historical tik organised the track “Computational coherence. Approaches to Mind and Action” at the Supported by: VW Stiftung

Contact: Prof. Dr. Ruth Hagengruber E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 5251/60 23 08/9 Fax: +49 (0) 5251/60 37 44

http://kw.uni-paderborn.de/institute-einrich- tungen/institut-fuer-humanwissenschaften/ philosophie 92 Heinz Nixdorf Institute Annual Report 2009 Additional Activities 93

Additional Activities Additional Activities

Jahresbericht

 Publications

 PhD Theses

 Fairs, Conferences, Seminars

 Patents, Prizes, Awards

 Additional Functions

 Spin-Offs

 Current Research Projects

 Current Industry Co-operations

 Scientific Co-operations 94 Workgroups

Workgroup Business Computing, especially CIM Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Wilhelm Dangelmaier

maier, Wilhelm (Hrsg.) Self-x in Engineering, S. Döring, Andre: Effektivität und Effizienz zur pro- Publications 55–67, September 2009, MV Verlag blemspezifischen Abstraktion – ein Beitrag zum Dangelmaier, Wilhelm; Blecken, Alexander; Ruen- maschinellen Lernen von Regeln zur Steuerung von gener, Nando (Hrsg.) Nachhaltigkeit in flexiblen Suess, Tim; Fischer, Matthias; Huber, Daniel; Produktionsnetzwerken der Serienfertigung, Disser- Produktions- und Logistiknetzwerken, April 2009, La roque, Christoph; Dangelmaier, Wilhelm: Ein tation Universität Paderborn, April 2009. MV Verlag System zur aggregierten Visualisierung verteilter Materialflusssimulationen. In: Gausemeier, Jürgen; Dangelmaier, Wilhelm; Lentes, Joachim; Döring, Franke, Werner; Schmalz, Bernd; Timm, Thorsten; Grafe, Michael (Hrsg.) 8. Paderborner Workshop Andre: Neue Produktionsstrategien für die Auto- Blecken, Alexander: Klassifikations- und Ordnungs- “Augmented & Virtual Reality in der Produktentste- mobilindustrie. In: ATZproduktion, in print, Heft systematiken für SCM-Komponenten. In: Dangel- hung”, May 28–29 2009, HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe, 02/2009 Zugleich: Dangelmaier, W.; Lentes, J.; maier, Wilhelm; Blecken, Alexander; Ruengener, Volume 252, S. 111–126, Paderborn, May 2009 Döring, A.: New production strategies for automo- Nando (Hrsg.) Nachhaltigkeit in flexiblen Produk- tive industries. In: ATZproduktion, English, ePaper, tions- und Logistiknetzwerken, S. 181–192, April Danne, Christoph; Dangelmaier, Wilhelm: Assess- in print, Issue, February 2009 2009, MV Verlag ing the cost of assortment complexity in consumer goods supply chains by reconfiguration of inventory Klöpper, Benjamin: Ein Beitrag zur Verhaltenspla- Klöpper, Benjamin; Rust, Tobias; Timm, Thorsten; and production planning parameters in response nung für interagierende intelligente mechatronische Brüggemann, Daniel; Dangelmaier, Wilhelm: to assortment changes. In: Eymann, Torsten (Hrsg.) Systeme in nicht-deterministischen Umgebungen. OOPUS WEB: A MPC Customizing Platform with Bayreuther Arbeitspapiere zur Wirtschaftsinforma- Dissertation, Fakultät für Wirtschaftswissenschaf- Ergonomic Planning Interfaces. In: Proceedings tik, Bayreuther Arbeitspapiere zur Wirtschaftsinfor- ten, Universität Paderborn, HNI-Verlagsschriften- of the 1st International Conference on Business matik, Nr.40, S. 24–34, February 2009 reihe, Paderborn, Volume 253, 2009 Innovation and Information Technology, S. 91–103, January 2009, Logos Verlag Berlin Böhle, Carsten; Dangelmaier, Wilhelm; Hellingrath, Dumitrescu, Roman; Klöpper, Benjamin: Towards Bernd: Ein Ansatz für eine ressourceneffizientere Social-Software for the Efficient Reuse of Solution Danne, Christoph; Dangelmaier, Wilhelm: Setting Inbound-Logistik durch Integration mit der Produk- Patterns for Self-Optimzing Systems. In: Interna- Planning Buffers in MRP Driven Manufacturing tionsplanung. In: 14. Magdeburger Logistiktagung tional Joint Conference on Knowledge Discovery, Networks Considering Their Implications on Safety “Sustainable Logistics”, S. 47–56, 2009 Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Manage- Stock Cost. In: Proceedings of the of the 13 IFAC ment (IC3K) 2009, October 6–9 2009, INSTICC Symposium on Information Control Problems in Dangelmaier, Wilhelm; Klöpper, Benjamin: Verhal- PRESS Manufacturing, Moscow, Russia, June 2009 IFAC, tensplanung für mechatronische Systeme – Pla- Elsevier Science nung als Funktion in selbstoptimierenden Syste- Adelt, Philipp; Klöpper, Benjamin: Buildings Blocks men. wt Werkstattstechnik online, 2009(3): and Prototypical Implementation of a Hybrid Plan- Rust, Tobias; Dangelmaier, Wilhelm; Brüggemann, S. 123–129, March 2009 ning Architecture. In: Klöpper, Benjamin; Dangel- Daniel; Pater, Jan-Patrick: An approach for flexible maier, Wilhelm (Hrsg.) Self-x in Engineering, S. customer-supplier relationships with fixed delivery Klöpper, Benjamin; Dangelmaier, Wilhelm: Coor- 55–67, September 2009, MV Verlag (hni4037) contracts and quota agreements. In: Proceedings of dination of Self-Optimizing Mechatronic Systems the of the 13 IFAC Symposium on Information Con- – A New Application for Multi-Agent Planning. In: Klöpper, Benjamin; Sondermann-Wölke, Christoph; trol Problems in Manufacturing, Moscow, Russia, ICAART 2009 – International Conference on Agents Romaus, Christoph; Voecking, Henner: Probabilistic June 2009 IFAC, Elsevier Science and Artificial Intelligence, p. 312–317, Porto, Portu- Planning Integrated in a Multi-level Dependability gal, January 2009 INSTICC, INSTICC PRESS Concept for Mechatronic Systems. In: 2009 IEEE Blecken, Alexander; Schulz, Sabine F.; Hellingrath, Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Con- Bernd; Dangelmaier, Wilhelm: Humanitarian Sup- Klöpper, Benjamin; Rust, Tobias; Timm, Thorsten; trol and Automation, S. 104-111, March 30–April ply Chain Process Reference Model. International Dangelmaier, Wilhelm: A Customizing Platform for 2 2009 Journal of Services, Technology and Management, Individual Production Planning and Control Solu- 12(4): S. 391–413 2009 tions. In: Proceedings of Wirtschaftsinformatik 2009 Aufenanger, M.; Lipka, N.; Klöpper, B. & Dangel- – Business Services: Konzepte, Technologien und maier, W.: A Knowledge-Based Giffler-Thompson Dangelmaier, Wilhelm; Delius, Robin; Laroque, Anwendungen, Volume 2, S. 77–86, 2009, Österrei- Heuristic for Rescheduling Job-Shops, 2009 IEEE Christoph; Fischer, Matthias: Concepts for Model chische Computer Gesellschaft Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Verification and Validation during Simulation Run- Scheduling, IEEE, 2009 time. In: European Simulation and Modelling Confe- Aufenanger, Mark; Lipka, Nedim; Klöpper, Benja- rence (ESM 2009), S. 49–53, October 26–28 2009 min; Dangelmaier, Wilhelm: A Knowledge-Based Aufenanger, M.; Varnholt, H. & Dangelmaier, W.: EUROSIS, EUROSIS-ETI Giffler-Thompson Heuristic for Rescheduling Job- ADAPTIVE FLOW CONTROL IN FLEXIBLE FLOW SHOP Shops. In: 2009 IEEE Symposium on Computational PRODUCTION SYSTEMS – A KNOWLEDGE-BASED Böhle, Carsten; Dangelmaier, Wilhelm; Hellingrath, Intelligence in Scheduling, S. 21–28, March 30– APPROACH, Winter Simulation Conference, 2009, Bernd (Hrsg.) A Lot Sizing Model with Integrated April 2 2009 IEEE, IEEE accepted for Publication Tour Planning., January 1 2009, IFAC Bracht, Uwe; Pauleser, Thomas; Filter, Arno; Böhle, El-Kebbe, Dania Adnan; Danne, Christoph: On Dangelmaier, Wilhelm; Degener, Bastian: Online Carsten: Planung und Änderung von Anlagendaten Adapting Neural Network to Cellular Manufacturing. optimization with discrete lotsizing production and im Rahmen der Digitalen Fabrik. ZwF Zeitschrift für In: Bertelle, Cyrille; Duchamp, Gerard H.E. (Hrsg.) rolling horizons. In: 2nd International Conference wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb: S. 194–199, March Complex Systems and Self-organization Modelling, on Dynamics in Logistics 2009 2009 Understanding Complex Systems, S. 83–93. Sprin- ger, Berlin / Heidelberg 2009 Klöpper, Benjamin; Dangelmaier, Wilhelm (Hrsg.) Hellingrath, Bernd; Witthaut, Markus; Böhle, Self-x in Engineering. MV Verlag, September 2009 Carsten; Bruegger, Stephan: An Organizational Blecken, Alexander; Rottkemper, Beate; Danne, Knowledge Ontology for Automotive Supply Chains. Christoph; Hellingrath, Bernd: A Typology of Opera- Dumitrescu, Roman; Gausemeier, Jürgen; Dangel- In: Holonic and Multi-Agent Systems for Manufac- tions Research Methods in Humanitarian Logistics. maier, Wilhelm; Klöpper, Benjamin: Solution turing, Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, S. In: Proceedings of the Second International Huma- Pattern for the Development of Self-Optimizing 37–46, August 2009, Springer-Verlag nitarian Logistics Symposium, Faringdon, March Systems. In: Klöpper, Benjamin; Dangelmaier, 2009 Wilhelm (Hrsg.) Self-x in Engineering, S. 39–54, Böhle, Carsten; Hellingrath, Bernd; van Hueth, Jan: September 2009, MV Verlag A Framework for the Development of Multi-Agent Systems in Supply Chain Management. In: Pro- Adelt, Philipp; Klöpper, Benjamin: Buildings Blocks ceedings of the Forty-Second Annual Hawaii Inter- and Prototypical Implementation of a Hybrid Plan- national Conference on System Sciences, January ning Architecture. In: Klöpper, Benjamin; Dangel- 5–8 2009, IEEE Computer Society Additional Activities 95

are of increasing complexity. By using partial mod- looked up are shown in the form of four hierarchi- PhD Theses els of different complexity, the complexity of the cally arranged partial models, which base in each Dr. rer. pol. Andre Döring model as a whole can be reduced or adapted to case on a mathematical optimization model. Effectivity and efficiency by problem-specific the available computer resources. In an immersive Because the questions are dependent on each abstraction – a contribution to the research in simulation environment the complexity, and with it other, coordination processes are defined for the machine learning of rules for managing series pro- the model accuracy, can be adjusted dynamically to implementation of these partial models in the duction networks the user focus by exchanging partial models of dif- operational practice. Besides, by identification Current academic and industry-oriented research ferent complexity. This dissertation deals with the numbers an escalation, i.e. the new planning by in the area of business computing for Supply Chain question how simplified partial models with specif- higher partial models is allowed beside the Top- Management focuses on the development of intelli- ic properties concerning complexity and behavioral Down implementation. Afterwards, the developed gent control methods for production networks. The deviation can be generated automatically, starting procedure is evaluated with the help of a practice combination of artificial intelligence and business with an original model of high complexity. Addition- example. computing methods enables the development of ally, how can simulation state mappings for the real new approaches for an automated and fast eradi- time exchange of partial models be created. These Dr. rer. pol. Jan Wesemann cation of infeasible plans in production networks. problems are solved by firstly defining a set of com- A contribution to the benchmarking of planning In order to fulfill this objective, this doctoral thesis ponent classes, whose parameterized and linked procedures for the production planning and control presents a concept for a machine learning system instances build the models. These models are sim- for the multistage job-oriented quantity production that learns rules to manage change planning proc- plified in a control loop to reduce model complexity in the automobile ancillary industry esses in series production networks. The developed with hardly affecting model behavior. Therefore Part One of the work concentrates upon the search system reduces the large state space of series metrics for complexity and behavioral deviation are for a possibility to compare planning procedures production networks and deals with uncertainty developed and a control loop algorithm is created. of the production planning and control for different of inter-company decisions during co-operative For simplification the techniques aggregation and planning problems objectively. In addition, the change planning processes. A plan-based distance omission are used and integrated into the control planning problem, the simulation of the production function, integrated in k-means-clustering, reduces loop. The state mapping uses the creation-relation process and the planning procedures were decou- the state space of production networks in a scalable between components in the partial models of dif- pled of each other. way. Q-Learning has been chosen for implementing ferent complexity created by simplification. Along Part Two of the work focuses the problem, that the learning system. Q-Learning uses a cost-based these relations, token, representing jobs, are trans- automotive supplier’s must be able to deliver with a reward function regarding planning restrictions and ferred and following these, the rest of the state fluctuating need of the customers, e.g. Volkswagen, co-operation agreements in production networks. elements. Concluding the developed methods are any time and of minimum costs for all periods. In validated with realistic test models. addition, planning strategies were developed as a Dr. rer. pol. Christoph Danne contribution to the production planning and control Assessing the cost of assortment complexity in Dr. rer. pol Benjamin Klöpper as well as for the planning and production control consumer goods supply chains by reconfiguration A contribution to behavioral planning for engaged, under insecurity. of inventory and production planning parameters in intelligent, mechatronic systems in non-determin- response to assortment changes istic environments Dr. rer. pol. Mark Aufenanger Complexity management and management of There are various possible performance indicators Situationally Trained Rules for Flow Control in assortment variety in particular are the subject mat- to evaluate the quality of job fulfillment of technical Production Systems and their Integration in Simu- ter of many strategic decisions in consumer goods systems. Further improvement of the system behav- lation Systems industries. As the assortment of a company evolves ior is enabled by the conclusion that the relevance The doctoral thesis “Situationally Trained Rules continuously by introducing new or discontinuing of and the relationship between these performance for Flow Control in Production Systems and their existing product variants, the important question dimensions depend on the current situation. Integration in Simulation Systems” addresses the is “What effects on the configuration of the produc- Mechatronic systems integrate electronic and sensitive entrepreneurial problem of production tion and distribution network and related costs can mechanicals systems supplemented by information optimization. Time-critical scheduling is in the be expected if the assortment is changed in a par- processing capabilities. With actors, sensors and focus of the research. ticular way?”. This work presents an approach to a information processing mechatronic systems have The developed method achieves to come up with decision support system that models assortments the basic abilities to implement rational behavior. a solution for planning problems of machine sche- together with their production and distribution In this case, they may be called intelligent. duling in linear time. Furthermore, the solution structures and optimises a set of assortment-de- Planning as an important mean to realize rational space is confined considerably because only active pendent parameters to adapt the production and and thus intelligent behavior is rarely used in the schedules are generated. The optimal schedule distribution system to a certain assortment. Two context of mechatronics. This thesis contains fun- is always an active one with respect to the target mathematical optimisation models are formulated damental concepts to apply the planning methods function. In situations which require a decision, to decide about the allocation of inventories within from artificial intelligence to mechatronic systems. the method creates a conflict set containing all the network and determine several production exe- In focus of the work are in particular the integration relevant jobs. A machine learning component is cution related parameters. Given the application of of continuous processes into discrete planning lan- integrated to resolve the conflict set adequately. the optimisation methods to both a baseline model guages, planning under uncertainty, and multiagent This procedure selects the appropriate priority rule and alternative assortment scenarios, a compara- planning. The developed methods and concept are for the situation based on attributes which describe tive cost analysis can be carried out to assess the evaluated on application examples from the “Neue the situation. It ensures that only one path, which effects of changing assortment complexity. The Bahntechnik Paderborn”. leads to a good solution, has to be followed. The main advantage of this scenario-based approach time period prior to the production process is used is that effects can be assessed more precisely due Dr. rer. pol. Thorsten Timm to train the machine learning component by gener- to the previous adaptation to the new assortment. A procedure for the hierarchical structural plan- ating exemplary solutions. The developed method The optimised models provide decision-relevant ning, dimension planning and material require- can be adapted at run-time. information both about the expected cost effects as ments planning of manufacturing systems The method is evaluated against alternative well as about the required changes in the configura- Enterprises are forced in addition by the increasing methods using standardized benchmark problems tion of the production and distribution network. The competition pressure to make cost-optimally and to and obtained very good results. developed methods are implemented in a prototype adapt themselves immediately to changing condi- decision support system (DSS) and validated in a tions. Besides, is to be considered that the enterpri- Dr. rer. pol. Alexander Blecken real-world scenario by analysing potential assort- ses on the inquiry side as well as on the supply side A Reference Task Model for Supply Chain Pro- ment changes for the case of an international con- are integrated into globalized markets. The present cesses of Humanitarian Organisations sumer goods manufacturer. work deals with the question how structuring and The past decade has seen an ever increasing dimensioning of the manufacturing facilities of an number of natural and man-made disasters. The Dr. rer. pol. Daniel Huber enterprise can be optimally planned in this situa- international community addresses the resulting Controlled Simplification of Hierarchical Partitions tion. Moreover, the procedures used in the material humanitarian crises with concerted efforts and of Material Flow Simulation Models requirements planning are selected and configured supports the affected communities in their survival Models of discrete event material flow simulation accordingly of these decisions. The questions by delivering essential goods and services ranging 96 Workgroups

from food aid, water and sanitation services, to European automotive suppliers and manufacturers Interdisciplinary cooperation project: Neue Bahn- providing shelter and basic health care. Although have met, e.g. Continental Automotive Systems, ZF technik Paderborn NBP logistics and supply chain management activities Friedrichshafen, BMW and Volkswagen with leading Here the project group develops among other things account for a large part of total expenditures in research institutes like Heinz Nixdorf institute and an agent-based, absolutely distributed operational such operations, these have frequently not yet been the Fraunhofer Institute in Stuttgart (IPA) to indicate concept for an objective-adjusted traffic. recognised as key levers to improve effectiveness new ways for the optimization of the Supply Chain. and efficiency of humanitarian organisations. Dr. The contents of most talks as well as further infor- Project “Leitstand 2012” within the ZIEL-2 Produk- Alexander Blecken investigates the tasks and mation are available to all prospective customers tion.NRW challenge responsibilities of humanitarian organisations and of the called subjects under www.pbft.de. There the The project‘s goal is the innovative design of a inter- their supply chain partners when designing, plan- conference proceedings can be covered in electron- company control center for SMEs, based on actual ning, and implementing supply chain processes for ic form. IT-technology and service-oriented architectures. humanitarian operations. He systematically pre- Thereby, SMEs shall gather competences and sur- sents the tasks of supply chain management in the plus values, in order to lower production costs and context of humanitarian operations under consid- Additional Functions improve effetivity. ration of both short-term disaster relief and mid- Member of the research advisory board of the BVL  term humanitarian aid. A reference task model is Member of the senate of the DFG  developed which can be used by humanitarian Member of advisory committee of Cartec Lippstadt  Current Industry Co-operations organisations as a tool for process modelling and Member of advisory committee of Paderborner Daimler AG  design in the areas of logistics and supply chain Center for Parallel Computing (PC²) Development of methods for the handling of vari- management. A number of supply chain processes Head of Competence Center PPS-SCM-Systeme, ants in work-cycle oriented assemblies  illustrate the flexible application of the reference EAI-Systeme, Elektronische Marktplätze as well as task model. CAS-CRm-Systeme der NetSkill AG Freudenberg & Co. KG Member of acatech – GERMAN ACADEMY OF SCI- Reduction of the number of variants in the internati-  ENCE AND ENGINEERING, member since 2008 onal supply-chain ‘customer’ Fairs, Conferences, Seminars The 11th Paderborner spring conference “Sustain- Keiper GmbH & Co. KG ability on adaptable production and delivery net- Current Research Projects Implementation of a production planning an sched- works” EU: “AC/DC – Advanced Chassis Development for uling system for the manufacturing of components The conference on “Sustainability on adaptable 5-Day-Car”, especially: production and delivery networks”, known as 11th Task 2100: Development of the Dynamic Supply Knorr Bremse AG  Paderborner Spring Conference on the 2nd of April Loop Concept planning of the production network of the Knorr 2009 took place again at the Heinz Nixdorf Insti- Task 2200: Development of the collaborative Bremse AG.  tute in Paderborn. Within the scope new research Forecasting attempts as well as practiced-experience were Task 2300: Development of an ontology for the TRW Automotive AG  presented according the latest achievements within planning consistency Hierachical production planning under warranty of enterprise networks. Besides, the subjects were Task 2400: Concept for Real-Time Event Handling material availability and human ressources at TRW  analyzed from the perceptions by research and in the supply-chain Automotive AG practise to inspire new solution attempts by the Task 2600: Distributed development and testing  different perspectives. of mechatronic components Volkswagen AG A special focus of the conference lay on the project Development of an integrated production planning promoted by the European Commision AC/DC, DFG: software fort the manufacturing of motors at the fa- which aims in reducing the processing time in SFB 614: “Self-Optimizing Concept and Structure in cilities Chemnitz and Salzgitter the European automotive industry down to a five mechanical engineering” day car approach. In world-wide competition the project A2: “Behavior-orientated Self-Optimization” automotive industry differentiates by a high cus- Goal is the formulation of a behavior-orientated Scientific Co-operations tomer specificity of the products. At the same time self-optimization. It dynamically adjusts the behav- INESC Porto, Portugal the customers demand extremely short delivery ior of a mechatronic system to its environment, Prof. Dr. J.P. Sousa times. Today’s processing time of a vehicle from the without the use of explicit models. customer order to the delivery amounts about forty TU Dresden, IAVT days - partly originated by the complicated logistic NRW-Graduate-School “Graduate School of Dynamic Dr. Gerald Weigert handling of many millions vehicle variations in the Intelligent Systems” production. In the project’s consortium, famous Additional Activities 97

