Issue #27 October 2004 Table of Contents Product Updates Update from AGS Features Changing Times 1 In Print H3 Single Player Harpoon Scenario: Taiwan Tripwire 2 The draft of Christoph Kluxen’s Baltic The Macintosh version 3.6.2.1 is in Annex A - Ships for Taiwan Tripwire 4 Arena is 90% complete, and will be available open beta, as is 3.6.2.2 of the PC product. An Imaginary Aircraft - Unfortunately 5 From “400 tonners” to “Flush Deckers” 6 for Cold Wars ‘05. Jay Wissmann and Bill We are setting our work list for version New Chinese Ship Classes 11 Madison are also making progress on the 3.6.3 of the game, especially bug fixes. FG&DN Scenario: The First Balkan War 12 DoRS Forms booklet, which should be ready Also for 3.6.3 we are working on making Annexes A & C1 for the First Balkan War 16 for the summer 2005 conventions. installation easier and producing an updated Q&A - Italian Gunnery in WW II 19 After that, we will begin pulling User’s Guide! Malvinas Follow-up 19 together Atlantic Navies and Stars & Stripes, CaS Scenario: A Slight Misunderstanding 20 our next planned CaS and Harpoon releases, H3 Multiplayer (MP) & Professional Annex A - Ships for respectively. (Pro) A Slight Misunderstanding 21 We are releasing new beta copies every Harpoon Scenario: Hormuz Station 22 Semper Paratus - US Coast Guard For the Computer week for testing and are trying very hard for Operations in Vietnam 1960 - 75 26 There have been a lot of “What’s next?” open beta of MP in September, and release Annexes for the USCG 1960 - 75 28 questions from players following Ubisoft’s of Pro to our lead military customers at the Rules Changes & Clarifications announcement that their computer Harpoon same time. New Trilogy Annex Designations 10 development program was officially Automating Sonar Detection in Harpoon4 18 canceled. Harpoon Classic Simplified Torpedo Rules in CaS 24 We’ve decided that the best course will We have restarted the polish work Q&A - Unexploded Bombs 25 be to develop the next version in-house, required on HC 2002 Gold Westpac beta. Q&A - Kamikazes in Harpoon 31 maintaining full control over the content Byron Audler has been rallying the troops Departments and the pace of development. While this to complete more Westpac scenarios for a Product Updates 1 will be slower than using a larger developer/ “Gold” Version of HC 2002 Gold with the Update from AGS 1 Book Review publisher, it has to be quicker than the last Westpac BattleSet. German Air-Dropped Weapons to 1945 31 attempt, which began in 1997! Don Gilman will manage the effort, Team Cover: USS Woolsey (DD-77) is launched and you can check his new website, www. We are happy to have Mike Mykytyn on 25 September, 1918. computerharpoon.com, for information. providing play and editor support for U.S. Navy, colorized by Edward Tambunan. BT the Harpoon 3 community and Patrick O’Shea providing Harpoon Classic and H3 Installation Support. Changing Times We also appreciate the great artwork done by John Dye (the new logos are his).

Other Advanced Gaming has a new site, www. computerharpoon.com. It features forums for beta testing, Classic, MP and Pro products (H3 Single Player forums are at www.harpoonhq.com). It also has a support request form and many features to improve our effectiveness in serving up computer Harpoon. Don “Uncle Harpoon” Gilman

Cover: USS Woolsey ( # 77, later SampleDD-77) launchingfile at the Bath Iron Works, Bath, Maine, on 17 September 1918. Note that she has steam up in at least one boiler, and is painted in Baltic Sea (June 7, 2004) - A Russian Ka-27 Helix helicopter lands on the flight deck of the dazzle camouflage. She was commissioned less than guided missile cruiser USS San Jacinto (CG 56) during Baltic Operations (BALTOPS) 2004. two weeks later. U.S. Navy photo by Photographer’s Mate 2nd Class George Sisting U.S. Naval Historical Center

