Paleobiogeography Spring, 2005 the PALEOBIOGEOGRAPHY of EARLY TETRAPODS AS REFLECTED in the TETRAPOD DATABASE 2 INTRODUCTION
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Alfred Romer – Wikipedia
Alfred Romer – Wikipedia https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Romer aus Wikipedia, der freien Enzyklopädie Alfred Sherwood Romer (* 28. Dezember 1894 in White Plains, New York; † 5. November 1973) war ein US-amerikanischer Paläontologe. Sein Fachgebiet war die Evolution der Wirbeltiere. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Leben 2 Romer-Lücke 3 Auszeichnungen und Ehrungen 4 Schriften 5 Weblinks 6 Einzelnachweise Leben Alfred Sherwood Romer wurde in White Plains, New York geboren, wo er seinen High-School-Abschluss machte. Danach arbeitete er ein Jahr lang als Angestellter bei der Eisenbahn und entschloss sich dann doch für den Besuch eines College. Mit Hilfe eines Stipendiums vom Amherst College konnte er dort Geschichte und deutsche Literatur studieren. Durch häufige Besuche des American Museum of Natural History entdeckte er seine Begeisterung für naturkundliche Fossilien. Bei Ausbruch des Ersten Weltkriegs meldete er sich als Freiwilliger zum Kriegsdienst und wurde sofort in Frankreich eingesetzt. 1919 kam er zurück nach New York und nahm das Studium der Biologie an der Columbia University auf, das er bereits zwei Jahre später mit der Promotion abschloss. Danach war er als wissenschaftliche Hilfskraft an der Bellevue Medical School der New York University beschäftigt und lehrte insbesondere Histologie, Embryologie und Allgemeine Anatomie. 1923 erhielt er einen Ruf von der Universität Chicago, wo er seine spätere Ehefrau Ruth kennenlernte, mit der er drei Kinder hatte. In Chicago fand er Bedingungen vor, die es ihm ermöglichten, sein Hauptinteresse zu intensivieren - die Paläontologie. So entstanden in den Jahren von 1925 bis 1935 37 Fachartikel, die sich mit diesem Thema befassten. 1934 wurde er zum Professor für Biologie an der Harvard University ernannt. -
Databases in Vertebrate Paleontology Mark D
This article was downloaded by: [University of California, Berkeley] On: 08 January 2013, At: 09:29 Publisher: Taylor & Francis Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/ujvp20 From card catalogs to computers: databases in vertebrate paleontology Mark D. Uhen a , Anthony D. Barnosky b , Brian Bills c , Jessica Blois d , Matthew T. Carrano e , Marc A. Carrasco b , Gregory M. Erickson f , Jussi T. Eronen g h , Mikael Fortelius g , Russell W. Graham i , Eric C. Grimm j , Maureen A. O’Leary k , Austin Mast f l , William H. Piel m , P. David Polly n & Laura K. Säilä g a Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Earth Sciences, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, 22030, U.S.A. b Department of Integrative Biology and Museum of Paleontology, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720, U.S.A. c Center for Environmental Informatics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, U.S.A. d Center for Climate Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, U.S.A. e Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., 20013, U.S.A. f Department of Biological Science, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, 32306, U.S.A. g Department of Geosciences and Geography, HY-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland h Senckenberg Research Institute und Nature Museum, Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre LOEWE BiK-F, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany i Department of Geosciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, U.S.A. -
Downloaded from Brill.Com09/30/2021 07:16:35PM Via Free Access 278 H.-P