Workgroup Product Engineering Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jürgen Gausemeier

ning. IT-based Strategic Foresight. Proceedings of tional Conference on Engineering Design (ICED`09), Publications IAMOT 2009, 18th International Conference for the August 24–27 2009, Stanford, CA, USA, 2009 Gausemeier, J.; Radkowski, R.; Waßmann, H.: Virtu- International Association of Management of Tech- elle und erweiterte Realität zur Analyse komplexer nology, April 5–9 2009, Orlando, Flordia, USA Gausemeier, J.; Schäfer, W.; Greenyer, J.; Kahl, S.; mechatronischer Systeme. In: ZwF – Zeitschrift Pook, S.; Rieke, J.: Management of Cross-Domain für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb, ZwF Jahrg. 104 Gausemeier, J.; Berssenbrügge, J.; Grafe, M.; Kahl, Model Consistency during the Development of (2009). Vol. 11, Carl Hanser Verlag, München, 2009 S.: Desgin and VR/AR-based Testing of Advanced Advanced Mechatronic Systems. In: Proceedings of Mechatronic Systems. In: Proceedings of 2nd Sino- the 17th International Conference on Engineering Gausemeier, J.; Plass, C.; Wenzelmann, C.: German Workshop “Virtual Reality & Augmented Design (ICED`09), August 24–27 2009, Stanford, Zukunftsorientierte Unternehmensgestaltung – Reality in Industry”, April 16–17 2009, Shanghai, CA, USA, 2009 Strategien, Geschäftsprozesse und IT-Systeme für China, Springer-Verlag Heidelberg, 2009 die Produktion von morgen. Carl Hanser Verlag, Gausemeier, J.; Pöschl, M.; Deyter, S.; Kaiser, L.: München, Wien, 2009 Gausemeier, J.; Grafe, M. (Hrsg.): 8. Paderborner Modeling and Analyzing Fault Tolerant Mechatronic Workshop “Augmented & Virtual Reality in der Systems. In: Proceedings of the 17th Internation- Gausemeier, J.; Brink, V.; Ihmels, S.: Technolo- Produktentstehung”, HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe, al Conference on Engineering Design (ICED`09), gieorientiertes Innovationsmanagement mit der Volume 252, Paderborn, Mai 28–29 2009 August 24–27 2009, Stanford, CA, USA, 2009 Innovations-Datenbank. Industrie Management 25, Ausgabe 1, 2009 Kreft, S.; Gausemeier, J.; Grafe, M.; Matyszok, Gausemeier, J.: Entwurf selbstoptimierender C.: Konzeption von Wearable Augmented Reality Systeme. In: Tagungsband Konstruktionsmethodik Reyes-Perez, M.; Gausemeier, J.; Nordsiek, D.: On- Anwendungen für die Ausbildung in der Automobi- für Fahrzeugkonzepte. Konstruktionskolloquium tology Development for a Manufacturing Data Base lindustrie. In: Gausemeier, J.; Grafe, M. (Hrsg.): 8. der Gesellschaft für Konstruktionstechnik, Braun- for Products with graded Properties. In: Proceedings Paderborner Workshop “Augmented & Virtual Rea- schweig e.V., May 8 2009, Braunschweig, 2009 of eKNOW 2009, International Conference on Infor- lity in der Produktentstehung”, Mai 28–29 2009, mation, Process, and Knowledge Management, HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe, Volume 252, Paderborn, Gausemeier, J.: Zukunftsorientierte Unternehmens- February 1–7 2009, Cancun, Mexico 2009 gestaltung – Strategien, Geschäftsprozesse und IT-Systeme für die Produktion von morgen. ZwF – Gausemeier, J.; Frank, U.; Donoth, J.; Kahl, S.: Gausemeier, J.; Pfänder, T.; Wenzelmann, C.: Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb, ZwF Specification technique for the description of self- Strategische Unternehmensführung mit Szenario- Jahrg. 104 (2009) 7–8 optimizing mechatronic systems. In: Research in Management. In: Bullinger, H.-J.; Spath, D.; Engineering Design, Vol. 20, Number 4, November Warnecke, H.-J.; Westkämper, E. (Hrsg.): Handbuch Gausemeier, J.; Lehner, M.; Stoll, K.: Systematische 2009, Springer-Verlag, London, 2009 Unternehmens-organisation – Strategien, Planung, Entwicklung von Geschäftsstrategiealternativen. Umsetzung. 3 new Edition, Springer-Verlag Berlin Industrie Management 25 (2009) 4 Gausemeier, J.; Brink, V.; Ihmels, S.; Kokoschka, Heidelberg, 2009 M.; Reymann, F.: Strategic Product- and Technology- Dumitrescu, R.; Gausemeier, J.; Romaus, C.: Planning with the Innvoation-Database. In: Proceed- Warkentin, A.; Gausemeier, J.; Herbst, J.: An Towards the Design of Cognitive Functions in Self- ings of IEEE International Conference on Industrial Approach for a Needs-Driven Definition of a Optimizing Systems Exemplified by a Hybrid Energy Technology (ICIT2009), Gippsland, Victoria, Austra- Function-Oriented representation in the Automotive Storage System. In: Proceedings of the 10th Inter- lia, 2009 Domain. In: Proceedings of the 16th European Con- national Workshop on Research and Education in current Engineering Conference 2009 (ECEC’2009), Mechatronics (REM2009), September 10–11 2009, Warkentin, A.; Gausemeier, J.; Herbst. J.: Function April 15–17 2009, Bruges, Belgium Glasgow, UK, 2009 Orientation beyond Development – Use Cases in the Late Phases of the Product Life Cycle. In: Pro- Steffen, D.; Gausemeier, J.; Kahl, S.: Development Kreft, S.; Gausemeier, J.; Matysczok, C.: Towards ceedings of CIRP Design Conference 2009, March of Modularized Mechatronic Products. In: 2. Grazer Wearable Augmented Reality in Automotive Assem- 29–30 2009, Cranfield, UK Symposium Virtuelles Fahrzeug, April 27–28 2009, bly Training. In: Proceedings of IDETC/CIE 2009 Graz, Österreich ASME International Design Engineering Technical Gausemeier, J.; Rammig, F.; Schäfer, W.; Trächtler, Conferences & Computers and Information in Engi- A.: (Hrsg.): 6. Paderborner Workshop “Entwurf Gausemeier, J.: Neue Perspektiven für den Maschi- neering Conference, August 30–September 2 2009, mechatronischer Systeme”, April 2–3 2009, HNI- nen- und Fahrzeugbau durch Selbstoptimierung. San Diego, California, USA, 2009 Verlagsschriftenreihe, Volume 250, Paderborn, Industrie Management 25 (2009) 3 2009 Dumitrescu, R.; Klöpper, B; Gausemeier, J.; Dangel- Gausemeier, J.; Kreft, S.; Matysczok, C.: From Wear- maier, W.: Solution Patterns for the Development Warkentin, A.; Gausemeier, J.; Herbst, J.: Konzep- able Computing to Augmented Reality – Context- of Self-Optimizing Systems. In: Proceedings of tion eines funktionsorientierten Produktmodells sensitive Enhancement of Reality by Wearable 32nd Annual Conference on Artificial Intelligence zur Nutzung in den nachgelagerten Phasen des Augmented Reality Applications. University of Workshop on Self-X in Mechatronics and other Produktlebenszyklus. In: Gausemeier, J.; Rammig, Paderborn, Heinz Nixdorf Institute, 2009 Engineering Applications, September 15–19 2009, F.; Schäfer, W.; Trächtler, A.: (Hrsg.): 6. Paderborner Paderborn, 2009 Workshop “Entwurf mechatronischer Systeme”, Peitz, T.; Gausemeier, J.; Kaiser, I.: Integration von April 2–3 2009, HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe, Volume Mechanik und Elektronik – Produktoptimierung mit Gausemeier, J.: Entscheider brauchen Alternativen 250, Paderborn, 2009 MID. Konstruktion, Juni 6 2009 – Ein Verfahren zur systematischen Entwicklung von Geschäftsstrategiealternativen für produzierende Pöschl, M.; Gausemeier, J.; Deyter, S.: Methode zur Gausemeier, J.; Stoll, K.; Wenzelmann, C.: Future Unternehmen. In: Mieke, C.; Behrens S. (Hrsg.): Ent- effizienten Modellierung und Analyse fehlertole- Oriented Strategy Development and Implementa- wicklungen in Produktionswissenschaft und Tech- ranter mechatronischer Systeme. In: Gausemeier, tion using the Strategy Roadbook. In: Proceedings nologieforschung. Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH, 2009 J.; Rammig, F.; Schäfer, W.; Trächtler, A.: (Hrsg.): 6. of The XX ISPIM Conference and The R&D Manage- Paderborner Workshop “Entwurf mechatronischer ment Conference 2009, June 21–24 2009, Vienna, Brandis, R.; Gausemeier, J.; Nordsiek, D.; Reyes- Systeme”, April 2–3 2009, HNI-Verlagsschriften- Austria Perez, M.: A Holistic Approach for the Conceptual reihe, Volume 250, Paderborn, 2009 Design of Production Systems regarding the Inter- Dettmer, D.; Brökelmann, J; Gausemeier, J.: Descrip- action between Product and Production System. In: Gausemeier, J.; Köster, O.; Kokoschka, M.; Lehner, tion of Components with Graded Properites. In: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on M.: IT-based Strategic Foresight. In: Proceedings of Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering Changeable, Agile, Reconfigurable and Virtual Pro- IAMOT 2009, 18th International Conference for the 2009, WCE 2009, July 1–3 2009, London, U.K. duction (CARV 2009). October 5–7 2009, Munich, International Association of Management of Tech- Germany, 2009 nology, April 5–9 2009, Orlando, Flordia, USA Gausemeier, J.; Steffen, D.; Donoth, J.; Kahl, S.: Con- ceptual Design of Modularized Advanced Mecha- Reyes-Perez, M.; Wagner, T.; Dettmer, D.; Biermann, Gausemeier, J.; Brink, V.; Kokoschka, M.; Reymann, tronic Systems. In: Proceedings of the 17th Interna- D.; Gausemeier, J.: A Procedure Model for Manufac- F.: Scenario-based Product and Technology Plan- 98 Workgroups

turing Process Planning of Proudcts with Graded April 2–3 2009, HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe, Volume ference on Engineering Design (ICED09), August Properties. In: Proceedings of the 3rd International 250, Paderborn, 2009 24–27 2009, Stanford, CA, 2009 Conference on Changeable, Agile, Reconfigurable and Virtual Production (CARV 2009). October 5–7 Dumitrescu, R.: Design Systematics for the Integra- Radkowski, R.; Linnemann, M.: Image-based 2009, Munich, Germany, 2009 tion of Cognitive Functions in Intelligent Mecha- Lighting für realitätsnahe Beleuchtung in Augment- tronic Systems. In: Proceedings des gemeinsamen ed Reality-Anwendungen. In: Gausemeier, J.; Grafe, Reyes-Perez, M.; Brökelmann, J.; Gausemeier, J.: Workshops des Informatik-Graduiertenkollegs und M. (Hrsg.): 8. Paderborner Workshop “Augmented Towards an Expert System for the Manufacturing Forschungskollegs. Dagstuhl, 2009 & Virtual Reality in der Produktentstehung”, May System Planning of Products with Graded Proper- 28–29 2009, HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe, Volume ties. In: Proceedings of the International Conference Dumitrescu, R.; Klöpper, B: Towards Social-Software 252, Paderborn, 2009 on Knowledge Engineering and Ontology Develop- for the Efficient Reuse of Solution Patterns for Self- ment (KEOD 2009). October 6–8 2009, Funchal, optimizing Systems. International Conference on Radkowski, R.; Linnemann, M.: Photometric Regis- Madeira, Portugal, 2009 Knowledge Engineering and Ontology Development tration in Augmented Reality Applications with 2009. October 6–8 2009, Madeira, Portugal, 2009 Realtime Image-based Lighting. In: IADIS Computer Gausemeier, J.; Reymann, F.; Stoll, K.: Developing Graphics, Visualization, Computer Vision and Image Products, Services or Product-Service-Systems to Dorociak, R.: Visualisierung komplexer Produktent- Processing 2009 (CGVCVIP2009), Algarve, Portugal, Satisfy the Customers’ Need. In: Proceedings of the wicklungsprozesse. In: Berliner Kreis Jahrestagung, June 20–22 2009 2nd ISPIM Innovation Symposium, New York, USA, November 14–15 2009, Ulm, 2009 December 6–9 2009 Radkowski, R.; Zabel, H.: Kommunikationsserver zur Dorociak, R.: Visualisierung komplexer Produktent- dynamischen Kopplung mechatronischer Systeme Gausemeier, J.; Brökelmann, J.; Dettmer, D.: Ferti- wicklungsprozesse. In: BINZ, H. (Hrsg.): Zukunft an Augmented Reality-Anwendungen. In: Schenk, gungsprozessplanung für gradierte Bauteile. ZwF der globalen Produktentstehung – Tagungsband M. (Hrsg.): 12. IFF-Wissenschaftstage, Virtual Reality – Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb, ZwF zur Jahrestagung des Berliner Kreises, November und Augmented Reality zum Planen, Testen und Jahrg. 104 (2009) 11 13–14 2009, IKTD Bericht Nr. 572, Stuttgart, 2009 Betreiben technischer Systeme, June 17–18 2009, Magdeburg, 2009 Gausemeier, J.; Kaiser, L.; Pook, S.: FMEA von kom- Geiger, C.; Reckter, H.; Dumitrescu, R.; Kahl, S.; plexen mechatronischen Systemen auf Basis der Berssenbrügge, J.: A Zoomable User Interface for Steffen, D.; Kahl, S.: Mechatronische Produktar- Spezifikation der Prinziplösung. ZwF – Zeitschrift Presenting Hierarchical Diagrams on Large Screens. chitektur – zentraler Startpunkt der Produktent- für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb, ZwF Jahrg. 104 13th International Conference on Human-Computer wicklung. In: ProdukDatenJournal, Ausgabe 2.200, (2009) 11 Interaction, July 19–24 2009, San Diego, 2009 ProSTEP iViP e.V., Darmstadt, 2009

Gausemeier, J. (Hrsg.): Vorausschau und Techno- Gerstmayr, L.; Röben, F.; Krzykawski, M.; Kreft, S.; Geiger, Ch.; Reckter, H.; Dimutrescu, R.; Kahl, S.; logieplanung – 5. Symposium für Vorausschau Venjakob, D.: Möller, R.: A vision-based trajectory Berssenbrügge, J.: A Zoomable User Interface for und Technologieplanung, November 19–20 2009, controller for autonomous cleaning robots. In: 21. Presenting Hierarchical Diagrams on Large Screens. Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissen- Fachgespräch Autonome Mobile Systeme (AMS), In: Proceedings of HCI International 2009, July schaften, HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe, Volume 265, Informatik Aktuell Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New 19–24 2009, San Diego, CA, USA Paderborn, 2009 York 2009 Geiger, Ch.; Stöcklein, J.; Berssenbrügge, J.; Paelke, Gausemeier, J.; Lehner, M.; Reymann, F.: Zukunfts- Kaiser, L.; Nordsiek, D.; Terfloth, A.: Softwarege- V.: Mixed Reality Design of Control Strategies. In: szenarien in der Retroperspektive – was bringt die stützte Konzipierung komplexer mechatronischer Proceedings of ASME IDETC&CIE 2009, August Szenario-Technik tatsächlich? In: Gausemeier, J. Systeme und der zugehörigen Produktionssysteme. 30–September 2, San Diego, CA, USA (Hrsg.): 5. Symposium für Vorausschau und Tech- In: ATZ Elektronik, GWV Fachverlage GmbH, Wies- nologieplanung, November 19–20 2009, Berlin- baden, 2009 Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften, PhD Theses HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe, Volume 265, Paderborn, Müller, S.; Schimmel, B.; Geiger, C.; Reckter, H.; Dr.-Ing. Sven-Kelana Christiansen 2009 Dumitrescu, R.; Weinreich, P.; Schulze, S.: Eine Method for the classification and development of skalierbare Benutzerschnittstelle zur Visualisierung maturity based models for appraising and enhanc- Brink, V.; Ihmels, S.; Gausemeier, J.: Informations- komplexer Diagramme. Mensch und Computer ing performance system für ein holistisches Innovationsmanage- 2009, September 6–9 2009, Berlin, 2009 Innovative products and services which create high ment. In: Gausemeier, J. (Hrsg.): 5. Symposium für value in due course for customers are the result of Vorausschau und Technologieplanung, November Paiz, C.; Pohl, C.; Hagemeyer, J.; Radkowski, R.; well structured business processes. To increase 19–20 2009, Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie Porrmann, M.; Rückert, U.: FPGA-in-the-Loop-Simu- competitiveness sustainable, organisations have der Wissenschaften, HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe, lations for Dynamically Reconfigurable Applica- to improve the performance of processes continu- Volume 265, Paderborn, 2009 tions. In: Proc. of the 2009 International Conference ously. A key factor of business process manage- on Field-Programmable Technology (FPT‘09). Syd- ment is the use of maturity based models for app- Reyes-Perez, M.; Wagner, T.; Dettmer, D.; Bier- ney, Australia, December 9–11 2009 raising and enhancing performance. The present mann, D.; Gausemeier, J.: In: Proceedings of the work focuses on the following two aspects: 1st the 3rd International Conference on Changeable, Agile, Pohl, C.; Waßmann, H.: Wahrnehmungsgerechte development of a classification for maturity models Reconfigurable and Virtual Production (CARV 2009). Präsentation von Designentwürfen mit Hilfe von and 2nd the formulation of a method for a struc- October 5–7 2009, Munich, Germany, 2009 Augmented Reality. In: Gausemeier, J.; Grafe, M. tured development of maturity based models for (Hrsg.): 8. Paderborner Workshop “Augmented appraising and enhancing performance especially Reyes-Perez, M.; Brökelmann, J.; Gausemeier, J.: & Virtual Reality in der Produktentstehung”, May for small and medium sized companies located in Towards an Expert System for the Manufacturing 28–29 2009, HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe, Volume mechanical and plant engineering as well as related System Planning of Products with Graded Proper- 252, Paderborn, 2009 branches. Within the framework of the classification ties. In: Proceedings of the International Conference five generic model classes have been identified on Knowledge Engineering and Ontology Deve- Radkowski, R.: Software-Agents for On-demand Au- upon which all maturity models can be traced back lopment (KEOD 200). October 6–8 2009, Funchal, thoring of Mobile AR-Applications. In: 13th Interna- to. The classification allows clearly representing Madeira, Portugal, 2009 tional Conference on Human-Computer Interaction and easily identifying current maturity models by (HCI International 2009), July 19–24 2009, San using only few concise attributes. The method for Deyter, S.; Lackmann, L.; Holst, J.C.; Thesing, W.; Diego, CA, USA, 2009 the development of maturity models for appraising Middendorf, A.; Steffen, D.: Frühzeitige Zuverlässig- and enhancing performance is based on the previ- keitsbewertung miniaturisierter mechatronischer Radkowski, R.; Linnemann, M.: Applicability of ously formulated classification. A procedure model Robotermodule. In: Gausemeier, J.; Rammig, F.; Image-based Lighting for an Augmented Reality- which consists of five phases has been developed. Schäfer, W.; Trächtler, A.: (Hrsg.): 6. Paderborner based Design Review. In: 17th International Con- The procedure model allows a structured develop- Workshop “Entwurf mechatronischer Systeme”, Additional Activities 99