Naval SITREP Page 1 Issue #27 October 2004 Harpoon4 Scenario: Taiwan Tripwire

by Chris Carlson Locate, board and bring Yuanwang 1 well *Successful Capture = Must spend two Tactical Location: East China Sea, 22 July 2006. within our territorial waters. If you have to sink Turns alongside the spy ship for transport of the ship, it must do so within 12 nm of our prize crew and marines. Must reach minimum Environment: 0900, daylight, slight seas coast. To support your mission, each ship in the safe distance (10 nm) inside Taiwanese waters (Sea State 3). Wind from 120°T at 15 knots. Dragon SAG has a marine squad assigned to it. to maintain the claim on ship. Until that point, Visibility is 70%, with scattered (25%) cloud Air support can be requested, but this should Chinese warships can still sink or recapture ship cover. Acoustic conditions are poor with sonar be considered an emergency action. If faced by to prevent Taiwanese possession. performance 60% of listed Annex K ranges. Chinese warships, do not hesitate to engage from Maximum depth is Intermediate II. There are no within Taiwanese waters. If engaged by Chinese PLAN Operational Situation: A massive Convergence Zones. warships, concentrate on inflicting maximum political rally in Taipei has pushed the Taiwanese damage. president closer and closer to a declaration of Taiwanese Operational Situation: A massive independence. Successive rounds of strong political rally in Taipei has pushed the Taiwanese Taiwanese Forces: rhetoric from both sides immediately followed president closer and closer to a declaration of Chi Teh, Ex-US Kidd class DDG the rally and the tension between Taiwan and the independence. Successive rounds of strong Cheng Ho, Kuang Hua I class FFG People’s Republic has gotten considerably worse. rhetoric from both sides followed the rally, and Cheung Kung, Kuang Hua I class FFG Calls for full Taiwanese independence have the tension between Taiwan and the People’s Kang Ding, Kuang Hua II class FF been matched by threats of a Chinese invasion, Republic of China has gotten considerably worse. Chi Yang, Ex-US Knox class FF followed by warnings of American intervention. Calls for full Taiwanese independence have The PLA has decided that another been matched by threats of a Chinese invasion, Taiwan Setup: See accompanying map. The demonstration of its military power is required, followed by warnings of American intervention. Dragon SAG starts 35 nm bearing 160°T from and they have announced that they will conduct The PLA has decided that another demonstration Yuanwang 1. Formation, course, and speed a large-scale missile exercise. of its military power is required, and they have should be decided by the player. All radars are off announced that they will conduct a large-scale and all aircraft are at Alert +15. PLAN Tactical Situation: To curb any further missile exercise. independence nonsense, the Central Committee Taiwanese Victory Conditions: Decisive: has decided to make a strong show of force to Taiwanese Tactical Situation: Intelligence Successfully capture the spy ship*. Tactical: If demonstrate our resolve. However, it is believed reports from multiple sources strongly indicate engaged by PLAN forces, sink the spy ship in by all levels of the government and the military that the PLA is quietly mobilizing. There has Taiwanese waters and lose two ships or less. If that an invasion of Taiwan will be necessary, been a significant transfer of naval assets to the the spy ship escapes, serious damage must be and soon. The transfer of naval assets to the East East Sea Fleet, including a doubling of their inflicted on the PLAN ships, with at least two Sea Fleet has already begun. Within the week, amphibious assault forces. Numerous mobile ships sunk. our amphibious assault forces will be doubled. missile units have been deployed from their Numerous mobile missile units have been garrisons, under the pretense of the announced deployed from their garrisons, under the pretense exercise. PLAAF Flanker air-defense fighter units are deploying to wartime positions and strategic SAM units have been placed on alert. The exercise is to be conducted this morning and reportedly will include a DF-31 ICBM and over a dozen CSS-6 and CSS-7 SRBMs. The DF-31 shot is an obvious warning to the not to get involved with internal Chinese affairs. More critically, all intelligence data indicates that several CSS-6 missiles will overfly Taiwan. The consensus of the Taiwanese leadership is that China will strike soon after the exercise while America analyzes its position. We cannot afford to wait for the U.S. President to make his decision, so we will preempt the Chinese attack, to throw off their timetable and give the U.S. time to mobilize its forces and come to our aid.

