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Assessment at the Weg Naar Zee Ressort, Suriname

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Assessment at the Weg Naar Zee Ressort, Suriname 2016 Social and Economic Impact of Climate Change: Assessment at The Weg Naar Zee Ressort, Suriname THE ANATOL INSTITUTE OF RESEARCH AND SOCIAL SCIENCES & STICHTING INNOVATIVE APPROACHES AND SOLUTIONS © 2016. All rights reserved. The text of this report or portions thereof may be reproduced in any form for education or non-profit use only without special permission, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. No use of this publication may be made for resale or any other commercial purposes without prior written consent of the author. Disclaimer The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the United Nations, including UNDP, or their Member States. TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD................................................................................................................................. 1 INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................... 3 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY ....................................................................................................... 9 Specific Project Objectives ......................................................................................................... 9 METHODOLOGY ..................................................................................................................... 10 INITIAL DATA ANALYSIS ..................................................................................................... 12 RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................................................................ 76 Community Impact ................................................................................................................. 76 Economic .................................................................................................................................. 76 Environment ............................................................................................................................ 77 Women and Youth .................................................................................................................. 78 Awareness ................................................................................................................................ 80 Public Education ..................................................................................................................... 80 Government, NGOs and Private Sector ................................................................................ 81 BIBLIOGRAPHY ....................................................................................................................... 84 FOREWORD One of my first field visits in December of 2013, even before starting my assignment with the United Nations Development Program in Suriname, was a visit to Weg naar Zee. It is therefore my privilege to write the foreword for this publication. From 2012 Census data, the Weg naar Zee ressort has a total population of 16,069 persons, of which 8,065 are male and 8,004 female, and a density of approx. 390/km2 (1,000/sq. mi). These men, women and children are vulnerable to the following Climate Change impacts; Storm surges: which pose a severe threat to coastal infrastructure, which have already caused significant damage in communities in and around Weg naar Zee. Flooding: although climate projections anticipate a 10% decrease in overall rainfall, these projections also predict more intense rainfall over short periods1 which will worsen already existing flooding and erosion problems, particularly in Suriname’s urban areas where natural drainage has been severely disrupted. Saltwater Intrusion and Decline in Water Resources: one of the long-term impacts of storm surges and associated flooding is saltwater intrusion into the soils and aquifers of Suriname’s coastal zone. It is well documented that areas such as Weg naar Zee have seen significant saltwater intrusion from storm surges, rendering agricultural areas unusable and damaging terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem functions. Erosion/Loss of Coastal Landscape: erosion and deposition are part of the continuous principal physical processes along the coastline of Suriname, with the movement of large mud banks along the coast being the primary driver behind land accretion and retreat. Current climate change impacts are having disruptive effects on these naturally occurring changes. 1 Unpublished Draft UNDP project document; Ecosystem Based Adaptation to Climate Change in Suriname, page 9 1 These climate change impacts pose threats to the current livelihoods of the local community and also have the potential to negatively impact the realization of the Sustainable Development Goals for the community. This study was therefore undertaken as part of the preparation and deployment of interventions within the community to address their vulnerabilities. The methodology employed enlisted the participation of the community and was embraced by the people of the community. The results of the study are presented in this report. We wish to thank the Government of Suriname and the European Union for the partnership through the GCCA+ Suriname Adaptation project that made this study possible. We are most appreciative for Stichting Innovative Approaches and Solutions (INNOVA) and its Caribbean partner The Anatol Institute of research and Social Sciences (TAIRASS) for undertaking the study and we thank the community of Weg naar Zee for its participation in the study. We are committed to ensuring that the results will directly feed into proposed measures in the short-term within the context of implementing UNDP program actions within the community. Armstrong Alexis Deputy Resident Representative 2 INTRODUCTION The Republic of Suriname is located on the South American continent, and is bordered by French Guiana, Guyana and Brazil. Suriname is known to be particularly vulnerable to the potentially negative impact of climate change since it has a low lying coastal zone and which is relatively highly populated. Suriname demonstrates significant vulnerability to the negative impacts of climate change mainly due to its low-lying coast. A majority of the country’s fertile land is located along the coast, as well as a concentration of the country's main economic activities and the majority of the population. According to Caribsave, 2012 “…Suriname is already experiencing some of the effects of climate variability and change through greater rainfall variability leading to droughts, flooding and some landslides”. While data and records related to climate trends and impacts continue to be limited, current projections indicate that future changes in climate in Suriname will be significant and have a negative effect in the communities in the coastal areas such Weg naar Zee. Weg naar Zee is one of the 12 administrative ressorts of the Surinamese capital and district Paramaribo. A ressort is a Surinamese administrative unit in which the districts are divided. Within the 10 districts of Suriname are a total of 62 resorts. 3 FIGURE 1: MAP OF WEG NAAR ZEE RESSORT Geographically, Weg naar Zee, as the name suggests, lies on the Atlantic coast and borders at the north to the Atlantic Ocean. To the east the resort is bordered by the government resort North-East from the Atlantic to the axis of the Kwattaweg. At the south the border is formed by the Rijweg to Kwatta axis and the axis of the Middenpad Kwatta, from the west side of Washington Street to the border district Wanica. At the West the resort shares border with district Wanica, from the axis of the Middenpad of Kwatta to the Atlantic Ocean (ALGEMEEN DECREET A-26 DECREET, 16 October, 1987). The resort represents a total land area of 41 km2 (16 sq. mi) and according to the 2012 Census, Weg naar Zee has a total population of 16,069 people, of which 8065 male and 8004 female, and a density of approx. 390/km2 (1,000/sq. mi). The table below table provides a breakdown of the population of Weg naar Zee by age group and gender: 4 TABLE 1: POPULATION OF WEG NAAR ZEE Source: ABS, Census 2012 It is generally accepted that the majority of the world's poor live in rural areas, and Suriname’s reality conforms to this fact, and is particularly vulnerable to the threats posed by climate change. In the aim of mitigating climate change the issues of resource management and sustainable land development must by necessity be considered and placed high on the policy agenda. This is critical if the aim is to improve the livelihoods of the coastal populations, particularly indigenous groups and ethnic minorities. According to the United Nations, global climate change and inter-annual changes on the territory of Suriname can have the following consequences: 1. Change in the temperature and rainfall patterns 5 2. Change in the sea level and therefore the coastal issues 3. Change in the water sources 4. Change in the ecosystems 5. Change in the health sector 6. Change in agricultural potential 7. Change in the social and economic systems in the country (first national communication under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, NIMOS, Suriname 2005). Climate change refers to a change in the state of the climate that can be identified (e.g. by using statistical tests) by changes in the mean and/or the variability of its properties, and that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer. Climate change may be due to natural internal processes or external forces,
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