ment of maturity models based on the five identi- Two demonstrators of the Collaborative Research systems. At the additional exhibition, the experts fied generic model classes. Center 614 “Self-Optimizing Concepts and Struc- were able to share their experiences on engineering tures in Mechanical Engineering” are selected to and products. Special highlight was the closing of Dr.-Ing. Stephan Ihmels validate the methodology developed in this work. the cooperative project InZuMech. Procedure for an integrated IT-based support for The demonstrators consist of a self-optimizing 2nd and 3rd of April 2009, Heinz Nixdorf Museums- the innovation management motor drive and an autonomous railway convoy. Forum, Paderborn Companies are forced to develop high quality product innovations more quickly and for a more Dr.-Ing. Karsten Stoll VDMA Information Event “More reliable mechatronic attractive price. This is based on the one hand on Planning and Conceptual Design of Customer systems” faster changing customer demands and increasing Solutions At the closing information event “More reliable globalised competition. On the other hand the In order to secure a company’s success in the long mechatronic systems” results of the recently fin- development of future technologies enables opti- run, product innovations alone are no longer suffi- ished as well as ongoing research projects which mized or even new products. That is why technology cient. New solutions are necessary because today’s emerged from the call for proposals “More reliable push and market pull both have to be considered. customers demand not simply a product but prob- mechatronic systems” of the Federal Ministry of Innovation management approaches focus on the lem solutions. These problem solutions normally Economics and Technology were presented. The systematic development of product innovation. The consist of a combination of (material) products and research group presented the results of the cooper- probability of success yet is determined in the fuzzy (immaterial) services. The solutions have certain ative project InZuMech as well as the new cooper- front-end of innovation. But particularly here there characteristics that influence the engineering proc- ative project TransferProjektMechatronik together is a lack of adequate descriptions of innovation ess. These are for example specialized tailoring to with the corresponding internet platform www. management processes and methods and a lack of suit a specific customer need, the immateriality of TransMechatronic.de. IT-based support to handle and exploit knowledge the serviceproportion, the integration of the cus- 14th of October 2009, Frankfurt/Main efficiently and effectively. tomer and various combination possibilities, as The present work comprises a procedure for a syste- well as the high complexity. 8th Paderborn Workshop “Augmentend & Virtual matic innovation management process that consi- Obviously there is a demand for a methodology to Reality in Product Engineering” ders the two aspects market pull and technology plan and design solutions that considers the char- The workshop addresses experts from industry push. The market pull process defines new product acteristics mentioned above. The methodology de- and academia and provides a panel to present and ideas up from future market potentials and speci- veloped in this thesis fulfills this demand: Firstly discuss research results and industrial application fies the idea in the form of a development release. present and future needs are identified by fully inte- within the field of AR and VR. The technology push process identifies new techno- grating the customer. The similarity of the identified 28th and 29th of May 2009, Heinz Nixdorf Muse- logies that will facilitate new or better products. needs is analyzed and then they are combined umsForum, Paderborn Market pull and technology push are aligned according to the degree of their similarity. The inter- throughout the process. The result is being visua- mediate result is a ranking of combinable needs. Sino-German Workshop “Virtual Reality & Augment- lized in an innovation roadmap. The conception of In order to satisfy the needs with the highest rank- ed Reality in Industry” the IT-based support is described by requirements ing solutions have to be identified. For this purpose The workshop, which was co-organized by the “Joint of the process and by a conceptual data model. established methods from product engineering are Competence Center Virtual & Augmented Reality” The conception represents the generic innovation used. After finding solutions these are then com- of the Heinz Nixdorf Institute and the Jiao Tong management process and enables the systemati- bined to consolidate an overall solution. Due to the University in Shanghai, aims to demonstrate the zation and usage of relevant knowledge. It is vali- various combination possibilities, as well as the potentials of Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality dated by an anonymised example from the medical high complexity, the method of combination anal- to enterprises from China. technology sector. ysis is used. The most attractive overall solution is 16th and 17th of April 2009, Shanghai Museum of then selected and specified in detail. Science and Technology, Shanghai, China Dr.-Ing. Cheng Yee Low The methodology developed in this thesis considers A Methodology to Manage the Transition from the the characteristics of products and services alike. productronica 2009 Principle Solution towards the Controller Design of Thus the result can either be a pure service, a pure Productronica is the world’s leading international Advanced Mechatronic Systems product or a combination of both. trade fair for innovative electronics production. The The products of mechanical engineering and research group presented on a in cooperation with related industrial sectors such as automotive the Research Association 3-D MID e.V. organized industry rely on the close interaction of mechanics, Fairs, Conferences, Seminars exhibition stand its service offer “Product optimi- electric/electronics, control engineering and soft- Innovation Workshop 2009 – practice strategic zation with MID” as well as the autonomous and ware engineering. This is expressed by the term product planning mobile miniature robot BeBot. The high number mechatronics. The variety of mechatronic systems The “Innovation Workshop 2009 – practice strate- of interested fairgoers visiting our stand asking ranges from the spatial integration of mechanics gic product planning” took place on 28th and 29th concrete questions in terms of the technology MID, and electronics until the controlled movements of January, 2009 in Stuttgart. It offers leading person- emphasizes the increasing significance and the multi-body systems. The later is at the central point alities from the mechanical engineering sector and potential of growth of this technology. of this work. similar industries the possibility to discuss success- 10th–13th of November 2009, Munich The development of advanced mechatronic systems stories of strategic product planning of well-known is a challenge. An important milestone is the companies. On the second day, the visitors have 5th Symposium for Projection and Technology Plan- domain-spanning principle solution which is the the chance to apply strategic product planning in ning – in cooperation with acatech result of the conceptual design phase as well as the case studies. 35 participants developed concepts This event offers an annual upcoming board where basis for the concretization of the system. Within for the notebook of the future. The visitors wel- experts of product and technology planning present the scope of this work, a methodology to manage comed the combination of theoretical presentations their work, animate discussions and exchange the transition from the principle solution towards and practical work during the workshops. The task different experiences. This event addresses to deci- the controller design of advanced mechatronic was presented by Fujitsu Siemens Computers. sion makers from companies and leading persons systems has been developed. The methodology 27th and 28th of January 2009, Stuttgart of relevant institutes who are dealing with the struc- consists of two interrelated elements. The first ture of future businesses. element is an approach for the description of the 6th Paderborn Workshop “Design of Mechatronic 19th and 20th November 2009, Berlin-Branden- basic control concepts within the domain-spanning Systems” burgische Akademie der Wissenschaften principle solution. The approach defines how the The Heinz Nixdorf Institute of the University of control concepts necessary for advanced mechatro- Paderborn hosted the 6th Workshop “Entwurf FMB – The supplier show for the machinery industry nic systems should be specified within the principle mechatronischer Systeme”. The workshop offers 2009 solution. The second element is an approach for traditionally a discussion panel for engineers of FMB is the innovations trade fair for suppliers the extraction of information related to controller research and industry. This year‘s focus was on in the machinery manufacturing industry at the design from the principle solution. The implementa- adaptive and self organized systems, integration of heart of the East Westphalia/Lippe. More than tion of the methodology leads to a preliminary lock mechanics and electronics, miniaturization as well 400 exhibitors of all product groups relevant to diagram for the domain-specific controller design. as methods and tools for the design of mechatronic machinery manufacturing represent their product 100 Workgroups

developments and concepts. On a research transfer VDMA: Possibilities of technical protection against Winner of the best paper award to the IAMOT 2009 mile the workgroup PE presented the web portal product counterfeiting, 26th of January 2009, Frank- conference innovations-wissen.de. The web portal offers multi- furt am Main Juergen Gausemeier, Volker Brink, Martin farious methods, guidelines and tools for strategic 11. IAK “Produktionslogistik für die variantenreiche Kokoschka and Felix Reymann won this year’s best planning and enables especially small and medium Serienfertigung”, 23rd of April 2009, Hannover paper award of the conference IAMOT (Internatio- enterprises to manage their innovation systemati- ZENIT GmbH: Protection possibilities and strategies nal Association for Management of Technology) in cally. against product counterfeiting for SME in NRW, May Orlando (Florida, USA) with the paper “Scenario- 4th–6th of November 2009, Bad Salzuflen 11th, 2009, Mühlheim an der Ruhr based Product and Technology Planning”. The jury IHK Frankfurt am Main: Plagiarism – Technical selected the paper out of more than 330 conference 3. VPS-Symposium “Virtual Prototyping & Simula- Product Protection, 27th of August 2009, Frankfurt papers from 30 countries. tion in practice” am Main On the 1st October 2009 the annual symposium of pro Wirtschaft GT: Promoting innovation – protect- the competence network OWL ViProSim e.V took ing innovation, 1st of October 2009, Harsewinkel Additional Functions place. More than 80 experts and managers from Frauenhofer-Institut for Computer Graphics, 8th of General manager and member of the Board of the  the region Ostwestfalen-Lippe attended. The state December 2009, Darmstadt scientific society “Berliner Kreis – Wissenschaft- of the art in the use of virtual prototyping in the liches Forum für Produktentwicklung e.V. product and process development was presented Trade fairs, Conferences, Symposia: Innovation Chairman of the Supervisory Board of UNITY AG  using many practical examples. Driving factors for against Product Counterfeiting – an internationally operating consultancy for the application of modern VPS technologies and Within the framework of trade fairs, conferences strategies, processes, technologies and systems tools for SMB are shorter product life cycles and and symposia, ConImit presents the announcement Member of acatech – GERMAN ACADAMY OF SCI-  increasing complexity of the products. “Innovation against Product Counterfeiting” as well ENCE AND ENGINEERING; member of the Executive 1st of October 2009, Heinz Nixdorf MuseumsForum, as the participating cooperative research projects. Board since 2008 Paderborn In this connection, the focus is on offering informa- Leadership of the acatech topical network  tion and making companies, which are concerned, “Product Development” “Expertenmarktplatz”: Innovations against product interested or already at risk, aware of product Member of the Board of Directors of Sterling SIHI  counterfeiting counterfeiting. This refers especially to companies GmbH The possibilities and limits of technical and organ- from the capital goods industry. A large number of Speaker of the Collaborative Research Centre  izational protection to discourage the copying of versatile methods against product counterfeiting 614 “Self-Optimizing Concepts and Structures in products, or to demonstrate the originality of prod- will be given in personal conversations. That will be Mechanical Engineering”, established in 2002 ucts, are often not known to companies. “Experten- further underlined by an exhibition which displays Member of the German Council of Science and  marktplatz”, organized by ConImit, gave Informa- how hard the differentiation between original and Humanities tion on current and future possibilities to protect faked investment goods can be. companies from product counterfeiting. Following Hannover Messe, 20th–24th of April 2009, Han- the presentations, the experts were up for detailed nover Spin-Offs discussion. The event targeted to affected and 2nd Congress “Intelligenter Produzieren”, 22nd– UNITY threatened, and interested companies. More than 23rd of June 2009, Mannheim UNITY is a technology-oriented consulting firm for 150 representatives of industry accepted this offer. FMB – The Supplier Show for the Machinery Indus- strategies, processes, technologies, and systems. 21st of April 2009, Hannover try, 4th–6th of November 2009, Bad Salzuflen The focus of the consulting services is: To support the customers from innovative product idea to Regional Experience Exchange: Innovations against Annual Conference of the “Berliner Kreis” successful market entry, to ensure high productivity product counterfeiting The annual conference of the “Berliner Kreis” – sci- in the provision of goods and services, and suc- In cooperation with the “Deutscher Maschinen- und entific board for product development e.V. – took cessfully shape the customers change process with Anlagenbau e.V. (VDMA)” the transfer action place in Ulm on 13th November, 2009. In the technical and managerial expertise and through ConImit (Contra Imitatio) regularly organizes an afternoon after some interesting presentations and business-oriented process- and IT management. event where experiences with product counterfei- workshops the visitors were offered to take part in Among the satisfied customers are SMEs and ting can be exchanged. First of all, leading emplo- an exclusive visitation through the EvoBus assem- international companies. With 140 employees yees of VDMA member companies are informed bly plant. In the frame of the annual conference UNITY achieved sales of € 17.9 mill. in fiscal year about legal and technical protection possibilities leading personalities from the industry sector and 2008/2009. Offices are located in Germany in against product counterfeiting. Following that, the presenters of the institutes of the “Berliner Kreis” Paderborn, Berlin, Hamburg, Cologne, Munich and participants have conversations with consultants exchanged knowledge on current developments Stuttgart, in Cairo (Egypt), Vienna (Austria) and on the topic. within product conception. Zurich (Switzerland). Erfa NRW, 25th of Februar 2009, Paderborn 13th of November 2009, Ulm http://www.unity.de Erfa NRW, 9th of February 2009, Paderborn Erfa Ost, 29th of April 2009, Gera FASTEC GmbH Erfa Baden-Würtemberg, 14th of May 2009, Patents, Prizes, Awards The IT Company FASTEC GmbH is specialized in soft- Denkendorf Winner of the competition “Hightech.NRW” ware & services for production management: Erfa NRW, 25th of November 2009, Werdohl The project idea “Entwurfstechnik intelligente easyOEE – Productivity meter for optimizing single Mechatronik - ENTIME” (techniques for the design machines, FASTEC 4 PRO – the modularly structured Information Days: Innovations against Product of intelligent mechatronical systems) was choosen MES solution for optimizing the entire production. Counterfeiting out from three participants from the region Ost- Since 95 FASTEC helps to optimize manufacturing Main tasks of the transfer action ConImit (Contra westfalen-Lippe as the winner of the competition companies. Imitatio) is to make concerned, threatened and “HighTech.NRW”. This project is a key project of http://www.fastec.de und http://www.easyOEE.de interested companies of the investment goods the “Zukunftsmeile Fürstenallee”, a new cluster industry aware of the threats caused by product for research and development of innovations for Scenario Management International AG — ScMI AG counterfeiting and about existing protection possi- products and production with focus on intelligent ScMI AG, founded in 1998, is a public limited com- bilities. According to this, ConImit takes part in the technical systems. The aim of the project is a mul- pany for company future design and strategic com- information days on “Protection against product tidisciplinary design technique for mechatronic pany management. ScMI AG supports companies counterfeiting”. During these information days, the products. The techniques of the semantic web will and organisations in aligning to market and envi- research target “protection against product coun- be used to enhance the exchange of knowledge of ronment changes, developing visionary strategies terfeiting” as well as the participating cooperative the involved sectors along the value-added chain. as well as in the design and implementation of projects will be presented by plenary lectures. The The project is carried out in cooperation with nine strategic management, innovations and forecast following step consists of personal consultations innovative corporations from the region. processes. with the participants. Within sessions efficient http://www.scmi.de protection methods against product counterfeiting are shown. Additional Activities 101

myview systems GmbH a distributed, virtual testing of mechatronic vehicle Supporting institution: BMBF myview systems was founded in 1999 with the components. goal to provide products and professional services Supporting institution: State of North Rhine-West- for product information management (PIM) in phalia / University of Paderborn ConImit medium-sized enterprises with international focus. In the context of the Hightech Strategy of the Our products boost the cost effective creation, col- VPS-Benchmark Federal Government, the BMBF pursues with the lection and use of product information across the The aim of the project is to develop a method to announcement “Innovation contra Product Counter- enterprise and towards the customer. A constantly rate and improve the performance of the use of feiting” the aim of contributing an active prevention growing number of well-known manufacturers and methods and tools of virtual prototyping and simu- against product counterfeiting for the capital goods distributors successfully employ our products to lation (VPS) in product engineering. The purpose of industry. As an accompanying measure for the streamline their publication processes. this is to enable especially small and medium-sized supported cooperative research projects ConImit http://www.myview.de businesses to a structured use of these methods. coordinates their external presentation and sup- By the use of a performance measurement system ports the transfer of the research achievements Smart Mechatronics GmbH the management has the possibility to carry out into industry. The objective is building up a net- The Smart Mechatronics GmbH is specialized in internal evaluations as wells as cross-company work of the experts, which support concerned and development services in the fields of mechatronics, comparisons. endangered companies during the realization of electronics and embedded software. The Smart Funding organization: State of North Rhine-West- individual of protection concepts against product Mechatronics GmbH, which is a spin-off company of phalia counterfeiting. UNITY and the Heinz Nixdorf Institute and Prof. Dr. Supporting institution: BMBF Carsten Wolff, possesses an excellent background. Miniature Robot BeBot As a mechatronics service provider, Smart Mecha- The intention of the Heinz Nixdorf Institute is a new The future of Image Processing tronics stands for innovative engineering, inde- school of developing intelligent technical systems. In a project in cooperation with a well-known Ger- pendent work, reliability and domain integration As a consequence an avant-garde basic system man union, the chances for the future business for during the period of concept and realization in is required whose basic structure can be used to companies in the sector of image processing are mechatronicsystems. develop and test prospective applications. The identified. The study shows relevant technological http://www.smartmechatronics.de/ miniature robot BeBot, developed at our institute, trends in image processing, analyses future promis- is such a basic system. It is a test carrier for appli- ing areas of application like the agricultural engi- cations based on up-to-date approaches, such neering and shows concrete applications of image Current Research Projects as self-optimization, self-organization and self- processing. The union’s member companies, espe- CRC 614: Self-Optimizing Concepts and Structures coordination, plus for the use of new manufacturing cially small and medium-sized companies, will be in Mechanical Engineering technologies. able to operate strategic planning systematically in The aim is to explore the basic principles and the future. This will be realized by offering a transfer potential of self-optimization, to verify the results Transfer Project “Mechatronics” instrument for a rational establishment of market using a demonstrator and to support development This project focuses on the transfer of research and environment scenarios. using a comprehensive development methodology. results of the project cluster “reliable mechatronic Supporting institution: leading German Confedera- The chair is considerably involved in the following systems” to industrial practice. The transfer shall be tion subprojects (SP): SP A2: Behavior-Oriented Self- effective on a broad front. For this purpose, efficient Optimization; SP B2: Design Methodology; SP B3: and effective transfer activities will be developed VireS Virtual Prototyping; SP K: Coordination and validated. The results will be consolidated In the collaborative project VireS, an instrument for Funding organization: DFG and target-group specific adapted. On this basis, a the integrative development of product and product wide transfer will be conceived, e.g. in the form of systems is developed, under the early considera- CRC TR 30: Process integrated manufacturing of newsletters, exhibition appearances and training tion of aspects such as costs and robustness. The functional graded components based on coupled courses, as well as the website “transmechatronic. instrument consists of action models, specification thermo-mechanical phenomena de”. techniques and evaluation tools and it is tested in A new shaping of metal and synthetic materials is Funding organization: BMBF four superior innovation projects. Its aim is to sup- the aim of the collaborative research centre which port the developer, to develop and produce robust enables the creation of new products. The product‘s wearIT@work products faster and less expensive. The instrument features adjust themselves to the demand profile. The project wearIT@work investigated and devel- will be commercialized by accompanying software The so called functional graded structures are of oped Wearable Computing applications in the and consultation partners after the project’s re- special interest, particularly to the automobile and fields of automotive production (Skoda), aeronautic search work will have finished. A cooperation with the aircraft industry, because they allow an optimal maintenance (EADS), emergency rescue (Paris producers of common software systems (ERP, PLM adaption of the component properties to different fire department) and healthcare (Gespag). These etc.) in the frame of a research group guarantees locations of one structure. Therefore, these struc- mobile, body-worn systems support the users’ daily that the instrument will be embedded and distri- tures open new possibilities to the light weight work by providing relevant information context- buted in established IT-landscapes of the german construction. The chair is participating in the sub- sensitive and without any active user interaction. industry. project DS. Aim of this subproject is the assistance Supporting institution: European Union Supporting institution: BMBF of the planning and optimization of the production Supporting institution: DFG InZuMech Transfer Project T1: “Specification Techniques – The aim of the joint project InZuMech is an instru- Domain spanning Modelling of principle solutions” RailCab – New rail technology Paderborn ment for the early reliability analysis of Mechatronic Within the subproject B2 of the CRC 614 a set of Joint project for the development of an innovative products. It consists of procedures and tools that specification techniques for the description of the railway system. This combines modern suspension support the developer in identifying possible influ- principle solution of self-optimizing systems has technology, with the innovative actuation with ences between components of a system and car- been developed. The aim of the transfer project wearless technology of linear motor, and the use rying out reliability analyses of the complete system T1 is to adapt this set of specification techniques of existing rail tracks. Main issue of activities: Ana- based on the model of the principal solution. The to industrial application. Using the specification lyzing a RailCab by using Virtual and Augmented instrument should be gathered and be proven techniques for modeling, will support researchers Reality. successful by means of the development of several to consider basic features, respectively structures, Supporting institution: University of Paderborn innovative mechatronic products together with and function of the systems quite early during the industry partners. The primary aim is the creation conceptual design phase. Furthermore, it supports Distributed Visualisation and Simulation VISSIM of a comprehensive model of the principal solution. the documentation and it improves the communica- In the context of the target agreement VISSIM (now The results of the joint project should be multiplied tion as well as cooperation within interdisciplinary called ViProSim) methods and tools are developed by publications (conferences, reference book), func- development teams. The proving and validation is for distributed visualisation and simulation. An ex- tional exchange in committees, and offerings for carried out in cooperation with the pump’s manu- ample for its use is a virtual prototyping platform for further education as well as by the internet platform facturer Sterling Industry Consult GmbH. TransMechatronic. Funding organization: DFG 102 Workgroups

