Round People: Bob Dylan and the Street Ballad
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Come gather ‘round people Bob Dylan and the Street Ballad Diplomarbeit zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Magisters der Philosophie an der Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz vorgelegt von David SAMITSCH Am Institut für Anglistik Begutachter: Ao. Univ. Prof. Mag. Dr. phil. Hugo Keiper Graz, 2018 Eidesstattliche Erklärung Ich erkläre ehrenwörtlich, dass ich die vorliegende Arbeit selbständig und ohne fremde Hilfe verfasst, andere als die angegebenen Quellen nicht benützt und die den benutzten Quellen wört- lich oder inhaltlich entnommenen Stellen als solche kenntlich gemacht habe. Ich habe diese Dip- lomarbeit bisher weder im In- noch im Ausland in irgendeiner Form als Prüfungsarbeit vorge- legt. Graz, Mai 2018 ………….………………….. David Samitsch “The times, they are a-changin’” – nach sechs Jahren des Studiums steht nun eine Zeitenwende in meinem Leben bevor. Es ist an der Zeit, inne zu halten und mich bei den Menschen zu bedan- ken, die mich auf diesem Stück des Weges unterstützt haben. Besonderer Dank gilt meiner Familie, die mich in allen erdenklichen Formen unterstützt hat und ohne die dies papierne Zeugnis meiner erfolgreichen Laufbahn wohl nie zustande gekom- men wäre. Ein herzliches Danke dafür! Des Weiteren möchte ich mich auch bei meinem Betreuer Ao. Univ. Prof. Mag. Dr. phil. Hugo Keiper für seine gewissenhafte Betreuung, zahlreiche früchtebringende Anreize, sein Vertrauen und seine außerordentliche Unterstützung bedanken. “How many times can a comma be put In a space where it’s counter-intuitive? The answer, my friend, is luckily not in print The answer is luckily not in print!” Last but not least, ein herzliches Dankeschön an Mag.Veronika Zeppetzauer für das großartige Lektorat meiner Arbeit auch bzw. großteils außerhalb der Bürozeiten! TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 1 2 The English and Scottish ballads ............................................................................................ 2 2.1 Definition of the Term ’Ballad’ .................................................................................... 2 2.2 Types of Ballads and their Functions ........................................................................... 2 2.3 Origin of the Ballads .................................................................................................... 4 2.3.1 The Folk as Author: Communal Origin Theory ............................................ 4 2.3.2 Individual Origin Theory ............................................................................... 7 2.3.3 Communal Transmission Theory .................................................................. 8 2.3.4 The Ballad and the Epic ................................................................................. 9 2.3.5 Comparison of Versions ................................................................................ 9 2.4 History of the Ballad and Ballad Collections ............................................................. 10 2.4.1 Medieval Times to 17th Century .................................................................. 10 2.4.2 18th and 19th Centuries: The Age of the Ballad Collectors .......................... 11 2.4.3 Francis James Child: The English and Scottish Popular Ballads ............... 13 2.4.4 20th Century to Present ................................................................................ 14 3 The Ballad: Features .............................................................................................................. 15 3.1 Composition ............................................................................................................... 15 3.1.1 Composing and Performing Ballads ............................................................ 15 3.1.2 Differences: Oral and Literary Poetry ......................................................... 16 3.2 Content of Ballads ...................................................................................................... 18 3.2.1 Topoi and Themes of Traditional Ballads ................................................... 18 3.2.1.1 Class Differences .......................................................................... 18 3.2.1.2 The Nuncupative Testament ......................................................... 18 3.2.1.3 The Last Goodnight ...................................................................... 19 3.2.1.4 Religion ......................................................................................... 19 3.2.1.5 Verbal Duels and Riddles ............................................................. 19 3.2.1.6 Love, Romance, Sex ..................................................................... 19 3.2.1.7 The Love Triangle ........................................................................ 20 3.2.1.8 Crimes ........................................................................................... 20 3.2.1.9 Schadenfreude ............................................................................... 20 3.2.1.10 Magic and (super-)natural forces ................................................ 21 3.2.1.11 Revenants .................................................................................... 21 3.2.1.12 Robin Hood ................................................................................. 21 3.2.1.13 Historical incidents ..................................................................... 21 3.2.2 Topoi and Themes of Street Ballads............................................................ 22 3.3 Form and Style of Ballads .......................................................................................... 22 3.3.1 Rhyme and Meter ........................................................................................ 22 3.3.2 Syntax .......................................................................................................... 25 3.3.3 Stylistic Features of Ballads ........................................................................ 25 3.3.3.1 Leaping and Lingering .................................................................. 25 3.3.3.2 (Incremental) Repetition and Formulaic Language ...................... 26 3.3.3.3 Drastic Imagery, Hyperboles and Contrasts ................................. 27 3.4 Model of Communication .......................................................................................... 29 3.4.1 Ballad Types ................................................................................................ 30 3.4.2 Idiosyncrasies of Street Ballads ................................................................... 31 3.4.2.1 Request for the Audience’s Attention ........................................... 32 3.4.2.2 Interrelation: Message – Ballad Singer ......................................... 32 3.4.2.3 Direct Address of the Audience .................................................... 32 4 Bob Dylan ............................................................................................................................. 34 4.1 Early Life: First Musical and Literary Influences ...................................................... 34 4.2 Becoming Dylan ......................................................................................................... 35 4.3 Meeting Woody Guthrie ............................................................................................. 36 4.4 Greenwich Village ...................................................................................................... 37 4.5 The First Record: Bob Dylan (1962) .......................................................................... 38 4.6 Freewheelin’ and The Times They Are a-Changin’ ................................................... 39 4.7 Another Side of Bob Dylan ......................................................................................... 40 4.8 1965 to Present ........................................................................................................... 41 5 Interrelations: Bob Dylan and the Ballad Tradition .............................................................. 43 5.1 Sources of Bob Dylan’s Ballad and Folk Influence ................................................... 43 5.2 Songs Directly Referring to Ballads ........................................................................... 44 5.2.1 “Pretty Peggy-O” ......................................................................................... 44 5.2.2 “House Carpenter” ....................................................................................... 46 5.2.3 “Masters Of War” ........................................................................................ 48 5.2.4 “A Hard Rain’s A-gonna Fall” .................................................................... 49 5.2.5 “Bob Dylan’s Dream” ................................................................................. 53 5.2.6 “Walls Of Red Wing” and “Percy’s Song” ................................................. 54 5.2.7 “Ballad Of Hollis Brown” ........................................................................... 55 5.2.8 “Seven Curses” ............................................................................................ 56 5.3 Songs Incorporating Topoi and Themes of Traditional Ballads ................................ 57 5.3.1 “Girl From The North County” and “Boots Of Spanish Leather” .............. 57 5.3.2 “Down The Highway” ................................................................................