Contributions to Zoology, 67 (4) 277-279 (1998) SPB Academic Publishing bv, Amsterdam Short notes and reviews The fossil fauna of Mazon Creek Hans-Peter Schultze Institutfür Paläontologie, Museum für Naturkunde, Invalidenstr. 43, D-10115 Berlin, Germany Keywords: Book review, Mazon Creek, fossil fauna Review of: Richardson’s Guide to the Fossil tematic collecting effort that tried to match that of Fauna of Mazon Creek, edited by Charles W. private collectors. Of great importance, however, & A. Illinois Shabica Andrew Hay. Northeastern was his connection to private collectors. This 308 University, Chicago, Illinois, 1997: XVIII + pp., connection enabled him to view all new finds and 385 4 1 faunal $75.00 figs., tables, list; (hard cover) photograph them. His access to these collections ISBN 0-925065-21-8. was of importance to specialists because it provided with them material for a description of the diverse Since the last the Mazon Creek fauna. century, area around Richardson was able to motivate his col- in northern 100 km in Illinois, about southwest of leagues to engage themselves the Mazon Creek has been known for its Chicago, Pennsylvanian fossils, but he himself compiled mostly raw data fossils. Mainly plant fossils were found along and photographs. He could not finish the project, Mazon Creek and in the coal of that and Charles Shabica open pits area Dr. W. took over the com- until the 1950s. Langford (1958, 1963) was the pilation of the book after Richardson’s death in first to give a compilation of the flora and fauna 1983. Shabica enlisted 24 authors to write short of Mazon Creek. -
Morphology, Phylogeny, and Evolution of Diadectidae (Cotylosauria: Diadectomorpha)
Morphology, Phylogeny, and Evolution of Diadectidae (Cotylosauria: Diadectomorpha) by Richard Kissel A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy Graduate Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology University of Toronto © Copyright by Richard Kissel 2010 Morphology, Phylogeny, and Evolution of Diadectidae (Cotylosauria: Diadectomorpha) Richard Kissel Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology University of Toronto 2010 Abstract Based on dental, cranial, and postcranial anatomy, members of the Permo-Carboniferous clade Diadectidae are generally regarded as the earliest tetrapods capable of processing high-fiber plant material; presented here is a review of diadectid morphology, phylogeny, taxonomy, and paleozoogeography. Phylogenetic analyses support the monophyly of Diadectidae within Diadectomorpha, the sister-group to Amniota, with Limnoscelis as the sister-taxon to Tseajaia + Diadectidae. Analysis of diadectid interrelationships of all known taxa for which adequate specimens and information are known—the first of its kind conducted—positions Ambedus pusillus as the sister-taxon to all other forms, with Diadectes sanmiguelensis, Orobates pabsti, Desmatodon hesperis, Diadectes absitus, and (Diadectes sideropelicus + Diadectes tenuitectes + Diasparactus zenos) representing progressively more derived taxa in a series of nested clades. In light of these results, it is recommended herein that the species Diadectes sanmiguelensis be referred to the new genus -
The Strawberry Bank Lagerstätte Reveals Insights Into Early Jurassic Lifematt Williams, Michael J
XXX10.1144/jgs2014-144M. Williams et al.Early Jurassic Strawberry Bank Lagerstätte 2015 Downloaded from http://jgs.lyellcollection.org/ by guest on September 27, 2021 2014-144review-articleReview focus10.1144/jgs2014-144The Strawberry Bank Lagerstätte reveals insights into Early Jurassic lifeMatt Williams, Michael J. Benton &, Andrew Ross Review focus Journal of the Geological Society Published Online First doi:10.1144/jgs2014-144 The Strawberry Bank Lagerstätte reveals insights into Early Jurassic life Matt Williams1, Michael J. Benton2* & Andrew Ross3 1 Bath Royal Literary and Scientific Institution, 16–18 Queen Square, Bath BA1 2HN, UK 2 School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BU, UK 3 National Museum of Scotland, Chambers Street, Edinburgh EH1 1JF, UK * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The Strawberry Bank Lagerstätte provides a rich insight into Early Jurassic marine vertebrate life, revealing exquisite anatomical detail of marine reptiles and large pachycormid fishes thanks to exceptional preservation, and especially the uncrushed, 3D nature of the fossils. The site documents a fauna of Early Jurassic nektonic marine animals (five species of fishes, one species of marine crocodilian, two species of ichthyosaurs, cephalopods and crustaceans), but also over 20 spe- cies of insects. Unlike other fossil sites of similar age, the 3D preservation at Strawberry Bank provides unique evidence on palatal and braincase structures in the fishes and reptiles. The age of the site is important, documenting a marine ecosystem during recovery from the end-Triassic mass extinction, but also exactly coincident with the height of the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event, a further time of turmoil in evolution. -
