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Vedic Practice, Ritual Studiesand Jaimini's Mimamsasutras: Dharma

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Vedic Practice, Ritual Studiesand Jaimini's Mimamsasutras: Dharma Vedic Practice, Ritual Studies and Jaimini’s Mīmāṃsāsūtras Drawing on insights from Indian intellectual tradition, this book examines the conception of dharma by Jaimini in his Mīmāṃsāsūtras, assessing its contemporary relevance, particularly within ritual scholarship. Presenting a hermeneutical re-reading of the text, it investigates the theme of the relationship between subjectivity and tradition in the discussion of dharma, bringing it into conversation with contemporary discourses on ritual. The primary argument offered is that Jaimini’s conception of dharma can be read as a philosophy of Vedic practice, centred on the enjoinment of the subject, whose stages of transformation possess the structure of a her- meneutic tradition. Offering both substantive and methodological insights into the conten- tions within the contemporary study of ritual, this book will be of interest to researchers in the fields of Hindu studies, ritual studies, Asian religion, and South Asian studies. Samuel G. Ngaihte earned his doctorate from the Oxford Centre for Mission Studies, UK. He is currently engaged in research in Northeast India. Routledge Hindu Studies Series Series Editor: Gavin Flood, Oxford Centre for Hindu Studies The Routledge Hindu Studies Series, in association with the Oxford Centre for Hindu Studies, intends the publication of constructive Hindu theo logical, philosophical and ethical projects aimed at bringing Hindu traditions into dialogue with contemporary trends in scholarship and contemporary society. The series invites original, high quality, research level work on re- ligion, culture and society of Hindus living in India and abroad. Proposals for annotated translations of important primary sources and studies in the history of the Hindu religious traditions will also be considered. The Future of Hindu–Christian Studies A Theological Inquiry Francis X. Clooney, SJ Modern Hindu Traditionalism in Contemporary India The Śrī Maṭh and the Jagadguru Rāmānandācārya in the Evolution of the Rāmānandī Sampradāya Daniela Bevilacqua The Goddess and the King in Indian Myth Ring Composition, Royal Power and The Dharmic Double Helix Raj Balkaran Caitanya Vaiṣṇavism in Bengal Social Impact and Historical Implications Joseph T. O’Connell, edited by Rembert Lutjeharms Vedic Practice, Ritual Studies and Jaimini’s Mīmāṃsāsūtras Dharma and the Enjoined Subject Samuel G. Ngaihte For more information about this series, please visit: www.routledge.com/ asianstudies/series/RHSS Vedic Practice, Ritual Studies and Jaimini’s Mīmāṃsāsūtras Dharma and the Enjoined Subject Samuel G. Ngaihte First published 2020 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Routledge 52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2020 Samuel G. Ngaihte The right of Samuel G. Ngaihte to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Ngaihte, Samuel (Samuel G.), author. Title: Vedic practice, ritual studies and Jaimini’s Mimamsasutras: dharma and the enjoined subject / Samuel G. Ngaihte. Other titles: Dharma and the enjoined subject Description: Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2020. | Series: Routledge Hindu studies series | Revision of author’s thesis (doctoral)—Middlesex University, 2018, titled Dharma and the enjoined subject: Jaimini’s Mimamsasutras and the study of ritual. | Includes bibliographical references and index. | Identifiers: LCCN 2019012275 (print) | LCCN 2019018031 (ebook) | ISBN 9780429292088 (eBook) | ISBN 9781000024333 (Adobe) | ISBN 9781000024418 (Mobipocket) | ISBN 9781000024494 (ePub) | ISBN 9780367262211 (hardback) | ISBN 9780429292088 (ebk.) Subjects: LCSH: Jaimini. Mimamsasutra. | Dharma. | Mimamsa. | Hinduism—Rituals. Classification: LCC B132.M5 (ebook) | LCC B132.M5 J2974 2020 (print) | DDC 181/.42—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019012275 ISBN: 978-0-367-26221-1 (hbk) ISBN: 978-0-429-29208-8 (ebk) Typeset in Times New Roman by codeMantra MEOWMEOW AND TINTIN For the mystery of their everyday feline rituals Contents Acknowledgements viii 1 Introduction 1 2 Conceptual framework: Jaimini, hermeneutics and ritual 11 3 Pursuit of dharma: telos, desire and subjectivity 49 4 Authority of Veda: rationality, reductionism and tradition 94 5 Realization of dharma: Karman, codanā and