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Greenpoint and Laying out Istreets

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Greenpoint and Laying out Istreets A GUIDE TO HISTORIC NEW YORK CITY NEIGHBORHOODS G REENPOINT BROOKLyn The Historic Districts Council is New York’s citywide advocate for historic buildings and neighborhoods. The Six to Celebrate program annually identifies six historic New York City neighborhoods that merit preservation as priorities for HDC’s advocacy and consultation over a yearlong period. The six, chosen from applications submitted by community organizations, are selected on the basis of the architectural and historic merit of the area, the level of threat to the neighborhood, the strength and willingness of the local advocates, and the potential for HDC’s preservation support to be meaningful. HDC works with these neighborhood partners to set and reach pres- ervation goals through strategic planning, advocacy, outreach, programs and publicity. The core belief of the Historic Districts Council is that preservation and enhancement of New York City’s historic resources—its neighborhoods, buildings, parks and public spaces—are central to the continued success of the city. The Historic Districts Council works to ensure the preservation of these resources and uphold the New York City Landmarks Law and to further the preservation ethic. This mission is accomplished through ongoing programs of assistance to more than 500 community and neighborhood groups and through public-policy initiatives, publications, educational outreach and sponsorship of community events. Six to Celebrate is generously supported by The New York Community Trust. Additional support for Six to Celebrate is provided by the New York State Council on the Arts with the support of Governor Andrew Cuomo and the New York State Legislature and by public funds from the New York City Depart- ment of Cultural Affairs in partnership with the City Council and New York City Councilmembers Margaret Chin, Inez Dickens, Daniel Garodnick, Vincent Gentile, Sara Gonzalez, Stephen Levin and Rosie Mendez. 232 East 11th Street, New York, NY 10003 tel 212-614-9107 fax 212-614-9127 e-mail [email protected] www.hdc.org Copyright © 2014 by Historic Districts Council Cover: St. Anthony of Padua Church (site #10) Guide design: Lost In Brooklyn Studio Guide design: Lost In Brooklyn A BRIEF HISTORY n 1832, Neziah Bliss (1790–1876) and Eliphalet Nott (1773–1866), business partners in steamship production, began purchasing acres of farmland in Greenpoint and laying out Istreets. Spurred by a period of economic growth and an influx of European immigrants during the 1850s, more than a dozen shipbuilding firms moved across the river from Manhat- tan and turned the neighborhood into a major shipbuilding center. Franklin Street, named after Benjamin Franklin, was established as its commercial strip with shops catering to local indus- tries. During the Civil War, the United States Navy commissioned several major ironclad war ships from the Continental Iron Works, which occupied a seven-acre stretch of the Greenpoint waterfront and employed 1,400 men. The first of these, the Monitor, famously defeated the Merrimac, a Confederate ironclad ship, in a standoff in Virginia in 1862, just a month after its launch. The Monitor was a source of pride for the neighborhood and is commemorated to this day by a monument in Monsignor McGolrick Park. While shipbuilding declined after the Civil War, Greenpoint’s other industrial enterprises, which included porcelain making, glass making and oil refining, continued to thrive. The influential Union Porcelain Works on Eckford Street helped shape American porcelain design. Its owner, Thomas C. Smith, purchased a tract of land on Milton Street in the 1860s and constructed a number of homes there, decorating some of their hearths with blue and white porcelain tiles. It was claimed they were the only tiles manufactured in the United States that could withstand such heat. The Greenpoint Glass Works, another local company, gained such acclaim that Mary Todd Lincoln commissioned table settings for the White House. Greenpoint and Williamsburg also formed a hub for oil refineries. Greenpoint’s residential development was closely aligned with its industrial growth, as workers’ housing was built inland from the waterfront. Large, elaborate rowhouses were constructed for owners and managers, while modest rowhouses, tenements and apartment buildings were built for laborers. Much of this construction occurred during the second half of the 19th century, and the neighborhood still displays a variety of architectural styles popular at that time. Early rowhouses contain elements of the Italianate and Greek Revival styles, while later styles include French Second Empire, neo-Grec, Queen Anne and Romanesque Revival. Some of the neigh- borhood’s later institutional buildings, such as the Greenpoint Savings Bank and the Mechanics and Traders Bank, were designed in the Classical and Renaissance Revival styles. The neighbor- hood also boasts many fine churches, designed in the Gothic Revival, Victorian Gothic and Romanesque Revival styles, among others. There are two historic districts in Greenpoint: the Greenpoint Historic District, located in the neighborhood’s core, and the Eberhard Faber Pencil Company Historic District, which covers roughly one block. A section of the neighborhood is also a National Register of Historic Places District. 