Taiwanese Orders: The PLAN has arrogantly placed one of their missile monitoring ships, Yuanwang 1, just outside our territorial waters to monitor the missile firings and our reactions as well. SampleThe Dragon SAG has been deployed to file capture or sink this ship. But this must occur within our territorial waters if we are to have legitimacy within international law. Taiwanese Kuang Hua II frigate Kang Ding Globalsecurity.org Naval SITREP Page 2 Issue #27 October 2004 of the announced exercise. PLAAF Flanker air- defense fighter units are deploying to wartime positions and strategic SAM units have been placed on alert. The missile exercise is to be conducted this morning and will include a DF-31 ICBM and PLAN Covering fifteen CSS-6 and CSS-7 SRBMs. The DF-31 Force shot is an unambiguous warning to the United States not to get involved with internal Chinese affairs. More critically, six of the CSS-6 missiles will directly over fly Taiwan. This exercise will force the U.S. and Taiwanese presidents to reconsider their positions and attempt diplomatic overtures. By then it will be too late, and the Taiwan question will be resolved.

PLAN Orders: We have placed the missile Yuanwang 1 monitoring ship Yuanwang 1 just outside Taiwanese territorial waters to monitor the missile firings and their reactions as well. It is very unlikely that the Taiwanese navy will do Dragon SAG anything, but to be on the safe side, your SAG will patrol nearby. Stay at least 25 nm away from the Yuanwang 1 unless ordered to close by the East Sea Fleet commander or upon receiving a distress call from the monitoring ship. There are no intelligence indications that any significant Taiwanese naval force is at sea. However, if Taiwanese forces attack the monitoring ship, take all measures to protect it. If the ship is sunk, exact appropriate revenge on the ship that committed the crime.

PLAN Forces: Wuhan, Type 052B [Luyang I] DDG Ma An Shan, Type 054 [Jiangkai] FF Tonqing, Type 055 [Jiangwei I] FF If the PRC forces must sink the monitoring his helicopters, the referee can provide him with Yuanwang 1, Yuanwang AOG ship, then the best they can do is deny the an HF/DF bearing to the PRC covering force, Taiwanese victory. based on detection from land-based DF stations. PLAN Setup: See accompanying map. The 3) Because of lack of firm information on Covering force starts 25 nm bearing 350°T *Successful Escape = monitoring ship is still new PRC weapons, use the Compact 100mm/55 from Yuanwang 1. Formation, course, and speed capable of making way or is taken under tow by (France) for the 100mm gun, Goalkeeper CIWS should be decided by the player. All radars are off a PLAN warship. Must reach a minimum safe for the Type 730. and all aircraft are at Alert +15. distance (10 nm) outside of Taiwanese waters to The YJ-83 has I/M/TARH (3rd Gen) be clear of the situation. guidance, with a range of 5.4 - 135 nm. It has a PLAN Victory Conditions: Decisive: Successful cruise flight profile at VLow, a 990 knot speed, escape of monitoring ship* and no loss of any Notes: and a 33 damage point warhead. The ROF is Chinese warships. Tactical: 1) Successful escape 1) The monitoring ship is not equipped estimated at 4 per Engagement Turn, and it has a of monitoring ship and the loss of only one with scuttling provisions to prevent capture. VSmall signature. of your ships or 2) monitoring ship is sunk by Only normal external methods may be employed Data on the radars is downloadable at www. Taiwanese and over 50% of Taiwanese forces are to sink the vessel. AdmiraltyTrilogy, except for the Type 362. It is a sunk and only one of your ships are sunk. 2) If the Taiwanese player is too slow to use dual-function radar: AS: 33/21/15/7/2 SS: 30/17/10/5/3 Sample fileBT

Chinese Type 052B DDG Wuhan http://www.whatsonshenzhen.com Naval SITREP Page 3 Issue #27 October 2004 Annex A - Ships for Taiwan Tripwire