within the field of medical technology. A market should additionally be applicable on mechanics as Current Industry Co-operations entry strategy with precise product development well. Additionally an interchange with PLM system Future of design and construction of industrial tasks completes the survey. providers is aspired to have the possibility to influ- buildings Initiator: A well-known producer of components and ence the further development of PLM systems if The aim of the research project “Future of design semi-finished products for the automobile industry necessary. and construction of industrial buildings” is the Customer: Daimler AG Research & Technology development of a comprehensive planning guide for Development and establishment of an innovation the realization of forward-looking industrial build- process Development of a procedure for strategic product- ings. The basis for this is the knowledge of possible Purpose of this project is the drafting of an innova- and technology-planning with the Innovation-Data- future developments of industrial construction. The tion process for the Hermann Sewerin GmbH and a base for a producer of air-conditioning technology Heinz Nixdorf Institute has supported the research support during the performance of the processes. Within this project the Heinz Nixdorf Institute’s consortium in developing scenarios and in deviat- Therefore the actual innovation process has been approach for a strategic product- and technology ing requirements for building structures and plan- recorded with the modeling language OMEGA. The planning is established within the regarded com- ning procedures in industrial construction. optimization potential was identified and realized pany. This approach supports this company in Customer: University of Technology Braunschweig through development and implementation of the the efficient development of innovative products target process. A process handbook supports the combining the Market Pull and the Technology Push OWL ViProSim e.V. employees in their daily work. Objective of the proj- in an optimal way. The implemented procedure is The aim is to build up a virtual competence centre ect was a systematic innovation process to arrange based on the Innovation-Database that was devel- for the strengthening of the competitiveness of the future product portfolio with defined mile- oped by the Heinz Nixdorf Institute. The database companies in the region Ostwestfalen-Lippe (OWL). stones, responsibilities, documents and methods. allows the descriptive presentation of its contents The focus is to convey knowledge about methods Customer: Hermann Sewerin GmbH for example in the form of innovation-roadmaps. and tools for virtual prototyping and simulation. Customer: producer of air-conditioning technology Partner: OWL MASCHINENBAU e.V. Chances and risks for the drive technology in the printing machine industry Project seminar “product innovation” VPS-QuickCheck Electric midget and precision drives are basic ele- Within the project seminar “product innovation” Based on the analysis of the product-engineering ments of today’s well-known printing methods. But two research assistants together with several stu- process the VPS-QuickCheck shows the application there is an increasing number of printing methods dents work on a real innovation project of a com- potentials for virtual prototyping and simulation in on the market which, to a large extent, operate pany. The project runs for 20 weeks with approx. 20 the considered business. VPS-QuickChecks were without electric drive technology. The initiator of working hours weekly. Purpose of the project with executed in seven SMB in the region OWL. that project who is a producer of midget and preci- Weidmüller Interface GmbH & Co. KG was the future Partner: OWL ViProSim e.V. sion drives considers his future business to be of the cabinet. threatened by that development. Target of the Customer: Weidmüller Interface GmbH & Co. KG Virtual Testing of Innovative Headlight Systems project is a systematical business analysis within On the basis of the VR driving simulator “Virtual the field of electric drive technology in the printing Analysis and optimization of the material flow Nightdrive” we have developed a demonstrator that machine industry and its environment. By using during the assembly of furniture production visualizes the functional behaviour of a Predictive scenariotechnique, detailed future images are de- The project’s target is the optimization of the mate- Advanced Front Lighting System (PAFS). The system veloped which describe situation of markets and rial flow in the assembly of table tops and table illustrates the functionality of this new technology their environments in the year 2018. The aim is racks. On the basis of an initial analysis, concepts and supports the process of optimizing the control to set up market and environment scenarios for for the design and for the material flow within the algorithms. the usage of midget and precision drives and the assembly area are developed. Next different con- Partner: Visteon Deutschland GmbH printing machine industry as well as their descrip- cepts of the material flow are analyzed by means of tion of the impact of these scenarios on the future a simulation software. Then the suitable concepts Chances in Medical Engineering business. are evaluated in cooperation with the client com- The project’s scheme is the systematic analysis Initiator: Producer of electric midget and precision pany. Furthermore, the structure and the design of of the worldwide medical technology market as drive technology the assembly line will be revised regarding the new well as the identification of growth segments. material flow concept. The result of the project are Possibilities will be developed for those kinds of Function-oriented product lifecycle management simulation models of the material flow concept as growth segments which help the client to manage system well as the assembly line. the market entry into selected growth segments. Within this project, principle solutions for a method- Client: Manufacturer of office equipment In the beginning, it will be thought ahead how the ical and IT based support of a function-oriented growth segments, on the basis of today’s influence, operation method in a product lifecycle manage- Besides these, several further projects with partners will develop technologically and within the market ment system have to be gathered and prototypically from different industries, esp. in the field of processes. The project’s target is a survey which implemented. In the first step the project is focused strategic product- and technology-planning, are comprises the chances for a company producing on E/E-systems. Later on the concepts should cover carried out. Because of non-disclosure agreements, components and semi-finished products and which a broader range of mechatronic systems. In terms these projects cannot – even anonymously – be wants to develop completely new market segments of a complete examination the conceptual solutions listed here in detail. Additional Activities 103

Workgroup Computers and Society Prof. Dr.-Ing. Reinhard Keil

all actors involved and thus of the corresponding Opportunities and limits in combining notional and Publications functionalities for a learning platform to provide. By graphical knowledge organisation: Dynamic base Holzweißig, K.; Krüger, J. (2009): Action directing combining these three approaches into a construc- ontology and cooperative semantics construction of reality in new product development tive framework, a concept is developed that may An interdisciplinary project between philosophy using social software. Using philosophy to solve be used in the development of learning platforms and computer science studying acting schemes in real world problems. In: Hagengruber, R. (ed.): and thus may serve as the base for implementing a knowledge work. Philosophy‘s Relevance in Information Science. learning platform for university teaching. Paderborn. koPEP — Cooperative Product Development Proc- esses Holzweißig, K. (2009): Wikimanagement of new Additional Functions Cooperative enhancement of product development Member of the advisory committee “Technologie- processes in cooperation with Daimler AG product development process models. Creating  common ground between NPD actors. In: Proceed- zentrum Informatik (TZI; Center of Technology and ings of the 33rd Annual International Conference of Computer Science)”, Bremen (since 1998) DAWINCI – Permeability in training and education in Member of the advisory committee “Forschungs- the chemical industry the Product Development and Management Associ-  ation, Anaheim, USA, October 31 – November 4. und Beratungsstelle Arbeitswelt (FORBA)”, Vienna Development of a portfolio-based platform, a com- (since 2000) petence grid and training modules to improve the Member of the advisory committee of “Lernstatt permeability in training and education within the Keil, R.: Medi@Thing – Ein didaktischer Ansatz zum  ko-aktiven Lernen. In: Schwill, A. (ed.): Hochschul- Paderborn” (since 2005) chemical industry Member of the GMW (Gesellschaft für Medien in didaktik der Informatik HDI 2008. Reihe: Commen-  tarii informaticae didacticae, Band 1. Universitäts- der Wissenschaft) Steering Committee (since verlag Potsdam: Potsdam 2009. 2005) Current Industry Co-operations Consultant for the Information Society Directorate Unger, Welsow & Company GmbH, Paderborn  Keil, R.; Schubert, D.; Selke, H. (2009): Mobile General of the European Commission for the proj- Co-operation in areas of software ergonomics and Schreibtische als neue Form des betreuten virtu- ect “aposdle – Advanced Process Oriented Self- web design in co-operation with other companies. ellen Lernens. In: Schwill, A.; Apostolopoulos, N. directed Learning Environment” (since 2006) Member of the program commitee “DeLFI – Deut- InnoZent OWL, Paderborn (ed.): 7. e-Learning Fachtagung Informatik, DeLFI  2009, September 14–17, GI-Edition Lecture Notes sche eLearning Fachtagung Informatik” Co-operation in the development of a regional Member of the program commitee “MuC – e-Learning competence center and the analysis and in Informatics (LNI), Nr. P-153, S. 175–185.  Mensch und Computer” evaluation of an NRW-wide search engine for further Member of the program commitee “GMW-Jahres- education, funded by the Ministry of Economy and Keil, R.; Schulte, J.; Döpke, I. (2009): Security  management for flexibility in virtual knowledge tagung” Employment NRW. Member of the program commitee “PerEL – Perva- spaces. In: Proceedings of the 5th International  Conference on Advanced Information Management sive ELearning” Creos Lernideen und Beratung GmbH, Bielefeld Member of the program commitee “PerU – Perva- Cooperation in the fields of e-learning and online and Service, Los Alamitos, USA, IEEE Computer  Society, Vol. 0, S. 898–906. sive University” within the GI Annual Conference communities and within the joint project DAWINCI (Permeability in training and education in the chem- Schulte, J.; Döpke, I.; Keil, R.; Stark, K.; Eder, J. ical industry). (2009): Enhanced security management for flexible Spin-Offs and dynamic cooperative environments. In: The 5th co-actum GmbH Daimler AG, Stuttgart International Conference on Collaborative Comput- co-actum GmbH develops solutions for co-operative Co-operation on topics of cooperation support for ing: Networking, Applications and Worksharing, work. It provides IT services and consulting as well the design of business processes between divisions Washington, D.C., USA, November 11–14, 2009. as appropriate infrastructures. of a company as well as between companies.

Sommerkamp, H.; Schulte, J.; Keil, R.; Rybka, J.; RAM Engineering + Anlagenbau GmbH, Gelsenkir- Ferber, F. (2009): Ltm-sola – a service-oriented Current Research Projects chen application to integrate high-tech laboratories and BID-OWL Co-operation on topics of integration of heterogene- virtual knowledge spaces. In: The 5th International In the project “Bildung im Dialog – Ostwestfalen- ous system landscapes Conference on Collaborative Computing: Network- Lippe” (BID-OWL) an internet-based working envi- ing, Applications and Worksharing, Washington, ronment for educational use is being developed, ChemKom e. V., Marl D.C., USA, November 11–14, 2009. which allows a knowledge management through Project partner in the joint project DAWINCI (Per- the Internet and co-operative learning within and meability in training and education in the chemical across schools. industry) PhD Theses Dr. rer. nat. Harald Selke open-sTeam — Structuring of Information in a Team Currenta GmbH & Co. OHG, Leverkusen Secondary Media Functions for the Conception open-sTeam is an Open Source approach to coop- Project partner in the joint project DAWINCI (Per- of E-Learning Platforms for University Teaching erative knowledge organization. Infrastructures meability in training and education in the chemical A concept for the construction of learning platforms and methods of structuring knowledge in groups, industry) is being developed in this thesis. Based on a theo- ranging from document management to e-learning retical approach how interactive media can support are being developed and evaluated. Infracor GmbH, Marl teaching and learning processes from a technologi- Project partner in the joint project DAWINCI (Per- cal point of view, media functions are classified into LARS — Learning on the Road meability in training and education in the chemical three levels. This classification is the foundation on In cooperation with the Bezirksregierung Detmold industry) which learning platforms can not only be evaluated and the Heinz Nixdorf MuseumsForum a virtual but also designed. In a second step, requirements school is established for children whose parents Evonik Degussa GmbH, Essen for learning platforms that have been determined travel for a large part of the year, like circus artists. Project partner in the joint project DAWINCI (Per- in various analyses by other authors are examined meability in training and education in the chemical and integrated into a systematic framework, allow- koaLA — co-active Learning and Working Environ- industry) ing for a constructive perspective and the identi- ment fication of functional areas of such systems. The The co-active learning and working environment Industriepark Wolfgang GmbH, Hanau application context of university teaching is then koaLA, having been developed in the Locomotion Project partner in the joint project DAWINCI (Per- established by an extensive study of scenarios project is being adapted to be used in universities. meability in training and education in the chemical complemented by an analysis of various university New interfaces to administrative applications are industry) courses. This results in a catalog of activities of being developed. 104 Workgroups

Workgroup Algorithms and Complexity Prof. Dr. math. Friedhelm Meyer auf der Heide

Provadis Partner für Bildung und Beratung GmbH, Briest, Patrick; Guala, Luciano; Hoefer, Martin; Ven- Frankfurt Publications tre, Carmine: On Stackelberg Pricing with Computa- Project partner in the joint project DAWINCI (Per- Schumacher, Tobias; Suess, Tim; Plessl, Christian; tionally Bounded Consumers. In: Proceedings of the meability in training and education in the chemical Platzner, Marco: Communication Performance Char- 5th International Workshop on Internet and Network industry) acterization for Reconfigurable Accelerator Design Economics (WINE) 2009 on the XD1000. In: Proc. Int. Conf. on ReConFigura- Chemie-Stiftung Sozialpartner-Akademie (CSSA), ble Computing and FPGAs (ReConFig), 9.–11. Dez. Damerow, Valentina; Manthey, Bodo; Meyer auf Wiesbaden 2009 der Heide, Friedhelm; Räcke, Harald; Scheideler, Project partner in the joint project DAWINCI (Per- Christian; Sohler, Christian; Tantau, Till: Smoothed meability in training and education in the chemical Dangelmaier, Wilhelm; Delius, Robin; Laroque, Chri- Analysis of Left-To-Right Maxima with Applications. industry) stoph; Fischer, Matthias: Concepts for Model Veri- Preprint 2009 fication and Validation during Simulation Runtime. dSpace, Paderborn In: European Simulation and Modelling Conference Kutylowski, Jaroslaw; Meyer auf der Heide, Fried- Co-operation on topics of cooperation support and (ESM 2009), pp. 49–53, 26.–28. Okt. 2009 EURO- helm: Optimal strategies for maintaining a chain of web 2.0 applications SIS, EUROSIS-ETI relays between an explorer and a base camp . Theo- retical Computer Science, 410(36): pp. 3391–3405 Siemens AG, Siemens IT Solutions and Services, Nikoletseas, Sotiris E.; Raptopoulos, Christoforos; 2009 Paderborn Spirakis, Paul G.: Colouring Non-Sparse Random Co-operation in the field of usabilty and software Intersection Graphs. In: 34st International Sympo- ergonomics Degener, Bastian; Kempkes, Barbara; Pietrzyk, sium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Peter: A local, distributed constant-factor approxi- Science, pp. 600–611, 24.–28. Aug. 2009 Schulamt der Stadt Paderborn mation algorithm for the dynamic facility location Support and consultancy in the further develop- problem. In: Proceedings of IPDPS - IEEE Internatio- ment of the “Lernstatt Paderborn” Mehler, Jan; Meyer auf der Heide, Friedhelm: nal Parallel & Distributed Processing Symposium, to Power-Aware Online File Allocation in Mobile Ad appear, 2010 Schulabteilung der Bezirksregierung, Detmold Hoc Networks. In: Proceedings of the 21st Annual Joint activities and projects in the fields bid-owl ACM Symposium on Parallel Algorithms and Archi- Nikoletseas, Sotiris E.; Raptopoulos, Christoforos; (regional education network Ostwestfalen-Lippe) tectures (SPAA 2009), pp. 347–356, 11.–13. Aug. Spirakis, Paul G.: Combinatorial Properties for Effi- and LARS (Learning on the Road) 2009 ACM SIGACT, ACM SIGARCH, ACM Press cient Communication in Distributed Networks with Local Interactions. In: Proceedings of IPDPS - IEEE Benteler AG, Paderborn Bonorden, Olaf; Degener, Bastian; Kempkes, Bar- International Parallel & Distributed Processing Sym- Co-operation in the field of ITIL process modelling bara; Pietrzyk, Peter: Complexity and approximation posium, pp. 1–11 2009 of a geometric local robot assignment problem . In: Stahl – Partner für Bäcker GmbH, Borchen Algorithmic Aspects of Wireless Sensor Networks, Development of a platform for e-learning and knowl- pp. 252–262, Jul. 2009, Springer Verlag Additional Functions edge management in bakeries Friedhelm Meyer auf der Heide: Member of the “Hochschulrat” of the University of Suess, Tim; Fischer, Matthias; Huber, Daniel; Laro-  Christmann Informationstechnik und Medien GmbH que, Christoph; Dangelmaier, Wilhelm: Ein System Paderborn Development of energy-efficient infrastructures for Member of the German Academy of Sciences zur aggregierten Visualisierung verteilter Material-  the educational sector flusssimulationen. In: Gausemeier, Jürgen; Grafe, “Leopoldina” DFG Special Advisor (Vertrauensdozent) of the Michael (Hrsg.) Augmented & Virtual Reality in der  Produktentstehung, Band 252, pp. 111–126, Mai University of Paderborn Member of the Board of External Scientific Advi- 2009, Heinz Nixdorf Institut, Universität Paderborn  sers (Fachbeirat) of the Max-Planck-Institute for Magenheim, Johannes; Dohmen, Michael; Lehner, Computer Science at Saarbrücken Director of the NRW-Graduate School of Dynamic Leopold; Reinhardt, Wolfgang; Stahl, Katharina;  Suess, Tim: Informatik macchiato. Pearson-Stu- Intelligent Systems (one of three directors) Assistant Chairman of the Paderborn Institute for dium, Apr. 2009  Scientific Computation (PaSCo) and its graduate college Meyer auf der Heide, Friedhelm; Bender, Michael Managing Editor of “Journal of Interconnection  (Hrsg.) 21st Symposium on Parallelism in Algo- Networks (JOIN)”, World Scientific Publishing rithms and Architectures (SPAA 2009). 2009 Member of the program committee of the work-  shop “Parallele Algorithmen, Rechnerstrukturen Bienkowski, Marcin; Byrka, Jaroslaw ; Korzeniowski, und Systemsoftware (PARS)”, 2009 Miroslaw; Meyer auf der Heide, Friedhelm: Optimal Member of the program committee of the “Algo-  Algorithms for Page Migration in Dynamic Networks. rithms and Data Structures Symposium (WADS)”, Journal of Discrete Algorithms, 7(4): pp. 545–569 2009 2009 Member of the program committee of the “Inter-  national Symposium on Mathematical Founda- Dangelmaier, Wilhelm; Degener, Bastian: Online tions of Computer Science (MFCS)”, 2009 Member of the Evaluation Committee of the Bun- optimization with discrete lotsizing production and  rolling horizons. In: 2nd International Conference deswettbewerb “Jugend Forscht”, Coordinator of on Dynamics in Logistics 2009 the section on Computer Science and Mathema- tics. General Chair of the ACM-Symposiums “Paral- Meyer auf der Heide, Friedhelm; Rammig, Franz  Josef: Self-Organisation and Self-Optimization. lelism in Algorithms and Architectures (SPAA)” Public Service Review: Science and Technology, 04 Graduate 2009 Patrick Briest: Member of the program committee of the “Work-  Briest, Patrick; Khanna, Sanjeev: Improved Hard- shop on Internet & Network Economics (WINE)”, ness of Approximation for Stackelberg Shortest- 2009. Path Pricing. arXiv:0910.0110 2009 Additional Activities 105

Workgroup Design of Distributed Embedded Systems Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Franz Josef Rammig

School Programs: Klompmaker, Florian; Reimann, Christian: Towards HNI-GK: DFG Research Training Centre (postgrad- Standardized Distributed Multitouch Interaction. In:  Publications uate program) “Automatic Configuration in Open Krupp, Alexander; Müller, Wolfgang: A Systematic Proceedings of th Academic MindTrek Conference Systems” Approach to Combined HW/SW System Test. In: 2009, Tampere, Finland, 30. Sep. – 2. Oct. 2009, G-School: NRW Graduate School of Dynamic Intel- ACM Press.  Proceedings of DATE 2010, March 2010. ligent Systems Pasco-GK: DFG Research Training Centre (postgra Samara, Sufyan; Orfanus, Dalimir; Janacik, Peter:  Janacik, Peter; Lessmann, Johannes; Karch, duate program) “Scientific Computation” Michael: Multi-View Communication Visualization Towards biologically inspired decentralized self- DFG Research Training Centre “Automatisms – adaptive OS services for distributed Reconfigurable  for Wireless Network Simulations. In: Proceedings emerging structures in information technology, of the International Conference on Intelligent Sys- System on Chip (RSoC). ACM SIGBED (Special media, and culture” tems, Modelling and Simulation (ISMS), Liverpool, Interest Group on Embedded Systems) Review, 6(3), UK, 27. – 29. Jan. 2010, IEEE Computer Society Oct. 2009. Press. Current Research Projects Samara, Sufyan; Orfanus, Dalimir; Janacik, Peter: AEOLUS: EU-Integrated Project IST-15964 “Algorith- Klompmaker, Florian; Nebe, Karsten; Bleiker, Towards Biologically Inspired Decentralized Self- mic Principles for Building Efficient Overlay Compu- Andreas; Busch, Clemens; Willemsen, Detlev: Adaptive OS Services for Distributed Reconfigur- ters” (AEOLUS) User Centered Design of Patient User Interfaces for able System on Chip (RSoC). In: 2nd Workshop on Remote Training Supervision. In: Third Internation- Adaptive and Reconfigurable Embedded Systems FRONTS: EU-Strep “Foundations of Adaptive Net- al Conference on Health Informatics, Jan. 2010, (APRES) at ESWeek 2009, Grenoble, France, Oct. worked Societies of Tiny Artefacts” Springer. 2009.

