Oophthalmology in Japan O OOOOOOOO O

Worldwide Neuro-Ophthalmology Section Editor: Kathleen B. Digre, MD

Neuro- OOOphthalmologyO OOOOOOOO in Japan

n 1959, 10 Japanese neuro-ophthalmologists formed the muscle proprioception. These meetings attracted more than I Neuro-ophthalmology Group. With the approval of the 1,000 participants from 24 countries. Japanese Ophthalmology Society, a scientiﬁc session on The International Scholarship (now Tsutsui-Fujino neuro-ophthalmology took place in 1964 at the annual Fund) was instituted in 1992 to provide travel expenses congress of Japan Clinical Ophthalmology. This session for Asian neuro-ophthalmologists and offer them a chance took place every year until 1973, when it was reorganized to attend the annual JNOS meeting. Since then, 20 into the Society for the Study of Neuro-ophthalmology and recipients from 10 Asian countries have attended the 2-day annual meeting was begun under the leadership of meeting. Dr Satoshi Ishikawa (Fig. 1). In 1980, the organization was renamed the Japanese Neuro-ophthalmology Society (JNOS). A formal membership system in JNOS was created TABLE 1. Outpatient neuro-ophthalmology clinics at in 1984, and the ofﬁcial journal, the Japanese Journal of university hospitals in Japan Neuro-ophthalmology (Shinkei Ganka), has been published Hokkaido University Hospital (Sapporo, Hokkaido) quarterly since then. In 1985, in Hakone, Japan, JNOS Sapporo Medical University Hospital (Sapporo, Hokkaido) hosted the sixth meeting of the International Neuro-oph- Hirosaki University Hospital (Hirosaki, Aomori) thalmology Society (INOS), the 14th International Pupil Akita University Hospital (Akita, Akita) Colloquium, and an international workshop on extraocular Iwate Medical University Hospital (Morioka, Iwate) Tohoku University Hospital (Sendai, Miyagi) Fukushima Medical University Hospital (Fukushima, Fukushima) Niigata University Hospital (Niigata, Niigata) Kitasato University Hospital (Sagamihara, Kanagawa) University of Tokyo Hospital (Tokyo, Tokyo) Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital (Tokyo, Tokyo) Keio University Hospital (Tokyo, Tokyo) Tokyo Medical University Hospital (Tokyo, Tokyo) Tokyo Women’s Medical University Hospital (Tokyo, Tokyo) Jikei University Hospital (Tokyo, Tokyo) Nihon University Hospital (Tokyo, Tokyo) Kyorin University Hospital (Tokyo, Tokyo) Showa University Hospital (Tokyo, Tokyo) Yokohama City University Hospital (Yokohama, Kanagawa) University of Toyama Hospital (Toyama, Toyama) Kanazawa University Hospital (Kanazawa, Kanazawa) Kyoto University Hospital (Kyoto, Kyoto) Osaka University Hospital (Osaka, Osaka) Osaka Medical College Hospital (Takatsuki, Osaka) Kansai Medical University Hospital (Moriguchi, Osaka) Kinki University Hospital (Sayama, Osaka) Kobe University Hospital (Kobe, Hyogo) Hyogo College of Medicine (Nishinomiya, Hyogo) Hiroshima University Hospital (Hiroshima, Hiroshima) Kawasaki Medical University Hospital (Kurashiki, Okayama) Ehime University Hospital (Toon, Ehime) Saga University Hospital (Saga, Saga) Kurume University Hospital (Kurume, Fukuoka) Oita University Hospital (Yufu, Oita) University of Miyazaki Hospital (Miyazaki, Miyazaki) Kagoshima University Hospital (Kagoshima, Kagoshima) University of the Ryukyus Hospital (Nishihara-cho, Nakagami-gun, Okinawa) FIG. 1. Professor Satoshi Ishikawa.

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TABLE 2. Current areas of neuro-ophthalmology INOS meeting, 3rd ASNOS meeting, and 44th JNOS research in Japan meeting. Notably, a program entitled “Walsh in Asia,” mod- Anti-aquaporin 4–positive optic neuritis eled after the annual Frank B. Walsh Symposium, was held Fisher syndrome for the ﬁrst time. It is now a part of every ASNOS meeting. IgG4 orbitopathy Currently, there are 964 members of JNOS, including Melanopsin retinal ganglion cells on pupil responses 722 ophthalmologists, 59 neurologists, 57 orthoptists, 8 Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy otolaryngologists, and 34 basic science researchers. The Transcorneal electrical stimulation current president of JNOS is Dr Masato Wakakura. There are 80 medical schools in Japan. Based on the information gathered on the Internet, 37 of them have The 1st Congress of the Asian Neuro-ophthalmology outpatient neuro-ophthalmology services within their oph- Society (ASNOS) was presided over by Dr Akio Tagbuchi, thalmology departments (Table 1). Table 2 lists the areas of and it was held in Tokyo jointly with the 40th annual research in neuro-ophthalmology that are currently ongoing meeting of JNOS in October 2002. In 2006, about 400 in Japan. neuro-ophthalmologists gathered in Tokyo for the 16th Satoshi Kashii, MD, PhD

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