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Annual Report of the Director Bureau of Standards to the Secretary of Commerce for the Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 1922

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Annual Report of the Director Bureau of Standards to the Secretary of Commerce for the Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 1922 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF THE BUREAU OF STANDARDS TO THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1922 (Miscellaneous PubHcatkiu—No. 50) WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1922 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF THE BUREAU OF STANDARDS TO THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1922 I (Miscellaneous Publications—No. 50) WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1922 Persons on a regular mailing list of the Department of Commerce should give prompt notice to the " Division of Publications, Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C," of any change of address, stating specifically the form of address in which the publication has previously been received, as well as the new address. The department should also be advised promptly when a publi- cation is no longer desired. II CONTENTS. Page. Chart showing functions of bureau facing 1 I. FUNCTIONS, ORGANIZATION, AND LOCATION. Definition of standards 1 Standards of measurement 1 Physical constants (standard values) 2 Standards of quality 2 Standards of performance 3 Standards of practice 3 Relation of the bureau's work to the public 3 Comparison of standards of scientific and educational institutions or of the public with those of the bureau 3 Work of the bureau in an advisory capacity 4 Relation of the bureau's work to the industries ; 4 Assistance in establishing exact standards of measurement needed in industries 4 The collection of fundamental data for the industries 5 Standardization 6 Simplification 7 Elimination of industrial wastes 7 Training of experts in various industrial fields 9 Relation of the bureau's work to the Government 9 Comparison of standards of otlier Government departments with those of the bureau 9 Performance of tests and investigations and the collection of scientific data of a fundamental nature 9 Advisory and consulting capacity 10 The bureau as a testing laboratory and its work in the preparation of specifications on which to base the purchase of materials 10 Organization 11 Location . 12 II. SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL DIVISIONS. Weights and measures 13 General 13 Scope of weights and measures work 13 Length 13 Investigation in precision length measurements 13 Apparatus 14 Research in screw cutting and precision dividing engines 14 Information on length measurements and standards 1.5 Routine testing 15 Visitors 16 Statement of present condition of the section and recommenda- tions for the following year 16 Revision of publications 17 Mass 17 Mass standards of the bureau 17 Tests 17 State standards 18 Manufacturers' standards 18 ni IV CONTENTS. Weights and measures—Continued. Mass—Continued. Page. Accuracj' of American weiglits 18 Imported \^eis;lits 18 Improvement in types of weiglits 18 Repair of analytical weights 19 Equivalents 19 Personnel 19 Time 19 Research in diurnal variation of clock rates 19 Horological Institute of America 20 Improvements in equipment 20 Testing 20 Future work 20 Additional equipment 20 Travel 21 Capacity and density 21 Research 21 Hydrometer scale for petroleum oils 21 Calibration of horizontal tanks 22 Testing 22 Apparatus on hand July 1, 1922 24 Visitors 24 Gas measurement 24 Research in connection with orifice meters 24 Standard methods for determining and rating the capacities of dry meters 25 Measurement of compressed gases 2.5 Gas-measuring instruments, routine tests 26 Thermal expansion 26 Research in dental inlays 26 The ultra micrometer 26 Tests 26 Investigations and tests on commercial scales and related work 27 Investigation of railroad track scales 27 Calibration of privately OM'ned test cars 29 Calibration of master scales .30 Bureau of Standards master track scale 31 Mine scale investigation . 31 Miscellaneous tests of weighing and measuring devices 32 Investigations concerning weights and measures tests and prac- tices 33 Automatic dial scales 34 Grain scales ^ 34 Railroad depot scales 34 Strength specifications for scales ; 35 Specifications for testing machines 35 Precision test of large capacity scales 35 Weighing by substitution 36 Mathematical character of scale errors 36 Correspondence 36 Cooperation with State and local officials in weights and measures administi'ation 36 General cooperation with States 36 Fifteenth Annual Conference on Weights and Measures 37 Weights and measures laws 37 Weights per bushel .38 Foreign weights and measures 3S Gauges 38 Investigation , ,SS Tests and studies for the National Screw Thread Commission .30 Constant-temperature room 39 (')rdiianee gauge shop 39 Design and construction 40 Routine tests of gauges 40 (xovernnient tests 40 Tests for commercial concerns 41 CONTENTS. V Page. Weights and measures—Continued. General standardization work National Screw Thread Commission Special committee work Standardization of rig irons ,.