DFG-Smart Teams: DFG Priority Program 1183 Ferreira da Silva Oliveira, Marcio; Zabel, Henning; Orfanus, Dalimir; Heimfarth, Tales; Wagner, Flavio: “Organic Computing” with the project: “Smart Müller, Wolfgang: Assertion-Based Verification of Process Algebra to Model Self-Organizing Behavior Teams” (with Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Christian Schindel- RTOS Properties. In: Proceedings of DATE 2010 in Wireless Sensor Networks. In: IEEE SASN 2009 hauer) The International Workshop on Scalable Ad Hoc and Stöcklein, Jörg; Pogscheba, Patrick: Development Sensor Networks, St. Petersburg, Russia, Oct. 2009, DFG-AlgoEngCG: DFG Priority Program 1307 “Algo- Of Complex Technical Systems: The Mixed Reality In IEEE Computer Society. rithm Engineering” with the project: “Algorithm The Loop Design Process. In: HC2009: 12th Interna- Engineering for Problems in Computer Graphics” tional Conference on Humans and Computers, Richert, Willi; Niehörster, Oliver; Koch, Markus: (with Dr. rer. nat. Matthias Fischer) 9. –10. Dec. 2009. Layered Understanding for Sporadic Imitation in a Multi-Robot Scenario. In: IEEE/RSJ International DFG-AVIPASIA: DFG project “Interactive Model Orfanus, Dalimir; Heimfarth, Tales; Janacik, Peter: Conference on In Intelligent Robots and Systems Modification, Synchronized Analysis and 3D Visua- An Approach for Systematic Design of Emergent (IROS 2009), 22. – 26. Sep. 2009 IEEE. lization of Parallel Discrete Event Simulation” (with Self-Organization in Wireless Sensor Networks. In: Prof. Dr.- Ing. habil. Wilhelm Dangelmaier and Dr. Proceedings of The First International Conference on Janacik, Peter; Kujat, Alexander: Biologically-In- rer. nat. Matthias Fischer) Adaptive and Self-adaptive Systems and Applica- spired Construction of Connected k-Hop Dominating tions, Athens/Glyfada, Greece, 15. – 20. Nov. 2009, Sets in Wireless Sensor Networks. In: Proceedings ViProSim: Center of excellence “Distributed Visu- IEEE Computer Society Press. of Third IEEE International Conference on Self-Adap- alization and Simulation” (VisSim). Agreement on tive and Self-Organizing Systems (SASO 2009), San objectives of University of Paderborn and Ministry Kerstan, Timo; Baldin, Daniel; Schomaker, Gunnar: Francisco, California, USA, 14. – 18. Sep. 2009, for Science and Research of North Rhine-Westphalia Formale Bestimmung von Systemparametern zum IEEE Computer Society. transparenten Scheduling virtueller Maschinen unter Echtzeitbedingungen. In: Informatik aktuell Baldin, Daniel; Kerstan, Timo: Proteus, a hybrid (Tagungsband Echtzeit 2009), 19. – 20. Nov. 2009 Virtualization Platform for Embedded Systems. Fachausschuß Echtzeitsysteme der Gesellschaft für In: Rettberg, Achim; Rammig, Franz Josef (Hrsg.) Informatik und der VDI/VDE-Gesellschaft Mess- und Analysis, Architectures and Modelling of Embed- Automatisierungstechnik (GMA), Springer-Verlag. ded Systems, 14. – 16. Sep. 2009 IFIP WG 10.5, Springer-Verlag. Montealegre, Norma; Kataev, Vadim: Automatic Speech Recognition Front-End Implemented by Klompmaker, Florian; Schrage, Klemens; Reimann, Means of Algorithmic Skeletons and Partial Recon- Christian: INDiE: A Framework for Human Computer figuration. In: Gonzalez, Teofilo (Hrsg.) The 21st Interaction in Distributed Environments. In: ACM IASTED International Conference on Parallel and Mobility 2009, Nice, France, 2. – 4. Sep. 2009, ACM Distributed Computing and Systems, Cambridge, Press. Massachusetts, USA, 2. – 4. Nov. 2009 IASTED, ACTA Press, Calgary, Canada. Krupp, Alexander; Müller, Wolfgang: Systematic Model-in-the-Loop Test of Embedded Control Sys- Deveci, Deniz; Kortenjan, Michael; Schomaker, tems. In: Proceedings of IESS 2009, Friedrichsha- Gunnar: Distributed Heterogeneous Hashing and fen, Germany, Sep. 2009 IFIP WG 10.5, Springer Deterministic Dynamical Decompositions. In: Paral- Verlag LNCS. lel and Distributed Computing and Systems, Nr.21, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, 2. – 4. Nov. 2009, Adelt, Philipp; Klöpper, Benjamin: Buildings Blocks ACTA Press, Calgary, Canada. and Prototypical Implementation of a Hybrid Plan- ning Architecture. In: Klöpper, Benjamin; Dangel- Klompmaker, Florian; Nebe, Karsten; Reimann, maier, Wilhelm (Hrsg.) Self-x in Engineering, S. Christian: TANGIMALS - An Educational Multi-User 55–67, Sep. 2009, MV Verlag. Tabletop Game. In: Interactive Tabletops and Sur- faces - Poster & Demo Session, Nov. 2009. Geiger, Christian; Stöcklein, Jörg; Berssenbrügge, Jan; Paelke, Volker: Mixed Reality Design of Control Rammig, Franz Josef; Zhao, Yuhong; Samara, Strategies. In: DETC2009/CIE-87350, Proceeding of Sufyan: On-line Model Checking as Operating Sys- ASME 2009 International Design Engineering tem Service. In: The 7th IFIP Workshop on Software Technologies for Future Embedded and Ubiquitous Technical Conferences & Computers and Informa- Systems (SEUS 2009), Nov. 2009 IFIP WG 10.5, tion in Engineering Conference, Aug. 2009 ASME Springer. International Design Engineering Technical Confer- 106 Workgroups

ences & Computers and Information in Engineering 22. – 24. Feb. 2009 ACM/SIGDA, ACM Press, New Real Time Operating Systems, S. 15–45, Springer, Conference, ASME. York, NY, USA. Jan. 2009.

Stöcklein, Jörg; Geiger, Christian; Paelke, Volker; Mathews, Emi: Evaluation of a “Smart” Pedestrian Oyamada, Marcio S.; Ferreira da Silva Oliveira, Pogscheba, Patrick: A Design Method for Next Gen- Counting System Based on Echo State Networks. Marcio; Wagner, Flavio: Advanced Topics in VLSI eration User Interfaces inspired by the Mixed Reality EURASIP Journal on Embedded Systems, vol. Design. , Kapitel: Performance Estimation in MPSoC Continuum. In: HCI International, 13th International 2009(352172), Feb. 2009. Design, S. 115–132, UFRGS 2009. Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, Band 13, 19. – 24. Jul. 2009 HCI International, Springer Meyer auf der Heide, Friedhelm; Rammig, Franz Ferreira da Silva Oliveira, Marcio; Wehrmeister, Verlag. Josef: Self-Organisation and Self-Optimization. Marco A.; A. Nascimento, Francisco; Pereira, Carlos Public Service Review: Science and Technology, 04 E.; Wagner, Flavio: Behavioral Modeling for Embed- Becker, Markus; Zabel, Henning; Müller, Wolfgang; 2009. ded Systems and Technologies: Applications for Kiffmeier, Ulrich: Integration abstrakter RTOS-Simu- Design and Implementation. , Kapitel: High-Level lation in den Entwurf eingebetteter automobiler Adelt, Philipp; Esau, Natascha; Schmidt, Alexander: Design Space Exploration of embedded Systems E/E-Systeme. In: Methoden und Beschreibungs- Hybrid Planning for an Air Gap Adjustment System Using the Model-Driven Engineering and Aspect- sprachen zur Modellierung und Verifikation von Using Fuzzy Models. Journal of Robotics and Mecha- Oriented Design Approaches, S. 114–146, IGI Schaltungen und Systemen 2009. tronics, 21(5): S. 647–655 2009. Global 2009.

Geiger, Christian; Pogscheba, Patrick; Stöcklein, Götz, Marcelo; Dittmann, Florian; Xie, Tao: Dynamic A. Nascimento, Francisco; Ferreira da Silva Oliveira, Jörg; Haehnel, Hartmut; Berntssen, Malte C.: relocation of hybrid tasks: Strategies and methodol- Marcio; Wagner, Flavio: Formal Verification for Modellbasierter Entwurf von Mixed Reality- Inter- ogies. Microprocessors and Microsystems - Embed- Embedded Systems Design Based on MDE. In: aktionstechniken für ein Indoor-Zeppelin. In: Aug- ded Hardware Design, 33(1): S. 81–90 2009. Proceedings of International Embedded Systems mented & Virtual Reality in der Produktentstehung, Symposium (IESS) 2009. Band 8, 28. – 29. May 2009, Heinz Nixdorf Institut, Zabel, Henning; Müller, Wolfgang: Increased Universität Paderborn. Accuracy through Noise Injection in Abstract RTOS Ferreira da Silva Oliveira, Marcio; Ferreira, Ronaldo Simulation. In: DATE 2009: Proceedings of the con- R.; A. Nascimento, Francisco; Rammig, Franz Klompmaker, Florian; Nebe, Karsten; Busch, Cle- ference on Design, automation and test in Europe Josef; Wagner, Flavio: Exploiting the Model-Driven mens; Willemsen, Detlev: Designing Context Aware 2009. Engineering Approach to Improve Design Space User Interfaces for Online Exercise Training Super- Exploration of Embedded Systems. In: Proceedings vision. In: 2nd International Conference on Human Zabel, Henning; Müller, Wolfgang; Gerstlauer, of Symposium on Integrated Circuits and Systems System Interaction, 21. – 23. May 2009, IEEE. A.: Accurate RTOS Modelling and Analysis with Design (SBCCI) 2009. SystemC. In: W. Ecker, W. Mueller, R. Doemer (eds.) Richert, Willi; Tornese, Riccardo: ESLAS - a robust Hardware Dependent Software - Principles and A. Nascimento, Francisco; Ferreira da Silva Oliveira, layered learning framework. International Journal on Practice Springer-Verlag 2009. Marcio; Wagner, Flavio: Using MDE for the Formal Advances in Intelligent Systems, 1(2), May2009. Verification of Embedded Systems Modeled by UML Montealegre, Norma; Rammig, Franz Josef: Dynam- Sequence Diagrams. In: Proceedings of Symposium Samara, Sufyan; Bin Tariq, Fahad; Kerstan, Timo; ically Reconfigurable Systems. , Kapitel: Dynamic on Integrated Circuits and Systems Design (SBCCI) Stahl, Katharina: Applications Adaptable Execution Partial Reconfiguration by Means of Algorithmic 2009. Path for Operating System Services on a Distributed Skeletons - A Case Study -, S. -, Springer-Verlag Reconfigurable System on Chip. In: Proceedings of 2009. A. Nascimento, Francisco; Ferreira da Silva Oliveira, International Conference on Embedded Software Marcio; Wagner, Flavio: MDE Approach to the and Systems, 2009. ICESS 2009, May 2009. Xie, Tao; Müller, Wolfgang; Schattkowsky, Tim: A Co-Synthesis of Embedded Systems Using a MOF- UML frontend for IP-XACT-based IP management. based Internal Design Representation. In: Proceed- Richert, Willi; Scheller, Ulrich; Koch, Markus; In: Proceedings of Design, Automation and Test ings of Workshop on Model-based Methodologies Kleinjohann, Bernd; Stern, Claudius: Increasing the in Europe (DATE 2009), S. 238–243, Nice, France for Pervasive and Embedded Software (MOMPES) autonomy of mobile robots by imitation in multi- 2009. 2009. robot scenarios. In: International Conference on Autonomic and Autonomous Systems (ICAS 2009), Dömer, Rainer; Ecker, Wolfgang; Müller, Wolfgang Zhao, Yuhong; Rammig, Franz Josef: Model-based 20. – 24. Apr. 2009 IASTED. (Hrsg.) Hardware Dependent Software - Principles Runtime Verification Framework. In: Electronic and Practice. Springer Verlag, Dordrecht, Jan. 2009. Notes in Theoretical Computer Science, Band Richert, Willi; Scheller, Ulrich; Koch, Markus; Klein- 253(1), S. 179–193 2009. johann, Bernd; Stern, Claudius: Integrating sporadic Radkowski, Rafael; Zabel, Henning: Kommunika- imitation in reinforcement learning robots. In: IEEE tionsserver zur dynamischen Kopplung mechatro- Schnelte, Matthias: Generating Test Cases for International Symposium on Approximate Dynamic nischer Systeme an Augmented-Reality-Anwen- Timed Systems from Controlled Natural Language Programming and Reinforcement Learning (ADPRL dungen. In: 12. IFF-Wissenschaftstage, Digitales Specification. In: Proceedings 3nd IEEE Internatio- 2009), 30. March – 2. Apr. 2009. Engineering zum Planen, Testen und Betreiben nal Conference on Secure System Integration and technischer Systeme, 6. Fachtagung zur Virtual Rea- Reliability Improvement (SSIRI 2009), S. 348–353 Magenheim, Johannes; Dohmen, Michael; Lehner, lity, Magdeburg 2009, Fraunhofer IFF. 2009. Leopold; Reinhardt, Wolfgang; Stahl, Katharina; Suess, Tim: Informatik macchiato. Pearson-Stu- Samara, Sufyan; Bin Tariq, Fahad: OS service opti- Freitas, E. P., Heimfarth, T., Wehrmeister, M. A., dium, Apr. 2009. mization in a heterogeneous distributed System on Wagner, F. R., Ferreia, A. M., Pereira, C. E., and Chip ( SoC). In: Workshop on Distributed Computing Larsson, T. 2009. Using a Link Metric to Improve Stöcklein, Jörg; Geiger, Christian; Paelke, Volker; in Ambient Environments ( DiComAe) within the Communication Mechanisms and Real-Time Proper- Pogscheba, Patrick; Lehmann, Anke: MVCE - A KI2009 Conference 2009. ties in an Adaptive Middleware for Heterogeneous Design Pattern to Guide the Development of Next Sensor Networks. In Proceedings of the 3rd interna- Generation User Interfaces. In: IEEE Symposium on Samara, Sufyan; Schomaker, Gunnar: Self-adaptive tional Conference and Workshops on Advances in 3D User Interfaces 2009, 14. - 15. March 2009 IEEE, OS service model in relaxed resource distributed information Security and Assurance (Seoul, Korea, IEEE Computer Society Press. Reconfigurable System on Chip (RSoC). In: Interna- June 25 – 27, 2009). tional Conference on Adaptive and Self-adaptive Dittmann, Florian; Weber, Elmar; Montealegre, Systems and Applications, ADAPTIVE 2009. Norma: Implementation of the Reconfiguration Port Scheduling on the Erlangen Slot Machine. In: Chow, Rammig, Franz Josef; Ditze, Michael; Janacik, Peter; Paul; Cheung, Peter (Hrsg.) Proceeding of the Inter- Heimfarth, Tales; Kerstan, Timo; Oberthür, Simon; national Symposium on Field Programmable Gate Stahl, Katharina: Hardware-dependent Software Arrays, Band 17, S. 282– 282, Monterey, California, Principles and Practice. , Kapitel: Basic Concepts of Additional Activities 107

execute tasks which are becoming increasingly ware systems. Dealing with such systems you have PhD Theses complex, too. If it is not possible that an expert to take in account logical correctness as well as Dr. rer. nat. Johannes Lessmann programs the respective task manually - for exam- several physical boundary conditions. The approach Protocols for Telephone Communications in Wire- ple due to the complexity of tasks or because of by Marco Wehrmeister tries to solve this complex less Multi-Hop Ad Hoc Networks dynamic environments - the robot itself has to learn problem with methods from aspect-oriented pro- In his dissertation Mr. Lessmann suggested an the desired behavior. Such a learning process usu- gramming. By focussing on the examination of alternative scenario in which the PBX (or VoIP ser- ally implies a long training phase. In this training different aspects of an embedded real-time system ver) is replaced by several gateways. These gate- phase the robot experiments with the environment combined with a widely automated process for ways communicate with the telephones via wireless in order to learn the desired behavior. The training interweaving the aspects to a consistant program/ links. Instead of installing a great number of gate- period could be shortened significantly if several software, the design process for embedded real- ways, in order to guarantee complete radio cover- robots in a group have the same goal and are able time systems can be made far more efficient. Marco age for the company, which would be rather expen- to imitate each other. Wilhelm Richter examines in Aurélio Wehrmeister developt and implemented sive, the telephones which are not within reach of a his dissertation “Learning and imitation in hetero- an entire framework for this task. With AMoDE-RT gateway use other telephones as routing devices, geneous robot groups”, how this is feasible within a (Aspect-oriented Model-driven Engineering for Real- so-called hops. Thus, gateways and telephones group of robots. The approaches concearning imita- Time Systems) he has developed a UML-protocol form a Multi-Hop ad hoc network. Besides the mo- tion presented in this dissertation enable the robots which is based on the international standard bility of the telephones via wireless linking, the cen- to imitate each other without having access to the MARTE. This protocol permits application-specific tralizing problem is solved by allocating the data entire data structure of the other robots. Thus, the modeling as well as efficient code generating. By which was previously stored in the PBX to the tele- robots can enhance their performance in a group. developing DERAF (Distributed Embedded Real-time phones. In order to enable this scenario Mr. Less- Furthermore, the presented approaches allow for Aspects Framework) Mr. Wehrmeister offered a mann developed a “cross-layer” protocol consisting imitation within heterogeneous groups of robots. system of suitable stereotypes for UML and MARTE of media access control, topology control and rout- Typically, the advantage of imitation deteriorates, for the use in aspect-oriented programming. DERAF ing. Topology control creates a multistage back- if robots with different abilities/skills are imitating contains six packages for the treatment of relevant bone. Access control quarantees a maximum per each other. This dissertation presents an approach non-functional aspects of distributed real-time node delay/latency. Both things can be used by the which permits to calculate similarities and differ- systems: timing, precision, synchronization, com- routing device to establish connections with maxi- ences in behavioral abilities of the robots. This munication, resource constraints, and allocation mum overall delay/latency. The connection band- approach can be used to determine which robot is of tasks. In order to specify the crosscutting, Mr. width can be used very efficiently by means of most similar to another one and thus is most suita- Wehrmeister established a class diagram with ste- aggregation, overbooking, and directed fragmenta- ble for imitation. reotypes and called it ACOD (Aspects Crosscutting tion of data packages. The connections consist of Overview Diagram). two paths which are sticking together in form of a Dr. rer. nat. Alexander Krupp rope-ladder. This guarantees high robustness and A Verification Plan for Systematic Verification of avoids failures. The dissertation was written in co- Mechatronic Systems Additional Functions operation with Siemens. Thus, in addition to several Mr. Krupp developed a novel method for defining F. J. Rammig: scientifically interesting results it has high practical a verification plan for mechatronic systems. This Member of the North-Rhine-Westphalia Academy  and economic relevance. method skillfully combines recent developments of Science in the context of verification planning for digital Member of acatech – GERMAN ACADEMY OF SCI-  Dr. rer. nat. Natascha Esau electronics with today‘s approaches concerning ENCE AND ENGINEERING the development and verification of mechatronic Member of the awarding committee of the Alexan- Emotional Aspects of Human-Robot-Interaction and  Its Implementation/Realization in Behavior-Based systems. The method is based on an significantly der von Humboldt Foundation extended version of the classification tree method University-sided chair of the C-LAB Systems  Mrs. Esau‘s dissertation is based on a special fuzzy- and is inspired by the well-established classifica- Member of the board of directors of the Paderborn  emotions-model. Emotion recognition is conducted tion tree method CTM/ES by Daimler. By means International Graduate School on Dynamic Intelli- visually (VISBER), via analyzing the facial expres- of this new method formal characteristics of a gent Systems sion of a person, as well as prosodie-based (PROS- mechatronic system can be defined, along with an Member of the board of directors of the Paderborn  BER), by analyzing the modulation of the voice. execution control unit for creating an automated Center for Parallel Computing VISBER is a six-step method ranging from image verification plan for the simulation and testing of Member of the board of directors of the s-lab  pre-processing over general image recognition to mechatronic systems. Combining novel verification (Software Quality Lab) the eventual classification. The actual classification artifacts with functional requirements allows for a German representative in IFIP TC 10  of emotions happens by the use of a Fuzzy-System. significantly improved visibility. Member of IFIP Working Group 10.2 und 10.5  PROSBER consists of two rather similar parts: on the Member of GI FB 3 Technical Informatics  one hand the training of a Fuzzy-System and on the Dr. rer. nat. Simon Oberthür Co-editor Teuber Texte zur Informatik other hand emotion recognition by means of such  Towards an RTOS for Self-optimizing Mechatronic Co-editor Journal of Network and Computer Appli- a trained system. The training of a Fuzzy-System  Systems cation (Elsevier) happens according to the Fuzzy-Grid-Approach. In The dissertation work of Mr. Oberthür examines order to provide for a real/complete man-maschine- concepts for a real-time operating system for self- B. Kleinjohann: interaction the machine must be able to express optimizing systems. Such systems are character- Vice Chair of IFIP Working Group 10.2 Embedded  emotions, too. Hence, Mrs. Esau uses the robot ized by their dynamic resource requirements. This Systems head MEXI which was developed in the C-LAB. led to the development of a flexible resource man- Program Chair IFIP Conference on Distributed  The key component of this robot head is the so- ager which is able to distribute temporarily unused and Parallel Embedded Systems (DIPES 201), called Emotion Engine. The Emotion Engine mixes resources of one application to other applications Brisbane, Australia, September 2010 emotions created by positive and negative stimuli under hard real-time conditions. Furthermore, the with cyclical needs which can also be externally resource manager can deactivate system services L. Kleinjohann: influenced. By employing models from psychology which are not required. In order to apply more re- Publication Chair of IFIP Working Group 10.2  Mrs. Esau developed a basic technical equivalent sources to an application, the application has to Embedded Systems to a needs system. Furthermore, she converted this specify further variants. Furthermore, the approach Organizing Chair, IFIP Conference on Distributed  equivalent into a mathematical model which con- was integrated into the design process for self- and Parallel Embedded Systems (DIPES 2010), ducts the basis for implementation. The chronologi- optimizing systems in order to assist the developers Brisbane, Australia, September 2010 cal sequence of emotions is treated similarly. with the specifications. W. Müller: Dr. rer. nat. Wilhelm Richert Dr. rer. nat. Marco Aurélio Wehrmeister Deputy spokesman of RSS Fachgruppe 4 Descrip-  Learning and imitation in heterogeneous robot An Aspect-Oriented Model-Driven Engineering tion Languages and Modeling of Circuits and groups Approach for Distributed Embedded Real-Time Systems As robots are becoming more and more affordable Member of ACM SIGDA Systems  they are increasingly used in different areas to Embedded real-time systems are very complex soft- Member of ACM  108 Workgroups