SVP's Letter to Editors of Journals and Publishers on Burmese Amber And
Society of Vertebrate Paleontology 7918 Jones Branch Drive, Suite 300 McLean, VA 22102 USA Phone: (301) 634-7024 Email: [email protected] Web: www.vertpaleo.org FEIN: 06-0906643 April 21, 2020 Subject: Fossils from conflict zones and reproducibility of fossil-based scientific data Dear Editors, We are writing you today to promote the awareness of a couple of troubling matters in our scientific discipline, paleontology, because we value your professional academic publication as an important ‘gatekeeper’ to set high ethical standards in our scientific field. We represent the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology (SVP: http://vertpaleo.org/), a non-profit international scientific organization with over 2,000 researchers, educators, students, and enthusiasts, to advance the science of vertebrate palaeontology and to support and encourage the discovery, preservation, and protection of vertebrate fossils, fossil sites, and their geological and paleontological contexts. The first troubling matter concerns situations surrounding fossils in and from conflict zones. One particularly alarming example is with the so-called ‘Burmese amber’ that contains exquisitely well-preserved fossils trapped in 100-million-year-old (Cretaceous) tree sap from Myanmar. They include insects and plants, as well as various vertebrates such as lizards, snakes, birds, and dinosaurs, which have provided a wealth of biological information about the ‘dinosaur-era’ terrestrial ecosystem. Yet, the scientific value of these specimens comes at a cost (https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/11/science/amber-myanmar-paleontologists.html). Where Burmese amber is mined in hazardous conditions, smuggled out of the country, and sold as gemstones, the most disheartening issue is that the recent surge of exciting scientific discoveries, particularly involving vertebrate fossils, has in part fueled the commercial trading of amber. -
Early Tetrapod Relationships Revisited
Biol. Rev. (2003), 78, pp. 251–345. f Cambridge Philosophical Society 251 DOI: 10.1017/S1464793102006103 Printed in the United Kingdom Early tetrapod relationships revisited MARCELLO RUTA1*, MICHAEL I. COATES1 and DONALD L. J. QUICKE2 1 The Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, The University of Chicago, 1027 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637-1508, USA ([email protected]; [email protected]) 2 Department of Biology, Imperial College at Silwood Park, Ascot, Berkshire SL57PY, UK and Department of Entomology, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW75BD, UK ([email protected]) (Received 29 November 2001; revised 28 August 2002; accepted 2 September 2002) ABSTRACT In an attempt to investigate differences between the most widely discussed hypotheses of early tetrapod relation- ships, we assembled a new data matrix including 90 taxa coded for 319 cranial and postcranial characters. We have incorporated, where possible, original observations of numerous taxa spread throughout the major tetrapod clades. A stem-based (total-group) definition of Tetrapoda is preferred over apomorphy- and node-based (crown-group) definitions. This definition is operational, since it is based on a formal character analysis. A PAUP* search using a recently implemented version of the parsimony ratchet method yields 64 shortest trees. Differ- ences between these trees concern: (1) the internal relationships of aı¨stopods, the three selected species of which form a trichotomy; (2) the internal relationships of embolomeres, with Archeria -
The Mesozoic Era Alvarez, W.(1997)