~ Adding machines ,t Publications ri Electricity General Scope of electrical work Public utility investigations General condition of the division Resistance measurements '^^ Routine testing 'f^ Change in resistance of a conductor with change in its potential- Galvanometers „ Fundamental measurements of resistance '^^ conductivity Standard for the of aluminum '^J, Inductance and capacitance 4^ Inductance and capacitance laboratory Inductance research IS Capacitance research '18 Methods of measuring dielectric loss 48 Properties of insulators for submarine cables Absolute determination of the ohm 49 Electrical nieasur ng instruments 49 Testing of electrical instruments- ». 49 Cooperation with associations 49 Federal standard specifications 5'^ Cooperation with manufacturers 5'^ Development of apparatus 50 Ignition apparatus 50 Magnetic measurements 51 General magnetic measurements 51 Correlation of properties 51 Thermoniagnetic analysis 51 Magnetic compasses 51 Miscellaneous activities 51 Photometry and illuminating engineering 52 Calibration of standard lamps 52 Miniature standard lamps 52 Photometric methods 5.3 Corrections for flame standards 53 Specifications for incandescent electric lamps 53 Inspection and life tests of electric lamps purchased by the Gov- ernment 54 Automobile headlights 55 Miscellaneous illumination problems .55 Radio connnunication 56 Radio research and information 56 Electron tubes as generators 57 Electron tubes as amplifiers 57 Radio control 57 Radiotelephony 57 Arc converters : 57 Direction finding 58 Interference measurement 58 Radio fog s'gnaling 58 Radio receiving sets : 58 Standardization of radio equipment 59 Interdepartnient Advisory Committee on Governmental Radio Broadcasting ,59 Radiotelephony conference 59 International conferences 59 International Union of Scientific Radiotelegraphy GO VI CONTENTS. Electricity—Continued. Paee- Electric batteries 60 Tests of batteries 60 Standardization of dry cells 60 Circular on dry cells 61 Specifications for airplane batteries 61 Cooperation with technical committees 62 Electromotive force of cells at low temperatures 62 Resistance and potential measurements of dry cells 62 Rate of sulphation of storage-battery plates 63 Study of storage-battery separators 63 Exhibit of foreign dry cells 63 Measurements of current and voltage in starting an airplane engine 63 Radioactivity and X-ray measurements 64 Gamma-ray measurements of radioactive preparations 64 Self-luminous materials 64 X rays 64 Electrolysis prevention , 65 Scope of current electrolysis work 65 Report of American committee on electrolysis 65 Earth current meter 65 Work carried on jointly with the American committee on elec- trolysis 65 Soil corrosion 66 Safety engineering and safety standards 67 National electrical safety code 67 Electrical safety conference 68 Lightning protection 68 Combined electrical code - G8 Industrial safety standards 69 Code for head and eye protection 89 Logging and sawmill code 70 Aeronautical safety code 70 Elevator code 70 Gas engineering 70 Utilization of gas 70 Standards for gas service 72 Gas safety code 72 Electrical and related service standards 72 Standards for electric service 72 Standards for heating service 72 Street-lighting service 73 Electrical standardization 73 Telephony 73 Quantity and quality of telephone service 73 General survey of the Government's telephone systems 74 Revision of the Government's supply schedule for telephone service : 74 New billing forms for telephone service 75 Tests of coast defense fire-control equipment 75 Tests of i-adio receivers at audible frequencies 75 Circular on telephone transmission 75 Submarine cable problem 75 Ballistics and other spec al problems 76 Cooperation with Navy Department 76 A study of the variation in gun pressure with time 76 Primer explosion times 76 Ejection velocities 76 Piessure in recoil cylinders 76 Velocity of the projectile Inside the bore of a gun 77 Photographs of projectiles in flight 77 Movements and stresses in turrets and turret structures 77 Torsional vibrations of crank shafts 77 Seismomelry 77 Electric telemeter 78 Publications 79 CONTENTS, VII Page. Temperature and heat 82 General 82 Functions of the division 82 Thermometry 82 Clinical thermometers 82 Laboratory thermometers 83 New testing regulations and fee schedules 83 Tests of pure platinum 83 Temperature measurement and control 83 Equipment 83 High temperatures 84 Industrial pyrometry 84 Standard samples for thermoelectric fixed points 85 Research in pyrometry 85 Investigations in atomic properties 85 Heat measurements 86 Specific heat of superheated ammonia vapor 87 Specific volume of superheated ammonia vapor 87 Ammonia tables and Mollier chart 88 Properties of steam 88 Tliermal conductivity and heat transmission
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