Member of IEEE Computer Society eCUBES (EU Project): Research on micro-system  Vice Program Chair, DATE 2009 technologies to develop cost-efficient, miniaturized  Current Industry Co-operations Work in Progress Chair, IEEE SIES 2010 and autonomous systems for the field of ambient In the context of CRC 614 Transferproject T4 with   General Co-Chair, UML-SOC\‘09 intelligence  Sysgo AG, Klein-Winterheim, Germany, and Blue- stone Technology GmbH, Wendelsheim, Germany S. Oberthür: AIS (edacentrum Cluster Research Project) “Auton- In the context of the SATURN Project with the  ACM Sigbed Information Director/Web Chair omous Integrated Systems”: Methods, Tools and  Thales Security Systems of Artisan Software Tools Architectures for the Design of Autonomous Inte- GmbH, Germany grated Systems In the context of the SANITAS and OSAMI Projects  Current Research Projects with Siemens AG, Germany CRC 616, Tp. A2 - Behavior-Oriented Self-Optimiza- OSAMI (EU Project): Open Source AMbient Intelli- In the context of the SANITAS Project with TietoE-  tion (DFG) gence, demand analysis for OSAMI-based services nator GmbH, Lippstadt, Germany and systems in the application domain “IT within CRC 614, Tp. B3 - Virtual Prototyping (DFG) healthcare” Scientific Co-operations CRC 614, Tp. C2 - RTOS for Self-Optimizing Systems SPRINT (EU Project): Open SoC Design Platform for Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Ger-  (DFG) Reuse and Integration of IPs many Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg,  CRC 614, Tp. T4 - Flexible Ressource Management SATURN (EU Project): SysML bAsed modeling, archi- Germany in Practice (DFG) tecTUre exploRation, simulation and syNthesis for Center for Embedded Computer Systems, UC  complex embedded systems Irvine, USA SPP Reconfigurable Computing, Project “TP²R² - UFRGS Porto Alegre, Brasilien  Temporal Placement and Temporal Partitioning of SANITAS: Safe application design via transaction- Informatics Research Centre at the University of  Reconfigurable Systems” (DFG) based system models for reliable products of the Karlsruhe, Germany next generation University of Technology Berlin, Germany  ESLAS SPP Organic Computing, Project “A Modular University of Technology Braunschweig, Germany  Approach for Evolving Societies of Learning Auton- TIMMO (BMBF Project): Timing Model, Timing Con- University of Technology Kaiserslautern, Germany  omous Systems” (DFG) trains University of Technology München, Germany  Coconut (EU Project): Design flow for modeling and verification, focus on mixed continuous/discrete embedded systems Additional Activities 109

Workgroup System and Circuit Technology Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ulrich Rückert

Liß, C.; Porrmann, M.; Rückert, U.: Early Exploration ence, Vol. 44, Proceedings of the FIRA RoboWorld Publications of Network Processor Architectures Using Cadence Congress 2009, Incheon, Korea, August 16-20, Witkowski, U.; El Habbal, M.; Herbrechtsmeier, S.; InCyte Chip Estimator. CDNLive EMEA2009, Munich, 2009, pp. 346-356, Springer. Penders, J.; Alboul, L.; Motard, E.; Gancet, J.: Mobile Germany, May 18-20, 2009 (best paper award). Ad-hoc communication in highly dynamic environ- Witkowski, U.; Sitte, J.; Herbrechtsmeier, S.; Rück- ment optimized with respect to robustness, size Liß, C.; Porrmann, M.; Rückert, U.: InCyte Chip- ert, U.: AMiRESot -- A New Robot Soccer League and power efficiency. In: Proceedings of the Interna- Estimator in Research and Education. CDNLive with Autonomous Miniature Robots. In: Progress in tional Workshop on Robotics for risky interventions EMEA2009, Munich, Germany, May 18-20, 2009. Robotics, Communications in Computer and Infor- and Environmental Surveillance (RISE 2009), Brus- mation Science, Vol. 44, Proceedings of the FIRA sels, Belgium, January 12-14, 2009. Jungeblut, T.; Klassen, D.; Dreesen, R.; Porrmann, RoboWorld Congress 2009, Incheon, Korea, August M.; Thies, M.; Rückert, U.; Kastens, U.; Design 16-20, 2009, pp. 332-345, Springer. Pfau, T.; Peveling, R.; Herath, V.; Hoffmann, S.; Space Exploration for Next Generation Wireless Wördehoff, C.; Adamczyk, O.; Porrmann, M.; Noé, Technologies. Electrical and Electronic Engineering Porrmann, M.; Hagemeyer, J.; Pohl, C.; Romoth, J.; R.: Towards Real-Time Implementation of Coherent for Communication (EEEfCOM) 2009, Ulm, Germany, Strugholtz, M.: RAPTOR – A Scalable Platform for Optical Communication. In. Proceedings of OFC/ June 24-25, 2009, Invited talk. Rapid Prototyping and FPGA-based Cluster Comput- NFOEC 2009, San Diego, California, USA, March ing. In Proceedings of the International Conference 22-26, 2009, invited paper. Purnaprajna, M.; Pohl, C.; Porrmann, M.; Rückert, on Parallel Computing, ParCo2009, Symposium on U.: Using Run-time Reconfiguration for Energy Parallel Computing with FPGAs, Lyon, France, Sep- Hoffmann, S.; El-Darawy, M.; Pfau, T.; Wördehoff, Savings in Parallel Data Processing. In: Proceedings tember 1-4, 2009. C.; Peveling, R.; Rückert, U.; Noe, R.: Realtime Phase of the International Conference on Engineering of Tracking with Multiplier-Free Barycenter Approxima- Reconfigurable Systems and Algorithms (ERSA ‚09), Dreesen, R.; Jungeblut, T.; Thies, M.; Porrmann, M.; tion in Digital Synchronous QPSK Receiver for Co- Las Vegas, USA, July 13-16, pp. 119-125, 2009. Rückert, U.; Kastens, U.: A Synchronization Method herent Detection. In: LEOS, Annual Meeting 2009, for Register Traces of Pipelined Processors. In Pro- Belek-Antalya, Turkey, March 22-26, 2009. Grassi, P. R.; Santambrogio, M. D.; Hagemeyer, J.; ceedings of the International Embedded Systems Pohl, C.; Porrmann, M.: SiLLis: A Simplified Lan- Symposium 2009 (IESS ‚09), Schloss Langenargen, Herath, V.; Peveling, R.; Pfau, T.; Adamczyk, O.; guage for Monitoring and Debugging of Reconfig- Germany, September 14-16, pp. 207–217, 2009. Hoffmann, S.; Wördehoff, C.; Porrmann, M.; Noé, urable Systems. In Proceedings of the International R.: Chipset for a Coherent Polarization-Multiplexed Conference on Engineering of Reconfigurable Noé, R.; Rückert, U.; Hoffmann, S.; Pfau, T.; Peve- QPSK Receiver. In: Proceedings of OFC/NFOEC Systems and Algorithms (ERSA ‚09), Las Vegas, ling, R.; El-Darawy, M.; Al-Bermani, A.: Real-time 2009, San Diego, California, USA, March 22-26, USA, July 13-16, pp. 174–180, 2009. Implementation of Digital Coherent Detection: In: 2009. Proceedings of the European Conference on Optical Purnaprajna, M., Porrmann, M., and Rueckert, U.: Communication (ECOC2009), Vienna, Austria, Sep- Köster, M.; Luk, W.; Hagemeyer, J.; Porrmann, M.: Run-time Reconfigurability in Embedded Multiproc- tember 20-24, 2009. Design Optimizations to Improve Placeability of essors. SIGARCH Computer Architecture News, Partial Reconfiguration Modules. In: Proceedings of Volume 37, Number 2, pp. 30-37, July 2009. Amin, S.; Tanoto, A.; Witkowski, U.; Rückert, U.; DATE: Design, Automation and Test in Europe, pp. Abdel-Wahab, M. S.: Effect of global position infor- 976-981, Nice, France, April 20-24, 2009. Porrmann, M.; Purnaprajna, M.: Puttmann, C.: Self- mation in unknown world exploration - A case study optimization of MPSoCs Targeting Resource Efficien- using the Teleworkbench. In: Robotics and Autono- Grassi, P. R.; Santambrogio, M. D.; Puttmann, C.; cy and Fault Tolerance. In: Proceedings of NASA/ mous Systems, Vol. 57, October 2009, pp. 1042- Pohl, C.; Porrmann, M.: A High Level Methodology ESA Conference on Adaptive Hardware and Systems 1047, North-Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam, for Monitoring Network-on-Chips. Diagnostic Serv- (AHS-2009), pp. 467-473, San Francisco, California, The Netherlands, 2009. ices in Network-on-Chips (DSNOC’09), Workshop at USA, July 29 – August 1, 2009, invited paper. Design, Automation and Test in Europe, DATE 2009, Loeb, H.-P.; Liß, C.; Rückert, U.; Sauer, C., UMAC pp. 79-97, Nice, France, April 24, 2009. Kim, J.-H.; Sam Ge, S.; Vadakkepat, P.; Jesse, N.; Al - A Universal MAC Architecture for Heterogeneous Mamun, A.; Puthusserypady, S.; Rückert, U.; Sitte, Home Networks. In Proceedings of the International Grassi, P. R.; Pohl, C.; Porrmann, M.: Reconfigura- J.; Witkowski, U.; Nakatsu, R.; Braunl, Th.; Baltes, Workshop on Wireless and Optical Networks (WI- tion Viewer. Design, Automation and Test in Europe J.; Anderson, J.; Wong, C.-C.; Verner, I.; Ahlgren, D. OPT 2009), Workshop at International Conference DATE, University Booth, Nice, France, April 20-24, (Editors): Advances in Robotics, Proceedings of the on Ultra Modern Telecommunications (ICUMT- 2009. FIRA RoboWorld Congress 2009, Incheon, Korea, 2009), St.-Petersburg, Russia, October 12-14, 2009. August 16-20, 2009, Springer Series: Lecture Notes Pohl, C.; Fuest, R.; Porrmann, M.: Manageable in Computer Science, Vol. 5744, 2009, ISBN: 978- Noé, R.; Rückert, U.; Hoffmann, S.; Pfau, T.; Peve- Dynamic Reconfiguration with EVE – Extendable 3-642-03982-9. ling, R.: Realization of Digital Coherent Receivers. VHDL Editor. Design, Automation and Test in Europe LEOS, Annual Meeting 2009, Belek-Antalya, Turkey, DATE, University Booth, Nice, France, April 20-24, Kim, J.-H.; Sam Ge, S.; Vadakkepat, P.; Jesse, N.; Al October 2009. 2009. Mamun, A.; Puthusserypady, S.; Rückert, U.; Sitte, J.; Witkowski, U.; Nakatsu, R.; Braunl, Th.; Baltes, Paiz, C.; Hagemeyer, J.; Pohl, C.; Porrmann, M.; Porrmann, M.; Hagemeyer, J.; Romoth, J.; Strugholtz, J.; Anderson, J.; Wong, C.-C.; Verner, I.; Ahlgren, D. Rückert, U.; Schulz, B.; Peters, W.; Böcker, J.: FPGA- M.: Rapid Prototyping of Next-Generation Multi- (Editors): Progress in Robotics, Proceedings of the Based Realization of Self-Optimizing Drive-Control- processor SoCs. In Proceedings of Semiconductor FIRA RoboWorld Congress 2009, Incheon, Korea, lers. In: Proceedings of the 35th Annual Conference Conference Dresden, SCD 2009, Dresden, Germany, August 16-20, 2009. Springer Series: Communica- of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON April 29-30, 2009, invited paper. tions in Computer and Information Science, Vol. 44, 2009), pp. 2868-2873, Porto, Portugal, November 2009, ISBN: 978-3-642-03985-0. 3-5, 2009. Luetkemeier, S.; Kaulmann, T.; Rückert, U.: A Sub- 200mV 32bit ALU with 0.45pJ/instruction in 90nm Neuwinger, B.; Witkowski, U.; Rückert, U.: Ad-Hoc Blesken, M.; Rückert, U.; Steenken, D.; Witting, K.; CMOS. In: Proceedings of Semiconductor Confer- Communication and Localization System for Mobile Dellnitz, M.: Multiobjective Optimization for Tran- ence Dresden, SCD 2009, Dresden, Germany, April Robots . In: Advances in Robotics, Lecture Notes in sistor Sizing of CMOS Logic Standard Cells Using 29-30, 2009, invited paper. Computer Science, Vol. 5744/2009, pp. 220-229, Set-Oriented Numerical Techniques. In: Proceedings August 2009, Springer. of NORCHIP 2009, Trondheim, Norway, November El-Darawy, M.; Herath, V.; Pfau, T.; Hoffmann, S.; 16-17, 2009. Peveling, R.; Adamczyk, O.; Wördehoff, C.; Rückert, Herbrechtsmeier, S.; Witkowski, U.; Rückert, U.: U.; Noe, R.: Analysis of an ASIC-based Coherent BeBot: A Modular Mobile Miniature Robot Platform Paiz, C.; Pohl, C.; Radkowski, R.; Hagemeyer, J.; Polarization-Multiplexed QPSK Receiver and Dif- Supporting Hardware Reconfiguration and Multi- Porrmann, M.: FPGA-in-the-Loop-Simulations for ferent Receiver Frontends. In: 10. ITG-Fachtagung standard Communication. In: Progress in Robotics, Dynamically Reconfigurable Applications. In Proc. Photonische Netze, ITG-Fachbericht, pp. 127-130, Communications in Computer and Information Sci- of the 2009 Int. Conf. on Field-Programmable Tech- Leipzig, Germany, May 4-5, 2009, ITG/VDE. 110 Workgroups

nology (FPT‘09), Sydney, Australia, December 9-11, a diverse set of applications have been mapped robot team supports fire fighters in exploration 2009. onto the QuadroCore multiprocessor. Experimen- of the building and provides communication and tal results show speedups in the range of 3 to 11 positioning facilities. Besides the research group Pohl, C.; Hagemeyer, J.; Porrmann, M.; Rückert, U.: in comparison to a single processor. In addition, System and Circuit Technology eight European part- Using a Reconfigurable Compute Cluster for the energy savings of up to 30% were noted on account ners are involved. Acceleration of Neural Networks. In Proc. of the of reconfiguration. Furthermore, to steer applica- 2009 Int. Conf. on Field-Programmable Technology tion mapping based on power considerations, an Hardware Reconfiguration (FPT‘09), Sydney, Australia, December 9-11, 2009. instruction-level power model has been developed. In this project we analyse and implement principles Using this model, a power-driven instruction selec- of hardware reconfiguration of microelectronic com- Pohl, P.; Paiz, C.; Porrmann, M.: vMAGIC – Auto- tion introduces energy savings of up to 70% in the ponents in self-optimising mechatronic systems. matic Code Generation for VHDL. In: International QuadroCore multiprocessor. The project is part of the Collaborative Research Journal of Reconfigurable Computing, Hindawi Centre 614 of the DFG. Publishing Corporation, Volume 2009, Article ID 205149. Fairs, Conferences, Seminars Information Technology for Match Analysis and AMiRE 2009 Training Control in Sports Tanoto, A.; Rückert, U.; Witkowski, U.: Telework- 5th International Symposium on Autonomous In cooperation with the research groups Sports bench: A Teleoperated Platform for Experiments in Minirobots for Research and Edutainment, Incheon, Medicine (Prof. Weiß) and Applied Mathematics Multi-Robotics. In: Tzafestas, S. G. (Editor) Web- Korea, 16.- 18. August 2009 (Prof. Dellnitz) of the University of Paderborn, a Based Control and Robotics Education, Vol. 38, pp. The conference, which has been co-organized by novel method for match analysis is developed. The 287-316. Springer Verlag, 2009. the System and Circuit Technology group, focuses method is based on the simultaneous acquisition on the application of minirobots in research and of physiological data of the players and data from a edutainment. tracking system. PhD Theses Dr.-Ing. Tim Kaulmann MxMobile Resource-efficient realization of pulse-coded Additional Functions In cooperation with the working group “Program- Director of the HNI Graduate College “Automatic ming Languages and Compilers”, Prof. Kastens, and neural networks  This thesis focuses on the resource-efficient design, Configuration in Open Systems” further partners from research institutes and from i.e., area-efficient and energy-efficient design of Member of the “International Graduate School of industry, a resource-efficient VLIW processor for  pulse-coded neural networks and its technical Dynamic Intelligent Systems” Committee multiband multistandard mobile communication implementation in current CMOS technologies. Member of the Advisory Council of the C-LAB is developed. The project is funded by the Federal  The energy consumption used for information Member of the Advisory Council of the L-LAB Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF).  processing in a nerve cell is estimated by a state Member of the Advisory Council of the PC² (Pader-  control based model of the ion transport through a born Center for Parallel Computing) OMEGA — Home Gigabit Access cell membrane. This is used as a measure for the Member of the Advisory Council of the PaSCo Together with partners from industry and academia  developed analog and digital implementations. (Paderborn Institute for Scientific Computation) the System and Circuit technology group investi- The transition from biological neurons to the tech- Chairman of the Special Interest Group “Mikro- gates the media convergence of ultra broadband  nical implementation of neurons is supported by elektronik neuronaler Netze” of the ITG (Informa- home area networks with guarantied quality of serv- the derivation of essential properties of an electric tion Technology Society) ice. The project is funded be the EU in the seventh neuron model. Subsequently, resource-efficient Adjunct Professor, Faculty of Information Techno- framework programme.  digital and analogue implementations of pulse- logy, QUT, Brisbane, Australia coded neurons in CMOS technologies with feature RTOS for Self-Optimising Systems sizes of 130nm and smaller are designed and the In cooperation with the working group “Design of required resources and the properties of the imple- Spin-offs Parallel Systems” of Prof. Rammig, we develop a mentations are evaluated. The obtained results are EvoPACE GmbH real-time communication and operating system for set in relation to the biological model. It turns out EvoPACE supports its customers in the develop- distributed self-optimizing systems. This project that the analogue implementation of pulse-coded ment of resource-efficient hardware-software is part of the Collaborative Research Centre 614 of neurons in a 130nm CMOS technology is the most systems. As a partner in all phases of the design the DFG. efficient realization. process, EvoPACE offers know-how and expertise It is shown that the design and use of specialized concerning design and redesign of applications as RECS Resource-efficient Cluster Server digital standard cell library elements, with parti- well as development of compilers, processors and In cooperation with Christmann Informationstech- cularly low supply voltage, can reduce the power application-specific hardware and software. nik + Medien GmbH & Co KG and the Paderborn dissipation of digital implementations by orders of Center for Parallel Computing a supercomputer for magnitude compared to conventional approaches. small and medium-sized businesses is developed. Current Research Projects In contrast to actual supercomputing Dr.-Ing. Madhura Purnaprajna Dynamically Reconfigurable Hardware for real-time solutions, RECS is optimized for low power con- Run-time Reconfigurable Multiprocessors applications sumption as well as small The main advantage in multiprocessors is the Funded by the DFG as transfer project T5 in the physical dimensions and low cost. The project is performance speedup obtained with parallelism framework of the Collaborative Research Centre funded by the Federal Ministry of Economics and at processor-level. Similarly, the flexibility for 614, the methods for dynamic reconfiguration that Technology (BMWi). application-specific adaptability is the advantage in have been developed in the research group System reconfigurable architectures. To benefit from both and Circuit Technology are utilized for the industrial Dynamically Reconfigurable Hardware for Space these architectures, we present a reconfigurable development of mechatronic systems in coopera- Applications multiprocessor template, which combines the bene- tion with the Paderborn company dSPACE. Ionizing radiation and enormous variations in fits of parallelism in multiprocessors and flexibility temperature pose a challenge when designing data in reconfigurable architectures. A fast, single cycle, EASY-C processing units for space applications. The System resource-efficient, run-time reconfiguration scheme Key technologies for the next generation of mobile and Circuit Technology group currently develops a accelerates customisations in the reconfigurable communication are developed in the BMBF Pro- space-qualified FPGA module for the exchange of multiprocessor template. Based on this method- ject EASY-C (Enablers for Ambient Services and hardware functions at run-time. The project is fund- ology, a four-processor multiprocessor called Systems, Part C) in cooperation with partners from ed by the European Space Agency (ESA) and con- QuadroCore has been implemented on UMC‘s 90nm research institutes and from industry. ducted in cooperation with TWT GmbH and Swiss standard cells and on Xilinx‘s FPGA. QuadroCore is Space Technology. customisable and adapts to variations in the granu- GUARDIANS larity of parallelism, the amount of communication Aim of this project is the development of an auton- between tasks, and the frequency of synchronisa- omous mobile robot team to support fire fighters tion. To validate the advantages of this approach, in fire-fighting in large industrial warehouses. The Additional Activities 111