answerability 133 6 Conclusion 188 Appendix: list of sūtras cited in the text 197 Bibliography 205 Index 219 Acknowledgements This book, written originally as a doctoral thesis, is the consequence of a research journey that has experienced a number of generous components coming together to ensure its timely consummation. My sincere appreci- ation and gratitude are reserved especially for the following institutions and individuals: first, my wife Kimte, for helping me appreciate and un- derstand the gift of dialogue anew each day, and for her compassion, love, and support. My family, and especially my parents Dr. B. Langkham and Chingnu Ngaihte, for allowing me the costly privilege of pursuing dreams, and for trusting, encouraging, and supporting me unconditionally through every step. To all my co-workers at Touch India Trust, and particularly to Atula Walling, for providing me the opportunity to hone my professional and life skills through my formative years. Brainerd Prince, for introducing me to the world of Hindu studies, and for guiding me beyond academics through- out my research journey. To all the faculty members, staff, and colleagues at the Oxford Centre for Mission Studies, for welcoming me into their unique community of practitioner-researchers, and for supporting my project with yearly grants. Wonsuk Ma and Paul Bendor-Samuel, for leadership, guid- ance, and encouragement, and for believing in me as an ‘institution’. Tom Harvey, for honest conversations, timely encouragements, and for pushing me to ask the ‘so what’ question for post-PhD contribution. David Singh, for being a mentor, guide, and family away from home. Ralph Bates, for resources, advises, proof-reading, and, above all, friendship. To all the mem- bers and staff at the Oxford Centre for Hindu Studies, for academic support, and for ushering me into the depths of Hindu wisdom. Shaunaka Rishi Das, for welcome, encouragement, and conversations. Rembert Lutjeharms, for resources, teaching, and for sparing ample time for my pre-viva examination. The Oriental Institute, University of Oxford, for academic support. James Benson, for the one-year Sanskrit classes that equipped me to translate my primary text at the standard set by the University. I would also like to thank the late (Uncle) Montague Barker, for all the long walks and stories, for prayer, and genuine care. Peter Shin, for friend- ship, conversations, honesty, and support. Khumi T Burton, for motherly Acknowledgements ix care, support, and laughter. Geoff and Mary Bayliss, for kindness, gener- osity, and unconditional love. My home away from home in Oxford and my quiet inspiration. My supervisor Gavin Flood, for guiding, teaching, and weaning me in the academic world of Hindu studies, hermeneutical phenomenology, and com- parative and dialogical approaches through conversations, lectures, reading groups, and tutorials. For his gentle supervision and patient guidance that has helped me appreciate and appropriate the dialogic perspective not only as a research skill, but also as a way of negotiating and appreciating the mystery and beauty of life itself. I remain deeply grateful to the Routledge team, particularly to the anonymous reviewers for their feedbacks, and to Dorothea Schaefter, Senior Editor, Asian Studies, Alexandra de Brauw, Editorial Assistant, Asian Studies, Georgina Bishop, Senior Editorial Assistant, Asian Studies, Veronica Morgan, Production Editor, and also Shina Harshavardhan, Senior Project Manager, codeMantra for guiding me through each stage of the publication process. 1 Introduction Preliminary background The Pūrvamīmāṃsā, which is based on Jaimini’s seminal text known as the Mīmāṃsāsūtras, is a school of thought in Indian philosophy whose stature and nature of enquiry, particularly in light of its close connection with the elaborate practice of sacrifice in late Vedic times, have been a point of contention. The Mīmāṃsā has been generally observed in modern scholarship as a system of thought or a body of doctrines that is a ‘reasoned investigation of the earliest portions of the Veda’,1 a ‘science of interpreting sentences’2 and a ‘scholastic tradition’ that is ‘dedicated to the study of the language of the veda’3; however, it has also been simultaneously dismissed as an ‘ orthodox’ tradition that is contemporarily irrelevant,4 and its credi- bility as one of the ṣaḍ-darśanas in Indian philosophy has often been treated with suspicion. As Biderman
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