Alles Introductory Biology: Illustrated Lecture Presentations Instructor David L. Alles Western Washington University ----------------------- Part Three: The Integration of Biological Knowledge Vertebrate Evolution in the Late Paleozoic and Mesozoic Eras ----------------------- Vertebrate Evolution in the Late Paleozoic and Mesozoic • Amphibians to Reptiles Internal Fertilization, the Amniotic Egg, and a Water-Tight Skin • The Adaptive Radiation of Reptiles from Scales to Hair and Feathers • Therapsids to Mammals • Dinosaurs to Birds Ectothermy to Endothermy The Evolution of Reptiles The Phanerozoic Eon 444 365 251 Paleozoic Era 542 m.y.a. 488 416 360 299 Camb. Ordov. Sil. Devo. Carbon. Perm. Cambrian Pikaia Fish Fish First First Explosion w/o jaws w/ jaws Amphibians Reptiles 210 65 Mesozoic Era 251 200 180 150 145 Triassic Jurassic Cretaceous First First First T. rex Dinosaurs Mammals Birds Cenozoic Era Last Ice Age 65 56 34 23 5 1.8 0.01 Paleo. Eocene Oligo. Miocene Plio. Ple. Present Early Primate First New First First Modern Cantius World Monkeys Apes Hominins Humans A modern Amphibian—the toad A modern day Reptile—a skink, note the finely outlined scales. A Comparison of Amphibian and Reptile Reproduction The oldest known reptile is Hylonomus lyelli dating to ~ 320 m.y.a.. The earliest or stem reptiles radiated into therapsids leading to mammals, and archosaurs leading to all the other reptile groups including the thecodontians, ancestors of the dinosaurs. Dimetrodon, a Mammal-like Reptile of the Early Permian Dicynodonts were a group of therapsids of the late Permian. Web Reference http://www.museums.org.za/sam/resource/palaeo/cluver/index.html Therapsids experienced an adaptive radiation during the Permian, but suffered heavy extinctions during the end Permian mass extinction. -
A Re-Examination of the Enigmatic Russian Tetrapod Phreatophasma Aenigmaticum and Its Evolutionary Implications
Foss. Rec., 20, 87–93, 2017 www.foss-rec.net/20/87/2017/ doi:10.5194/fr-20-87-2017 © Author(s) 2017. CC Attribution 3.0 License. A re-examination of the enigmatic Russian tetrapod Phreatophasma aenigmaticum and its evolutionary implications Neil Brocklehurst1 and Jörg Fröbisch1,2,3 1Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung, Invalidenstraße 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany 2Institut für Biologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstraße 110, 10115 Berlin, Germany 3Evolutionary Studies Institute & School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa Correspondence to: Neil Brocklehurst ([email protected]) Received: 4 October 2016 – Revised: 31 January 2017 – Accepted: 3 February 2017 – Published: 21 February 2017 Abstract. Phreatophasma aenigmaticum is a mysterious 1 Introduction tetrapod from the earliest middle Permian of Russia, repre- sented by a single femur. At various times since its origi- nal description it has been considered a therapsid synapsid, The early–middle Permian transition was a crucial period in a pelycosaurian-grade synapsid from the family Caseidae, the evolution of early synapsids. During the Cisuralian, ter- and most recently a seymouriamorph amphibian. Using up- restrial faunas were dominated by a paraphyletic grade of to-date knowledge of the postcranial morphology and evo- six synapsid families known as pelycosaurs. However, at the lution of early synapsids, the specimen is re-evaluated and start of the Guadalupian these declined in diversity, possibly subjected to cladistic analysis. Seymouriamorph and therap- due to a mass extinction event (Sahney and Benton, 2008; sid affinities are rejected, and a caseid affinity is supported Brocklehurst et al., 2013), and the Therapsida (the clade con- based on the deep intertrochanteric fossa; the widely spaced taining mammals) became more diverse and abundant. -
Proceedings of the Open University Geological Society