TAIWAN (REPUBLIC OF CHINA) Kuang Hua II FF Displacement: 3800 fl In Class: 6 Ex-US Kidd DDG Acoustic Counterm: None In Service: 1996 Electronic Counterm: 3rd Gen D ESM: 3rd Gen Displacement: 6950 ltshp In Class: 4 Propulsion: Diesel/CPP Crew: 160 Acoustic Counterm: 2nd Gen Twd In Service: 2005 Size Class: Small Signature: VSmall/Quiet Electronic Counterm: 3rd Gen J&D ESM: 3rd Gen Weapons: ROF Propulsion: COGAG/CPP Crew: 340 PB&PQ/SB&SQ(4)2 Hsiung Feng II w/4 msls (4) D Size Class: Medium Signature: Med/Quiet F(4)1 Sea Chaparral w/4 msls (4) D Weapons: ROF F(1)1 Compact 76mm/62//1 Castor IIC C/Italy F(2)1 Mk26 Mod 3 w/24 SM2MR Blk II A(R)1 Mk15 Block 1 Phalanx 20mm C/USA //1 SPG-51 (4) D/USA P&PQ/S&SQ(1)2 Bofors 40mm/70 C/Sweden A(2)1 Mk26 Mod 4 w/44 SM2MR Blk II P/S(3)2 324mm Mk32 TT w/3 Mk46 Mod 5 F/USA //1 SPG-51 (4) D/USA Aft Pad(1)1 S-70C(M)2 Thunderhawk B PB&SB(4)2 Mk141 w/4 Harpoon II (8) D/USA Sensors: Aft Pad(1)2 SH-2F LAMPS I B/USA DRBV 52 Triton G, DRBV 23 Jupiter, 2 DBRN 32 J/France PA/SB&S(R)2 Mk15 Phalanx w/5 bursts C/USA Spherion, ATAS(v)2 K/France P/S(1)4 12.7mm mg C/Intl Remarks: PB/SB(3)2 Mk32 324mm TT w/3 Mk46 F/USA Modified French La Fayette. Extensive RCS reduction measures. GRP F/A(1)2 Mk45 127mm/54//1 SPG-60 C/USA superstructure, special damage modifier of -10%. Fitted with fin stabiliz- Sensors: ers sand rudder-controlled roll stabilization (treat as dual stabilizers) and SPS-49, SPS-55, SPQ-9A, SPS-48E, SPS-64 J/USA RAST. CHP for 76mm is L. Carries 12 RIM-72F reloads for Sea Chapraal SQS-53A K/USA launcher. Provision for towed decoy (ACM: 2nd Gen T), Sidekick or Remarks: ARBB-33 jammer (ECM: 3rd Gen J&D), active/passive ATAS/Lamproie Chi Teh, Ming Teh, Tong Teh, Wu Teh, DDG 1801 - 1804. Offered by towed array. USA to Taiwan 1 Jan 01, reactivated starting 2002, deliveries from 2004 Damage & Speed Breakdown: to 2006. Special damage modifier of -15% for aluminum superstructure. Dam Pts: 0 26 53 79 95 105 SPG-60 with F arc can direct Mk45 gun or illuminate target for SM2MR Surf Speed: 28 21 14 7 0 Sinks msls. Fitted with New Threat Upgrade. CHP rating for sensors, Mk26, Mk45 is L. Carries 18 Mk46 torps for manual reload of TT. Usually carries only 1 SH-2F. Ex-US Knox FF Damage & Speed Breakdown: Displacement: 3130 ltshp In Class: 8 Dam Pts: 0 50 99 149 178 198 Acoustic Counterm: 2nd Gen twd In Service: 1993 Surf Speed: 33 25 17 8 0 Sinks Electronic Counterm: 2nd Gen J&D ESM: 2nd Gen Propulsion: Steam Crew: 