1 — HISTORIC DISTRICTS COUNCIL — Greenpoint 1. ST. CECILIA’S CATHOLIC CHURCH 84 Herbert Street Thomas Henry Poole, 1891–93 The congregation of St. Cecilia’s formed in 1869 and origi- nally occupied a small wood-frame church built in 1871. Over the course of the 50-year leadership of Monsignor McGolrick (1857–1938), the congregation vastly grew and the church set out to construct a larger building. This structure, which can hold roughly 1,400 people, is constructed of Georgia marble and limestone, and its altar is made of a cream-colored, French limestone called Caen stone. It features an imposing corner bell tower, capped with a copper roof. 2. ST. STANISLAUS KOSTKA VINCENTIAN FATHERS CHURCH 607 Humboldt Street 1903–04 This Gothic Revival church, with a capacity of 1,250 wor- shippers, houses the largest Polish Catholic congregation in Brooklyn. In fact, the flanking stretches of Humboldt Street and Driggs Avenue were renamed Pope John Paul II Square and Lech Walesa Place, who each made visits to the parish. The church’s most marked feature is its spires that stand tall over the neighborhood. They are asymmetrical to one another, octagonal in shape and richly ornate. LEGEND OF DESIGNATIONS National Historic Landmark: F National Register of Historic Places—District: H National Register of Historic Places —Property: J New York City Historic District: Q New York City Individual Landmark: X New York City Interior Landmark: D 2 — HISTORIC DISTRICTS COUNCIL — Greenpoint 3. MONSIGNOR MCGOLRICK PARK Shelter Pavilion: Helmle & Huberty, 1910 X John Ericsson Monument (Monitor and Merrimac) Sculptor: Antonio de Filippo, 1938 Originally called Winthrop Park, this park was renamed in 1941 in honor of Monsignor Edward J. McGolrick, the Pas- tor of St. Cecilia’s Church. Its interior pathways are lined with shade trees, and its exterior perimeter is bordered by modest residential architecture. A highlight is the Shelter Pavilion, a Beaux-Arts comfort station that recalls the Grand Trianon at the Palace of Versailles. The structure features two end pavil- ions connected by a crescent-shaped open arcade of paired columns. In front of the pavilion is a statue com- memorating the Greenpoint natives who lost their lives in World War I. Also within the park, the John Ericsson Monument is named for the engineer who built the Monitor, America’s first ironclad warship, in Greenpoint in 1862. 4. PUBLIC SCHOOL 34, THE OLIVER H. PERRY SCHOOL X 131 Norman Avenue Samuel B. Leonard, 1867–70 Additions: James W. Naughton, 1887–88 Constructed by the city of Brooklyn to accommodate the in- flux of residents to Greenpoint in the mid 19th century, the architects of this Romanesque Revival school building were both Superintendents of Buildings for the Brooklyn Board of Education (Leonard: 1859–1879; Naughton: 1880–1898). The brick building features a gabled front façade with arched windows, a rusticated base, and an ornate brownstone entrance enframement with pilasters and foliated brackets. The side wings along Norman Avenue were added in 1887–88 and feature shallow hipped roofs, arched windows and ornament that com- plements the style of the earlier building. 3 — HISTORIC DISTRICTS COUNCIL — Greenpoint 5. SIDEWALK CLOCK X 753 Manhattan Avenue Ca. 1860s This is one of the city’s few cast-iron sidewalk clocks intro- duced in the 1860s that remain today. The clocks were installed by store owners not only as conveniences for shoppers, but as advertisements for their businesses. Manufactured by the Bos- ton-based E. Howard Clock Company, this clock has a rectan- gular base, fluted column, and double-sided face. No longer advertising a business, the clock features the word “GREEN- POINT” in gold paint. Along with seven others across the city, the clock was designated an individual landmark in 1981. 6. GREENPOINT SAVINGS BANK H Q 807 Manhattan Avenue Helmle & Huberty, 1906–08 The Greenpoint Savings Bank, established in 1868, was housed in four different buildings in the neigh- borhood prior to commissioning this grand struc- ture. Designed by the same firm responsible for the Shelter Pavilion in Monsignor McGolrick Park, this neo-Classical, Roman-style limestone bank features a granite base, a recessed portico with four Doric columns topped with a triangular pediment, a large dome, and patterned slate shingles. 7. 133–135 OAK STREET H Q Philemon Tillion, 1901 137 OAK STREET H Q Theobold Engelhardt, 1887 133 and 135 Oak Street, mirror images of one another, were designed with Romanesque and Re- naissance Revival elements. Architectural features include rusticated stone lintels, brick arches, full- height projecting bays, ornate iron gates and gal- vanized iron cornices. 137 Oak Street is an Italianate structure that originally served as the Greenpoint Home for the Aged.
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