Proceedings of the Open University Geological Society Volume 4 2018 Including lecture articles from the AGM 2017, the Milton Keynes Symposium 2017, OUGS Members’ field trip reports, the Annual Report for 2017, and the 2017 Moyra Eldridge Photographic Competition winning and highly commended photographs Edited and designed by: Dr David M. Jones 41 Blackburn Way, Godalming, Surrey GU7 1JY e-mail: [email protected] The Open University Geological Society (OUGS) and its Proceedings Editor accept no responsibility for breach of copyright. Copyright for the work remains with the authors, but copyright for the published articles is that of the OUGS. ISSN 2058-5209 © Copyright reserved Proceedings of the OUGS 4 2018; published 2018; printed by Hobbs the Printers Ltd, Totton, Hampshire Evolution of life on land: how new Scottish fossils are re-writing our under- standing of this important transition Dr Tim Kearsey BGS Edinburgh Romer’s gap — a hole in our understanding t has long been understood that at some point in the evolution Meanwhile at a quarry called East Kirkton Quarry near Iof vertebrates there was a transition point where they moved Edinburgh in Scotland vertebrate fossils were discovered that are from mainly subsiding in water to living on land. However, until 10 million years younger than the Greenland fossils. These include recently there had been no fossil evidence that documented how Westlothiana, which is thought to be the first amniote (egg-layer) vertebrate life stepped from water to land. This significant hole in or possibly early reptile (Smithson and Rolfe 1990) and scientific knowledge of evolution is referred to as Romer’s gap Balanerpeton an extinct genus of temnospondyl amphibian. -
Vertebrate Paleontology of the Cretaceous/Tertiary Transition of Big Bend National Park, Texas (Lancian, Puercan, Mammalia, Dinosauria, Paleomagnetism)
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1986 Vertebrate Paleontology of the Cretaceous/Tertiary Transition of Big Bend National Park, Texas (Lancian, Puercan, Mammalia, Dinosauria, Paleomagnetism). Barbara R. Standhardt Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Standhardt, Barbara R., "Vertebrate Paleontology of the Cretaceous/Tertiary Transition of Big Bend National Park, Texas (Lancian, Puercan, Mammalia, Dinosauria, Paleomagnetism)." (1986). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 4209. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/4209 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This reproduction was made from a copy of a manuscript sent to us for publication and microfilming. While the most advanced technology has been used to pho tograph and reproduce this manuscript, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. Pages in any manuscript may have indistinct print. In all cases the best available copy has been filmed. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help clarify notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1. Manuscripts may not always be complete. When it is not possible to obtain missing pages, a note appears to indicate this. 2. When copyrighted materials are removed from the manuscript, a note ap pears to indicate this. 3. -
Physical and Environmental Drivers of Paleozoic Tetrapod Dispersal Across Pangaea
ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-07623-x OPEN Physical and environmental drivers of Paleozoic tetrapod dispersal across Pangaea Neil Brocklehurst1,2, Emma M. Dunne3, Daniel D. Cashmore3 &Jӧrg Frӧbisch2,4 The Carboniferous and Permian were crucial intervals in the establishment of terrestrial ecosystems, which occurred alongside substantial environmental and climate changes throughout the globe, as well as the final assembly of the supercontinent of Pangaea. The fl 1234567890():,; in uence of these changes on tetrapod biogeography is highly contentious, with some authors suggesting a cosmopolitan fauna resulting from a lack of barriers, and some iden- tifying provincialism. Here we carry out a detailed historical biogeographic analysis of late Paleozoic tetrapods to study the patterns of dispersal and vicariance. A likelihood-based approach to infer ancestral areas is combined with stochastic mapping to assess rates of vicariance and dispersal. Both the late Carboniferous and the end-Guadalupian are char- acterised by a decrease in dispersal and a vicariance peak in amniotes and amphibians. The first of these shifts is attributed to orogenic activity, the second to increasing climate heterogeneity. 1 Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3AN, UK. 2 Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung, Invalidenstraße 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany. 3 School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK. 4 Institut