287 Kuang Hua I FFG Size Class: Small Signature: Small/Quiet Weapons: ROF Displacement: 4200 fl In Class: 7+1 A(R)1 Mk15 Phalanx 20mm/76 w/5 bursts C/USA Acoustic Counterm: 2nd Gen twd In Service: 1993 F(8)1 Mk16 w/8 ASROC & Harpoon D, F/USA Electronic Counterm: 3rd Gen D ESM: 3rd Gen PB/SB(2)2 Mk32 324mm TT w/2 Mk46 Mod 5 F/USA Propulsion: COGAG/CPP Crew: 206 Aft Pad(1)1 MD-500 B/USA Size Class: Small Signature: Small/Quiet F(1)1 Mk42 127mm/54//1 SPG-53 C/USA Weapons: ROF Sensors: P/S(4)2 Hsiung Feng II w/4 msls (4) D SPS-67(v)1, SPS-40B J/USA F(1)1 Mk13 w/40 SM1MR Blk VI//1 STIR (3) D/USA LN-66 J/Can P&S(1)1 Compact 76mm/62//1 Mk92 C/Italy SQS-26, SQR-18A(v)1 K/USA P/S(1)2 Bofors 40mm/70 C/Sweden Remarks: A(R)1 Mk15 Phalanx 20mm/76 w/5 bursts C/USA 932 - 939. Leased from USN for five years, then purchased. Mk16 has F/PA/SA(1)3 Type 75 20mm/68 C 6 ASROC, 2 Harpoon; can fire 2 Harpoon per turn. Auto-reloading (est. PB/SB(3)2 Mk32 324 mm TT w/3 Mk46 Mod 5 F/USA 2 minutes per missile) of another 6 ASROC and 2 Harpoon. Fitted with Aft Pad(1)2 S-70C(M)2 B stabilizers. Special damage modifier of -15% for aluminium superstructure. Sensors: Fitted with Prairie-Masker system. Can carry SH-2 Seasprite when avail- SPS-55 J/USA able. 935-937 have A(R)1 Mk15 Phalanx 20mm/76 w/5 bursts, 938-939 SPS-49(v)5 J/USA have MMS (2nd Gen FLIR). DE-1160B K/USA Damage & Speed Breakdown: Remarks: Dam Pts: 0 27 54 81 97 108 Based on US Oliver Hazard Perry class. Fitted with stabilizers and RAST. Surf Speed: 27 20 14 7 0 Sinks The 40mm mounts cannot be manned or operated when the 76mm is firing because of the blast. Special damage modifier of -15% for aluminum superstructure. STIR MFC upgraded to allow VLow engagements with PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA SM1MR. Planned Batch II canceled. • 1998: Sidekick jammer added (3rd Gen J&D). Type 052B [Luyang I] DDG • Hsiung Feng II SSM to be removed. Will be fitted with RGM-84L Displacement: 6500 n In Class: 1+1 Harpoon II missiles fired from the Mk13 launcher. To be fitted with either Acoustic Counterm: 2nd Gen T In Service: 2004 SQR-18A(v)2 or ATAS. Electronic Counterm: 3rd Gen J&D ESM: 3rd Gen ESM Damage & Speed Breakdown: Propulsion: CODOG Crew: 250 Dam Pts: 0 27 55 82 98 109 SampleSize Class: Medium fileSignature: Medium/Quiet Surf Speed: 29 22 15 7 0 Sinks Weapons: ROF F(1)1 100mm/56//1 Type 947 FCR & EO backup C F/A(1)2 Yozh [SA-N-7b] w/24 Grizzly //4 MR-90 Orekh [Front Dome] (3) D