Workgroup Engineering and Mechatronics Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Ansgar Trächtler

Detectors for High-Speed Photon Counting for laser scanning microscopes Publications PhD Theses In cooperation with LaVision Biotec GmbH and Rustemeier, C.; Trächtler, A.: RailCab – Ein inno- Dr.-Ing. Erika Schäfer Surface Concept GmbH, new detector technologies vatives Schienenverkehrssystem für die Mobilität Modular-hierarchical, Model-based Design and to visualize processes in the living animal, tissue von morgen. Ingenieurspiegel, Ausgabe 02/2009, Optimization of a Control for an Active Suspension slice or cultured cells. The project is funded by Bingen, Mai, 2009, S. 47-49 Ever increasing demand on comfort and dynamics the Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology of modern cars requires intensified use of com- (BMWi). Reinold, P.; Nachtigal, V.; Jäker, K.-P.; Trächtler, A.: plex technologies. Continuous advances rely on Control Strategy for the Lateral and Longitudinal engineers’ ever deeper insight into the intricate Dynamics of a Fully Active X-by-wire Test Vehicle. interaction between chassis elements. When active Current Industry Co-operations Proceedings of the European Control Conference elements are used in the vehicle the result will be a Infineon Technologies AG, Munich 2009 (ECC), Budapest, Hungary, August 23-26, wider range of design possibilities and thus a gain Development of a control processor for a multiproc- 2009. in comfort and safety. The present thesis describes essor system-on-chip architecture. the entire design cycle for a new active suspension Geisler, J.; Trächtler, A.: Control of the Pareto Opti- system. The design is done successively, from Comneon GmbH, Nuremberg mality of Systems with Unknown Disturbances. 7th the formulation of the task to the computer-aided Development of system-on-chip architectures for IEEE International Conference on Control & Auto- design of the actuator system, to identification of baseband processing in future mobile communica- mation (ICCA 2009), Christchurch, New Zealand, the entire system and model-based layout of the tion systems. December 9-11, 2009. hierarchical control to its commissioning in the target vehicle. The thesis focuses on a structured Just, V.; Çinkaya, H.; Trächtler, A.; Landwehr, M.: control design. The control algorithm offers a high Scientific Co-operations Prototypische Applikation einer Vereinzelungsre- level of transparency and offers a multitude of Autonomous Minirobots in research and education gelung an einem Bankautomaten. VDI-Fachtagung possibilities of adapting the control structure to In cooperation with the Ain Shams University in “Mechatronik 2009”, Wiesloch, 12.-13. Mai, 2009. changes in the system. Cairo, Egypt, we are developing a platform for multi- robot experiments that can be used worldwide via Koert, D.; Löffler, A.; Zeineldin, T.; Trächtler, A.: the Internet. Echtzeitsimulation für den modellbasierten Steu- Additional Functions ergerätetest von Haushaltsgeräten. 6. Paderborner Dean of studies  DRESD – Dynamic Reconfigurability in Embedded Workshop “Entwurf mechatronischer Systeme” Project manager RailCab  Systems Design (EMS 2009), Paderborn, März, 2009. Chairman of the L-LAB  In cooperation with the Politecnico di Milano, Italy, Board member of the Graduate School on Dyna-  new methodologies for the efficient utilization of Zeineldin, T.; Koert, D.; Löffler, A.; Trächtler, A.: Ent- mic Intelligent Systems dynamically reconfigurable hardware in embedded wicklung einer Hardware-in-the-Loop-Umgebung für Board member of IFAC TC 7.1 Automotive Control  systems are being developed. den Steuergerätetest von Kondenstrocknern. VDI- Head of the VDI/VDE Technical Committee 7.62  Fachtagung “Mechatronik 2009”, Wiesloch, 12.-13. (Feedforward and Feedback Control of Motorcars Dynamically Reconfigurable Hardware in Auto- Mai, 2009. and Motors) nomous Systems Cooperation in the VDI/VDE Technical Committees  In cooperation with Professor Wayne Luk from the Bruns, T.; Trächtler, A.: Kreuzungsmanagement: Tra- 1.30 (Modelling, Identification and Simulation Imperial College, London we analyse the applica- jektorienplanung mittels dynamischer Programmie- in Automation Engineering), 1.40 (Theoretical tion of dynamically reconfigurable hardware in the rung. Automatisierungstechnik, Jahrgang 57, Heft 5, Procedures in Control Engineering), 4.15 (Mecha- area of mobile autonomous systems. München, 2009 tronics), 7.61 (Automation of Railway Systems)

Resource-Efficient Function Approximator for Auton- Trächtler, A.: Fahrdynamische Regelungen und Fahr- omous Systems zeugführung. Automatisierungstechnik, Jahrgang Fairs, Conferences, Seminars Based on analog circuit technology, a microelec- 57, Heft 5, München 2009 Hannover Messe 2009 tronic module is being developed for the resource- 20. bis 24. April 2009 efficient implementation of a function approximator Sondermann-Wölke, C.; Geisler, J.; Hirsch, M.; for autonomous systems. This is done in coopera- Hemsel, T.: Verlässlichkeit im aktiven selbstopti- Motek 2009 - Stuttgart tion with Professor Sitte, Queensland University of mierenden Spurführungsmodul eines schienen- 21. bis 24. September 2009 Technology, Australia. gebundenen Fahrzeugs. Entwurf mechatronischer Systeme, HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe, Band 250, rail2009 Ultra Low Power Circuit Technology Paderborn, 2009, S. 231-243 9. bis 11. November 2009, Westfalenhallen, Dort- In cooperation with Professor Snorre Aunet from the mund University of Oslo, Norway we develop nano-scale Krüger, M.: Parametrische Modellreduktion für selb- ultra low power circuits in CMOS technology. stoptimierende mechatronische Systeme. Tagungs- Basisseminar Virtual Prototyping & Simulation band GMA-Fachausschuss 1.30 - Modellierung, “Herausforderung Mechatronikentwicklung” Identifikation und Simulation in der Automatisie- 13. November 2009, Heinz Nixdorf Institut, Pader- rungstechnik, Anif, Salzburg, September, 2009 born

Klöpper, B.: Sondermann-Wölke, C.; Romaus, C.; Vöcking, H.: Probabilistic Planning Integrated in a Spin-Offs Multi-level Dependability Concept for Mechatronic MLaP Systems. IEEE-CICA 2009, Nashville, USA, 2009 Mechatronik Laboratorium Paderborn, founded in 2006, offers services in the fields “Design of Osmic, S.: Flachheitsbasierte Reglerumschaltstra- mechatronic systems” and “Control engineering”. tegie für Ein- und Mehrgrößensysteme. 43. Rege- Special applications are the development of elec- lungstechnisches Kolloquium, Boppard, 25.-27. tro-hydraulic actuators for active chassis systems Februar, 2009 and controller design for the actuator systems and the overall vehicle behaviour. Moreover, the service Ober-Blöbaum, S.; Timmermann, J.: Optimal Con- comprises feasibility studies and concept compar- trol for a Pitcher’s Motion Modeled as Constrained isons, client-specific tests in hardware-in-the-loop Mechanical System. ASME 2009 International environments as well as the design and tests of Design Engineering Technical Conferences & Com- prototypes and testbeds. The corporate name MLaP puters and Information in Engineering Conference pays homage to Prof. Joachim Lückel who originat- IDETC/CIE, August 30-September 2, 2009, San ed mechatronics in Paderborn. Diego, USA www.mlap.de 112 Workgroups

Current Research Projects RailCab - Neue Bahntechnik Paderborn: Current Industry Co-operations CRC 614 Self-optimising concepts and structures in Joint project for the development of an innovative Energy management for motorcars: mechanical engineering: railway system combining modern chassis technol- Object of research are the simulation of energy Cooperation in the subprojects C3: OCM-Archi- ogy with the advantages offered by wear-free linear flows in the car and an optimisation of the energy tecture for Self-optimising Controls, D1: Self- motors and the use of existing rail tracks. management. The project is aimed at determining optimizing Functional Modules and D2: Interlinked Sponsoring institution: University of Paderborn the potential for saving primary energy resp. Reduc- Self-optimizing Modules and Systems. The goal is ing emission of carbon dioxide in cars. to develop and establish self-optimising mecha- Ride-Comfort Modelling for HiL Simulations of Auto- Sponsoring institution: Volkswagen AG tronic systems in hardware and software as well as motive ECUs: to test the knowledge, methods, and procedures Automated generation of equations of motion for Modelling of paper transport: acquired in the context of the CRC 614 using com- real-time applications to manage high-frequency The aim is an insight into the physical processes plex examples. behaviour of passenger cars for hardware-in-the- in the transport and separation of banknotes by loop simulations. The goal is a simplification of the means of a specialised test bench and their model- Sponsoring institution: DFG ECU application by an extension of the modelling ling as multi-body systems (MBS). CRC 614 Self-optimising concepts and structures in depth in an early phase of the ECU development. Sponsoring institution: Wincor Nixdorf AG mechanical engineering: Supporting institution: International Graduate In the transfer project T3, results from the sub- School Modelling of a drying process: projects C3 and D2 are going to be translated into The project is about research and simulation of industrial applications. A practical example is the Chamäleon: the drying process in a tumble dryer, with special automated parameter identification of the modular- Mechatronic Design and realisation of an electrical, regard to modelling the motion behaviour of the ized model of a diesel engine. fully active X-by-wire test vehicle, “Chamäleon”, laundry in combination with the thermodynamic Sponsoring institution: DFG which serves as a demonstrator of the interlinking processes and the system “tumble dryer”. of vehicle-dynamics control systems and for tests of Sponsoring institution: Miele & Cie. KG Active suspension for a heavy-weight all-terrain new design methods and tools. vehicle: Supporting institution: internal project Hardware-in-the-loop testbed for control units of Development and design of an active suspension washing machines: system for an all-terrain wheeled vehicle, model- Parallel robot TriPlanar: The most important component of the HiL testbed is based optimisation of chassis setting and actuator Further advancement of the robot to a flexible work- the physical model of a washing machine consist- system, consisting of reversible vane pumps and ing platform for 6-DOF positioning-, measuring, and ing of thermo-dynamical, fluid-mechanical, and synchronous HP cylinders; design and optimisation manufacturing tasks. The system is also used for mechanical subsystems. The washing machine is of the vehicle control using the model, tests of research on a model-based calibration by means simulated on a real-time hardware and linked to the actuator and controller systems on the test bench, of self-optimisation. The goal is an identification control unit by means of the sensor- and actuator implementation in a test vehicle and road tests. of geometrical deviations that may occur during signals, i.e., the equations of the model of the Sponsoring institution: German Federal Armed manufacturing or mounting. Knowledge of these washing machine have to be solved in real time. Forces deviations enables an efficient, realistic mathemati- For the control unit, the virtual washing machine cal description of the TriPlanar kinematics and thus on the testbed behaves exactly like a real washing Active and semi-active suspension of a light-weight an increase in positioning accuracy. machine; thus tests of the control unit will be far tracked vehicle: Supporting institution: internal project easier to do. Purposes of the project are the modelling, controller Sponsoring institution: Miele & Cie. KG synthesis, simulation, construction, and implemen- tation of an active suspension with off-road ability. Project partner: German Federal Armed Forces Additional Activities 113

Workgroup Parallel Computing Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Burkhard Monien

Robert Elsässer, Thomas Sauerwald: On the Run- studi di Salerno (I), Max-Planck-Institut für Informa- Publications time and Robustness of Randomized Broadcasting, tik in Saarbrücken (D), University of Ioannina (GR), Henning Meyerhenke, Burkhard Monien, Stefan Theoretical Computer Science, 410, Pages 3414– Universite de Geneve (CH), Christian-Albrechts-Uni- Schamberger: Graph Partitioning and Disturbed Dif- 3427, 2009 versitaet zu Kiel (D), Universita degli studi di Roma fusion, To appear in Parallel Computing “Tor Vergata” (I), Universitat Polytecnica de Cata- Robert Elsässer, Thomas Sauerwald: Cover Time lunya in Barcelona (E), National and Kapodistrian Matthias Kirschner, Philipp Schengbier, Tobias and Broadcast Time, Proc. of the 26th International University of Athens (GR), Universita degli studi di Tscheuschner: Speed-Up Techniques for the Selfish Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Padova (I), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Step Algorithm in Network Congestion Games. Science (STACS‘09), Pages 373–384, 2009 Zuerich (CH), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (B), Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en on Experimental Algorithms (SEA‘09), Dortmund, Automatique (F), University of Cyprus (CY), Univer- Springer LNCS 5526, Pages 173–184, 2009 Patents, Prizes, Awards zita Karlova v Praze (CZ), Cybernetica AS (Estonia). Elected as President of the “European Association The objectives of the Integrated Project AEOLUS are: Dominic Dumrauf, Burkhard Monien, Karsten Tie- for Theoretical Computer Science” (EATCS) 1. To identify and study the important fundamen- mann: Multi-Processor Scheduling is PLS-Complete tal problems and investigate the corresponding Proc. of: 42st Hawaii International Conference on algorithmic principles related to overlay computers System Sciences, HICSS-42 2009), Proceedings Additional Functions running on global computers. President of the European Association for Theore- 2. To identify the important functionalities such an (CD-ROM and online), 5–8 January 2009, Waikoloa,  Big Island, HI, USA, (HICSS‘09), Page 269, IEEE tical Computer Science (EATCS) overlay computer should provide as tools to the pro- Member of the Board of the “North Rhine-West- grammer, and to develop, rigorously analyze and Computer Society, 2009  phalian Academy of Science and Arts” experimentally validate algorithmic methods that Member of acatech – GERMAN ACADEMY OF SCI- can make these functionalities efficient, scalable, Yvonne Bleischwitz, Burkhard Monien: Fair Cost-  Sharing Methods for Scheduling Jobs on Parallel ENCE AND ENGINEERING fault-tolerant, and transparent to heterogeneity. Associated Member of the Board of the HNI 3. To provide improved methods for communication Machines, Journal of Discrete Algorithms, Volume  Member of the Board of the “Paderborn Center for and computing among wireless and possibly mobile 7, Issue 3, Pages 280–290, 2009 (Special Issue on  the 6th Italian Conference on Algorithms and Com- Parallel Computing” (PC2) nodes so that they can transparently become part of Member of the Board of the “Graduate School on larger Internet-based overlay computer. plexity CIAC 2006)  Dynamic Intelligent Systems” 4. To implement a set of functionalities, integrate Member of the Board of “Paderborn Institute for them under a common software platform (the Over- Dominic Dumrauf, Burkhard Monien: On the Road to  PLS-Completeness: 8 Agents in a Singleton Conges- Scientific Computation” (PaSCo) lay Computer Platform) in order to provide the basic tion Game, Proc. of the 4th International Workshop primitives of an overlay computer, as well as build On Internet And Network Economics (WINE‘08), sample services on this overlay computer, thus pro- LNCS 5385, Pages 94–108, 2009 Current Research Projects viding a proof-of-concept for our theoretical results. DFG-Central Program 1307 “Algorithm Enginee- Florian Schoppmann: The Power of Small Coalitions ring” in Cost Sharing, Proceedings of the 4th Internation- Sub-Project: “Disturbed Diffusion for Partitioning Current Industry Co-operations al Workshop on Internet and Network Economics and Clustering Graphs” “Use of Operations Research Procedures in Airline (WINE‘08), LNCS 5385, Pages 665–674, 2009 Research Area: graph partitioning, load balancing, Optimization” graph clustering Employer: Lufthansa Systems GmbH Henning Meyerhenke, Burkhard Monien, Thomas Sauerwald: A New Diffusion-based Multilevel Algo- EU-Project “AEOLUS - Algorithmic Principles for rithm for Computing Graph Partitions of Very High Building Efficient Overlay Computers”(FP6-015964) Quality, Proc. 22nd IEEE International Parallel and Partner: Centre National de la Recherche Scienti- Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS‘08) fique CNRS (F), Universita di Roma “La Sapienza” (I), Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing, Computer Science Institute in Patras (GR), Telecom 69(9), Pages 750–761, 2009 Italia Learning Services S.p.A. (I), Universita degli 114 Workgroups