Naval SITREP Page 4 Issue #27 October 2004

PB&SB(4)4 YJ-83 w/4 msls//1 Mineral E (4) D PB/SB(3)2 ILAS.3 324mm TT w/3 Yu-7 F An Imaginary Aircraft PB&SB(6)2 Type 81 ASW RL w/5 salvoes E PB&PQ/SB&SQ(R)2 Type 730 30mm w/6 bursts - Unfortunately //2 Type 347C [Rice Lamp] & EO/IR Backup Aft Pad (1)1 Ka-28 Helix or Zhi-9C Haitun B Sensors: MR-710 Fregat M2 [Top Plate B] J/Russia Mineral E [Band Stand] J/Russia Type 362A J 2 Decca 1290 ARPA J/UK SJD-9 Bow K Remarks: • May 02: Lead unit Guangzhou (168) launched. • Oct 02: Wuhan (169) launched. Damage & Speed Breakdown: Dam Pts: 0 46 93 139 167 185 Surf Speed: 30 23 15 8 0 Sinks

Type 054 [Jiangkai] FF Displacement: 3500 std In Class: 0+4 Acoustic Counterm: 2nd Gen T In Service: 2004 est Electronic Counterm: 3rd Gen J&D ESM: 3rd Gen ESM Propulsion: Diesel Crew: 250 Size Class: Small Signature: VSmall/Quiet Weapons: ROF F(1)1 100mm/56//1 Type 947 FCR & EO backup C My friend Dave Hood tipped me off to this. He sent a photo to F(8)1 HHQ-7 (Crotale Modulaire) w/ 8 FM-90 me described as the “F/A-37 Talon.” I went looking and found more //1 Type 345 Castor II (2) D PB&SB(4)4 YJ-83 w/4 msls//1 Type 352C (4) D photos on www.globalsecurity.org, as well as a Navy story on www. PB/SB(3)2 ILAS.3 324mm TT w/3 Yu-7 F news.navy.mil/search/display.asp?story_id=13848. PB&SB(6)2 Type 81 w/5 salvoes E In late June of this year, a film crew went aboard USS Abraham PB&PQ/SB&SQ(R)4 AK-630 30mm/54 Lincoln (CVN 72) to film “Stealth.” The heroes of the movie fly the w/15 bursts//1 MR-123 [Bass Tilt] C/Russia Aft Pad (1)1 Ka-28 Helix or Zhi-9C Haitun B “Talon,” but during the story an even more advanced version with a Sensors: robotic pilot runs amok. The movie, starring Josh Lucas, Jessica Biel Type 362A, Type 352C J and Sam Shepard, will appear some time in 2005. Sea Tiger (DRBV 15A) J/France At first I thought this was Photoshop in action, but it’s too 2 Decca 1290 ARPA J/UK SJD-7 Bow K soon after filming for such shots. Presumably, the film company Remarks: built a full-scale model of the aircraft. The only “specifications” Design includes shaping to reduce radar signature. available say it cruises at Mach 3.5, has a maximum speed of Mach • 11 Sep 03. Lead unit Ma An Shan (hull 525) launched 4+ (!), and a range of 4000 nm. It must use Hollywood snake oil for Damage & Speed Breakdown: Dam Pts: 0 28 57 85 102 113 fuel. Surf Speed: 27 20 14 7 0 Sinks A gamer looking for advanced (2010+) aircraft for a scenario might use this as good place to start. I am so waiting for the kit to Type 055 [Jiangwei I] FF show up. Displacement: 1700 std In Class: 4 BT Acoustic Counterm: None In Service: 1991 Electronic Counterm: 2nd Gen J&D ESM: 2nd Gen Propulsion: Diesel/CPP Crew: 170 Ed note: The kit appeared in 2005 from FantasticPlastic.com, in Size Class: Small Signature: Small/Noisy resin, for $75.00 (LLB 2013) Weapons: ROF F(2)1 ENG-2 100mm/56//1 Type 343 [Sun Visor B] C PB&SB(3)2 Yingji-8 [CSS-N-4] w/3 Sardine (6) D F(6)1 HQ-61 [CSA-N-2] w/6 RF-61 msls// 1 Type 342 [Fog Lamp] (2) D PW/SW/P&PQ/S&SQ(2)4 Type 76A 37mm/63// 2 Type 341 [Rice Lamp] C F(5)2 Type 87 ASW Rocket Launcher w/5 salvoes E Aft Pad(1)1 Zhi-9C Haitun or Ka-28 Helix A B Sensors: Type 363, Type 360 J Decca 1290 ARPA J/UK SJD-7 K Remarks: Anqing, Huainan, Huaibei, Tonqing. No SAM reloads. Fitted w/French designed SamaheSample Harpoon-type helicopter recovery system. file Damage & Speed Breakdown: Dam Pts: 0 15 30 44 53 59 Surf Speed: 27 20 14 7 0 Sinks

Naval SITREP Page 5 Issue #27 October 2004 From “400 Tonners” to “Flush Deckers” of the United States 1902 - 1922

by James A. Broshot As the Bainbridge classes had come out ability was also wanted. As the Navy lacked overweight and somewhat fragile and failed the numerous light cruisers found in the Unlike its Spanish foe, The United to meet their design speed of 30 knots, British and German navies, its destroyers States Navy fought the Spanish-American the new destroyers were much larger and would have to act as scouts, posted ahead of War without a destroyer class, then designed to be ocean-going. DD17 Smith the Battle Fleet to warn of the approach of known as “torpedo-boat destroyers.” was the first US turbine-powered destroyer enemy forces. Thus, in 1916 the prototype Although the US Navy easily prevailed, and DD24 Roe of the later Paulding class of the famous “flush-deckers” was born, its officers had seen a significant threat was the first US destroyer to be entirely which served in both World Wars. from Cerveras’ British-built oil-fueled. The Smith, Paulding and Six new destroyers were ordered in destroyers of the Furor and Audaz classes. Monaghan classes, or “700 tonners,” built 1916, rated at 30 knots and with a flush Theodore Roosevelt, before and after he between 1908 and 1912, eventually became deck instead of the raised forecastle of became President, was a strong advocate known as “flivvers” when later, even larger previous US destroyers. These ships, the of destroyers, and no less than twenty-six destroyers were built {Ed note: A “flivver” Caldwell class, were armed, like the “1000 destroyers had been authorized by the time was WW I slang for a jalopy - a cheap, tonners,” with 4-inch guns, and had no his term ended. small, and usually old car}. The “flivvers” less than four sets of 21-inch triple torpedo The first sixteen US destroyers were standardized on a main armament of the tubes. authorized by Congress on 4 May 1898, 3-inch/50 caliber gun with three sets of twin The entry of the United States into before the end of the Spanish American torpedo tubes. on 6 April 1917 triggered War, and entered service between 1902 Although the “flivvers” were a success, a massive expansion of the Navy and a and 1903. Though often considered as one the Navy wanted even bigger, more heavily desperate need for destroyers to combat class (Bainbridge or “400 tonners”), their armed destroyers. Thus, the next class of the U-Boat menace and protect the fleet. A armament, displacement and speed varied destroyers was designed to displace 1,000 huge destroyer force had to be constructed depending on the builder, and they actually tons with 4-inch guns and, except for the as rapidly as possible in as many shipyards consisted of at least four distinctive types. Cassin class, 21-inch torpedo tubes. These as could be found or built. The design of DD1 - DD5 and DD10 - DD13 were built “1000 tonners” composed two classes the Caldwell class was selected as the basis of to official plans, while DD6 - DD7, DD8 and were built between 1912 and 1917. all war-time destroyer construction and was -DD9 and DD14 - DD16 were built to the Antiaircraft weapons appeared in the modified, first, for an increased speed of 35 builder’s plans. The DD8 - DD9 class was Sampson class in the form of two 1-pounder knots, and, second, to carry more fuel for unsuccessful and could not carry 3-inch pom-pom guns. an wider radius of operation. All were built guns, which were removed and replaced by Even before the “1000 tonners” had to either of two basic designs. The Bath 6-pounders. entered service, the Navy was designing its Iron Works design was known informally New destroyer construction was not next-generation destroyer. Destroyer officers as the “Liberty” type and ultimately as the authorized until June 1906 when the first demanded more speed and an even heavier Wickes class. The Bethlehem Steel design, three ships of the Smith class were ordered. torpedo armament. Better sea-keeping with greater fuel capacity, was known as the Clemson class. Both types were armed as the Caldwell class, but the original antiaircraft armament was modified and later reduced in favor of more ASW capability in the shape of a Y-gun. Reports of German destroyers that were to mount 5.9-inch guns resulted in the Clemsons being given stronger gun foundations to be able to carry 5-inch/51 caliber guns. However, only five ships ever received the heavier guns. Three of the class were fitted with 4-inch guns in twin mounts. Wartime destroyers were built both in Navy Yards and in private shipyards, including the Navy Destroyer Plant at Squantum, Massachusetts, and the Clemson Sampleclass was designedfile to be built using mass production techniques. With the urgent need for destroyers, the ships were built as fast as possible, but it still took eight to ten USS Hopkins DD6 (Hull class) in port shortly before World War I months to construct, although Mare Island U.S. Naval Historical Center.

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