Workgroup Software Engineering Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Wilhelm Schäfer

analysis approach for such systems which is geared Publications Giese, H.; Wagner, R.: From model transformation especially towards the properties of self-optimizing Priesterjahn, C.; Tichy, M.: Modeling Safe Recon- to incremental bidirectional model synchronization. systems, e.g. architectural reconfiguration for be- figuration with the FUJABA Real-Time Tool Suite. Software and Systems Modeling (SoSyM), vol. 8, havioral adaptation. The hazard analysis is based tech. rep., Eindhoven University of Technology, The pp. 21–43, February 2009. Online First. DOI: http:// on a specification of the errors and failures of indi- Netherlands, November 2009. accepted. dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10270-008-0089-9. vidual components as well as their propagation in the system‘s component structure. This spec- von Detten, M.; Platenius, M. C.: Improving Dyna- Axenath, B.; Sudmann, O.: Project Planning Support ification enables qualitative and quantitative mic Design Pattern Detection in Reclipse with Set by Model Checking. In: Proceedings of INFORMATIK hazard analyses. For the special case of self- Objects. In: Proceedings of the 7th International 2009 - Im Focus das Leben. Workshop Modellierung optimizing systems, the different configurations of Fujaba Days (Pieter Van Gorp, ed.), (Eindhoven Uni- und Beherrschung der Komplexität. (Stefan Fischer, the system‘s component structure are taken into versity of Technology, The Netherlands), pp. 15–19, Erik Maehle, and Rüdiger Reischuk, eds.), vol. 154 account. The hazard analysis approach contains a November 2009. accepted. of LNI, p. 412, Köllen Druck+Verlag GmbH, 2009. modeling language for the structure and structural reconfigurations. The specification of structure is Eckardt, T.; Henkler, S.: Synthesis of Component Adelt, P.; Donoth, J.; Gausemeier, J.; Geisler, J.; based on the UML component diagrams and com- Behavior. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Henkler, S.; Kahl, S.; Klöpper, B.; Krupp, A.; Münch, posite structures. The accompanying language for Fujaba Days (Pieter Van Gorp, ed.), (Eindhoven Uni- E.; Oberthür, S.; Paiz, C.; Podlogar, H.; Porrmann, structural reconfigurations combines graph trans- versity of Technology, The Netherlands), pp. 1–5, M.; Radkowski, R.; Romaus, C.; Schmidt, A.; Schulz, formations with the concrete syntax of component November 2009. accepted. B.; Vö, H.; Witkowski, U.; Witting, K.; Znamenshchy- diagrams for a tight integration with the modeling kov, O.: Selbstoptimierende Systeme des Maschi- language for component structures. Examples Heinzemann, C.; Henkler, S.; Zündorf, A.: Specifica- nenbaus – Definitionen, Anwendungen, Konzepte. from the RailCab project are used to illustrate the tion and Refinement Checking of Dynamic Systems. vol. Band 234. Paderborn: HNI-Verlagsschriften- presented concepts. The hazard analysis has been In: Proceedings of the 7th International Fujaba Days reihe, 2009. prototypically implemented in the Fujaba4Eclipse (Pieter Van Gorp, ed.), (Eindhoven University of case tool. Technology, The Netherlands), pp. 6–10, November Dell‘Aere, A.; Hirsch, M.; Klöpper, B.; Koester, M.; 2009. accepted. Krüger, M.; Krupp, A.; Müller, T.; Pook, S. O. S.; Prie- Dr. Robert Wagner sterjahn, C.; Romaus, C.; Schmidt, A.; Sondermann- Incremental Model Synchronization Henkler, S.; Breit, M.; Brink, C.; Böger, M.; Brenner, Wölke, C.; Tichy, M.; Vöcking, H.; Zimmer, H.: Ver- Model-driven software development is seen as a C.; Bröker, K.; Pohlmann, U.; Richtermeier, M.; lässlichkeit selbstoptimierender Systeme – Potenzi- promising approach to increase the software quality Suck, J.; Travkin, O.; Priesterjahn, C.: FRiTSCab: ale nutzen und Risiken vermeiden, vol. Band 235. and reduce the costs and complexity of software Fujaba Re-Engineering Tool Suite for Mechatronic Paderborn: HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe, 2009. development at the same time. For this purpose, Systems. In: Proceedings of the 7th International the software system under construction is describ- Fujaba Days (Pieter Van Gorp, ed.), (Eindhoven Uni- Meyer, J.; Schäfer, W.: Automatische Analyse und ed with different models. However, a problem with versity of Technology, The Netherlands), pp. 25–29, Generierung von AUTOSAR -Konfigurationsdaten. this is that the different interrelated models overlap November 2009. accepted. In: Proc. of the Dagstuhl-Workshop: Model-Based in their information content and the overlappings Development of Embedded Systems (MBEES), can result in contradictory statements being made Priesterjahn, C.: Hazard Analysis of Self-Optimizing 22.–24.4.2009, Schloss Dagstuhl, Germany (tba., on the software system. In order to obtain an error- Mechatronic Systems:. In: Proc. of the Doctoral ed.), Informatik-Bericht, (Technische Universität free software system the contradictions between Symposium of the 7th joint meeting of the Euro- Braunschweig), 2009. the models have to be resolved, i.e., the models pean Software Engineering Conference (ESEC) and have to be synchronized with each other. A manual the ACM SIGSOFT Symposium on the Foundations H. C., B.; de, R.; Giese, H.; Inverardi, P.; Magee, J.; synchronization is however not only tedious and of Software Engineering (FSE) August 24–28 2009 Andersson, J.; Becker, B.; Bencomo, N.; Brun, Y.; prone to errors, but also time-consuming and Amsterdam, The Netherlands, August 2009. Cukic, B.; Di Marzo, G.; Dustdar, S.; Finkelstein, A.; therefore inefficient. This thesis presents an auto- Gacek, C.; Geihs, K.; Grassi, V.; Karsai, G.; Kienle, H. matic model synchronization approach. The model Gausemeier, J.; Schäfer, W.; Greenyer, J.; Kahl, S.; M.; Kramer, J.; Litoiu, M.; Malek, S.; Mirandola, R.; synchronization synchronizes related models and Pook, S.; Rieke, J.: Management of Cross-Domain Müller, H. A.; Park, S.; Shaw, M.; Tichy, M.; Tivoli, therefore resolves existing contradictions between Model Consistency During the Development of M.; Weyns, D.; Whittle, J.: Software Engineering for the models. The model synchronization can hereby Advanced Mechatronic Systems. In: Proceedings of Self-Adaptive Systems: A Research Roadmap. In: either be fully executed in a single step or step the 17th International Conference on Engineering Software Engineering for Self-Adaptive Systems by step, i.e., incrementally. The presented model Design (ICED09) (Margareta Norell Bergendahl, (Betty H. C. Cheng, Rogério de Lemos, Holger Giese, synchronization approach is therefore also suitable Martin Grimheden, and Larry Leifer, eds.), vol. 6, Paola Inverardi, and Jeff Magee, eds.), vol. 5525 for large models. Moreover, techniques for the (University of Stanford, CA, USA), pp. 1–12, Design of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pp. 1–26, model-based and automated development of model Society, August 2009. Springer, 2009. synchronization tools are presented. The approach presented in this work, however, is not limited to Henkler, S.; Greenyer, J.; Hirsch, M.; Schäfer, W.; Priesterjahn, C.; Tichy, M.; Henkler, S.; Hirsch, M.; model synchronization. It is also well-suited for Alhawash, K.; Eckardt, T.; Heinzemann, C.; Löffler, Schäfer, W.: Fujaba4Eclipse Real-Time Tool Suite. model integration, model transformation and code R.; Seibel, A.; Giese, H.: Synthesis of Timed Be- In: Model-Based Engineering of Embedded Real- generation. Based on the prototypical implementa- havior From Scenarios in the Fujaba Real-Time Tool Time Systems (MBEERTS), LNCS, pp. 1–7, Springer, tion of the presented concepts, it could be shown Suite. In: Proc. of the 31th International Conference 2009. accepted. by using different examples and performance tests on Software Engineering (ICSE), Vancouver, Canada, that the incremental model synchronization is also pp. 615–618, May 2009. efficient when applied to large models. PhD Theses Sondermann-Wölke, C.; Geisler, J.; Hirsch, M.; Hem- Dr. Matthias Tichy sel, T.: Verlässlichkeit im aktiven selbstoptimie- Hazard Analysis of Self-optimizing Systems Fairs, Conferences, Seminars renden Spurführungsmodul eines schienengebun- Advanced embedded systems increasingly contain Presentation of the “Zukunftsmeile” project of the denen Fahrzeugs. In: Proc. of the Sixth Paderborner self-optimizing behavior to improve or maintain University of Paderborn at Hannover Messe on April Workshop Entwurf mechatronischer Systeme, HNI- properties like quality of service, dependability, 20, 2009 Verlagsschriftenreihe, April 2009. or performance in spite of failures or environ- mental changes. As embedded systems are often Member of the program committee of the following Bimmermann, C.: Ansatz für ein durchgängiges employed in a safety-critical context, the effects of conferences: Variantenmanagement in der automobilen Steuer- self-optimization on the safety must be analyzed geräteentwicklung. In: SE 2009 - Workshopband, carefully. Self-optimization is usually implemented Software Engineering 2009 (SE09), Kaiserslautern Workshop Produkt-Variabilität im gesamten by software and results in the exchange of system March 2–6, 2009 Lebenszyklus (PVLZ 2009), (Kaiserslautern, components at runtime which means a change http://www.se2009.de Germany), GI, April 2009. of the architecture. This thesis presents a hazard Additional Activities 115

6. Paderborner Workshop “Entwurf mechatronischer Mitherausgeber IEEE Transactions on Software provide the ability to model and manage artifacts  Systeme”, Paderborn Engineering of the development process as well as variants of April 2–3, 2009 Executive Manager of the Zukunftsmeile Fürsten- these artifacts to different software tools. The con-  http://wwwhni.uni-paderborn.de/ems2009 allee Projektentwicklungsgesellschaft mbH sistent formalization of the notion of a variant shall also allow for a cross-application modeling of vari- 31th International Conference on Software Engi- ant dependencies and vehicle configurations. neering (ICSE09), Vancouver, Canada, Spin-Offs May 16–24, 2009 Büro für Softwaretechnik WUS-Austria: Degree Development Structure: PhD in http://www.cs.uoregon.edu/events/icse2009/ The Büro für Softwaretechnik (Office for Software ICT in Bosnien Herzegowina home/ Engineering) offers comprehensive and innovative The project’s goal is to develop an approach for services around the Eclipse Platform. A special the structured PhD studies in the ICT field at the The 7th joint meeting of the European Software focus is the development of individual, domain University of Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Engineering Conference (ESEC) and the ACM specific applications as well as compatible and Within the scope of project, the University of Banja SIGSOFT Symposium on the Foundations of Software interoperable tool chains for model-driven software Luka is supported in the development of courses in Engineering (FSE) , Amsterdam, The Netherlands development. the ICT sector. In addition, training for lecturers, the August 24–28, 2009 www.wagner-gt.de development of joint research projects in the ICT http://www.esec-fse-2009.ewi.tudelft.nl sector and an exchange program for PhD students and professors take place. ICAT 2009 - XXII International Symposium Informa- Current Research Projects Funding institution: Austrian Development Agency tion, Communication and Automation Technologies, Collaborative Research Centre 614 “Self-optimizing (ADA) Sarajevo Concepts and Structures in Mechanical Engineer- October 29–31, 2009 ing” EURECA-Project http://icat.etf.unsa.ba Transfer Project T2 “Hybrid Modelling – Integration The EURECA project aims to establish a Eurasian of Hybrid Modelling and Validation Techniques in academic mobility network for achieving excellence CEE-SET (IFIP Central and Eastern European Con- CAMeL-View” in research and education in a global context, by ference on Software Engineering Techniques), Within the scope of the transfer project, a modeling identifying key themes for cooperation, leveraging Krakow, Polen language for discrete real-time behavior is devel- on the complementary competencies and providing October 12–14, 2009 oped in cooperation with iXtronics GmbH based on synergies essential for the progress and mutual http://www.cee-set.agh.edu.pl the results of the collaborative research centre. This benefit of the targeted Asian countries as well as modeling language is further integrated into the the European Union. The consortium comprises 7th International Fujaba Days, Eindhoven, The CAMeL-View tool. This also includes the develop- of 16 prominent educational institutions (9 from Netherlands ment of a code generation as well as a simulation Europe and 7 from Asia) and is coordinated by November 16–17, 2009 of the models. Mälardalen University, Sweden. http://is.tm.tue.nl/staff/pvgorp/events/fujaba- Funding institution: German Research Foundation Funding institution: EU days2009/ (DFG) SPES 2020: Innovation Alliance “Software Platform Software Engineering 2010 (SE10), Paderborn RailCab - Neue Bahntechnik Paderborn Embedded Systems 2020” February 22–26, 2010 The aim is the development of a new railway system The national innovation alliance “Software Platform http://www.se2010.upb.de that combines the modern chassis technology with Embedded Systems 2020” works on solutions for the advantages of the Transrapid and the use of ex- the cross-domain and model-based development 32th International Conference on Software Engi- isting railway lines. Focus of activity: development of embedded software. The Software Engineering neering (ICSE2010), Cape Town, South Africa of software for coordination and communication. Group works on the following work packages: May 2–8, 2010 Sponsoring institution: University of Paderborn AU-AP3: Early formal specification and analysis of http://www.sbs.co.za/ICSE2010/ automotive systems; ZP-AP1: Comprehensive and Tempus Project Nr. 41023 integrated model-based development of heteroge- The main focus is the establishment of centers of neous embedded systems including process and Patents, Prizes, Awards expertise for software quality at the Croatian uni- tool integration; ZP-AP2: Model-based requirements IBM Innovation Award versities in Zagreb, Osijek and Split. Additionally, engineering for embedded systems; ZP-AP3: Model- The Software Engineering Group has been selected the quality of the courses of study is ensured and based architecture design for the 2009 IBM Real-time Innovation Award, which improved through the exchange of teachers, PhD Funding institution: BMBF is valued with US $18,000. The prize is awarded for students and graduate students as well as coopera- outstanding research projects based on the use or tions in national and EU-wide research projects. In Design Techniques for Intelligent Mechatronics real-time technology in research and teaching. particular, a common course of the Universities of (ENTIME) Zagreb, Mälardalen and Paderborn is carried out. In ENTIME, the University of Paderborn creates a Funding institution: EU multidisciplinary design methodology for mecha- Additional Functions tronic products. This will be connected with tech- Vice President of Research and Young Academics Project UML for Automotive Systems niques of the Semantic Web and will therefore lead  Member of the DFG (German Research Founda- Most innovations in modern vehicles are realized to an effective exchange of knowledge along the  tion) Review Board Computer Science, by software nowadays, for example advanced driv- industry value chains. Chair of the International Graduate School “Dy- er assistance systems. The present engineering Funding institution: State NRW  namic Intelligent Systems” method, however, is not able to cope with the grow- Speaker of the PACE Institute (Paderborn Institute ing role of software and its complexity. Facing these FUJABA Real-Time Tool Suite  for Advanced Studies) challenges, new engineering methods are required The FUJABA Real-Time Tool Suite is based on the Representative Speaker of the Collaborative that offer solutions for this problem. This is what open source UML Case Tool FUJABA. FUJABA is  Research Centre 614 “Self-optimizing Concepts the Software Engineering Group and the Software developed since 1997 by the Software Engineering and Atructures in Mechanical Engineering” Quality Lab are working on in close cooperation Group. Focus of the FUJABA Real-Time Tool Suite Deputy Chairman of the InnovationsAllianz der with the global automotive supplier Hella KGaA is the model-based development of embedded  Hochschulen NRW. e.V. Hueck & Co from Lippstadt. (mechatronic) systems. The overall development Member of the Expert Commission Computer Sci- Funding institution: Hella KGaA Hueck & Co. approach is realized by the use of Mechatronic  ence of the ASIIN UML. The center of the overall approach is the com- Consultant for the DFG (German Research Foun- Development of a Cross-application Concept for positional approach that addresses the complexity  dation), Christian-Doppler-Gesellschaft, NSERC Variant Management of the considered systems. (Canada) The aim of the work is to use current developments Funding institution: German Research Foundation Co-editor Software Process Improvement and in the field of software engineering in order to for- (DFG) (prorated)  Practice, Wiley mally define variants. Such a formal definition shall 116 Workgroups

Current Industry Co-operations Publications Additional Functions Robert Bosch GmbH, Stuttgart Peckhaus, V.: Fixing Cantor’s Paradise: The Prehis- Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the   Vector Informatik GmbH, Stuttgart tory of Ernst Zermelo’s Axiomatization of Set University of Paderborn  Model Engineering Solutions, Berlin Theory, in: Klaus Robering (ed.), New Approaches Member of the Senate of the University of Pader-   itemis AG, Dortmund to Classes and Concepts, College Publications: born  dSpace GmbH, Paderborn London 2008, 11–22. Member of the Interacademic Leibniz Commission   Hella KG Hueck & Co., Lippstadt (Academy of Science at Göttingen, Berlin-Bran  IBM Deutschland GmbH, Stuttgart Peckhaus, V.: Die Zeitschrift für die Grundlagen der denburg Academy of Science)  Siemens AG, München gesamten Mathematik. Ein gescheitertes Zeitschrif- Member of managing board of the Deutsche Verei-   Unity AG, Büren tenprojekt aus dem Jahre 1908, in: Volker R. Rem- nigung für Mathematische Logik und Grundlagen-  Robert Wagner, Büro für Softwaretechnik, mert/Ute Schneider (eds.), Publikationsstrategien forschung der exakten Wissenschaften (DVMLG)  Gütersloh einer Disziplin. Mathematik in Kaiserreich und Wei- Member of the scientific board of the Gesellschaft  marer Republik, Harrassowitz Verlag: Wiesbaden für Wissenschaftsgeschichte 2008, 141–160. Permanent member of the German National Com-  Scientific Co-operations mittee of the Division for Logic, Methodology and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA Peckhaus, V.: The Mathematical Origins of Philosophy of Science in the German National Prof. Dr. Mary Jean Harrold Nineteenth-Century Algebra of Logic, in: Leila Committee of the Division of History of Science in Haaparanta (ed.), The Development of Modern the International Union of the History and Philoso- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA Logic, Oxford University Press: Oxford etc. 2009, phy of Science Prof. Dr. Alex Orso 159–195. Editor-in-Chief of the Journal History and Philoso-  phy of Logic University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA Peckhaus, V.: Leibniz nach der Postmoderne, (Co-) editior of the Journal Mathematische Se-  Prof. Dr. Leon Osterweil in: Leibniz neu denken, ed. by Erich Barke/Rolf mesterberichte Wernstedt/Herbert Breger, Leibniz neu denken, Review editor for history of L´logic in the journal  Dipartimento di Elettronica e Informazione, Politec- Franz Steiner Verlag: Stuttgart 2009, 97–108. Bulletin of Symbolic Logic nico Di Milano, Mailand, Italien Member of the editorial boards of the journal The  Prof. Dr. Mauro Pezze Peckhaus, V.: Leibniz’s Influence on 19th Century Review of Modern Logic Logic, in: The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Member of the editorial board of the journal Histo-  Fraunhofer-Institut, Experimentelles Software Engi- (Fall 2009 Edition), ed. by Edward N. Zalta, URL = ria Mathematica neering, Kaiserslaufern, Deutschland . Philosophia Scientiae Prof. Dr. Dieter Rombach Member of the scientific board of the journal Phi-  Peckhaus, V.: Language and Logic in German Post- losophisches Jahrbuch der Görres-Gesellschaft Technische Universität Darmstadt, FG Real-Time Hegelian Philosophy, in: The Baltic International Member of the editorial board of the book series  Systems, Darmstadt, Deutschland Yearbook of Cognition, Logic and Communication, History of Analytic Philosophy Prof. Dr. Andy Schürr vol. 4: 200 Years of Analytical Philosophy, ed. by Sandra Lapointe/Matti Eklund/Amie L. Thomasson University of California, San Diego, USA (2009), URL = . The Berlin Group: Prehistory, History and Heritage, supported by the Thyssen Foundation (Peckhaus, Universität Banja Luca, Bosnien Herzegowina Peckhaus, V.: 2 reviews in Mathematical Reviews Milkov) Prof. Dr. Milorad Bozic 2008. Contributor the the editorial project Oskar Becker, Universität Mostar, Bosnien Herzegowina Peckhaus, V.: 9 reviews in Zentralblatt für Mathe- supported by the DFG (Peckhaus) Prof. Dr. Ismet Maksumic matik und ihre Grenzgebiete 2008. Project related exchange with Finland: Phenome- Univerzität Tuzla, Bosnien Herzegowina nological Positions in the Foundational Debates in Dr. Samra Mujacic Habilitations Mathematics, supported by the DAAD (Peckhaus, PD Dr. phil. Nikolay Milkov Peucker) Universität Sarajevo, Bosnien Herzegowina Early Analytic Philosophy in Context Prof. Dr. Zikrija Arvagic German-Argentinian Cooperation: Form and Content in the History of Modern Logic, suported with the Universität Zagreb, Kroatien Fairs, Conferences, Seminars programme DFG/CONICET 2008 (Peckhaus). Prof. Dr. Mario Zagar Workshop “Perspectives on the Early History of Analytic and Phenomenological Philosophy”, 30–31 Algebra of Logik and Logical Algebra – On the Universität Osijek, Kroatien March 009, University of Paderborn (Volker Peck- Prehistory of Model Theory (Heinemann) Prof. Dr. Zeljko Hocenski haus, Henning Peucker, supported by the DAAD).

Universität Split, Kroatien Congress “Die Berliner Gruppe: Erkenntnis, Wahr- Prof. Dr. Stipe Celar scheinlichkeit, Interdisziplinarität”, 3-5 September 2009, Hotel Campus Lounge, Paderborn (Volker Mälardalen Universität, Schweden Peckhaus, Nikolay Milkov, Anna-Sophie Heinemann, Prof. Dr. Ivica Crnkovic supported by the Thyssen Foundation). Prof. Dr. Sasikumar Punnekkat International Workshop “Form and Content in Amrita Universität, Indien the History of Modern Logic”, 13–14 November Prof. Dr. Krishnashree Achuthan 2009, University of Paderborn (Volker Peckhaus, supported by the DFG in the framework of the DFG- Universität Lleida, Spnaien Conicet Cooperation Programme). Prof. Dr. Josep Maria Ribo

Universität Duisburg-Essen Prof. Dr. Klaus Pohl Location Map 117

Heinz HeinzNixdorf Nixdorf Institute: Institute: How to find us How to find us

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